Hopi - Knowledge (XXG)

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stone by stone. It took two decades for the Spanish to reassert their control over the Rio Grande Pueblos but the Catholic Inquisition never made it back to Hopiland. In 1700, the Spanish friars had begun rebuilding a smaller church at Awatovi. During the winter of 1700–01, teams of men from the other Hopi villages sacked Awatovi at the request of the village chief, killed all the men of the village, and removed the women and children to other Hopi villages, then completely destroyed the village and burned it to the ground. Thereafter, despite intermittent attempts during the 18th century, the Spanish never re-established a presence in Hopi country.

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and its attempts to force assimilation. The rest of the Oraibi were called "friendlies" because of their acceptance of white people and culture. The "hostiles" refused to let their children attend school. In 1893, the Oraibi Day School was opened in the Oraibi village. Although the school was in the village, traditional parents still refused to allow their children to attend. Frustrated with this, the US Government often resorted to intimidation and force in the form of imprisonment as a means of punishment.

1328: 1294: 1407: 1256: 740: 600:. The purpose was to divide up communal tribal land into individual allotments by household, to encourage a model of European-American style subsistence farming on individually owned family plots of 640 acres (2.6 km) or less. The Department of Interior would declare remaining land "surplus" to the tribe's needs and make it available for purchase by U.S. citizens. For the Hopi, the Act would destroy their ability to farm, their main means of income. The 865: 1455: 629:, where they stayed for a year. The US Government thought they undermined the Hopi resistance, however this only intensified ill feelings of bitterness and resistance towards the government. When the Hopi prisoners were sent home, they claimed that government officials told them that they did not have to send their children to school, but when they returned, Indian agents denied that this was promised to them. Another Oraibi leader, 454: 1282: 906: 3212: 555:

children were made to abandon their tribal identity and completely take on European-American culture. Children were forced to give up their traditional names, clothing and language. Boys, who were also forced to cut their long hair, were taught European farming and carpentry skills. Girls were taught ironing, sewing, and "civilized" dining. The school also reinforced European-American religions. The

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and a gift for the child. In some cases where many relatives would attend, a child could be given over 40 names, for example. The child's parents generally decide the name to be used from these names. Current practice is to either use a non-Hopi or English name or the parent's chosen Hopi name. A person may also change the name upon initiation into one of the religious societies, such as the

400:’s expedition. He noted that there were five Hopi villages and around 12,000 Hopi people. During that period the Spanish explored and colonized the southwestern region of the New World, but never sent many forces or settlers to the Hopi country. Their visits to the Hopi were random and spread out over many years. Many times the visits were from military explorations. 953: 3127: 613: 929:, Arizona. It is the second hotel on the reservation. It provides non-Hopi a venue for entertainment, lectures, and educational demonstrations, as well as tours and lodging. The project is expected to support 400 jobs. The village also operates the Tuvvi Travel Center in Moenkopi. The Tribally owned and operated 996:

According to Barry Pritzker, "...many Hopi feel an intimate and immediate connection with their past. Indeed, for many Hopi, time does not proceed in a straight line, as most people understand it. Rather, the past may be past and present more or less simultaneously.". In the present Fourth World, the

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From 1961 to 1964, the Hopi tribal council signed leases with the U.S. government that allowed companies to explore and drill for oil, gas, and minerals in Hopi country. This drilling brought over three million dollars to the Hopi Tribe. In 1974, The Navajo-Hopi Land Settlement Act was passed,(Public

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The chief of the Oraibi, Lololoma, enthusiastically supported Hopi education, but his people were divided on this issue. Most of the village was conservative and refused to allow their children to attend school. These natives were referred to as "hostiles" because they opposed the American government

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Agriculture is an important part of Hopi culture, and their villages are spread out across the northern part of Arizona. The Hopi and the Navajo did not have a conception of land being bounded and divided. The Hopi people had settled in permanent villages, while the nomadic Navajo people moved around

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clans. Children are born into the clan of their mother. Clans extend across all villages. Children are named by the women of the father's clan. After the child is introduced to the Sun, the women of the paternal clan gather, and name the child in honor of the father's clan. Children can be given over

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clans. When a man marries, the children from the relationship are members of his wife's clan. These clan organizations extend across all villages. Children are named by the women of the father's clan. On the 20th day of a baby's life, the women of the paternal clan gather, each woman bringing a name

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On November 30, 2017, in his last day as Chairman of the Hopi Tribe, Herman G. Honanie and Governor Doug Ducey signed the Hopi Tribe-State of Arizona Tribal Gaming Compact, a year after the Tribe approved entering into a compact with the State of Arizona. The historic agreement, which gives the Hopi

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In November 1894, Captain Frank Robinson and a group of soldiers were dispatched to enter the village and arrested 18 of the Hopi resisters. Among those arrested were Habema (Heevi'ima) and Lomahongyoma. In the following days, they realized they had not captured all Hopi resisters and Sergeant Henry

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The Hopi and the Navajo fought over land, and they had different models of sustainability, as the Navajo were sheepherders. Eventually the Hopi went before the Senate Committee of Interior and Insular Affairs to ask them to help provide a solution to the dispute. The tribes argued over approximately

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The Hopi Tribe Economic Development Corporation (HTEDC) is the tribal enterprise charged with creating diverse, viable economic opportunities. The HEDC oversees the Hopi Cultural Center and Walpi Housing Management. Other HTEDC businesses include the Hopi Three Canyon Ranches, between Flagstaff and

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of 1934, the Hopi established a constitution to create their own tribal government, and in 1936 elected a Tribal Council. The Preamble to the Hopi constitution states that they are a self-governing tribe, focused on working together for peace and agreements between villages in order to preserve the

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arrived in Hopi country with other government officials to review the progress of the new school. Seeing that few students were enrolled, they returned with federal troops who threatened to arrest the Hopi parents who refused to send their children to school, with Morgan forcibly taking children to

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The Pueblo Revolt was the first time that diverse Pueblo groups had worked in unison to drive out the Spanish colonists. In the Burning of Awatovi, Spanish soldiers, local Catholic Church missionaries, friars, and priests were all put to death, and the churches and mission buildings were dismantled

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The Hopi understand their land to be sacred and understand their role as caretakers of the land that they inherited from their ancestors. Agriculture is significant to their lifeways and economy. Precontact architecture reflects early Hopi society and perceptions of home and family. Many Hopi homes

