1578:, on 1 June 2012 the conservative PP government of Mariano Rajoy reopened the monument to the public with the exception only of the base of the cross, in the past accessible by cable car or on foot, which will remain closed to ascent while the sculptures of the four apostles and the cardinal virtues forming part of the base of the cross are presently under engineering review and restoration for cracks and other deterioration. Before the official reopening on 1 June 2012, access for the public to the basilic was already possible in 2011. Beginning on 1 June 2012 the charge for entry to the monument had been 5 euros. The 5 euro entry fee was anticipated to generate around 2 million euros a year if the Valley of the Fallen once again attracted 500,000 visitors annually, the approximate number of annual visitors before closure of the monument in 2009 by the PSOE government. Starting on 2 May 2013, and over the strong objection of the Association for the Defense of the Valley of the Fallen, the entry fee for the monument was increased from 5 to 9 euros. Prior to its closure in 2009, the Valley of the Fallen was the third most visited site of the Patrimonio Nacional after only the
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remains of Franco from the Valley and the relocation of the remains of Primo de Rivera within the
Basilica mausoleum upon the consent of the Catholic Church since "any action inside of the Basilica requires the permission of the Church." Three members of the twelve person commission gave a joint dissenting opinion opposing the recommendation for the removal of the remains of Franco from the Valley claiming such action would only further "divide and stress Spanish society." The Commission additionally proposed for its report creating a "meditation centre" in the Valley for those not of the Catholic faith, the names shown on the esplanade that leads into the Basilica mausoleum of all Civil War victims buried at the Valley who can be identified and an "interpretive centre" be built to explain how and why the Valley exists. The total cost of the proposed changes to the Valley was estimated by the Commission at €13 million. On 20 November, nine days before the issuance of the report of the commission and ironically on the 36th anniversary of the death of Franco, the conservative
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Historical Memory and "all the regulations that make up the legal regime" of the B, in addition to
European laws and regulations. The Franco Foundation further prayed the Supreme Court stay any action to remove the remains of Franco during the pendency of its appeal. On 4 June 2019 the five magistrates of the Fourth Administrative Contentious Division of the Supreme Court unanimously suspended the exhumation pending a final decision for those appeals in opposition to the exhumation filed by the Franco Family, the Benedictine Community, the Franco Foundation and the Association for the Defense of the Valley of the Fallen.
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by some conservative opinion groups as a policy of harassment against the monument. In 2010, the Pietà sculpture group started to be "dismantled" with hammers and heavy machinery, which the Juan de Ávalos trust feared could cause irreparable damage to the sculpture. As a result, thereof, the trust filed several lawsuits against the
Spanish government. At the time, several parallels were made by conservative and liberal groups between the dismantling of the Pietà under the PSOE government and the destruction of the
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regular worker's salary at the time, with the possibility that the family of the convict would benefit from the housing and
Catholic children's schools that were built in the valley for them by the other workers. Only convicts with a record of good behaviour would qualify for this redemption scheme, because the work site was considered to be a low security environment. The motto used by the Nationalist government was "
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the Valley for reburial at a location to be chosen by his family, but only after first obtaining a broad parliamentary consensus for such action. The
Commission based its decision upon Franco having not died in the Civil War and the aim of the Commission that the Valley be exclusively for those on both sides who had died in the Civil War. In regard to
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Democracy" or as a memorial to all
Spaniards killed in conflict "for Democracy". Some organisations, among them centrist Catholic groups, question the purpose of these plans, on the basis that the monument is already dedicated to all of the dead, civilian and military of both Nationalist and Republican sides.
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Franco is the only person interred in the Valley who did not die in the Civil War. The argument given by the defenders of his tomb is that in the
Catholic Church the developer of a church can be buried in the church that he has promoted. Therefore, Franco would be in the Valley as the promoter of the
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On 19 March 2019 the
Francisco Franco National Foundation filed an appeal with the Supreme Court contending the February agreement of the Council of Ministers for the exhumation is "null and void" for violating "openly" not only the Constitution, but as well the royal decree that modifies the law of
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and charged to give advice for converting the Valley to a "memory centre that dignifies and rehabilitates the victims of the Civil War and the subsequent Franco regime," rendered a report recommending as its principal proposal for the commission's stated end the removal of the remains of Franco from
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outcrop 150 metres over the basilica esplanade and visible from over 30 kilometres (20 mi) away. Work started in 1940 and took over eighteen years to complete, with the monument being officially inaugurated on 1 April 1959. According to the official ledger, the cost of the construction totalled
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controversially ordered the closure of the basilica for an indefinite period of time, alleging preservation issues also affecting the Cross and some sculptures. These allegations were contested by some experts and by the
Benedictine Order religious community that lives at the complex, and were seen
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According to the official programme records, 2,643 workers directly participated in the construction, and some of them were highly skilled, as was required by the complexity of the work. 243 of these were convicts. During the eighteen-year construction period, the official tally of workers who died
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the
Commission recommended, since he was a victim of the Civil War, his remains should stay at the Valley but relocated within the Basilica mausoleum on equal footing with those remains of others who died in the conflict. The Commission further conditioned its recommendation for the removal of the
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designated the site in 1975 as his burial place. Franco's family, when asked if they had any opinion on where he should be buried, said they had none. According to a friend and colleague of Arias, the decision to bury Franco in the Valley was not made by Franco or his family, but probably by the
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Moroever, Republicans were interred here mostly without the consent or even the knowledge of their families; some estimates claim that there are 33,800 victims of Francoism interred — and their families have legal problems in recovering the remains of their family member. Franco was exhumed and
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at the time, it did provide for convicts to choose voluntary work on the basis of redeeming two days of conviction for each day worked. This law remained in force until 1995. This benefit was increased to six days when labour was carried out at the basilica with a salary of 7 pesetas per day, a
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Before his death, nobody had expected that Franco would be buried in the Valley. Moreover, the grave had to be excavated and prepared within two days, forcing last minute changes in the plumbing system of the Basilica. Unlike the fallen of the Civil War who were laid to rest in tombs behind the
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on 16 October 2007. This law dictated that "the management organisation of the Valley of the Fallen should aim to honour the memory of all of those who died during the civil war and who suffered repression". It has been suggested that the Valley of the Fallen be re-designated as a "monument to
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On 24 September 2019 the Supreme Court unanimously ruled in favour of exhumation and rejected the arguments put forward by Franco's family. It was reported that the exhumation could take place before 10 November 2019 Spanish election and would inter Franco's remains in the El Pardo Cemetery.
