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491:. Nevertheless, despite his formal membership in the Jewish Democratic Committee, Moses Rosen tried to keep a distance from the policy of the leaders of the Committee (Bercu Feldman, H. Leibovici-Şerban, Israel Bacalu etc.) who desired to encourage a Jewish secular culture in Yiddish on account of the Hebrew religious and secular one, to satisfy the ideology of the Communist regime. The reserved attitude of Moses Rosen vis-a-vis the political and cultural line of the Jewish Democratic Committee proved to be the right diplomacy. In March 1953, the regime, again inspired by Moscow, decided to rid itself from the Committee and led to its "voluntary" dissolution. The press organ of the Committee, "Unirea" was closed.
742:: "I have no enemies, I have no friends, I have interests," and added "I succeeded in convincing the Romanian Government that, by doing good to the Jews, by meting out justice to them, it could obtain advantages in matters of favourable public opinion, trade relations, political sympathies... The 'business transaction' was profitable to both sides." Millions of Jews, he wrote, were living "in Eastern Europe, in a socialist society. No matter if one likes this or not, it represents a reality... Can they, somehow remain Jewish? The answer given by the past 40 years of the life led by a Jewish community in socialist Romania is categorical and irrefutable.
312:. At the same time, he began his studies at the Viennese Rabbinical Seminary. For economic reasons, he had to return to Romania, and this time, despite hardships, he succeeded in finishing his studies at the Faculty of Law and got his license (Dr. Juris) in 1935. He then began his two-year military service in the town of Fălticeni, most of the time as military rabbi and confessor. In 1937, he returned to Vienna to resume his Rabbinical studies, where he learned with rabbi Alter Dorf (Gornik) who came from Sadagura. The
451:. At his turn, following the same procedure, Moses Rosen was demanded to preach at the inauguration of a craftsmen cooperative on basis of other pericope. On June 20, 1948, Moses Rosen, as winner of the contest, was installed as "Rav Kolel" in Romania, at a ceremony in the Choral Temple, in the presence of many officials, among them the vice-president of the Great National Assembly (the Romanian parliament under the communist regime),
435:. Under the supervision of the Jewish Democratic Committee, the rabbis and the communities representatives from all around Romania met in Bucharest on June 16, 1948, and elected by secret vote Dr Moses Rosen as the new Chief Rabbi instead of Alexandru Şafran who was accused as a traitor who "abandoned" his "sheep and goats".
483:, Switzerland, following Moscow's directives, the Romanian communist regime disconnected totally the Jews of Romania from the other Jewish communities in the world for a period of eight years. In those difficult circumstances the diplomatic mission in Bucharest of the newly founded Jewish state of Israel remained active.
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As leader of the Jewish religious institutions, Rabbi Rosen was submitted to the control of the
Communist authorities which in the 1950s ran a very harsh policy against expressions of Jewish national feeling, especially Zionism, Hebrew culture and Jewish religion. There was some tolerance, but mostly
577:
in order to benefit economically and politically. In fact, even earlier, since the 1950s Israel and western Jewish organizations were ready to help economically the
Romanian state for the opening of the emigration gates. This time, during the 1970s and 1980s, they were also allowed to help the local
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After the big waves of Jewish emigration permitted by the
Communist Party in the years 1947–1952 and again in the first years of the 1960s, approximately 40,000 Jews have remained in Romania (in 1956 they were 146,000 as per the official census). The Ceauşescu regime decided to strengthen Romania's
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The activity of Rabbi Rosen in those years, with the silent approval of the regime, from encouraging the emigration to Israel, to the study of the Hebrew language and Jewish traditions and values, to managing the social work network for the Jewish population, won esteem among the Jewish leaders in
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in USSR, the
Communist authorities in Romania decided to use the good offices of the leaderships of the different religious faiths in Romania, including those of religious minorities, in order to improve their image in the world and to improve Romania's economic relations with other countries.
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in May 1938 forced him to leave soon after. He returned to
Romania, where he received his ordination in 1939, from some of the greatest rabbis of the country: Haim Rabinovici, Baruh Glanz, Moses Berger, members of the Rabbinical Council of Bucharest and from the chief rabbi of Romania, dr
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representatives and others) which was hated by the new government. He was ordered to leave
Romania within 2–3 hours. The Communist party, which meanwhile changed its name to "Romanian Workers Party" (Partidul Muncitoresc Român) imposed on the Jews a new ethnic organization called the
459:, persecuted and imprisoned for several years for his Zionist convictions. After his liberation, he was allowed in the end to emigrate to Israel, where he wrote many books, in many of them giving a very negative opinion about Moses Rosen, the "Red rabbi" ("Rabinul roşu").
