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227:, he accepted the chair of physiology after the refusal of Charles-Édouard Brown-Séquard and started teaching there. In Geneva he continued his research and teaching activities for nearly twenty years, from 1876 until his death at the age of seventy three. The chair of the physiology department of the Geneva medical faculty was then occupied by the neurologist
113:'s anatomy lessons, which instilled in him a passion for biology, zoology and organic life. Schiff then studied zoology with Lichtenberg and morphology with
295:
Schiff was a tireless researcher and according to various testimonies, he multiplied and repeated his experiments, even after some years to verify their results. At the end, he was the author of nearly two hundred scientific publications which were collected in four volumes between 1894 and 1898 (the
85:
Born into a family of Jewish merchants, Moritz Schiff can be considered as the archetype of the great nineteenth-century scientist, one of the pioneers of the experimental method in physiology as well as a polyglot, who published his articles in German, French or
Italian indifferently.
375:
During his stay in Bern, he nurtured the project to publish a complete treatise on physiology, of which only the first volume was finally published between 1858 and 1859 dedicated to the physiology of muscles and nerves. In this volume, he clearly showed that the removing of the thyroid gland from
335:
In circulatory and cardiac physiology, he studied the control of the cardiac and vascular activity by the autonomic nervous system and was the first, in 1850, to demonstrate the existence of a refractory period to the excitability of the heart muscle, and, above all, to give an observation of
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cross reflex or the Schiff-Sherrington phenomenon, and moreover, contributed to the description of the sensory pathways of the spinal cord by simultaneously performing hemisections, as his colleague
Charles-Édouard Brown-Séquard was doing in those
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dogs was fatal, and later showed that the injection of animal extract or thyroid transplantation can prevent death. Subsequently, he successfully used thyroid extract to treat humans.
515:
A. Loucif: Moritz Schiff, la vie et les carnets de laboratoire d'un physiologiste du XIXe siècle. Thèse de Médecine, No 206. Université Louis
Pasteur. Strasbourg, 2003, pag 174.
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1124:"Nineteenth Century Origins of Neuroscientific Concepts. By E. Clarke and L. S. Jacyna. (Pp. 592; illustrated; $ 65.00.) University of California Press: Berkeley. 1987"
99:
488:
J.J. Dreifuss: Moritz Schiff et la transplantation thyroidienne un aspect de début de l'endocrinology expérimatale. Rev. Med. Suisse
Romande, Dec.1984 pag.1957-65.
20:
509:
W. Haymaker, Schiller F.ed.: The founders of neurology, One hundred and forty-six biographical sketches by eighty-eight authors. Springfield (Ill.),1970.
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After moving to Bern for political reason, he was an assistant professor of anatomy and comparative physiology from 1854 to 1862, under the direction of
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Unfortunately despite his independent and original spirit and being a much-cited author, he never reached the popularity of his contemporaries
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F. Vallejo-Manzur, J. Varon, R. Fromm Jr, P. Baskett: Moritz Schiff and the history of open-chest cardiac massage, resuscitation. April 2002.
753:"15. ALESSANDRO HERZEN Gli animali martiri, I loro protettori e la fisiologia a cura di Giovanni Landucci 1996, 173 pp., Giunti, Firenze"
242:
and with the help of these latter two and
Alexandre A. Herzen tried to found a positivist magazine, focused on anticlerical propaganda.
66:
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791:"Cosmos: revue encyclopédique hebdomadaire des progrès des sciences / fondée... par M. B. R. de Monfort; rédigée par M. l'abbé Moigno"
409:
87:
970:"Editorial to selected papers from the 3rd IMEKO International Conference on metrology for archaeology and cultural heritage 2017"
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as a surgeon and for this reason will often be criticized for positions "too dangerous for young people". The son of his teacher
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and showed that nutrients are broken down by digestive juices; these studies allowed him to describe the enterohepatic cycle of
189:
and from 1862 to 1876 professor of physiology and zoology at the
Institute of Higher Studies in Florence at the invitation of
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Jean
Starobinski: Le Concept de cénesthésie et les Idées neuropsychologiques de Moritz Schiff» Gesnerus, vol. 34, 1977, p.2-20
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1242:
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994:
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J.J. Dreifuss: L’arrivée de la physiologie expérimentale à Genève (1876). Rev. Med. Suisse
Romande, 2008, pag. 2288-91.
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439:
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969:
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Anonymous: Moritz Schiff (1823-1896). Experimental physiologist, JAMA. March 25, 1968 Baltimore, Johns
Hopkins Press
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431:
385:
126:
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Nicolaas
Adrianus Rupke: Vivisection in Historical Perspective, London and New York: Routledge, 1987 pag 105-24.