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The site served as Franco's burial place from his death in November 1975—although it was not originally intended that he be buried there—until his exhumation on 24 October 2019 following a long and controversial legal process, due to moves to remove all public honoration of his dictatorship.
1839:"Decreto de 1 de abril de 1940 disponiendo se alcen Basílica, Monasterio y Cuartel de Juventudes, en la finca situada en las vertientes de la Sierra del Guadarrama (El Escorial), conocida por Cuelga-muros, para perpetuar la memoria de los caídos en nuestra Gloriosa Cruzada"
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The socialist Spanish government of 2004–2011 instituted a statewide policy of removal of Francoist symbols from public buildings and spaces, leading to an uneasy relationship with a monument that is the most conspicuous legacy of Franco's rule.
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It is claimed that by 1943, the number of prisoners who were working at the site reached close to six hundred. It is also claimed that up to 20,000 prisoners were used for the overall construction of the monument and that forced labour was used.
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that connects the basilica with the base of the cross. There is a spiral staircase and a lift inside the cross, connecting the top of the basilica dome to a trapdoor on top of the cross, but their use is restricted to maintenance staff.
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The monument precinct covers over 13.6 square kilometres (3,360 acres) of Mediterranean woodlands and granite boulders on the Sierra de Guadarrama hills, more than 900 metres (3,000 ft) above sea level and includes a basilica, a
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of October 2022 envisaged the future of the Valley of the Fallen as a civil cemetery. As Primo de Rivera had required a Catholic burial, his family arranged for his body be exhumed from the Valley in April 2023 and reburied in
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76:, is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into the English Knowledge.
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chapels on the sides of the basilica, Franco was buried behind the main altar, in the central nave. His grave is marked by a tombstone engraved with just his given name and first surname, on the choir side of the main
2021:"El Tribunal Superior de Justicia de Madrid acepta a trámite el Recurso Contencioso Administrativo interpuesto por la Asociación para la Defensa del Valle, contra el cierre de todo el recinto del Valle de los Caídos"
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government closed the complex to visitors at the end of 2009, citing safety reasons connected to restoration on the façade. The decision was controversial, as the closure was attributed by some people to the
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ordered the construction of the monumental site in 1940; it was built from 1940 to 1958, and opened in 1959. Franco said that the monument was intended as a "national act of atonement" and reconciliation.
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2603:"Informe de la ponencia. Por la que se reconocen y amplían derechos y se establecen medidas en favor de quienes padecieron persecución o violencia durante la Guerra Civil y la Dictadura"
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plays Blas Fontiverosa, a film director who returns to Spain after fleeing following the Civil War and is captured and forced to work on the construction of the Valley.
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for Francoists. Inevitably, whether we like it or not, it's part of our history. We don't want to pull it down, but the Government has agreed to study our plan."
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Presenting the monument in a politically neutral way poses a number of problems, not least of which is the strength of opposing opinions on the issue.
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315:(Basilica of the Holy Cross of the Valley of the Fallen) is hewn out of a granite ridge. The 150-metre-high (500 feet) cross is constructed of stone.
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Els que volen treure els republicans del Valle de los Caídos: "Continuen allà indignament", Corporació Catalana de Mitjans Audiovisuals,25/10/2019,
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Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low-quality. If possible, verify the text with references provided in the foreign-language article.
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uses a visit to the Valle to illustrate the competing political and social attitudes to Franco's reign and the status of his tomb in modern Spain.
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and Diego Méndez on a scale to equal, according to Franco, "the grandeur of the monuments of old, which defy time and memory." Together with the
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2889:"The Association for the Protection of the Valley of the Fallen is collecting signatures against rising prices at the Monument"
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1355:(between the altar and the apse of the Church; behind the altar, from the perspective of a person standing at the main door).
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declared the underground crypt a basilica. The dimensions of this underground basilica, as excavated, are larger than those of
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by Pío Moa, leading Spanish historian about the construction of the monument and the alleged government policy of harassment
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The valley that contains the monument, preserved as a national park, is located 10 km northeast of the royal site of
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https://www.ccma.cat/324/republicans-que-volen-sortir-del-valle-de-los-caidos-continuen-alla-indignament/noticia/2958390/
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was tunnelled out of solid granite, piercing the mountain to the massive transept, which lies exactly below the cross.