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From the 1940s to the 1970s, the Navajo moved their settlements closer to Hopi land, causing the Hopi to raise the issue with the U.S. government. This resulted in the establishment of "District 6" which placed a boundary around the Hopi villages on the first, second, and third mesas, thinning the

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The Oraibi people did not support the school and refused to send their children 35 miles (56 km) from their villages. The Keams Canyon School was organized to teach the Hopi youth the ways of European-American civilization. It forced them to use English and give up their traditional ways. The

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At the dawn of the 20th century, the U.S. government established day schools, missions, farming bureaus, and clinics on every Indian reservation. This policy required that every reservation set up its own police force and tribal courts and appointed a leader who would represent their tribe to the

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Spanish Roman Catholic priests were only marginally successful in converting the Hopi and persecuted them for adhering to Hopi religious practices. The Spanish occupiers enslaved the Hopi populace, forcing them to labor and hand over goods and crops. Spanish oppression and attempts to convert the

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Traditionally the Hopi are micro or subsistence farmers. The Hopi also are part of the wider cash economy; a significant number of Hopi have mainstream jobs; others earn a living by creating Hopi art, notably the carving of katsina dolls, the crafting of earthenware ceramics, and the design and

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where all powers are vested in a Tribal Council. While there is an executive branch (tribal chairman and vice chairman) and judicial branch, their powers are limited under the Hopi Constitution. The traditional powers and authority of the Hopi villages was preserved in the 1936 constitution.

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and was responsible for all of the Indian residents of the area. The first formal meeting between the Hopi and the U.S. government occurred in 1850 when seven Hopi leaders made the trip to Santa Fe to meet with Calhoun. They wanted the government to provide protection against the

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is a concept deeply rooted in the culture's religion, spirituality, and its view of morality and ethics. To be Hopi is to strive toward this concept, which involves a state of total reverence for all things, peace with these things, and life in accordance with the instructions of

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and are observed in each of the Hopi villages. Like other Native American groups, the Hopi have been influenced by Christianity and the missionary work of several Christian denominations. Few have converted enough to Christianity to drop their traditional religious practices.

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beat to death a Hopi man named Juan Cuna. As punishment, Guerra was removed from his post on the Hopi mesas and sent to Mexico City. In 1656, a young Hopi man by the name of Juan Suñi was sent to Santa Fe as an indentured servant because he impersonated the resident priest

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was originally a rectangle 55 by 70 miles (88.5 by 110 km) in the middle of the Navajo Reservation, with their village lands taking about half of the land. The reservation prevented encroachment by white settlers, but it did not protect the Hopis against the Navajos.

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Currently, the villages of Shungopavi, Oraibi, Hotevilla, and Lower Moenkopi do not have a representative on council. The Hopi Villages select council representatives, and may decline to send any representative. The declination has been approved by the Hopi Courts.

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at this time had 22,500 members and have consistently increased in population. During the early years of this century, only about three percent of Hopis lived off the reservation. In 1924 Congress officially declared Native Americans to be U.S. citizens with the

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The Hopi tribe earns most of its income from natural resources. The tribe's 2010 operating budget was $ 21.8 million, and projected mining revenues for 2010 were $ 12.8 million. On the 1,800,000-acre (7,300 km) Navajo Reservation, a significant amount of

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40 names. The village members decide the common name. Current practice is to use a non-Hopi or English name or the parent's chosen Hopi name. A person may also change the name upon initiation to traditional religious societies, or a major life event.

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Representatives to the council are selected either by a community election or by an appointment from the village kikmongwi, or leader. Each representative serves a two-year term. Representation on the Tribal Council as of December 2017 is as follows:

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at Awatovi, an act believed to have been carried out in the spirit of Hopi clowning. During the period of Franciscan missionary presence (1629-1680), the only significant conversions took place at the pueblo of Awatovi. In the 1670s, the Rio Grande

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reservation to 501,501 acres (2,029.50 km). In 1962 the courts issued the "Opinion, Findings of Fact and Conclusions of Law and Judgment," which stated that the U.S. government did not grant the Navajo any type of permission to reside on the

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is one of four original Hopi villages. It was founded before A.D. 1100 and is one of the oldest continuously inhabited villages within the territory of the United States. In the 1540s the village was recorded as having 1,500– 3,000 residents.

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gives the primary meaning of the word "Hopi" as: "behaving one, one who is mannered, civilized, peaceable, polite, who adheres to the Hopi Way". Some sources contrast this to other warring tribes that subsist on plunder, considering their

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Dockstader, Frederick J. "Hopi History, 1850–1940." In Alonso Ortiz, vol. ed., Southwest, vol. 9, in William C. Sturtevant, gnl. ed., Handbook of North American Indians. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution, 1979:

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Henser was sent back to capture Potopa, a Hopi medicine man, known as "one of the most dangerous of resisters". Eager to rid Orayvi of all resisters, government officials sent 19 Hopi men who they saw as troublesome to

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Johansson, S. Ryan., and Preston, S.H. "Tribal Demography: The Hopi and Navaho Populations as Seen through Manuscripts from the 1900 U.S. Census." Social Science History, Vol. 3, No. 1. Duke University Press, (1978):

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Brew, J.O. "Hopi Prehistory and History to 1850." In Alonso Ortiz, vol. ed., Southwest, vol. 9, in William C. Sturtevant, gnl. ed., Handbook of North American Indians. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution, 1979:

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Clemmer, Richard O. "Hopi History, 1940–1974." In Alonso Ortiz, vol. ed., Southwest, vol. 9, in William C. Sturtevant, gnl. ed., Handbook of North American Indians. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution, 1979:

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As of 2005 the Hopi Reservation is entirely surrounded by the much larger Navajo Reservation. As the result of land disputes from 1940 to 1970 or earlier, the two nations used to share the government designated

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is one of the largest coal operations on Hopi land, with long-time permits for continued mining. Consequently, the closure of a large coal mine in 2019 has compounded existing unemployment. Combined with the

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The Spanish colonized near the Rio Grande and, because the Hopi did not live near rivers that gave access to the Rio Grande, the Spanish never left any troops on their land. The Spanish were accompanied by

1343: 2383: 348:. The powers of the executive branch (chairman and vice chairman) and judicial branch, are limited. The traditional powers and authority of the Hopi Villages were preserved in the 1936 Constitution. 1366: 381:

villages, he learned of the Hopi tribe. Coronado dispatched Pedro de Tovar and other members of their party to find the Hopi villages. The Spanish wrote that the first Hopi village they visited was

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Hopi caused the Hopi over time to become increasingly intolerant towards their occupiers. The documentary record shows evidence of Spanish abuses. In 1655, a Franciscan priest by the name of

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Adams, David Wallace. "Schooling the Hopi: Federal Indian Policy Writ Small, 1887–1917." The Pacific Historical Review, Vol. 48, No. 3. University of California Press, (1979): 335–356.

