473:
334:(built in 1939). Of 127 thousand Ravensbrück prisoners, only 30 thousand survived. Krack apparently defended prostitutes and "asocials" from transfer to Lichtenburg, believing that they (unlike political and religious prisoners) belong in the workhouse rather than in the concentration camps. After the first shipments to Lichtenburg the share of Jehovah's Witnesses rose to 89% in December 1937 (249 of 280 prisoners).
2544:
463:
Himmler's system ultimately failed to produce the desired deterrent effect, and "asocial-criminal rather than political-opposition" (in
Himmler's words) youth "cliques" or gangs continued to spread. By the time the Allies liberated the camp on April 9, 1945, an estimated 1,400 boys had passed through
200:
assumed formal control over
Moringen. However, Hugo Krack retained his managerial position and civilian administration remained responsible for ensuring relatively humane conditions. Life in Moringen was filled not with physical violence and terror but with monotony and depression. Food was "utterly
184:
In
October 1933, after another round of negotiation between provincial administration and the Ministry of Interior, Moringen was designated as the sole official concentration camp for the women. Male prisoners were gradually moved to other prisons and camps throughout summer and autumn. Some were
175:
on May 1, 1933, and prisoner turnover remained high through the summer. According to the agreement between workhouse administration and the police, the capacity was set at three hundred, and was quickly filled up, reaching 394 in
October. The camp housed primarily men and a few women in a special
120:
Arrests of political opposition in the beginning of 1933 and the resulting demand for prison space prompted
Hanover administrators to relieve themselves of the costly, under-used Moringen facility. They struck a deal with police and the latter took control of most of Moringen workhouse; former
337:
In March 1938 Moringen concentration camp was closed; up to 1,350 women had been its prisoners in 1933–1938. The number, for lack of comprehensive records, has been reconstructed based on turnover and average population; only 856 names were identified. Discrepancies in numbers also arise from
53:), originally housed mostly male political inmates. In November 1933 - March 1938 Moringen housed a women's concentration camp; in June 1940 - April 1945 a juvenile prison. A total of 4,300 people were prisoners of Moringen; an estimated ten percent of them died in the camp.
306:
Every three months Krack reported prisoners' conduct to the
Gestapo, collecting information through conversations, interrogations, the guards and his own informants among the prisoners. He defended some prisoners and denied sympathy to others, specifically
321:
was not involved in
Moringen affairs until his personal visit in May 1937. He initiated a review of women's camps, and in October 1937 made a decision to close Moringen and relocate its prisoners. Shipments to a larger and "incomparably worse"
241:
and
Jehovah's Witnesses, but by 1936 the system also "detained" members of other "undesirable" social groups. Moringen absorbed labor union activities, women who returned from emigration (since March 1935), prostitutes and those charged with
2402:
286:
were labeled "professional criminals" (for accepting pay for an illegal activity), but later the
Gestapo reclassified them as "politicals". Others had multiple "faults" behind them, i.e. a particular person was a Jew as well as a
311:, considering them "orderly" but "unteachable" or "incurable"; however, in February 1937 he recommended release of a Jehovah's Witness, admitting his long-time failure to reform her. Krack also approved, and, perhaps, prompted
2783:
448:. The barracks or huts were carefully designed to fit into Ritter's "criminally-biological" scheme of things. Prisoners could hope to be released provided that they progress through the system until reaching the
4051:
1108:
Burleigh, Wippermann p. 226, cite
Himmler's circular dated October 25, 1944. Further on the same page, the authors argue that at least some gangs had political significance, i.e. the murder of the chief of the
249:
The number of women in Moringen was small until the beginning of 1937: 128 in October 1933, 141 in November, 75 in early 1934. Turnover remained high. In January 1937, the population began rising in line with
4078:
121:
workhouse inmates were confined to a few rooms, sealed off from the main, now "political" facility. This "welfare" section of Moringen facility operated in its original function almost until the end of
1365:
354:, proposed a new system of "youth custody"; in Autumn 1940 it was furthered by the Ministry of Defence. In June 1940 Moringen was repopulated again, this time as a juvenile concentration camp (
3713:
356:
226:
42:
1242:
4103:
3748:
511:
251:
1602:
417:
and supervised a force of 85 SS guards. The complete system of "youth custody" was created by Himmler in 1943 and 1944. Other camps set up according to the same model were
330:(a former male camp established in 1933) began as soon as it was converted to a women's camp in December 1937; later, many Lichtenburg prisoners ended up and perished in
3879:
2755:
2861:
3464:
2336:
2317:
501:
4083:
452:– a barrack for those "ready for discharge", usually to military service. By October 1943, the first batch was released, 26 of 276 prisoners, including five to
1360:
379:, in particular, were subject to mass arrests as of June 1942; between 40 and 70 of them ended in concentration camps, including Moringen. One of these kids,
4231:
2866:
2778:
1355:
3782:
3606:
2329:
456:. Those who did not "progress" sufficiently to the authorities' satisfaction were relegated to the barracks for "nuisances" and "the incapable". Most were
3743:
2670:
2966:
2307:
716:
3817:
3266:
2440:
2392:
1995:
4165:
3686:
3414:
2809:
2760:
2578:
506:
254:
and "habitual criminals" and reached 446 in November 1937; 227 of them were Jehovah's Witnesses. Of 676 researched female prisoners of Moringen,
2990:
2407:
4246:
4241:
1483:
1230:
1205:
1180:
1154:
955:
213:
and were even permitted to have their personal lockers (subject to searching). They were not issued prison uniforms and did not have to wear
3370:
2788:
2628:
2324:
1380:
440:
Moringen became the first juvenile camp where prisoners were assigned to barracks based on their biological characteristics according to
4175:
4008:
3653:
3116:
2856:
176:"protective custody section for women"; The first female prisoners arrived in Moringen in June, and by August their number reached 26.
3204:
2363:
1387:
2985:
2730:
73:" for the "depraved and dangerous" men and women - tramps, prostitutes and beggars; by 1885, when Hanover was incorporated into the
3000:
2936:
422:
331:
3771:
3228:
3005:
2946:
2921:
2710:
2638:
1293:
323:
2849:
2844:
2514:
1692:
1452:
1445:
1370:
1195:
3666:
3479:
2941:
1375:
433:
for Polish youths (established 1942 to prevent mixing of Poles and Germans in the same camps), where approximately 500 died;
186:
3641:
4138:
3978:
3141:
3048:
2995:
2976:
2956:
2926:
2819:
1860:
1818:
4003:
3636:
3566:
3194:
3063:
3038:
2916:
2382:
1633:
418:
152:
guards, although initially Krack retained control of the whole facility. The SS took full control in July, following a
108:
Educator Hugo Krack (born 1888) became head of Moringen workhouse in 1930, managed it until 1954, and was the chief of
4185:
4170:
4071:
3917:
3841:
3053:
3010:
2971:
2871:
2705:
2571:
2129:
3163:
2164:
4043:
3922:
3892:
3811:
3728:
3561:
3199:
3097:
3058:
3015:
2951:
2824:
2700:
2343:
2229:
1850:
1597:
1440:
1142:
81:
workhouse". In 1890 capacity reached 800 inmates although actual headcount fluctuated with economic conditions and
3681:
3496:
3043:
3020:
2931:
2793:
2645:
2633:
2620:
2273:
1830:
394:
205:; the right was collectively revoked as a penalty); they had time, strength and tools to pursue their hobbies of
945:
4160:
4115:
3661:
2980:
2961:
2908:
2892:
2839:
2834:
2745:
2735:
2725:
2677:
2660:
2650:
2615:
2610:
2605:
2486:
2430:
2214:
2200:
1730:
1567:
1493:
1469:
1435:
526:
457:
312:
3586:
3441:
2134:
1216:
4153:
4143:
3869:
3423:
3220:
3151:
2829:
2814:
2740:
2720:
2715:
2695:
2665:
2655:
2481:
2435:
2387:
2189:
1222:
1168:
258:
310, or 46% were Jehovah's Witnesses from rural Eastern Germany; they were, on average, around 45 years old;
3375:
720:
338:
separate and confusing recordkeeping for the inmates of concentration camp (SS) and the workhouse (Krack).