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king. The family agreed to the interim Government's request to bury him in the Valley, and has stood by the decision.
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Content in this edit is translated from the existing Spanish Knowledge article at ]; see its history for attribution.
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2935:[Cableway Café at the Valley of the Fallen] (in Spanish). Asociación Para La Defensa Del Valle De Los Caídos
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One of the world's largest basilicas rises above the valley along with the tallest memorial cross in the world. The
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2999:"El Valle de los Caídos aumentó un 33% las visitas en 2018 en plena polémica por la exhumación de Franco"
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Political rallies in celebration of Franco are now banned by the Historical Memory Law, voted on by the
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On 15 March 2019 the government of Pedro Sanchez announced that Franco would be exhumed and reburied at
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is prominently displayed. On entering the basilica, visitors are flanked by two large metal statues of
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2286:"El Gobierno aprueba la exhumación de Franco el 10 de junio y su traslado al cementerio de El Pardo"
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On 29 November 2011 the Expert Commission for the Future of the Valley of the Fallen, formed by the
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1924:[A controversial decision: The indefinite closure of the Valley of the Fallen is ordered].
1922:"Una decisión que traerá polémica: Ordenan el cierre del Valle de los Caídos por tiempo indefinido"
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348:(esplanade) with views of the valley and the outskirts of Madrid in the distance. A long vaulted
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3017:"Las visitas al Valle de los Caídos descendieron un 16% en 2019, año de la exhumación de Franco"
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The monumental sculptures over the main gate and the base of the cross culminated the career of
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sculpture prominently featured at the entrance of the crypt, using hammers and heavy machinery.
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3195:"Manuela Carmena propone cambiar el nombre del "Valle de los Caídos" por el "Valle de la Paz""
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Franco was the second person interred in the Santa Cruz basilica. Franco had earlier interred
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2572:"La Fundación Francisco Franco no convocará más funerales el 20-N en el Valle de los Caídos"
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The charge that the monument site was "like a Nazi concentration camp" refers to the use of
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removed from the church in 2019 as an effort to discourage public veneration of the site.
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The monument, considered a landmark of 20th-century Spanish architecture, was designed by
2819:"The State will earn two million Euros by charging for entry to the Valley of the Fallen"
1955:[The Prior of the Valley of the Fallen: "We are being persecuted like in 1934"].
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2775:"National Heritage calls for a report about the restoration of the Valley of the Fallen"
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This section includes the royal palaces of the Christian and Muslim medieval kingdoms
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absolute majorities in both Spain's lower house, the Congress of Deputies and Senate.
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3319:"Spain: the Valley of the Fallen": includes quote from Franco's decree, 1 April 1940
2797:"El Gobierno acelera el pleno funcionamiento del Valle de los Caídos desde el día 1"
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The memorial sculptures to the fallen at the basilica are works by Spanish sculptor
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2977:"El Valle de los Caídos: un monumento que sobrevive entre la dejadez y las sombras"
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There is also a large reference to this monument and the labourers who built it in
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The Benedictine Abbey of the Holy Cross of the Valley of the Fallen (Spanish:
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Valley of the Fallen: The (N)ever Changing Face of General Franco's Monument
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1723:. Part of the novel's plot is set in the late days of the Francoist Spain.
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2192:(in Spanish). Ministro de la Presidencia. 29 November 2011. Archived from
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2753:"Taliban Socialists decapitate Ávalos' Pietà in the Valley of the Fallen"
1989:"El desmontaje de 'La Piedad' del Valle de los Caídos, a 'mazazo limpio'"
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The monument’s construction and significance is paralleled with that of
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The monument's name is the title of a 1978 novel by the Spanish author
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to the source of your translation. A model attribution edit summary is
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2841:"Patrimonio Nacional sube un 80% las entradas al Valle de Los Caídos"
2731:"The controversial removal of 'La Pietà' Valley of the Fallen begins"
2402:"El Supremo paraliza la exhumación de Franco del Valle de los Caídos"
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in a scene where the protagonist, Carlito Brigante, is setting up an
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in Rome. To avoid competition with the apostle's grave church on the
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2455:"'Spain is fulfilling its duty to itself': Franco's remains exhumed"
2376:"El Tribunal Supremo suspende la exhumación de los restos de Franco"
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2668:"Body of Spain's fascist party founder to be removed from basilica"
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2428:"Franco exhumation: Spain's Supreme Court backs move to cemetery"
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After the dictator's death, the interim Government led by Prince
1953:"El prior del Valle de los Caídos: "Nos persiguen como en 1934""
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on 23 February 1981, to say mass at the reinterment ceremony.
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On 24 October 2019, in the presence of Franco's relatives and
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3369:"Manifesto for historians regarding the Valley of the Fallen"
2187:"Expert Commission on the Future of the Valley of the Fallen"
2161:"Expert Commission on the Future of the Valley of the Fallen"
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held for the repose of the souls of their political leaders.