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to mean "The Peaceful People" or "Peaceful Little Ones". However, Malotki maintains that "neither the notion 'peaceful' nor the idea 'little' are semantic ingredients of the term".

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U.S. Department of State, Navajo–Hopi Land Dispute: Hearing before the Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs, 1974. Washington DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, (1974): 1–3.

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friars. Beginning in 1629, with the arrival of 30 friars in Hopi country, the Franciscan Period started. The Franciscans had missionaries assigned and built a church at Awatovi.

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The Hopi practice a complete cycle of traditional ceremonies although not all villages retain or had the complete ceremonial cycle. These ceremonies take place according to the

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is "behaving one, one who is mannered, civilized, peaceable, polite, who adheres to the Hopi Way." Some sources contrast this to other warring tribes that subsist on plunder.

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Law 93–531; 25 U.S.C. 640d et seq.), followed by the Navajo-Hopi Land Dispute Settlement Act of 1996, settling some issues not resolved in 1974. The 1974 Act created the

308:. The Hopi originally settled near the foot of the mesas but in the course of the 17th century moved to the mesa tops for protection from the Utes, Apaches, and Spanish. 1812:, 19th Annual report of the Bureau of American Ethnology to the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, pp. 580–1 637:

for village leadership. In 1906 the village split after a conflict between hostiles and friendlies. The conservative hostiles left and formed a new village, known as

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Tribe the opportunity to operate or lease up to 900 Class III gaming machines, makes Hopi the 22nd and last Arizona tribe to sign a gaming compact with the State.

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The Hopi Tribal Government operates a Trial Court and Appellate Court in Keams Canyon. These courts operate under a Tribal Code, amended August 28, 2012.

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and the lack of official help for those who have lost access to the coal they need to burn to heat their homes, Hopi have turned to nonprofits for help.

2886:"Voice of Indigenous People – Native People Address the United Nations" Edited by Alexander Ewen, Clear Light Publishers, Santa Fe NM, 1994, 176 pages. 1293: 1024:

The most widely publicized of Hopi katsina rites is the "Snake Dance", an annual event during which the performers danced while handling live snakes.

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Tourism is a source of income. The Moenkopi Developers Corporation, a non-profit entity owned by the Upper village of Moenkopi, opened the 100-room

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Johansson, S. Ryan., and Preston, S.H. "Tribal Demography: The Hopi and Navaho Populations as Seen through Manuscripts from the 1900 U.S. Census",

669:"good things of Hopi life." The constitution consists of 13 articles, addressing territory, membership, and organization of their government with 1454: 3158: 3422: 3088: 3186: 3007: 2861: 2727: 2706: 2115: 2028: 556: 177: 2498: 2793: 2161: 1510: 1489: 652:

U.S. government. In 1910 in the Census for Indians, the Hopi Tribe had a total of 2,000 members, which was the highest in 20 years. The

54: 2969: 2216: 2006:

Dockstader, Frederick J. "Hopi History, 1850–1940." In Alonso Ortiz, vol. ed., Southwest, vol. 9, in William C. Sturtevant, gnl. ed.,

1736:"The Architectural Analogue to Hopi Social Organization and Room Use, and Implications for Prehistoric Northern Southwestern Culture" 3064: 3046: 3025: 2987: 2954: 2946: 2757: 2603: 2143: 1674: 386: 2331: 374: 1894: 497:, and placed troops in Navajo country to deal with their threats to the Hopi. General James J. Carleton, with the assistance of 520:, a Mormon missionary, first made a trip into Hopi country in 1858. He was on good terms with the Hopi Indians, and in 1875 an 2316: 1189:(1928–2007), Hopi leader, linguist, lexicon maker, commissioned officer of US Army (West Point graduate), jeweler, silversmith 997:

Hopi worship Masauwu, who admonished them to "always remember their gods and to live in the correct way". The village leader,

501:, was assigned to travel through the area. They "captured" the Navajo natives and forced them to the fort. As a result of the 329: 2924: 2346: 345: 2837: 2446: 2087: 3216: 878: 689: 2633: 230:, the Creator or Caretaker of Earth. The Hopi observe their religious ceremonies for the benefit of the entire world. 2993: 918: 577: 154: 3100: 2554: 2432: 2105: 1855: 963: 200: 3461: 1033: 665: 639: 1635:"Indian Entities Recognized by and Eligible To Receive Services From the United States Bureau of Indian Affairs" 2880:

Clemmer, Richard O. "Roads in the Sky: The Hopi Indians In A Century of Change". Boulder: Westview Press, 1995.

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made students attend services every morning and religious teachings during the week. In 1890, Commissioner of

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Hopi girl at Walpi, c. 1900, with squash blossom hairstyle indicative of her eligibility for courtship, the

728: 563: 502: 277:), who constructed large apartment-house complexes and had an advanced culture that spanned the present-day 266: 1281: 747: 2794:"Constitution of the Hopi Tribe. National Tribal Justice Resource Center's Tribal Codes and Constitutions" 2181: 937: 784: 674: 658: 490: 3149: 2211:

Clemmer, Richard O. (1979). "Hopi History, 1940–1974". In Ortiz, Alfonso; Sturtevant, William C. (eds.).

1709: 385:. They noted that there were about 16,000 Hopi and Zuni people. A few years later, the Spanish explorer 3338: 3138: 3038: 334: 31: 697:

surrounded by the Navajo Nation, showing 1882 boundaries, 1936 District 6, and the 1962 Joint Use Area.

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at the time, was very impressed with Washington. In 1887, a federal boarding school was established at

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New York Times article, "Reggae Rhythms Speak to an Insular Tribe" by Bruce Weber, September 19, 1999

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Whiteley, Peter M. "Deliberate Acts." Tucson, Arizona: The University of Arizona Press, 1988.: 14–86.