4236:
3864:
3631:
3110:
2688:
2682:
2564:
2253:
2074:
1935:
1763:
1350:
717:"Explanatory Notes on the Concentration Camp Moringen and details on the work carried out at the Memorial"
481:
308:
4098:
3723:
3676:
3340:
3091:
2529:
2286:
1925:
1870:
531:
89:
although the number of inmates shrank to around one hundred and the workhouse itself gradually became a
367:), housing male prisoners from 13 to 22 years of age. Punishable activities ranged from true crime to
4061:
3998:
3927:
3581:
3365:
3256:
3234:
3129:
3124:
3105:
2519:
2412:
2302:
2084:
1918:
1913:
1648:
1643:
1638:
1488:
1286:
464:
the camp. The exact number of deaths remains unknown, but 56 are known to have died inside the camp.
351:
3284:
4148:
4056:
3902:
3489:
3274:
2459:
2292:
1704:
1685:
1673:
1508:
918:
Harder & Hesse (2001 p. 41) provide detailed analysis by group for three different time frames.
453:
434:
168:
161:
78:
3528:
3523:
3030:
2509:
2219:
2154:
1950:
1835:
1813:
1808:
1803:
1758:
1612:
1582:
1338:
407:
66:
18:
472:
404:
4133:
3993:
3824:
3738:
3705:
3619:
3436:
3402:
2469:
2464:
2297:
2064:
2044:
1973:
1798:
1678:
1577:
1498:
1459:
1226:
1201:
1176:
1150:
951:
947:
Queer Jewish Lives Between Central Europe and Mandatory Palestine: Biographies and Geographies
488:, and in 1948 again became a provincial workhouse. Today there is a holocaust memorial house (
246:
of the State". Some were delivered in "utter mental collapse" caused by prior interrogations.
221:
prisoners were prohibited from communicating with others, but enforcement proved impossible.
4110:
4088:
3907:
3897:
3626:
3614:
3596:
3533:
3279:
3241:
2493:
2312:
2278:
2258:
2179:
2174:
2104:
2049:
1945:
1930:
1823:
1716:
1658:
1551:
1130:
347:
318:
141:
102:
4180:
4020:
4013:
3830:
3733:
3591:
3571:
3484:
3320:
2547:
2502:
2263:
2234:
2149:
2144:
2124:
2094:
2059:
1962:
1955:
1840:
1541:
1279:
414:
360:
230:
201:
inadequate" but prisoners were allowed to receive money, packages and letters (subject to
86:
46:
1146:
267:
6%, including survivor Gabriele Herz who wrote memoirs of life in Moringen, were former
4093:
3988:
3887:
3858:
3550:
3514:
3474:
3469:
3294:
3179:
3086:
2476:
2348:
2224:
2169:
2159:
2115:
2024:
2014:
2004:
1982:
1793:
1770:
1663:
1561:
1546:
1503:
1401:
275:
214:
145:
90:
4225:
3983:
3912:
3803:
3671:
3501:
3458:
3304:
3289:
2587:
2397:
2099:
2079:
2034:
2019:
1906:
1897:
1786:
1735:
1725:
1536:
1515:
1411:
521:
485:
441:
390:
296:
282:
Prisoner groups were not defined clearly, for example, women arrested for performing
185:
released, others transported to different camps; the last men from Moringen left for
157:
153:
149:
85:. A women's wing was set up in 1909. The workhouse operated through the years of the
74:
560:
Definition of KZ Moringen as three distinct camps, rather than one, is supported by
430:
4195:
3345:
3330:
3325:
3299:
3252:
3184:
3146:
2896:
2358:
2184:
2139:
2089:
2069:
2054:
2009:
1940:
1865:
1709:
1592:
1531:
1476:
1464:
1426:
1345:
1173:
Persecution and resistance of Jehovah's Witnesses during the Nazi regime, 1933-1945
516:
445:
122:
82:
29:
268:
397:; he died at the age of 43 of heart failure linked to his captivity and torture.