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parliament (the Great
National Assembly), a position he held through the Communist regime, and after 1989, in the democratic parliament. In the 1980s, the Romanian authorities allowed him to receive Israeli nationality and he was elected president of the Council of the
1031:/ Potentielle Mörder warten auf ihre Chance. „Die systematische Vernichtung der Ostjuden begann in Rumänien.“ Ein Mahnmal im Hof des Tempels für 300.000 jüdische Opfer des Antonescu-Regimes. In: Allgemeine Jüdische Wochenzeitung (Bonn), nr. 46/23, 6.6.1991, pag. 11.
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The rival of Moses Rosen in this election was Dr David Şafran, a nephew of the former chief rabbi, known as fervent
Zionist activist. Following the item written on the scrap of paper he had pulled out, David Şafran had to give a sample of sermon about the fight for
308:, in 1931 the young Moses Rosen entered the Law faculty in the University of Bucharest. But the antisemitic atmosphere, which dominated university life in the Romanian capital at that time, caused him to stop his law studies there and to continue them in
735:. In return Rosen praised Ceauşescu in the West, undoubtedly contributing to the Romanian chief's reputation as a benign Communist leader. What didn't become clear until later was that he was extorting a princely sum for his leniency toward the Jews."
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In 1956, the year when many of the
Zionist activists were freed from the Romanian prisons, the authorities allowed Rabbi Rosen to take part again in Jewish meetings and conferences abroad. The first occasion was the contact with the Chief Rabbi of
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for Jews was reestablished and Moses Rosen advanced on the steps of the rabbinical hierarchy in
Bucharest. He became the head of the religion department of the Jewish community, was elected as member in the Rabbinate Council and as rabbi of the
750:"Our 'balance-sheet' proves that, without making any noise, demonstrations or rows, we have succeeded in making Romania's interests correspond to ours..." He also wrote proudly of the fact the Jews who had left Romania had overwhelmingly made
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In 1948, the Rabbinical Council of Romanian Jews led by Moses Rosen was coerced to sign a declaration of condemnation of the so-called "Zionist activity" of the former Chief Rabbi Dr. Alexandru Şafran, who was meanwhile elected Chief Rabbi of
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Rabbi Rosen, who always felt like a proud Jew, while still being well acquainted with Romanian culture, became one of Romania's non-official "ambassadors" on the international scene. (As did other minority religious leaders, for example the
727:, "From Rosen's viewpoint, anything he could do to help Romania's Jews was legitimate. So he became as close to Ceauşescu as he could-in the name of preserving Jewish life in Romania and keeping the exit doors open. After the
406:, was deported from Romania by the new Communist leadership of the country, which was installed under the pressure of the Soviet occupation force. Rabbi Şafran was considered too close to the Royal family and to the old "
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In the 1980s in his opposition to antisemitism and xenophobic trends which were sometimes encouraged by Ceauşescu himself, Rabbi Rosen dared to raise his voice even against some protégés of the regime, like the poet
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or the Legionnaires, the Romanian extreme right, came to the power, Moses Rosen was arrested under the charge of being "Communist" and deported to an internment camp in
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Since 1957, Chief Rabbi Rosen, following a renewed tradition existing during the pre-Fascist epoch, was elected member of the Romanian Parliament, representing a
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language. Openly opposing the regime, which used Stalinist terror methods, would have attracted cruel individual and collective repression and revenge measures.
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357:, Rosen was discharged and fulfilled a part-time job as rabbi in two synagogues in Bucharest – "Reshit Daat" and "Beit El". Meanwhile, he also taught
671:. In the same spirit, he maintained very good relations with the Armenian bishop of Bucharest, who later became the Patriarch Catholicos of Armenia,
1038:/ Gedenken an die Opfer des rumänischen Holocaust / Rechtsextremisten im Kommen. In: Jüdische Zeitung (Munich), an. 7, nr. 6/91, 25.7.1991, pag. 3.