2350:"El Supremo suspende por unanimidad la exhumación de Franco"
2867:"The PP government wants to close the Valley of the Fallen"
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Abadía Benedictina de la Santa Cruz del Valle de los Caídos
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Association for the Protection of the Valley of the Fallen
3085:""Balada Triste de Trompeta", triste es poco – Extracine"
2843:(in Spanish). Intereconomía. 5 April 2013. Archived from
1872:[The Valley of the Fallen in numbers and dates].
1804:"Fate of Franco's Valley of Fallen reopens Spain wounds"
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Monumento Nacional de Santa Cruz del Valle de los Caidos
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and later wars and peacekeeping missions fought by the
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style, which was intended to form part of a revival of
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3264:"The Battle Over the Memory of the Spanish Civil War"
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Images that show how the sculpture is being destroyed
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It also appears in the 2010 Spanish dark comedy film
2869:(in Spanish). El Confidencial Digital. 26 April 2013
69:
3917:
Buildings and structures in the Community of Madrid
3725:
3572:
3513:
3482:
3426:
3415:
2054:"Luis Antonio Sanguino de Pascual – Alerta Digital"
3897:Monuments and memorials in the Community of Madrid
417:graves, but the dedication written in stone reads
3359:from the architectural website skyscraperpage.com
3163:Pugno, Alessandro; Alonso, Oscar (17 June 2014).
2933:"Cafetería del Funicular del Valle de los Caídos"
313:Basílica de la Santa Cruz del Valle de los Caídos
171:and a monumental memorial in the municipality of
1889:"EL VALLE DE LOS CAÍDOS: UNA NUEVA APROXIMACIÓN"
3778:Palacio de los Capitanes Generales de Guatemala
3342:Fundación Francisco Franco, Valle de los Caídos
3323:Abadía de la Santa Cruz del Valle de los Caídos
2163:(in Spanish). Memoria Histórica. Archived from
3922:Tourist attractions in the Community of Madrid
2799:(in Spanish). elConfidencial.com. 12 June 2012
2541:"Spain's 'monstrosity' remembering Franco era"
1928:(in Spanish). 10 February 2010. Archived from
136:Valle de Cuelgamuros viewed from the esplanade
94:accompanying your translation by providing an
60:Click for important translation instructions.
47:expand this article with text translated from
3393:
2755:(in Spanish). Aragón Liberal. 6 November 2010
2513:"How the Cross of the Fallen was constructed"
2305:"El Supremo paraliza la exhumación de Franco"
1662:
1509:. Although Spanish law prohibited the use of
1319:
8:
3287:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
2145:[A tomb for Franco in Mingorrubio].
1526:as a result of accidents totalled fourteen.
1217:
3813:Palacio de los Gobernadores de Nuevo México
3505:Abbey of Santa María la Real de Las Huelgas
2913:(in Spanish). La Información. 5 August 2012
2711:(in Spanish). Libertad Digital. 14 May 2010
1870:"El Valle de los Caídos en cifras y fechas"
1661:In 2013, Spain saw the release of the film
1384:Exhumation and reburial of Francisco Franco
27:Catholic basilica and a monumental memorial
3937:Francoist monuments and memorials in Spain
3773:Palacio de los Capitanes Generales de Cuba
3423:
3400:
3386:
3378:
2687:"The Valley of the Fallen and the Taliban"
2143:"Una sepultura para Franco en Mingorrubio"
2136:
2134:
1378:Exhumation and removal of Franco's remains
1326:
1312:
566:
239:abbey, a guest house, the Valley, and the
1783:Imperial Route of the Community of Madrid
1120:1947 Spanish law of succession referendum
1104:Ley de Sucesión en la Jefatura del Estado
263:The complex is owned and operated by the
3098:Fernández-Santos, Elsa (20 March 2013).
2955:"Los dos mundos del Valle de los Caídos"
2221:(in Spanish). El Mundo. 29 November 2011
1951:Quesada, Juan Diego (15 November 2010).
1916:
1914:
1488:something like a Nazi concentration camp
397:. The abbey ranks as a Royal Monastery.
131:
3808:Palacio del Gobernador de las Filipinas
3798:Palacio Virreinal de Santa Fé de Bogotá
2570:Ródenas, Virginia (15 September 2008).
1794:
1625:), as a visual homage to the climactic
587:
516:
455:
3912:Monasteries in the community of Madrid
3280:
2891:(in Spanish). Europa Press. 4 May 2013
2079:"Castillo de Sanguino - Luis Sanguino"
3357:Cruz de los Caídos drawings and plans
2777:(in Spanish). El Mundo. 5 August 2012
1887:Moreno Garrido, Belen (2 July 2010).
1554:Closure and reopening of the monument
1093:Army Conscription and Replacement Law
106:{{Translated|es|Valle de los Caídos}}
7:
3469:Alcázar of Seville: Upper Apartments
2821:(in Spanish). El Mundo. 29 July 2012
2733:(in Spanish). Público. 26 April 2010
1150:Francisco Franco National Foundation
788:Assassination of Luis Carrero Blanco
363:On the wrought-iron gates, Franco's
2619:. 16 October 2007. pp. 172–184
2265:. News from Spain. 21 November 2011
2243:(in Spanish). ABC. 30 November 2011
2141:Fraguas, Rafael (16 October 2010).
