390:(Plan MT3, DERM 1840) is based on an earlier 1839 plan but superimposes the proposed street plan for the free town of Brisbane with square blocks of 10 chains (660 ft; 200 m). Additional features depicted in these plans include a well situated in what is now George Street, near the intersection with Burnett Lane; a flagstaff in the centre of what is now William Street, close to the northwest boundary of Miller Park; and a range of gardens. The garden areas included military gardens and Dixon's garden behind the Military Barracks in the block bounded by Queen, George, Elizabeth and Albert Streets; Whyte's garden to the northwest of the Prisoners' Barracks, through which Burnett Lane now runs; Handt's garden and Kent's garden to the rear of the Chaplain's house and Commandant's house, today overlain by parts of Elizabeth, George and Charlotte Streets; the Commandant's garden adjacent to the Commissariat Store along William Street and down towards Alice Street; and Paget's garden and Dr Ballard's garden adjacent to the Hospital, in the location of George and Ann Streets. Barns and a piggery indicated on Dixon's 1840 plan appear to have been situated within the current alignment of
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85:), suitable for building material, and a fertile flood plain. The settlement was meant to be a harsh punishment for those who committed another crime, a secondary or colonial offence after having been transported for what was already seen as a serious illegal act. This prison community was intended to be self-supporting. The settlers faced hardship and privation and the paucity of resources combined with thick sub-tropical vegetation made settlement difficult. Between 1826 and 1829, the number of prisoners in the settlement rose from 200 to 1000 and the plight of the convicts whose labour was to establish the settlement was dire.
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323:. The garden was under the charge of the Superintendent of Agriculture and produced a wide range of vegetables including cabbage, cauliflower, peas, beans, potatoes and pumpkins, as well as fruit trees and plants such as banana, pineapple, citrus, and apple. The Gardener's house, octagonal in shape and consisting of three rooms surrounded by verandahs, was also situated in the gardens. The route of the roadway along the western end of the settlement from the Prisoners' Barracks to the Government Gardens overlaps with the current
605:. The correspondence of the Colonial Secretary is one of the most valuable sources of information on all aspects of the history of the Colony. The correspondence commences in 1822 during the years of the colony being penal settlement followed by the period after 1842 when the district was opened to free settlers. In many cases annotations on the back of letters indicate the decision taken by the Governor and the course of action taken.
190:. The barracks were later moved to the other side of Queen Street and replaced by the second lumber yard in 1831. The first prisoner accommodation also consisted of slab huts, probably at the intersection of Queen and Albert Streets; stone barracks were constructed in 1829. The first Commissariat Store was constructed as a long, low slab building near the corner of Elizabeth and Albert Streets and was later used as a barn, after the stone
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first
European settlement in what later became the colony of Queensland. The specific area of that settlement was named Humpybong (empty shelters) by the original inhabitants when the strangers decamped to a more suitable place on the north bank of the Brisbane River, now the heart of Brisbane. Only one year after settlement, the inadequacy of Redcliffe's water supply became apparent and in May 1825 the commandant Lieutenant
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goods from the arriving ships to the shore. The wharf was situated on the river bank opposite the
Commissariat Store on Queen's Wharf Road. The main thoroughfare into the settlement was up the steep river bank following the present day alignment of Queen's Wharf Road. Pedestrians were able to enter the settlement through the vacant land immediately northwest of the Commissariat Store, in what is today known as Miller Park.