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between 1948–1994 and president of the Federation of Jewish Communities of Romania between 1964 and 1994. He led the community through the entire
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Moses Rosen added to his functions that of the chairman of the Federation of the Jewish Communities of Romania and kept it until his death.
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In 1979 he founded, again with the permission of the Romanian regime, the Museum of the history of the Romanian Jews, in the building of "
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canteens, medical and social assistance to ill and needy. A Jewish cultural life also flourished, with summer camps for the Jewish youth,
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and Hebrew. It was the sole Hebrew periodical regularly printed in the entire communist world, for over 30 years. The prestigious scholar
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On one occasion, the chief rabbi of England, Sir Immanuel Jakobowitz expressed his enthusiastic admiration for Rosen's achievements.
253:" synagogue and was one of the most esteemed rabbis. Through the mediation of his son-in-law, the rabbi dr Wolf (Zeev) Gottlieb from
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Gespräch mit Dr. Moses Rosen, dem Oberrabbiner Rumäniens. In: Jüdische Zeitung (Munich), an. 7, nr. 4/5, 10.5.1991, pag. 3–4.
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who edited posthumously, and without adequate critic notes, some controversial articles of the Romanian national great poet,
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The position of Rabbi Rosen got strengthened following the change in the Romanian foreign policy after 1964. The regime of
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Dangers, tests and miracles: the remarkable life story of Chief Rabbi Rosen of Romania as told to Joseph Finkelstone
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with his family and whole community. Moses Rosen's sister, Betty Bracha Rosen married the future chief rabbi of
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Veha-seneh enenu ukal: zikhronot mi-tekufot ha-ma'avak le-hatsalat Yehude Romanyah me-et David Mosheh Rozen
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Teşu Solomonovici – article about the Jewish Democratic Committee in the Romanian journal "Ziua",9.22.2007
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His elder half-brother (from the first marriage of his father) Eliyahu Rosen, was rabbi of the Jews in the
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and the minister of religious affairs, Stanciu Stoian. Rabbi David Şafran became a victim of the Communist
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Oberrabbiner Moses Rosen spricht in Bukarest von einer bedauerlichen Identifikation der Rumänen mit Hitler
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Jewish activist". After the coup of August 23, 1944, which brought Romania to abandon the alliance with
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Jewish communal life. With the authorization of the regime and with the help (after 1967) of the
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In the 1970s he participated in the efforts of the Bucharest regime to obtain the status of
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After having been allowed during June 27 – July 6, 1948, to take part in the meeting of the
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Gefahren, Versuchungen, Wunder. Zu einem Erinnerungsband von Oberrabbiner Dr. Moses Rosen.
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Erwachen nach einem halben Jahrhundert. Ein Volk wird mit seinen Verbrechen konfrontiert
814:. Jews are a very easy scapegoat... I advise every Jew who can do so, to go to Israel."
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281:, 1920). Moses Rosen lived in Fălticeni for at least part of his childhood. He learned
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Der Holocaust begann in Rumänien. „Eine Kerze, die in diesem Land langsam erlischt“.
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relations with Israel and with the Jewish communities of the world, especially the
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507:, Kurt Wilhelm. The same year, in October 1956, Rosen was authorized to found "
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In: David. Jüdische Kulturzeitschrift (Viena), an. 5, nr. 16, 4/1993, pag. 25.
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In this connection Rabbi Rosen, in his short 1987 piece "The Recipe", quoted
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and continued in that role after the restoration of democracy following the
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The face of survival : Jewish life in Eastern Europe past and present
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His first job as rabbi was in a small synagogue in the Mahala quarter of
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the world, who praised him for his leadership and diplomatic abilities.
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Die jiddische Kultur im Schatten der Diktaturen—Israil Bercovici
794:, Romania's leader during the period when it had been allied with the
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In December 1947 the much esteemed Romanian Chief Rabbi in office, Dr
1045:, Makhon leHantzahat Yahadut Galitzia, Yerushaliyim, 1990 (ebraică) (
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Rosen, Moses (1992). "Epilogue: The Recipe". In Riff, Michael (ed.).
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Rabbi Rosen was married since 1949 to Amalia, born Ruckenstein, from
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an entire network of institution was founded, such as old-age homes,
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were interested in increasing the independence of their country from
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The Face of Survival: Jewish Life in Eastern Europe Past and Present
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language courses, series of concerts and lectures on Jewish themes.