1602:The Valle de los Caídos appears in
1490:to stop being a nostalgic place of
1125:1966 Spanish organic law referendum
3788:Palacio del Fuerte de Buenos Aires
2547:. 17 November 2005. Archived from
2263:"Spanish General Election Results"
1677:Festival de Málaga de Cine Español
981:Art and culture in Francoist Spain
679:Instituto Nacional de Colonización
344:. The monument consists of a wide
25:
3587:Alcázar of the Caliphs of Córdoba
3521:Casita del Príncipe (El Escorial)
2463:Guardian News & Media Limited
2303:Junquera, Natalia (4 June 2019).
1802:Rainsford, Sarah (19 July 2011).
1088:Law of Political Responsibilities
3907:Benedictine monasteries in Spain
3830:
3829:
3592:Alcázar of the Catholic Monarchs
3563:
3353:: visitor information and photos
3165:"Synopsis All'ombra della croce"
2511:Vidal, César (22 October 2000).
2484:"Spain reclaims Franco's shrine"
2284:Cué, Carlos E. (15 March 2019).
2081:. 24 August 2014. Archived from
1390:Spanish Socialist Workers' Party
1293:
1281:
1271:
1270:
637:National Council of the Movement
595:
570:
546:
531:
519:
494:
482:
470:
458:
34:
3803:Palacio del Gobernador de Agaña
3490:Convent of Las Descalzas Reales
3344:: from Franco's Memorial Trust
3065:"The Last Circus — Film Review"
1028:Gender roles in Francoist Spain
793:Spanish transition to democracy
707:Sindicato Español Universitario
686:Instituto Nacional de Industria
3526:Casita del Príncipe (El Pardo)
3262:Costa, Alex W. Palmer,Matías.
3132:"The school that Franco built"
3130:Kassam, Ashifa (25 May 2013).
2689:(in Spanish). Libertad Digital
2453:Jones, Sam (24 October 2019).
1739:The monument is referenced in
1233:Latin Bloc (proposed alliance)
432:One of the two shields of the
104:You may also add the template
1:
3005:(in Spanish). 3 January 2019.
1876:(in Spanish). 24 August 2018.
1576:2011 Spanish general election
1098:Fundamental Laws of the Realm
1033:Motherhood in Francoist Spain
999:Censorship in Francoist Spain
748:Francoist concentration camps
642:Spanish Syndical Organization
3758:Edificio de las Casas reales
2685:Pío Moa (14 February 2010).
2666:Jones, Sam (23 April 2023).
1961:(in Spanish). Archived from
1598:General view of the monument
1394:José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero
1364:José Antonio Primo de Rivera
947:Economy of Spain (1939-1959)
714:Servicio Exterior de Falange
419:Caídos por Dios y por España
278:José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero
197:Universidad Laboral de Gijón
3692:Royal Palace of Tordesillas
3551:Colegio de Doncellas Nobles
3536:Pantheon of Illustrious Men
1446:¡Viva España! ¡Viva Franco!
1228:Francoist language policies
229:Esposizione Universale Roma
3958:
3887:Basilica churches in Spain
3702:Palacio Real de Valladolid
3459:La Granja de San Ildefonso
3317:WAIS Forum on Spain, 2003:
1893:Revista de Historia Actual
1847:Boletín Oficial del Estado
1778:Burial of Ferdinand Marcos
1467:
1381:
1203:Lost children of Francoism
1082:Francoist electoral regime
1048:Revisionist historiography
924:Torcuato Fernández-Miranda
768:First Francoist government
173:San Lorenzo de El Escorial
68:Machine translation, like
3826:
3687:Royal Palace of Pedralbes
3682:Royal Palace of Perpignan
3612:Castle Alcázar of Segorbe
3561:
3495:Convent of La Encarnación
2617:Congreso de los Diputados
2408:(in Spanish). 4 June 2019
2382:(in Spanish). 3 June 2019
2356:(in Spanish). 4 June 2019
1695:In 2016, Mayor of Madrid
1629:in the Hitchcock classic
1623:Balada triste de trompeta
1396:on 27 May 2011 under the
1359:basilica's construction.
1160:National Alliance July 18
929:Raimundo Fernández-Cuesta
753:Spain during World War II
733:Spanish coup of July 1936
693:Fuerzas Armadas de España
672:Tribunal de Orden Público
563:Franco's tomb (1975–2019)
547:Franco's tomb (1975–2019)
359:Coat of arms of the Abbey
296:Central Nave of the Crypt
288:Basilica, cross and abbey
148:), formerly known as the
49:the corresponding article
3818:Royal Palace of Brussels
3717:Valldemossa Charterhouse
3363:The Valley of the Fallen
1750:The monument appears in
1726:The monument appears in
1110:Organic Law of the State
164:. The valley contains a
156:), is a monument in the
3707:Royal Alcázar of Madrid
3672:Royal Palace of Estella
3657:Palacio de la Magdalena
3546:Convent of Santa Isabel
2610:Boletín Oficial de las
2292:– via elpais.com.
2107:(in Spanish). Team VKi2
1850:(in Spanish) (93): 2240
1377:
1288:Conservatism portal
1248:Second Spanish Republic
957:Second Development Plan
758:Spain and the Holocaust
538:Prudence and Temperance
374:angels holding swords.