2575:(1991), "Language as a key to cultural understanding: New interpretations of Central Hopi concepts", 1515: 1192: 957: 930: 712:

that was declared in 1882; and that the remaining Hopi land was to be shared with the Navajo, as the

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On October 24, 1936, the Hopi Tribe of Arizona ratified a constitution. That constitution created a

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1,800,000 acres (7,300 km) of land in northern Arizona. In 1887 the U.S. government passed the

337:, by Acts of Congress in 1974 and 1996, but as of 2008 has also resulted in long-term controversy. 3383: 3369: 3085: 2298: 1805: 1300: 768: 597: 483: 59:

A Hopi girl with a customary Hopi squash blossom hairstyle, woven wearing blanket, jewelry, and an

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on Second Mesa includes gift shops, museums, a hotel, and a restaurant that serves Hopi dishes.

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and met the Hopi. They warmly entertained Cardenas and his men and directed him on his journey.

1666: 1656: 1131:(birth date unknown), Hopi traditional leader; Son of Yukiuma, keeper of the Fire Clan Tablets 739: 333:, but this continued to be a source of conflict. The partition of this area, commonly known as 3119: 3060: 3042: 3021: 3003: 2983: 2965: 2950: 2942: 2920: 2857: 2797: 2789:

Clemmer, Richard O. "Roads in the Sky." Boulder, Colorado.: Westview Press, Inc., 1995: 30–90.

2753: 2749: 2723: 2702: 2680: 2599: 2220: 2168:, National Tribal Justice Resource Center's Tribal Codes and Constitutions. November 28, 2009. 2158: 2139: 2111: 2024: 1756: 1670: 1604: 1180: 1122: 922: 895: 752: 533: 397: 312: 297:. It is thought that Hopi people descend from those Ancestral Puebloan settlements along the 1217:) (circa 1810–1887), first Hopi convert to Mormonism after whom Tuba City, Arizona, was named 3393: 2672: 2572: 2070:

Navajo-Hopi Land Dispute: Hearing before the Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs, 1974

1748: 1530: 1385: 1198: 1110: 864: 709: 694: 588: 462: 433: 258: 185: 164: 120: 98: 1355: 1053:. Primarily in Second Mesa and west villages towards Hotevilla—about 1 in 200 individuals. 3284: 3269: 3153: 3104: 3092: 2887: 2165: 2091: 1616: 1480: 1273: 1246: 1242: 1104: 1080: 1062: 968: 899: 678: 626: 537: 2039:

Adams, David Wallace. "Schooling the Hopi: Federal Indian Policy Writ Small, 1887–1917",

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the four corners. Both lived on the land that their ancestors did. On December 16, 1882,

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The Hopi encountered Spaniards in the 16th century, and are historically referred to as

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issued an executive order creating a reservation for the Hopi. It was smaller than the

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Justin B. Richland, Arguing With Tradition, (University of Chicago Press, 2004) 35.

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Glenn, Edna; Wunder, John R.; Rollings, Willard Hughes; et al., eds. (2008).

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Harold Courlander, "Fourth World of the Hopi" University of New Mexico Press, 1987

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Hedrick, Philip (June 2003). "Hopi Indians, "cultural" selection, and albinism".

2450: 2084: 1869: 3353: 3321: 3289: 3249: 1655:

The Hopi Dictionary Project, Bureau of Applied Research in Anthropology (1998),

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In 1875, the English trader Thomas Keam escorted Hopi leaders to meet President

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Indians put forward the suggestion to revolt in 1680 and garnered Hopi support.

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for the Hopi. It was smaller than the surrounding land that was annexed by the

3333: 3311: 3239: 3234: 3172: 3168: 1214: 1134: 1038: 521: 498: 390: 290: 3133: 2268: 1932:

Brew, J.O. "Hopi Prehistory and History to 1850." In Alonso Ortiz, vol. ed.,

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David Talayumptewa, Phillip Quochytewa Sr., Danny Honanie, Herman G. Honanie

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who primarily live in northeastern Arizona. The majority are enrolled in the

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In The Matter of Village Authority To Remove Tribal Council Representatives,

2224: 2219:. Vol. 9. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution. pp. 533–538. 1545: 1334: 1140: 910: 2684: 2068:

United States Congress, Senate, Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs.

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Connelly, John C., "Hopi Social Organization." In Alfonso Ortiz, vol. ed.,

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Hopi woman dressing hair of unmarried girl, c. 1900, photo by Henry Peabody

1095:(born 1964), Appointed by President Obama to be a U.S. District Court Judge 952: 3097: 2558: 898:; three commercial properties in Flagstaff; and the Days Inn Kokopelli in 340:

On October 24, 1936, the Hopi Tribe ratified its constitution, creating a

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is mined yearly from which the Hopi Tribe shares mineral royalty income.

409: 294: 250:, include living rooms, storage rooms, and religious sanctuaries, called 2619: 1412:

Four young Hopi women grinding grain, c. 1906, photo by Edward S. Curtis

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Hubert Lewis Sr., Michael Elmer, Robert Charley, Philton Talahytewa Sr.

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Hopi polychrome ceramic water canteen, ca. 1870, Cleveland Museum of Art

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in the Spanish language). The Hopi are thought to be descended from the

3408: 3398: 3388: 3294: 3244: 3220: 3211: 2676: 1535: 1269: 1168: 1065:(ca. 1909–1999), interpreter and spokesman for traditional Hopi leaders 1010: 844:

Albert T. Sinquah, Ivan Sidney Sr., Wallace Youvella Jr., Dale Sinquah

509: 494: 305: 286: 189: 2701:. Tucson, AZ: Sun Tracks & University of Arizona Press, 1983: 42. 1768: 3114: 2384:"Hopi Economic Development Corp. Transition Team Off to a Fast Start" 2239:"Navajo-Hopi Land Dispute Settlement Act of 1996, PUBLIC LAW 104–301" 1982:

Daughters, Anton. "A Seventeenth-Century Instance of Hopi Clowning?"

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Colorado River Indian Tribes of the Colorado River Indian Reservation

17: 1735: 905: 1752: 1177:(1979–2003), US Army Quartermaster Corps soldier killed in Iraq War 838:: Emma Anderson, Craig Andrews, Pansy K. Edmo, Rolanda Yoyletsdewa 612: 203:

states that about 19,338 US citizens self-identify as being Hopi.