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P. Riedo: Der Physiologe Moritz Schiff (1823-1896) und die Innervation des Herzens., Université de Zürich,1971.
168:
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J.R. Ewald: Schiff, Moritz. Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Band 54, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1908 pag. 8–11.
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to marry Elisabeth Schleuning of Darmstadt in 1860, after his first marriage to Claudia Gitta Trier in 1853.
153:
512:
Józefa Joteyko: La dualité fonctionnelle du muscle par Melle, Revue internationale d'électrothérapie,1904.
497:
M. Feinsod: Moritz Schiff (1823–1896): A Physiologist in Exile. Rambam Maimonides Medical Journal. 2011;2
216:) in animal experiments. This controversy, as well as his lack of means, forced him to leave Florence.
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Ogarev, Nicolas; Herzen, Alexandre (son) (1979). "Lettres de Nicholas Ogarev a Alexandre Herzen Fils".
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Jean Starobinski: Brève histoire de la conscience du corps, in Revue française de psychanalyse. 1981.
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with the systematics of South American birds in his "Conspectus generum avium" and in his honor the
86:He began his studies in his hometown, at the
205:
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947:"Ă€ propos d'un internement non volontaire Ă la fin du XIX: Le cas du professeur Nathan Loewenthal"
265:
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P. Guarnieri: Moritz Schiff (1823-1896). Experimental Physiology and Noble Sentiment in Florence.
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47:
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Georges Surbled: L'influx nerveux et l'électricité, Revue internationale d'électrothérapie.1891.
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H. Friedenwald: Notes on Moritz Schiff (1823-1896). Chapter XXXVI: The Jews and medicine.1944.
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316:, as well as the innervation of the heart. He then described what will later be called the
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Leçons sur la physiologie de la digestion faites au Muséum d'histoire Naturelle de Florence
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and devoted himself to research in a small personal laboratory and in 1848 served in the
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Regarding the nervous system physiology, he studied the functions of the vagus nerve,
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Vallejo-Manzur, Federico; Varon, Joseph; Fromm, Robert; Baskett, Peter (2002-04-01).
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Untersuchungen zur Physiologie des Nervensystems mit BerĂĽcksichtigung der Pathologie
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694:"Moritz Schiff (1823-96): experimental physiology and noble sentiment in Florence"
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979:– via ASTUT, archivio scientifico e tecnologico dell' universitĂ di Torino.
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IMEKO International Conference on Metrology for Archaeology and Cultural Heritage
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last volume posthumous) and covered many areas of human and animal physiology:
133:. In this period he had the chance to see real life applications of zoology at
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Zuckerbildund in der Leber und den Einfluss des Nervensystems auf die Diabetes
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Ueber die Rolle des pankratischen Saftes und der Galle bei Auf nahme der Fette
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J. J. Dreifuss: Moritz Schiff et la vivisection. Gesnerus, 1985 pag. 289-303.
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Lausanne, B. Benda, libraire- Ă©diteur 1894- 1898, published in four volumes (
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Lehrbuch der Physiologie des Menschen - Teil I. Muskel- und Nervenphysiologie
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Without ever founding a school, he had as pupils, disciples or assistants:
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open-chest heart massage in animals, paving the way for the first cardiac
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He made major contributions to human physiology, including studies of the
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in Göttingen. He also stayed in Paris where he followed the teachings of
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Contribution Ă la physiologie: De l'inflammation et de la circulation
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He will also defend the theses of evolution that were put forward by
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K.E. Rothschuh: History of Physiology, Huntington NY, Krieger, 1973.
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Vivisection in Historical Perspective / Edited by Nicolaas A. Rupke
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Finally, he was interested in the effects of various anesthetics (
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208:. At the end, however, he was one of the first to use anesthesia (
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Corresponding members of the Saint Petersburg Academy of Sciences
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Lezioni di fisiologia sperimentale sul sistema nervoso encefalico
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398:, Verlag von Meidinger Sohn & Comp. Frankfurt-am-Main, 1857
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He was then violently criticized and even sued by leagues who
1078:"Moritz Schiff and the history of open-chest cardiac massage"
43:(1834-1915), particularly known for his staining technique.
995:"L'arrivée de la physiologie expérimentale à Genève (1876)"
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Gasser, Jacques; Heller, Geneviève; Jeanmonod, Gilles.
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Mortiz Schiff is identified, like his correspondents
817:"Moritz Schiff (1823–1896): A Physiologist in Exile"
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Officers of the Order of Saints Maurice and Lazarus
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Collection historique de l'Institut d'Ă©tudes slaves
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to which he gave his name (Schiff's biliary cycle).