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The only entry point into the settlement was via the wharf on the
Brisbane River. Initially known as the King's Wharf, or King's Jetty, it was constructed by 1827 when the boat crew's hut and boat builder's shed were first occupied. A crane was constructed on the end of the wharf in order to transfer
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The
Moreton Bay Penal Settlement during its 15 years of operation consisted of a range of buildings including barracks for convicts and troops, officers' quarters, dwellings for the Commandant, chaplain, Commissariat officer, surgeon, Commandant's clerk and engineer, a military and convict hospital,
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that a suitable location would be "easy of access, difficult to escape from, and hard to attack; furthermore, it should be near fresh water and contain three hundred acres for cultivation". The group of convicts and soldiers were led by
Captain Henry Miller, the first commandant, who established the
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Additional hospital accommodation was erected in 1830/31 adjacent to the existing hospital, situated between present day North Quay and George Street. This included a cottage for the
Medical Officer and a building to serve as the Military Hospital. The new Military Barracks were also constructed in
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itself, strategically situated for all incoming and existing convicts to see, was the flogging triangle. Records indicate that in the period between
February and October 1828 alone, over 11,000 lashes were inflicted on 200 convicts; this included 128 sentences of 50 or more lashes. The average in
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The
Prisoners' Barracks were constructed between 1827 and 1830 to house up to 1000 convicts and was the largest stone building in the settlement at the time. The barracks were situated with the frontage along present-day Queen Street, on the block surrounded by Albert, Adelaide, George and Queen
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was constructed in 1828 and 1829, on its site between present day
William Street and Queens Wharf Road. The two story utilitarian building was constructed of local porphyry and sandstone, with its ground and second floor doors opening towards the river and the wharf. Used for various stores and
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The dominant archway of the
Prisoners' Barracks extended approximately 10 metres (33 ft) through the building from the Queen Street frontage towards Adelaide Street opening into the large walled yard. The yard was the site of Moreton Bay's first public execution in 1830. Within the archway
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building (now the Public Service Club between William and George Streets. It was a wooden building with brick chimneys. In 1826 a detached brick building was built to the rear of the Commandant's house. A line of buildings ran from the Commandant's house to the first military barracks along
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Beside the Prisoners' Barracks, along the Queen Street alignment towards the river, a row of single-story brick buildings were erected. The functions of the six apartments of these buildings changed over time including use as the Commissariat Officer's residence, school room, guard house,
124:. Despite the continued uncertainty about the future of Brisbane Town, building had continued under Commandant Logan, who is given credit for laying out the earliest permanent foundations. Logan was responsible for the building of
312:(now Treasury Hotel) between William and George Streets. Described in 1829 as a handsome brick house, it was later divided into two dwellings, and occupied at various times by the Assistant Surgeon and the Commissariat Officer.
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Streets. The barracks consisted of a multi-storey stone building with a central archway and a large walled yard to the rear. Several smaller buildings were situated in the yard on the far side of what would become Burnett Lane.
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In 1839, in preparation for the opening of Moreton Bay to free settlement, surveyors were sent from Sydney to draw maps of the district and prepare town plans so the land could be put up for sale. The town plan undertaken by
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273:. The barracks were demolished in 1880 with commercial redevelopment of the area in the early to mid-1880s particularly the buildings along Queen Street backing onto Burnett Lane, many of which are still extant (
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81:, the first substantial water supply within 15 miles (24 km) of the mouth of the Brisbane River. This was an elevated location with cooling breezes. The southern bank was a cliff of rock (
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Convict numbers fell 75 percent between 1831 and 1838 by which time the area under cultivation shrank from 200 hectares (490 acres) to only 29 hectares (72 acres). On 10 February 1842
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1831. Designed for 100 rank and file, the barracks compound also included a guard house and a dwelling for two subaltern officers. The barracks were constructed on what is today the
463:) also found remains dating to the penal period. The remnants of the original Commandant's House were also unearthed in the mid 1980s without any archaeological investigation.
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The first military barracks were constructed in 1825 as two slab huts for the sergeant, corporal and 12 privates, and separate huts for the married couples on the corner of
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116:. However, the difficulties of crossing the bay saw this plan abandoned. Logan continued to seek alternative sites, establishing a number of outstations including
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The Chaplain's house was constructed in 1828, halfway between the Commandant's house and the Engineer's cottage, on the site now occupied by the former
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the Commissariat Store, and various stores, barns and sheds. The settlement also included a wharf, wells, a flagstaff, gardens and a lumber yard.
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On 10 February 1842 Governor George Gipps declared the Moreton Bay Penal Settlement closed and the district open for free settlement.
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A hospital was completed in 1827, after much government bungling over plans and approvals, on the block bounded by North Quay,
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in his 1829 survey, ran along the rear of the Prisoners' Barracks towards a pathway up to the windmill tower and to the
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Superintendent of Convicts' residence, gaol room, solitary cells, married soldiers' residences, and a military school.
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was built in 1829. The first Commissariat Store appears to have been situated within the alignment of the present day
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was 41 lashes per sentence. The barracks were used from 1860 to 1868 as the court house and for Queensland's first
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The Government Gardens were established in 1828 to the southwest of the settlement on the site of the present day
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1218:"Colonial Secretary's letters received relating to Moreton Bay and Queensland 1822-1860 [Index]"
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government purposes over its history, it is one of only two extant structures from the convict period.
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1160:"Public Reserve incorporating the Privy Pit and Site of Convict Barracks and Store (entry 602139)"
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370:) while the former barracks site (situated at Brisbane Square) was converted to the lumber yard.