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in a Jewish school. The entering of Romania in the war against the
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1212:"Moses Rosen, 81; Romanian Rabbi Helped Thousands Flee Communism"
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In: Neuer Weg (Bucharest), an. 42, nr. 12673, 3.3.1990, pag. 1–2.
758:. They did not 'lose their way' heading for other continents..."
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constituency (then still with a rather large Jewish population).
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and moved there with the whole family. He used to preach in the "
635:
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and other religious law works of him were edited and printed in
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to Israel: "More than 90 per cent of the Romanian Jews reached
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who became one of his country's speakers during his visits in
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in his last days and then the new Romanian Communist leaders,
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Moses Rosen on the site of the Jewish community of Fălticeni
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showed him to be "one of the staunchest leaders of the anti-
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Moshe Rosen lecturing on the status of Jews in Romania, 1979
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President of the Federation of Jewish Communities of Romania
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with his father for many years, and studied at the local
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Criticism of his relationship with Communist authorities
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Enciclopedia rabinilor și învățaților evrei din Galiția
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After Stalin's death and later, after the beginning of
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Leader of Judaism in Romania in the years of Stalinism
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origin. In 1916, his father became rabbi in another
802:, and continued to advocate emigration to Israel: "
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1109:(1992, in Romanian). Editura Hasefer, Bucharest,
723:magazine wrote in 2000 of the "alliance" between
778:which were not favorable towards Jewish people.
731:Romania did not break diplomatic relations with
679:is named after Rabbi Rosen and his wife Amalia.
534:Activity and leadership in the years 1960s–1980s
398:Election as Chief Rabbi of Romanian Jewry – 1948
304:After having passed the state maturity exams in
569:, and to develop good relations with the West.
301:charges. He was granted amnesty after a month.
819:In 1992, he became an honorary member of the
221:He was born on July 23, 1912, in the town of
8:
645:for Romania's trade relations with the USA.
184:) (July 23, 1912 – May 6, 1994) was
1171:
50:
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1091:, revision of the English translation by
345:. But, after September 6, 1940, when the
1280:Honorary members of the Romanian Academy
1087:(1973), Translated from the Romanian by
237:Avraham Arie Leib Rosen (1870–1951), of
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922:
870:Collection of "Revista Cultului Mozaic"
687:According to Elvira Groezinger, in the
410:" leadership of the Romanian Jews (the
1275:Members of the Great National Assembly
967:. London: Valentine Mitchell. p.
1095:. International Library, Washington,
1081:(1988, in Hebrew). Ari'el, Jerusalem.
427:, somehow an imitation of the former
337:. Then, in May 1940 he was appointed
200:. In 1957, he became a deputy in the
7:
1123:. (1993, in Hebrew) Sham, Jerusalem.
297:, was arrested and judged for false
1085:The paper bridge; essays on Judaism
1043:Entziklopedia shel hakhmey Galitzia
709:campaigns, and one who praised the
691:era, Rabbi Rosen's articles in the
329:Activity as young rabbi in Romania
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1000:Members of the Romanian Academy
648:In March 1979, Rabbi Rosen and
373:as a suspected "left wing" or "
834:. The couple had no children.
604:" Jewish Temple in Bucharest.
468:limited to the culture in the
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66:Chief Rabbi of Romanian Jewry
1255:20th-century Romanian rabbis
770:and the literary historian
580:Joint Distribution Committee
392:Great Synagogue of Bucharest
788:Romanian Revolution of 1989
425:Jewish Democratic Committee
198:Romanian Revolution of 1989
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1107:Eseuri biblice. Ed. a 2-a.
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887:(2003, in German), Philo,
325:, dr. Abraham Jacob Mark.
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1138:, London, 1992, 215-222,
782:After the 1989 Revolution
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1270:Romanian Orthodox rabbis
912:List of Jewish Romanians
654:Romanian Orthodox Church
385:antisemitic regime, the
194:Communist era in Romania
188:(Rav Kolel) of Romanian
30:Not to be confused with
1260:Chief rabbis of Romania
1160:Weidenfeld and Nicolson
878:English-language review
810:propaganda... plays on
806:is very strong here...