115:For more guidance, see
3743:Royal Palace of Naples
3541:Convent of San Pascual
3500:Convent of Santa Clara
3333:El Valle de los Caídos
3231:El Valle de los Caídos
3108:(in Spanish). Madrid:
3070:The Hollywood Reporter
2580:(in Spanish). Madrid:
2313:(in Spanish). Madrid:
2105:"The Monumental Cross"
1673:A la Sombra de la Cruz
1672:
1663:
1599:
1580:Royal Palace of Madrid
1548:Saint Isidore Cemetery
1218:
1165:National Union (Spain)
1053:Sociological Francoism
962:Third Development Plan
952:First Development Plan
564:
556:
445:
437:
386:
360:
308:
297:
137:
3793:Palacio Real de Quito
3677:Royal Palace of Olite
3365:: History and Photos.
2545:European Jewish Press
2058:www.alertadigital.com
1664:All'Ombra Della Croce
1597:
1543:Democratic Memory Law
1518:" ("work ennobles").
1468:Further information:
1412:2011 General Election
1398:Historical Memory Law
1392:(PSOE) government of
1366:, the founder of the
1220:Euskadi Ta Askatasuna
562:
554:
443:
431:
358:
303:
295:
274:Historical Memory Law
142:Valley of Cuelgamuros
135:
117:Knowledge:Translation
88:copyright attribution
3863:40.64194°N 4.15528°W
3748:Palazzo dei Normanni
3667:Palacio de la Ribera
3351:Valley of the Fallen
3268:Smithsonian Magazine
3100:"Franco's choirboys"
2031:on 23 September 2010
1745:Fountains of Silence
1627:Mount Rushmore scene
1535:Congress of Deputies
1516:el trabajo ennoblece
1470:Symbols of Francoism
1419:Mingorrubio Cemetery
1344:Carlos Arias Navarro
1258:Valley of the Fallen
1213:Diplomatic relations
1115:Political Reform Act
1075:Laws and referendums
1058:Symbols of Francoism
904:Carlos Arias Navarro
851:National Catholicism
666:General Police Corps
648:Frente de Juventudes
632:Council of the Realm
511:The Cardinal Virtues
401:Valley of the Fallen
324:St. Peter's Basilica
158:Sierra de Guadarrama
150:Valley of the Fallen
146:Valle de Cuelgamuros
3892:Mausoleums in Spain
3859: /
3652:Palace of Charles V
3419:Patrimonio Nacional
3409:Spanish Royal sites
3325:: Official Website
3299:(CCC Press, 2013).
3144:on 13 November 2014
3031:Morgan, Ricahard K.
2847:on 19 February 2014
2646:(subscription only)
2491:(subscription only)
2434:. 24 September 2019
1932:on 16 February 2010
1926:Diario de la Sierra
1560:Patrimonio Nacional
1342:and Prime Minister
1009:Eagle of Saint John
899:Luis Carrero Blanco
866:Spanish nationalism
861:Spanish irredentism
619:Movimiento Nacional
603:Eagle of Saint John
526:Courage and Justice
368:double-headed eagle
265:Patrimonio Nacional
154:Valle de los Caídos
3927:Monumental crosses
3868:40.64194; -4.15528
3783:Palacio de Pizarro
3763:Palacio del Virrey
3712:Torre de la Parada
3647:Monastery of Yuste
3607:Buen Retiro Palace
3582:Alcázar of Segovia
3531:Casita del Infante
3416:Royal sites of the
3227:Rojas Vila, Carlos
3073:. 14 October 2010.
2551:on 24 January 2010
1685:The Queen of Spain
1632:North by Northwest
1600:
1590:In popular culture
1558:In November 2009,
1474:Pact of Forgetting
1238:Pact of Forgetting
1175:Spanish Solidarity
773:Stabilization Plan
661:Armed Police Corps
565:
557:
446:
438:
361:
309:
298:
219:as exemplified by
138:
96:interlanguage link
3942:Victory monuments
3902:Spanish Civil War
3842:
3841:
3765:(present-day the
3697:Palau Reial Major
3617:Castle of Bellver
3559:
3558:
3295:Stockey, Gareth.
3235:Ediciones Destino
3050:978-0-345-45768-4
3019:. 5 January 2020.
2167:on 2 January 2014
2085:on 24 August 2014
1987:(23 April 2010).
1835:Franco, Francisco
1721:Carlos Rojas Vila
1682:In the 2016 film
1644:Monsignor Quixote
1565:Buddhas of Bamyan
1410:(PP) won for the
1336:
1335:
1198:Hispanic eugenics
988:Cantos nacionales
738:Spanish Civil War
626:FET y de las JONS
434:Catholic Monarchs
391:Spanish Civil War
128:
127:
61:
57:
16:(Redirected from
3949:
3932:Francisco Franco
3874:
3873:
3871:
3870:
3869:
3864:
3860:
3857:
3856:
3855:
3852:
3833:
3832:
3637:Madinat al-Zahra
3622:Castle of Burgos
3567:
3424:
3402:
3395:
3388:
3379:
3374:
3347:
3338:
3328:
3292:
3286:
3278:
3276:
3274:
3249:
3248:
3223:
3217:
3216:
3214:
3212:
3205:Unidad Editorial
3191:
3185:
3184:
3182:
3180:
3171:. Archived from
3160:
3154:
3153:
3151:
3149:
3140:. Archived from
3127:
3121:
3120:
3118:
3116:
3095:
3089:
3088:
3081:
3075:
3074:
3061:
3055:
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3007:
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2989:
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2749:
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2738:
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2696:
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2682:
2676:
2675:
2663:
2657:
2656:
2654:
2652:
2635:
2629:
2628:
2626:
2624:
2612:Cortes Generales
2607:
2599:
2593:
2592:
2590:
2588:
2567:
2561:
2560:
2558:
2556:
2537:
2531:
2530:
2528:
2526:
2518:Libertad Digital
2508:
2502:
2501:
2499:
2497:
2480:
2474:
2473:
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2469:
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2444:
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2417:
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2392:
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2389:
2387:
2372:
2366:
2365:
2363:
2361:
2346:
2340:
2339:
2338:. 20 March 2019.