3343: 2840:. Hopi Education Endowment Fund. November 13, 2009. Archived from 2817: 2472: 2110:(2nd ed.). New Haven, CT: Yale University Press. p. 93. 1461: 1265: 962: 904: 863: 738: 688: 611: 452: 251: 2409: 1699:, Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution, 1979: 539–53, p. 551 1083:(1906–1990), Hopi photographer and former Tribal Council chairman 3299: 2982:, vol. 9, Southwest. Washington: Smithsonian Institution, 1979. 2900:

Hopi Nation: Essays on Indigenous Art, Culture, History, and Law

2742:; Warms, Richard L (April 4, 2023). "11, Matrilineal Families". 2043:

Vol. 48, No. 3. University of California Press, (1979): 335–356.

2002: 2000: 1998: 1996: 1994: 1992: 1540: 1210: 874: 513: 282: 60: 3182: 2189: 473:

for the Southwest Territory of the U.S. He had headquarters in

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The Unwritten Literature of the Hopi, by Hattie Greene Lockett

2938: 2350: 2072:, Washington DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, (1974): 1–3. 1113:(Hopi-Tewa, 1970 – 2011), American Hopi/Tewa potter and artist 2796:. Tribalresourcecenter.org. November 13, 2009. Archived from 2634:"Medicinal Plants of the Southwest Thelesperma megapotamicum" 1125:, (Hopi/Choctaw, born 1947) printmaker, painter, and educator 369:

The first recorded European contact with the Hopi was by the

1071:(born 1944), painter, illustrator, and katsina figure carver 767:

The Hopi tribe is federally recognized and headquartered in

3078: 2288:

Hopi Appellate Court, Appellate Court Case No. 2008-AP 0001

2010:. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution, 1979: 524–532. 1940:, Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution, 1979: 514–523. 1845:, Tucson, AZ: The University of Arizona Press, 1988: 14–86. 1037:, known by the common name Hopi tea, and use it to make an 2051: 2049: 1973:. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 1942. 1942 1400:

Traditional Hopi homes, c. 1906, photo by Edward S. Curtis

1077:(born circa 1893–1999), traditional Hopi leader and author 2370: 2332:"Coal permit expansion approved as Hopi chairman resigns" 1031:

The Hopi collect and dry a native perennial plant called

2080: 2078: 1960:, Boulder, Colorado.: Westview Press, Inc., 1995: 30–90. 1837: 1835: 1833: 1831: 1829: 1827: 1825: 1823: 1821: 1819: 1207:(1888–1969), Olympic distance runner and silver medalist 1028:

production of fine jewelry, especially sterling silver.

377:

went to North America to explore the land. While at the

2317:"Hopi Tribal Council's new structure irks some critics" 254:. Each of these rooms allowed for specific activities. 731:, a paved road that links the numerous Hopi villages. 2529:"Hopi tribe last in the state to sign gaming compact" 1662:: A Hopi-English Dictionary of the Third Mesa Dialect 304:

Hopi villages are now located atop mesas in northern

281:

region of the United States, comprising southeastern

3362: 3227: 3053:

Mesa of Sorrows: A History of the Awat'ovi Massacre

2941:, 1994, illustrated oversize hardcover, 230 pages, 2722:. Boston, MA: Houghton Mifflin Company, 1996: 480. 2059:

Vol. 3, No. 1. Duke University Press, (1978): 1–33.