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885:
Kennedy, M. (1998) Commissariat Store Conservation Plan. Department of Public Works, Brisbane.
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Road. The alignment of this pathway follows the current alignment of Adelaide Street, from
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Colonial Secretary's letters received relating to Moreton Bay and Queensland 1822-1860
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Colonial Secretary's letters received relating to Moreton Bay and Queensland 1822-1860
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159:. These buildings included the Engineer's cottage on the corner of William and
939:"The Convict Records of Queensland 1825-1842 | Australian Memory of the World"
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The following heritage-listed sites are connected to the penal settlement:
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Plan of the Soldiers Barracks, bounded by Queen, George and William Streets
1326:
on 8 October 2014). The geo-coordinates were originally computed from the
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The first marriages in the Moreton Bay settlement 1839: behind the records
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The Commandant's cottage was constructed in 1825 on the site of the old
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Index to the papers of the New South Wales Colonial Secretary 1788-1825
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Architectural drawings of the hospital and the quarters of surgeon Dr
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to Albert Street, where the original pathway crossed Wheat Creek.
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was added to UNESCO's Australian Memory of the World Register
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Architectural plans for the Prisoners' Barrack building, 1839
1048:"Eagle Farm Women's Prison and Factory Site (entry 600186)"
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One of the major thoroughfares of the settlement, taken by
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The Moreton Bay convict settlement: origins of Queensland
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The Moreton Bay convict settlement: origins of Queensland
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The Moreton Bay convict settlement: origins of Queensland
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Drawing showing sections of the Prisoners' Barracks, 1839
49:
The Moreton Bay Penal Settlement was established on the
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In 2009 the Convict Records of Queensland, held by the
1308:
This Knowledge (XXG) article was originally based on
777:(11 October 2022) by Stephanie Ryan published by the
699:(11 October 2022) by Stephanie Ryan published by the
128:'s only surviving convict-constructed buildings: the
773:
This Knowledge (XXG) article incorporates text from
695:
This Knowledge (XXG) article incorporates text from
25:
Watercolour painting of Moreton Bay Settlement, 1835
909:
Historic Brisbane: Convict Settlement to River City
66:decided to relocate the settlement to the current
1264:- UNESCO's Australian Memory of the World Register
459:Archaeological investigations at 40 Queen Street (
92:Female Convict Factory on the site of the present
33:operated from 1825 to 1842. It became the city of
727:. Brisbane City Council Heritage Unit. p. 1.
327:on the block between Margaret and Alice Streets.
240:West elevation of Prisoners' Barracks, circa 1839
455:, laid out from 1825 during the penal settlement
143:declared Moreton Bay open for Free Settlement.
1286:Convicts on Queen Street: Early Brisbane Gaols
817:
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532:The commandants of the penal settlement were:
232:Sketch of the Convict Barracks, Brisbane, 1832
992:"First Brisbane Burial Ground (entry 645609)"
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57:in September 1824, under the instructions of
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1020:"Commissariat Store (former) (entry 600176)"
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1262:The Convict Records of Queensland 1825-1842
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664:"Early Streets of Brisbane (entry 645611)"
473:Eagle Farm Women's Prison and Factory Site
221:was likely completed in late 1828, with a
112:proposing that the settlement be moved to
1329:"Queensland heritage register boundaries"
1256:Moreton Bay Penal Settlement 1824 to 1842
1132:"Dunwich Convict Causeway (entry 601021)"
964:"Brisbane Botanic Gardens (entry 600067)"
922:Brisbane's Historic North Bank: 1825–2005
920:Hadwen, I., J. Hogan and C. Nolan (2004)
867:Brisbane Town in Convict Days, 1824–1842
809:. Cambridge University Press, Melbourne.
1340:licence (accessed on 5 September 2014,
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1197:Royal Historical Society of Queensland
1076:"Kangaroo Point Cliffs (entry 602400)"
926:Royal Historical Society of Queensland
894:Evans, R. and C. Ferrier (eds) (2004)
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108:was an ongoing issue, with Commandant
1274:Colonial Secretary's papers 1822-1877
152:Queensland Government Printing Office
7:
907:de Vries, S. and J. de Vries (2003)
718:
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487:, quarried by the convicts from 1826
896:Radical Brisbane: An Unruly History
825:. Boolarong Publications, Brisbane.
742:"Service Reservoirs (entry 600174)"
357:Layout of Brisbane Town, circa 1839
1322:licence (accessed on 7 July 2014,
1311:"The Queensland heritage register"
1189:"Early commandants of Moreton Bay"
18:Former Australian penal settlement
14:
73:Located on the north bank of the
1303:
1187:Cranfield, Louis Radnor (1964).