2332:
2326:
2325:
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2321:
2300:
2294:
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2259:
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2250:
2248:
2237:
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2215:
2209:
2208:
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2198:
2191:
2183:
2177:
2176:
2174:
2172:
2157:
2151:
2150:
2138:
2129:
2123:
2117:
2116:
2114:
2112:
2101:
2095:
2094:
2092:
2090:
2075:
2069:
2068:
2066:
2064:
2050:
2044:
2043:
2038:
2036:
2027:. Archived from
2017:
2011:
2010:
2008:
2006:
1999:Unidad Editorial
1981:
1975:
1974:
1972:
1970:
1948:
1942:
1941:
1939:
1937:
1918:
1909:
1908:
1884:
1878:
1877:
1866:
1860:
1859:
1857:
1855:
1843:
1837:(2 April 1940).
1831:
1825:
1824:
1822:
1820:
1799:
1666:
1604:Richard Morgan's
1368:Falange movement
1328:
1321:
1314:
1300:Spain portal
1298:
1297:
1296:
1286:
1285:
1284:
1274:
1273:
1223:
1038:Francoist mottos
894:Francisco Franco
871:Spanish unionism
831:Authoritarianism
700:Cortes Españolas
655:Sección Femenina
599:
574:
567:
555:Virgen de Loreto
535:
523:
498:
486:
474:
462:
180:Francisco Franco
107:
101:
74:Google Translate
59:
55:
38:
37:
30:
21:
3957:
3956:
3952:
3951:
3950:
3948:
3947:
3946:
3877:
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3867:
3865:
3861:
3858:
3853:
3850:
3848:
3846:
3845:
3843:
3838:
3822:
3767:National Palace
3727:
3721:
3627:Del Real Palace
3574:
3568:
3555:
3509:
3478:
3417:
3411:
3406:
3372:
3345:
3336:
3326:
3313:
3279:
3272:
3270:
3261:
3258:
3256:Further reading
3253:
3252:
3245:
3225:
3224:
3220:
3210:
3208:
3207:. 31 March 2016
3193:
3192:
3188:
3178:
3176:
3175:on 17 June 2013
3162:
3161:
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3147:
3145:
3129:
3128:
3124:
3114:
3112:
3097:
3096:
3092:
3083:
3082:
3078:
3063:
3062:
3058:
3051:
3043:. p. 227.
3029:
3028:
3024:
3015:
3014:
3010:
2997:
2996:
2992:
2982:
2980:
2979:. 29 April 2018
2975:
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2800:
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2707:
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2702:
2692:
2690:
2684:
2683:
2679:
2665:
2664:
2660:
2650:
2648:
2639:"Unknown Title"
2637:
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2584:
2569:
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2222:
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2200:
2196:
2189:
2185:
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2180:
2170:
2168:
2159:
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2140:
2139:
2132:
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2110:
2108:
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2102:
2098:
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2077:
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2052:
2051:
2047:
2034:
2032:
2019:
2018:
2014:
2004:
2002:
1983:
1982:
1978:
1968:
1966:
1965:on 29 July 2012
1950:
1949:
1945:
1935:
1933:
1920:
1919:
1912:
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1881:
1868:
1867:
1863:
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1841:
1833:
1832:
1828:
1818:
1816:
1801:
1800:
1796:
1791:
1774:
1697:Manuela Carmena
1690:Antonio Resines
1652:Victoria Hislop
1618:The Last Circus
1592:
1556:
1476:
1466:
1442:Dolores Delgado
1403:Primo de Rivera
1386:
1380:
1332:
1294:
1292:
1282:
1280:
1263:
1262:
1208:Carlo-francoism
1188:
1180:
1179:
1138:
1130:
1129:
1076:
1068:
1067:
1063:Yoke and arrows
1022:El Generalísimo
975:
967:
966:
942:
934:
933:
889:
881:
880:
816:Anti-liberalism
806:
798:
797:
778:Spanish miracle
763:First Francoism
728:
720:
719:
613:
600:
549:
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539:
536:
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450:The evangelists
436:, on the façade
403:
320:Pope John XXIII
290:
276:enacted during
269:social democrat
245:Christian cross
206:Juan de Herrera
124:
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105:
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3311:External links
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3203:(in Spanish).