1195:(born 1956), jeweler, silversmith (nephew of Emory) 323:, which is the largest reservation in the country. 160: 145: 135: 114: 104: 88: 78: 68: 45: 3098:Four Corners Postcard: General information on Hopi 2962:Hopi Kachina Tradition: Following the Sun and Moon 2820:. Northern Arizona University. November 12, 2009. 2347:"Grassroots efforts bring firewood to Hopi people" 1928: 1926: 1924: 1922: 1920: 1870:"NAVAJO - HOPI Land Dispute, history, maps, links" 1734: 1201:(ca. 1891–1985), autobiographer and traditionalist 1119:(1912–1991), jeweler, ceramic artist, and educator 604:did not set up land allotments in the Southwest. 3447:Federally recognized tribes in the United States 1665:, Tucson: University of Arizona Press, pp. 1321:, with her work, c. 1900, photo by Henry Peabody 192:; however, some Hopi people are enrolled in the 2598:. New York: Chelsea House. pp. 16–17, 25. 2263: 2261: 2259: 1107:(1942–2009), painter, sculptor, and silversmith 1001:, "promoted civic virtue and proper behavior". 516:and tried to convert the Indians to Mormonism. 3032:Masked Gods:Navaho & Pueblo Ceremonialism, 2917:Hopi Bibliography: Comprehensive and Annotated 2433:"Hopi hotel showcases Arizona tribe's culture" 1936:, vol. 9, in William C. Sturtevant, gnl. ed., 936:The Hopi people have repeatedly voted against 868:Hopi girls watching Pueblo dancers below, 1906 3194: 2107:Sun Chief: The Autobiography of a Hopi Indian 1952: 1950: 1948: 1946: 8: 2410:"New Hopi Hotel near Tuba City is Now Open!" 1149:(Hopi-Tewa, born 1950), painter and sculptor 616:Abandoned house and view from Oraibi village 505:, the Hopi enjoyed a short period of peace. 40: 2371:Hopi Tribe Economic Development Corporation 1448:Hopi girls, 1922, photo by Edward S. Curtis 1436:Hopi woman, 1922, photo by Edward S. Curtis 722:Office of Navajo and Hopi Indian Relocation 703:Office of Navajo and Hopi Indian Relocation 3201: 3187: 3179: 2176: 2174: 1895:"The Navajo-Hopi Land Issue: A Chronology" 1424:Hopi girl, 1922, photo by Edward S. Curtis 1101:(circa 1900–1986), painter and silversmith 1041:, as a medicinal remedy and a yellow dye. 967:Tile, Hopi, late 19th-early 20th century, 39: 3086:A Summary of Hopi Native American History 2903:(Ebook ed.). digitalcommons.unl.edu. 2665:American Journal of Physical Anthropology 2622:. Encyclopedia Britannica. 28 March 2008. 1710:"Hopi-Tewa | Land Acknowledgment Toolkit" 1695:, vol. 9, in William C. Sturtevant, ed., 727:Today's Hopi Reservation is traversed by 196:at the border of Arizona and California. 1971:Troublous Times in New Mexico, 1659-1670 1910: 1908: 1579: 1577: 951: 884:economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic 746: 584:, which was the largest in the country. 246:. Early communal structures, especially 2919:. Tucson: University of Arizona Press. 1687: 1685: 1650: 1648: 1573: 1228: 1171:, (Hopi-Tewa), circa 1860–1942), potter 1089:, basket maker, food activist, educator 1004:Traditionally, Hopi are organized into 3423:List of Indian reservations in Arizona 3228:Contemporary peoples native to Arizona 2720:Encyclopedia of North American Indians 1628: 1626: 1612: 1602: 820:Dwayne Secakuku, Clifford Quotsaquahu 396:In 1582–1583 the Hopi were visited by 315:passed an executive order creating an 132: 2129: 2127: 1349:Hopi Indian man weaving a blanket by 1299:Hopi Basket Weaver c. 1900, photo by 1013:society, or with a major life event. 557:American Baptist Home Mission Society 7: 3142:. New York: Robert Appleton Company. 2449:. Experiencehopi.com. Archived from 2431:Fonseca, Felicia (9 December 2009). 2345:Sevigny, Melissa (16 January 2023). 940:casinos as an economic opportunity. 755:meeting with Hopi leadership in 2020 79:Regions with significant populations 2964:. Flagstaff: Northland Publishing. 2824:from the original on April 17, 2020 2818:"Hopi Cultural Preservation Office" 2188:. November 12, 2009. Archived from 1511:Black Mesa Peabody Coal controversy 789:Vice Chairman: Clark W. Tenakhongva 3452:Native American history of Arizona 3173:Hopi movie "Techqua Ikachi" part 2 3169:Hopi movie "Techqua Ikachi" part 1 3002:. Schiffer Publishing Ltd., 2011. 2980:Handbook of North American Indians 2856:. Schiffer Publishing Ltd., 2011. 2217:Handbook of North American Indians 2023:. Schiffer Publishing Ltd., 2011. 2008:Handbook of North American Indians 1938:Handbook of North American Indians 1733:Adams, E. Charles (January 1983). 1697:Handbook of North American Indians 1633:Newland, Bryan (January 2, 2023). 792:Tribal Secretary: Theresa Lomakema 261:, because they lived in villages ( 25: 3457:Native American tribes in Arizona 3164:Hopi Cultural Preservation Office 3159:Sikyatki (ancestral Hopi) pottery 3132:Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). 3020:(Non-Classics), (June 30, 1977), 2911:University of Arizona Press, 1974 2304:. The Hopi Tribe. 28 August 2012. 2186:Hopi Cultural Preservation Office 842:First Mesa Consolidated Villages: 779:The current tribal officers are: 743:Flag of the Hopi Tribe of Arizona 365:Early European contact, 1540–1680 344:where all powers are vested in a 3210: 3125: 2330:Berry, Carol (14 January 2009). 2315:Berry, Carol (13 January 2010). 