509:Revista Cultului Mozaic
321:and the chief rabbi of
319:Jacob Itzhak Niemirower
1265:Modern Orthodox rabbis
1185:Chief Rabbi of Romania
901:Rosen (disambiguation)
849:) and perished in the
656:, jointly sponsored a
638:and Muslim countries)
555:Gheorghe Gheorghiu-Dej
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412:Union of Romanian Jews
381:and put an end to the
207:Jewish Diaspora Museum
675:. A public square in
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477:World Jewish Congress
355:General Ion Antonescu
229:, the son of a known
225:, in the district of
1285:People from Moinești
764:Corneliu Vadim Tudor
643:Most favoured nation
265:Publishing House in
176:(known in Hebrew as
1041:Rabbi Meir Wunder:
650:Patriarch Justinian
563:Ion Gheorghe Maurer
443:on basis of a week
56:Moses Rosen in 1971
1136:Valentine Mitchell
946:2011-06-13 at the
882:Groezinger, Elvira
874:Dalinger, Brigitte
859:Zeev Wolf Gottlieb
772:Dumitru Vatamaniuc
711:Romanian Communist
662:Orthodox Christian
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1217:Los Angeles Times
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1192:Succeeded by
1013:Maja Wassermann:
740:Charles de Gaulle
725:Nicolae Ceauşescu
559:Nicolae Ceaușescu
416:Wilhelm Filderman
394:(Sinagoga Mare).
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16:(Redirected from
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1189:1948–1994
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1222:. Retrieved
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1089:Carol Kormos
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664:Dialogue in
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371:Transnistria
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363:Soviet Union
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299:Lèse majesté
295:antisemitism
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271:Shaagat Arié
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182:דוד משה רוזן
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156:Denomination
141:(1994-05-06)
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32:Moishe Rosen
1250:1994 deaths
1245:1912 births
796:Axis Powers
768:Eugen Barbu
729:Six-Day War
698:IKUF-Bleter
548:Chief Rabbi
429:Yevsektsiya
291:high school
186:Chief Rabbi
174:Moses Rosen
148:Nationality
139:May 6, 1994
44:Moses Rosen
1239:Categories
1224:August 29,
1162:, London,
899:See also:
812:xenophobia
808:Neofascist
786:After the
746:, indeed.
713:leaders."
347:Iron Guard
275:Eitan Arie
164:Occupation
113:1912-07-23
1158:(c1990).
851:Holocaust
847:Auschwitz
828:Burdujeni
748:They can.
705:and anti-
689:Stalinist
677:Jerusalem
528:Bucharest
447:from the
408:bourgeois
375:Bolshevik
335:Fălticeni
314:Anschluss
267:Jerusalem
247:Fălticeni
243:Moldavian
93:1964–1994
89:In office
77:1948–1994
73:In office
987:28236867
944:Archived
906:See also
855:Scotland
843:Oświęcim
841:town of
804:Demagogy
720:Hadassah
673:Vazgen I
481:Montreux
445:pericope
323:Bucovina
277:, 1912;
263:Rav Kook
259:responsa
239:Galician
235:rav gaon
223:Moineşti
211:Tel Aviv
202:Romanian
151:Romanian
121:Moinești
102:Personal
1101:1085536
865:Sources
832:Suceava
798:during
703:Zionist
695:weekly
666:Lucerne
513:Yiddish
470:Yiddish
420:Zionist
387:freedom
351:Caracal
343:Suceava
306:Dorohoi
255:Glasgow
129:Romania
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839:Polish
752:aliyah
733:Israel
707:Israel
658:Jewish
628:Tatars
617:Muslim
595:Hebrew
588:Talmud
584:kosher
505:Sweden
489:Geneva
457:terror
418:, the
379:Hitler
359:Talmud
310:Vienna
287:Talmud
257:, his
245:town,
233:, the
918:Notes
624:Turks
620:mufti
591:Torah
449:Torah
441:peace
431:from
414:, dr
339:rabbi
283:Torah
251:Habad
231:rabbi
227:Bacău
190:Jewry
167:Rabbi
125:Bacău
41:Rabbi
1226:2023
1164:ISBN
1140:ISBN
1111:ISBN
1097:OCLC
983:OCLC
973:ISBN
889:ISBN
660:and
636:Arab
626:and
593:and
561:and
285:and
136:Died
107:Born
969:217
880:of
756:Lod
744:Yes
479:in
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