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3169:Punto de Vista
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2199:on 4 July 2013
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1752:Edwin Torres's
1710:’s 1975 novel
1708:Carlos Fuentes
1641:'s 1982 novel
1609:Altered Carbon
1591:
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1574:Following the
1555:
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1499:convict labour
1465:
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1454:Antonio Tejero
1425:with his wife
1382:Main article:
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192:Pedro Muguruza
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1193:Blue Division
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1137:Neo-Francoism
1134:
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856:Pan-Hispanism
854:
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849:
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844:
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839:
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834:
832:
829:
827:
826:Anti-semitism
824:
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612:Organizations
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52:
50:
45:You can help
41:
32:
31:
19:
3844:
3738:Castel Nuovo
3729:Sub-national
3474:La Almudaina
3373:(in Spanish)
3346:(in Spanish)
3337:(in Spanish)
3327:(in Spanish)
3296:
3271:. Retrieved
3267:
3230:
3221:
3209:. Retrieved
3198:
3189:
3177:. Retrieved
3173:the original
3168:
3158:
3146:. Retrieved
3142:the original
3135:
3125:
3113:. Retrieved
3103:
3093:
3079:
3068:
3059:
3035:
3025:
3011:
3002:
2993:
2981:. Retrieved
2971:
2959:. Retrieved
2949:
2937:. Retrieved
2927:
2915:. Retrieved
2905:
2893:. Retrieved
2883:
2871:. Retrieved
2861:
2849:. Retrieved
2845:the original
2835:
2823:. Retrieved
2813:
2801:. Retrieved
2791:
2779:. Retrieved
2769:
2757:. Retrieved
2747:
2735:. Retrieved
2725:
2713:. Retrieved
2703:
2691:. Retrieved
2680:
2672:The Guardian
2671:
2661:
2649:. Retrieved
2644:Times Online
2642:
2633:
2621:. Retrieved
2609:
2597:
2585:. Retrieved
2575:
2565:
2553:. Retrieved
2549:the original
2544:
2535:
2523:. Retrieved
2521:(in Spanish)
2516:
2506:
2494:. Retrieved
2489:Times Online
2487:
2478:
2466:. Retrieved
2459:The Guardian
2458:
2448:
2438:24 September
2436:. Retrieved
2431:
2422:
2410:. Retrieved
2405:
2396:
2384:. Retrieved
2379:
2370:
2358:. Retrieved
2353:
2344:
2330:
2318:. Retrieved
2308:
2298:
2289:
2279:
2267:. Retrieved
2257:
2245:. Retrieved
2235:
2223:. Retrieved
2213:
2201:. Retrieved
2194:the original
2181:
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3662:El Quexigal
3483:Monasteries
3439:El Escorial
3273:25 February
2412:25 February
2386:25 February
2360:25 February
1754:1975 novel
1704:El Escorial
1606:2002 novel
1584:El Escorial
1550:in Madrid.
1507:time served
1484:Jaume Bosch
1464:Controversy
1450:Carmen Polo
1427:Carmen Polo
1340:Juan Carlos
1015:El Caudillo
994:Cara al Sol
411:Nationalist
407:El Escorial
377:There is a
305:Benedictine
258:time served
237:Benedictine
210:El Escorial
3881:Categories
3851:40°38′31″N
3632:Generalife
3244:8423309592
2468:24 October
2461:. Madrid:
2310:elpais.com
1789:References
1656:The Return
1621:(Spanish:
1492:pilgrimage
1353:high altar
919:Blas Piñar
909:Juan Yagüe
846:Monarchism
841:Militarism
501:St Matthew
415:Republican
217:classicism
152:(Spanish:
144:(Spanish:
51:in Spanish
3854:4°09′19″W
3602:Aljafería
2983:24 August
2961:24 August
1905:1697-3305
1899:(8): 32.
1762:informant
1730:'s novel
1728:Dan Brown
1503:reduction
1480:The Times
1155:New Force
836:Falangism
589:Francoism
444:The cross
379:funicular
346:explanada
318:In 1960,
225:Mussolini
202:Herrerian
110:talk page
3836:Category
3597:Alhambra
3454:Aranjuez
3448:Zarzuela
3444:El Pardo
3283:cite web
3229:(1978).
3200:El Mundo
3033:(2002).
2432:BBC News
2406:La Razón
2320:15 March
2005:26 April
1994:El Mundo
1936:26 April
1874:El Mundo
1809:BBC News
1772:See also
1688:, actor
1654:'s book
1423:El Pardo
1276:Category
805:Ideology
581:a series
579:Part of
372:art deco
241:Juanelos
177:Dictator
169:basilica
166:Catholic
86:provide
3464:Riofrío
3211:14 June
3179:29 July
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3105:El País
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2582:Vocento
2555:20 June
2525:29 July
2496:29 July
2380:ELMUNDO
2290:El País
2269:29 July
2247:29 July
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2203:29 July
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2147:El País
2111:29 July
2035:20 June
1969:29 July
1958:El País
1854:20 June
1819:20 June
1669:Spanish
1569:Taliban
1567:by the
1482:quoted
974:Culture
941:Economy
727:History
489:St Mark
477:St Luke
465:St John
254:pesetas
249:granite
214:fascist
160:, near
108:to the
90:in the
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3726:Former
3573:Former
3434:Madrid
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2063:5 July
1903:
1764:for a
1733:Origin
1144:Búnker
888:People
162:Madrid
3731:seats
3514:Other
3110:Prisa
2606:(PDF)
2315:Prisa
2197:(PDF)
2190:(PDF)
1842:(PDF)
1224:(ETA)
1043:No-Do
350:crypt
307:Abbey
282:Pietà
70:DeepL
3301:ISBN
3289:link
3275:2021
3239:ISBN
3213:2016
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