823:Brisbane: The first thirty years
768:
690:
509:Dunwich, North Stradbroke Island
1104:"Windmill Tower (entry 600173)"
788:, accessed on 24 January 2023.
710:, accessed on 24 January 2023.
1288:, State Library of Queensland.
1270:, State Library of Queensland.
898:. The Vulgar Press, Melbourne.
871:University of Queensland Press
591:NSW State Archives and Records
432:, farmed by convicts from 1825
1:
1294:, State Library of Queensland
1282:, State Library of Queensland
1276:, State Library of Queensland
1168:. Queensland Heritage Council
1140:. Queensland Heritage Council
1112:. Queensland Heritage Council
1084:. Queensland Heritage Council
1056:. Queensland Heritage Council
1028:. Queensland Heritage Council
1000:. Queensland Heritage Council
972:. Queensland Heritage Council
750:. Queensland Heritage Council
672:. Queensland Heritage Council
310:Lands Administration Building
225:added before September 1829.
1367:Moreton Bay penal settlement
1258:State Library of Queensland.
1165:Queensland Heritage Register
1137:Queensland Heritage Register
1109:Queensland Heritage Register
1081:Queensland Heritage Register
1053:Queensland Heritage Register
1025:Queensland Heritage Register
997:Queensland Heritage Register
969:Queensland Heritage Register
747:Queensland Heritage Register
669:Queensland Heritage Register
441:First Brisbane Burial Ground
332:Commissariat Store, Brisbane
287:Edwards and Chapman Building
31:Moreton Bay Penal Settlement
1250:State Library of Queensland
1222:State Library of Queensland
911:. Pandanus Press, Brisbane.
779:State Library of Queensland
701:State Library of Queensland
595:State Library of Queensland
504:, built by convicts in 1828
449:, built by convicts in 1828
406:State Library of Queensland
79:Roma Street railway station
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1193:Queensland History Journal
453:Early Streets of Brisbane
402:Queensland State Archives
1362:Convictism in Queensland
516:Dunwich Convict Causeway
299:Allan and Stark Building
291:Colonial Mutual Chambers
163:in what is now known as
821:Johnston, W. R. (1988)
283:Hardy Brothers Building
100:at the rear, circa 1850
98:Old St Stephen's Church
597:provide access to the
522:Dunwich Public Reserve
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217:which still stands on
186:, site of the present
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1344:on 15 October 2014).
865:Steele, J. G. (1975)
806:History of Queensland
555:James Oliphant Clunie
485:Kangaroo Point Cliffs
443:, established in 1825
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83:Kangaroo Point Cliffs
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430:City Botanic Gardens
317:City Botanic Gardens
1357:History of Brisbane
1334:State of Queensland
1316:State of Queensland
51:Redcliffe Peninsula
1280:Old Windmill Tower
567:Sydney John Cotton
447:Commissariat Store
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1332:published by the
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802:Evans, R. (2007)
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161:Elizabeth Streets
114:Stradbroke Island
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581:, 1839 -1842
561:Foster Fyans
543:Peter Bishop
537:Henry Miller
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426:Alice Street
420:Brisbane CBD
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94:Brisbane GPO
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68:Brisbane CBD
64:Henry Miller
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1299:Attribution
1202:29 February
928:, Brisbane.
873:, Brisbane.
723:Taylor, H.
579:Owen Gorman
569:, 1837-1839
563:, 1835-1837
557:, 1830-1835
551:, 1826-1830
545:, 1824-1826
528:Commandants
492:Spring Hill
211:Ann Streets
122:Oxley Creek
55:Moreton Bay
1351:Categories
1228:24 January
676:8 December
609:References
467:Eagle Farm
437:North Quay
271:Parliament
184:North Quay
118:Eagle Farm
59:John Oxley
39:Queensland
223:treadmill
1342:archived
1324:archived
1116:1 August
1032:1 August
1004:1 August
976:1 August
948:22 March
754:1 August
601:and the
404:and the
330:The new
207:Adelaide
132:and the
126:Brisbane
35:Brisbane
1172:12 July
1144:12 July
1060:19 June
786:licence
708:licence
586:Indexes
45:History
1336:under
1318:under
1224:. 2022
1088:6 July
781:under
703:under
575:, 1839
539:, 1824
381:, 1838
783:CC BY
705:CC BY
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1204:2020
1174:2013
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