2159:"Constitution of the Hopi Tribe" 1488: 1472: 1453: 1441: 1429: 1417: 1405: 1393: 1377: 1365: 1342: 1326: 1307: 1292: 1280: 1254: 1231: 890:Winslow and the 26 Bar Ranch in 798:Sergeant-at-Arms: Alfonso Sakeva 217:The primary meaning of the word 53: 3363:Prehistoric cultures in Arizona 2939:Abradale Press, Harry N. Abrams 2699:Hopi Photographers, Hopi Images 2499:"Hopi again vote down gambling" 1586:"American FactFinder - Results" 2557:. Ausbcomp.com. Archived from 2386:. Hopi-nsn.gov. Archived from 2094:. Accessed: November 13, 2009. 2041:The Pacific Historical Review, 919:Moenkopi Legacy Inn and Suites 449:Hopi-U.S. relations, 1849–1946 233:Hopi organize themselves into 1: 2998:Pecina, Ron and Pecina, Bob. 2852:Pecina, Ron and Pecina, Bob. 2085:Hopi Education Endowment Fund 2019:Pecina, Ron and Pecina, Bob. 1856:"Navajo-Hopi Land Settlement" 1049:The Hopi have a high rate of 375:Francisco Vásquez de Coronado 2497:Helms, Kathy (20 May 2004). 2382:May, Tina (6 January 2010). 2182:"Navajo-Hopi Joint Use Area" 1810:Tusayan Migration Traditions 1460:Traditional Hopi village of 1337:being a symbol of fertility. 879:Peabody Western Coal Company 2638:New Mexico State University 2104:Talayesva, Don. C. (1970). 1790:"Ancestral Pueblo culture." 578:President Chester A. Arthur 313:President Chester A. Arthur 3478: 2960:Secakuku, Alph H. (1995). 2553:Smith, L. Michael (2000). 2138:. University of Nebraska. 2136:Education beyond the Mesas 973: 812:Village of Upper Moenkopi: 795:Treasurer: Wilfred Gaseoma 714:Navajo–Hopi Joint Use Area 700: 419: 330:Navajo–Hopi Joint Use Area 29: 3417: 3057:W.W. Norton & Company 2435:. Indiancountrytoday.com. 2334:. Indiancountrytoday.com. 2319:. Indiancountrytoday.com. 2134:Gilbert, Matthew (2010). 1034:Thelesperma megapotamicum 685:Hopi–Navajo land disputes 666:Indian Reorganization Act 373:in 1540. Spanish General 242:share traits of neighbor 119: 109: 93: 83: 73: 52: 2915:Laird, W. David (1977). 2594:Pritzker, Barry (2011). 1793:Encyclopædia Britannica. 1483:, Hopi Reservation, 1970 602:Bureau of Indian Affairs 524:was built on Hopi land. 387:García López de Cárdenas 3147:Frank Waters Foundation 3000:Neil David's Hopi World 2933:Susanne and Jake Page, 2909:Pages from Hopi History 2854:Neil David's Hopi World 2057:Social Science History, 2021:Neil David's Hopi World 1986:74:4 (Summer 2009) 2009 894:; Hopi Travel Plaza in 729:Arizona State Route 264 564:Thomas Jefferson Morgan 503:Long Walk of the Navajo 465:was appointed official 267:Ancestral Pueblo people 84:United States (Arizona) 2555:"Hopi: The Real Thing" 2473:"Hopi Cultural Center" 1795:Retrieved 4 June 2012. 1660:Hopìikwa Lavàytutuveni 1641:(88 FR 2112): 2112–16. 1584:Bureau, U. S. Census. 971: 960: 914: 869: 836:Village of Mishongnovi 824:Village of Kykotsmovi: 785:Timothy L. Nuvangyaoma 756: 744: 698: 659:Indian Citizenship Act 617: 458: 311:On December 16, 1882, 3139:Catholic Encyclopedia 3039:Ohio University Press 2745:Cultural Anthropology 2447:"Tuvvi Travel Center" 1590:factfinder.census.gov 974:Further information: 966: 955: 908: 867: 761:unicameral government 750: 742: 701:Further information: 692: 615: 456: 416:Pueblo Revolt of 1680 342:unicameral government 301:of northern Arizona. 182:Hopi Tribe of Arizona 115:Related ethnic groups 32:Hopi (disambiguation) 27:Native American tribe 3014:The Book of the Hopi 2844:on October 11, 2009. 2477:Hopi Cultural Center 2412:. Experiencehopi.com 1956:Clemmer, Richard O. 1806:Fewkes, Jesse Walter 1516:Hopi katsina figures 1495:Hopi dancers in 2017 1384:Hopi girl, photo by 1317:, world-famous Hopi 1193:Phillip Sekaquaptewa 958:Hopi katsina figures 931:Hopi Cultural Center 860:Economic development 830:Village of Sipaulavi 212:Uto-Aztecan language 30:For other uses, see 2978:Alfonso Ortiz, ed. 2697:Masayesva, Victor. 2269:"Tribal Government" 2192:on December 1, 2019 1969:Scholes, France V. 1841:Whiteley, Peter M. 1239:Hopi Women's Dance, 1183:(1928–2019), potter 1161:(Hopi-Tewa), potter 1155:(Hopi-Tewa), potter 1057:Notable Hopi people 769:Kykotsmovi, Arizona 647:Federal recognition 598:Dawes Allotment Act 551:for Hopi children. 489:The US established 484:Southern Athabascan 293:, and southwestern 248:Pueblo Great Houses 110:Indigenous religion 42: 3217:Indigenous peoples 3152:2019-03-12 at the 3103:2019-05-01 at the 3091:2021-04-18 at the 2718:Hoxie, Frederick. 2677:10.1002/ajpa.10180 2503:Gallup Independent 2244:. October 11, 1996 2164:2021-04-14 at the 2090:2009-10-11 at the 1741:American Antiquity 1658:Hopi Dictionary / 1615:has generic name ( 1287:Hopi Basket Weaver 1187:Emory Sekaquaptewa 1137:(1922–1993) potter 972: 961: 915: 870: 818:Village of Bacavi: 757: 745: 699: 618: 582:Navajo Reservation 459: 429:Salvador de Guerra 321:Navajo Reservation 317:Indian reservation 3429: 3428: 3120:Project Gutenberg 3051:James F. Brooks, 3008:978-0-7643-3808-3 2862:978-0-7643-3808-3 2800:on April 14, 2021 2750:SAGE Publications 2728:978-0-395-66921-1 2707:978-0-8165-0809-9 2573:Malotki, Ekkehart 2509:on 12 August 2011 2117:978-0-300-19103-5 2029:978-0-7643-3808-3 1464:, 1941, photo by 1181:Dextra Quotskuyva 1123:Linda Lomahaftewa 735:Tribal government 679:judicial branches 567:fill the school. 