324:In digestive physiology, he researched the role of
109:as one of his masters and was deeply influenced by
102:where he obtained a doctorate in medicine in 1844.
663:. Vol. 1. Lugduni Batavorum: Apud E.J. Brill.
674:Valentin, Gabriel Gustav (23 November 1985).
148:Back in Frankfurt, he became director of the
8:
968:Fusoni, Mario; Galloni, Marco (2018-10-24).
125:, later professor at the College de France,
633:"SCHIFF, Moritz in "Dizionario Biografico""
436:Herman Loescher, Florence & Turin, 1867
238:and Carl Vogt, as one of the proponents of
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448:La pupille considérée comme esthésiomètre
1253:Academic staff of the University of Bern
1164:The Thyroid Gland in Medical History ...
419:Schweizerische Zeitschrift fĂĽr Heilkunde
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275:He was appointed foreign partner of the
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406:, Lahr, Schauenburg & C. 1858-1859
291:Bird belonging to the genus Schiffornis
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906:"Los infortunios de Waldemar Haffkine"
711:Dreifuss, Jean Jacques (1985-11-19).
551:
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444:, J.-B. Baillière et fils, Paris,1873
167:In the following years Schiff helped
39:and the elder brother of the chemist
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1021:"The biliary cycle of Moritz Schiff"
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454:Recueil des mémoires physiologiques.
390:Stahël'sche, Frankfurt-am-Main, 1855
249:with whom he corresponded as well.
657:Bonaparte, Charles-Lucien (1850).
428:, Hermann loescher, Florence, 1865
14:
821:Rambam Maimonides Medical Journal
713:"Moritz Schiff et la vivisection"
303:The enterohepatic or Schiff cycle
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27:Moritz Schiff (28 January 1823,
993:Dreifuss, Jean-Jacques (2008).
923:10.4067/s0716-10182003020200032
910:Revista chilena de infectologĂa
880:"Darwin Correspondence Project"
164:was killed during this revolt.
135:the Musée du Jardin des Plantes
1248:University of Göttingen alumni
1238:19th-century German physicians
1233:19th-century German biologists
1161:Iason, Alfred Herbert (1946).
1019:Reuben, Adrian (August 2005).
90:, from which he then moved to
1:
1094:10.1016/S0300-9572(02)00028-X
904:LEDERMANN D., WALTER (2003).
884:Darwin Correspondence Project
582:(2250): 375–380. 1904-02-13.
558:The Jews and Medicine: Essays
414:, Stahël'sche, Würzburg, 1859
158:revolutionary troops of Baden
67:Charles-Édouard Brown-Séquard
219:Thanks to the initiative of
730:10.1163/22977953-0420304008
556:Friedenwald, Harry (1944).
422:, J. Dalp'schen, Bern, 1862
351:...) and toxic substances (
223:, soon to be Rector of the
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1218:Scientists from Frankfurt
1140:10.1017/s0033291700008527
676:"Gabriel-Gustav Valentin"
660:Conspectus generum avium
450:, Paris, Baillière, 1875
338:resuscitation manoeuvres
169:Charles-Lucien Bonaparte
117:in Berlin and then with
951:Psychiatrie et Violence
815:Feinsod, Moshe (2011).
769:10.1163/182539199x01453
127:François Achille Longet
1128:Psychological Medicine
692:Guarnieri, P. (1987).
588:10.1136/bmj.1.2250.375
560:. pp. chapter 13.
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178:He then converted to
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88:Senckenberg Institute
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63:Hermann von Helmholtz
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1243:German physiologists
1134:(3): 772–773. 1987.
277:Accademia dei Lincei
225:University of Geneva
200:University of Geneva
59:Emil du Bois-Reymond
254:Alexandre A. Herzen
206:opposed vivisection
162:Friedrich Tiedemann
144:GĹ‘ttingen Institute
111:Friedrich Tiedemann
81:Moritz Schiff, 1876
16:German physiologist
833:10.5041/RMMJ.10064
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229:Jean-Louis Prévost
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154:Senckenberg Museum
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48:circulatory system
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886:. 8 May 1876
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340:in medicine.
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37:physiologist
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1228:1896 deaths
1223:1823 births
318:Sherrington
310:spinal cord
240:materialism
52:vagus nerve
41:Hugo Schiff
1212:Categories
1088:(1): 3–5.
1025:Hepatology
890:2022-07-03
801:2022-07-03
643:2022-07-03
353:strychnine
345:chloroform
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