543:village chief of 534:Chester A. Arthur 398:Antonio de Espejo 389:investigated the 170: 169: 131: 130: 16:(Redirected from 3469: 3462:Puebloan peoples 3378: 3370:Ancestral Pueblo 3215: 3214: 3203: 3196: 3189: 3180: 3143: 3129: 3128: 3122: 3082: 3081: 3079:Official website 2975: 2949:, 1982 edition, 2930: 2904: 2845: 2833: 2831: 2829: 2809: 2807: 2805: 2771: 2770: 2768: 2766: 2736: 2730: 2716: 2710: 2695: 2689: 2688: 2660: 2654: 2653: 2651: 2649: 2640:. Archived from 2630: 2624: 2623: 2616: 2610: 2609: 2591: 2585: 2584: 2569: 2563: 2562: 2550: 2544: 2543: 2541: 2539: 2525: 2519: 2518: 2516: 2514: 2505:. Archived from 2494: 2488: 2487: 2485: 2483: 2469: 2463: 2462: 2460: 2458: 2443: 2437: 2436: 2428: 2422: 2421: 2419: 2417: 2406: 2400: 2399: 2397: 2395: 2379: 2373: 2368: 2362: 2361: 2359: 2357: 2342: 2336: 2335: 2327: 2321: 2320: 2312: 2306: 2305: 2303: 2295: 2289: 2283: 2277: 2276: 2265: 2254: 2253: 2251: 2249: 2243: 2235: 2229: 2228: 2208: 2202: 2201: 2199: 2197: 2178: 2169: 2156: 2150: 2149: 2131: 2122: 2121: 2101: 2095: 2082: 2073: 2066: 2060: 2053: 2044: 2037: 2031: 2017: 2011: 2004: 1987: 1980: 1974: 1967: 1961: 1958:Roads in the Sky 1954: 1941: 1930: 1915: 1912: 1903: 1902: 1897:. Archived from 1891: 1885: 1884: 1882: 1880: 1866: 1860: 1859: 1852: 1846: 1839: 1814: 1813: 1802: 1796: 1787: 1781: 1780: 1738: 1730: 1724: 1723: 1721: 1720: 1706: 1700: 1689: 1680: 1679: 1652: 1643: 1642: 1639:Federal Register 1630: 1621: 1620: 1614: 1610: 1608: 1600: 1598: 1596: 1581: 1531:Hopi Reservation 1492: 1476: 1457: 1445: 1433: 1421: 1409: 1397: 1386:Edward S. Curtis 1381: 1369: 1359: 1346: 1330: 1311: 1296: 1284: 1258: 1235: 1199:Don C. Talayesva 1111:Jacob Koopee Jr. 956:Illustration of 925:, Arizona, near 832:: Rosa Honanie, 710:Hopi Reservation 695:Hopi reservation 633:, competed with 589:Hopi reservation 463:James S. Calhoun 434:Alonso de Posada 201:2010 U.S. census 188:in northeastern 186:Hopi Reservation 184:and live on the 178:Native Americans 133: 69:Total population 57: 43: 21: 3477: 3476: 3472: 3471: 3470: 3468: 3467: 3466: 3432: 3431: 3430: 3425: 3413: 3374: 3358: 3285:Southern Paiute 3223: 3209: 3207: 3154:Wayback Machine 3131: 3126: 3112: 3105:Wayback Machine 3093:Wayback Machine 3077: 3076: 3073: 2972: 2959: 2927: 2914: 2896: 2888:Thomas Banyacya 2877: 2875:Further reading 2836: 2827: 2825: 2816: 2803: 2801: 2792: 2775: 2774: 2764: 2762: 2760: 2738: 2737: 2733: 2717: 2713: 2696: 2692: 2662: 2661: 2657: 2647: 2645: 2632: 2631: 2627: 2618: 2617: 2613: 2606: 2593: 2592: 2588: 2577:Baessler-Archiv 2571: 2570: 2566: 2552: 2551: 2547: 2537: 2535: 2527: 2526: 2522: 2512: 2510: 2496: 2495: 2491: 2481: 2479: 2471: 2470: 2466: 2456: 2454: 2445: 2444: 2440: 2430: 2429: 2425: 2415: 2413: 2408: 2407: 2403: 2393: 2391: 2381: 2380: 2376: 2369: 2365: 2355: 2353: 2344: 2343: 2339: 2329: 2328: 2324: 2314: 2313: 2309: 2301: 2297: 2296: 2292: 2284: 2280: 2267: 2266: 2257: 2247: 2245: 2241: 2237: 2236: 2232: 2210: 2209: 2205: 2195: 2193: 2180: 2179: 2172: 2166:Wayback Machine 2157: 2153: 2146: 2133: 2132: 2125: 2118: 2103: 2102: 2098: 2092:Wayback Machine 2083: 2076: 2067: 2063: 2054: 2047: 2038: 2034: 2018: 2014: 2005: 1990: 1981: 1977: 1968: 1964: 1955: 1944: 1931: 1918: 1913: 1906: 1893: 1892: 1888: 1878: 1876: 1868: 1867: 1863: 1854: 1853: 1849: 1843:Deliberate Acts 1840: 1817: 1804: 1803: 1799: 1788: 1784: 1732: 1731: 1727: 1718: 1716: 1708: 1707: 1703: 1690: 1683: 1677: 1654: 1653: 1646: 1632: 1631: 1624: 1611: 1601: 1594: 1592: 1583: 1582: 1575: 1570: 1565: 1506: 1501: 1500: 1499: 1496: 1493: 1484: 1481:chopper bicycle 1477: 1468: 1458: 1449: 1446: 1437: 1434: 1425: 1422: 1413: 1410: 1401: 1398: 1389: 1382: 1373: 1370: 1361: 1353: 1347: 1338: 1331: 1322: 1312: 1303: 1297: 1288: 1285: 1276: 1274:John K. Hillers 1259: 1250: 1247:John K. Hillers 1243:Oraibi, Arizona 1236: 1224: 1105:Michael Kabotie 1081:Jean Fredericks 1063:Thomas Banyacya 1059: 1047: 982:Hopi Dictionary 978: 969:Brooklyn Museum 950: 862: 854: 805: 777: 775:Tribal officers 737: 705: 687: 649: 627:Alcatraz Prison 610: 573: 538:Washington D.C. 530: 451: 424: 418: 367: 354: 289:, northwestern 285:, northeastern 210:belongs to the 153: 64: 48: 38: 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 3475: 3473: 3465: 3464: 3459: 3454: 3449: 3444: 3434: 3433: 3427: 3426: 3418: 3415: 3414: 3412: 3411: 3406: 3401: 3396: 3391: 3386: 3381: 3380: 3379: 3366: 3364: 3360: 3359: 3357: 3356: 3351: 3346: 3341: 3339:Western Apache 3336: 3331: 3326: 3325: 3324: 3322:Akimel O'odham 3319: 3317:Tohono Oʼodham 3309: 3308: 3307: 3297: 3292: 3287: 3282: 3277: 3272: 3267: 3262: 3257: 3252: 3247: 3242: 3237: 3231: 3229: 3225: 3224: 3208: 3206: 3205: 3198: 3191: 3183: 3177: 3176: 3166: 3161: 3156: 3144: 3134:"Hopi Indians" 3123: 3109: 3108: 3095: 3083: 3072: 3071:External links 3069: 3068: 3067: 3049: 3030:Frank Waters, 3028: 3012:Frank Waters, 3010: 2996: 2991: 2976: 2971:978-0873586443 2970: 2957: 2931: 2925: 2912: 2905: 2894: 2892:United Nations 2890:et al. at the 2884: 2881: 2876: 2873: 2872: 2871: 2868: 2865: 2850: 2846: 2834: 2814: 2810: 2790: 2787: 2783: 2779: 2773: 2772: 2758: 2731: 2711: 2690: 2671:(2): 151–156. 2655: 2625: 2611: 2604: 2586: 2564: 2561:on 2019-05-01. 2545: 2520: 2489: 2464: 2453:on 6 June 2011 2438: 2423: 2401: 2374: 2363: 2337: 2322: 2307: 2290: 2278: 2273:The Hopi Tribe 2255: 2230: 2203: 2170: 2151: 2144: 2123: 2116: 2096: 2074: 2061: 2045: 2032: 2012: 1988: 1975: 1962: 1942: 1916: 1904: 1901:on 2008-05-30. 1886: 1874:www.kstrom.net 1861: 1847: 1815: 1797: 1782: 1753:10.2307/279817 1725: 1701: 1681: 1675: 1644: 1622: 1572: 1571: 1569: 1566: 1564: 1563: 1558: 1556:Pueblo peoples 1553: 1548: 1543: 1538: 1533: 1528: 1526:Hopi mythology 1523: 1518: 1513: 1507: 1505: 1502: 1498: 1497: 1494: 1487: 1485: 1479:Children with 1478: 1471: 1469: 1459: 1452: 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