4201:
3718:
3335:
3189:
2524:
2039:
1885:
1855:
1699:
1572:
1191:
1135:
536:
300:
128:
This "early" concentration camp in Moringen, one of the first established after
4190:
4025:
3798:
3576:
2029:
1875:
1779:
1742:
1668:
1556:
1394:
541:
385:
380:
372:
243:
238:
206:
202:
137:
133:
1257:
1244:
160:
the prisoners. The camp was governed by a mix of workhouse and prison rules;
4030:
3836:
2209:
1890:
1524:
1320:
1197:
The women's camp in Moringen: a memoir of imprisonment in Germany, 1936-1937
70:
62:
37:
3691:
97:
ascension to power, the place provided shelter to around 150 inmates; all
3556:
3356:
1880:
1845:
1653:
1587:
460:
and sent to "ordinary" concentration camps on their eighteenth birthday.
283:
171:). The first ones appeared in Moringen in April 1933, although many were
24:
1329:
1114:
1110:
376:
288:
193:
172:
98:
36:, established in the centre of the town on site of former 19th century
164:
was prohibited but guards were authorized to shoot escapees on sight.
4066:
1751:
1624:
1607:
1302:
492:) in Moringen. Established in 1993, it shows a permanent exhibition.
327:
292:
210:
1169:"Female Jehovah's Witnesses in Moringen Women's Concentration camp"
224:
Initially, the camp was filled by members of political opposition (
3431:
2353:
471:
861:
859:
857:
855:
853:
851:
69:
took over the property for a prison. By 1838 it housed a "police
2556:
745:
743:
741:
739:
737:
590:
588:
586:
584:
582:
411:
368:
196:
leased the facility from the provincial administration and thus
129:
94:
3948:
3769:
3400:
2890:
2560:
1275:
218:
156:
in June that was broken by shutting down the water supply and
944:
Kraß, Andreas; Sluhovsky, Moshe; Yonay, Yuval (2021-12-31).
802:
800:
798:
401:
197:
61:
History of forced confinement in Moringen goes back to an
1271:
1218:
Different Drummers: Jazz in the Culture of Nazi Germany
125:, providing temporary asylum to people unfit for work.
116:
Male camp for political opposition, April–November 1933
132:
ascension to power, was set up in April 1933 for the
4126:
4042:
3971:
3878:
3850:
3791:
3704:
3652:
3605:
3542:
3512:
3450:
3422:
3413:
3354:
3313:
3265:
3251:
3213:
3172:
3072:
3029:
2907:
2802:
2771:
2598:
2448:
2422:
2374:
2242:
2199:
2114:
1994:
1623:
1425:
1309:
167:All prisoners were residents of Lower Saxony (then
1134:
512:Persecution of Jehovah's Witnesses in Nazi Germany
252:increased repressions against Jehovah's Witnesses
991:
865:
749:
594:
437:(September 1943) and Volpriehausen (July 1944).
291:, but was actually arrested for gossiping about
3724:Civilians targeted during anti-partisan warfare
2319:National Socialist Movement in the Netherlands
502:Category:Moringen concentration camp survivors
93:facility rather than a prison. By the time of
4084:Nazis and Nazi Collaborators (Punishment) Law
2572:
1287:
8:
2500:
2491:
2338:National Socialist Workers' Party of Denmark
1980:
1971:
1960:
1904:
1895:
1777:
1768:
1749:
1740:
1714:
1683:
1522:
1513:
1474:
1450:
1409:
1399:
1385:
1336:
1327:
1318:
3783:List of major perpetrators of the Holocaust
1003:
897:
806:
561:
299:. One lesbian to be interned was bar owner
264:14% were arrested for "derogatory remarks";
3968:
3945:
3788:
3766:
3419:
3410:
3397:
3262:
2904:
2887:
2595:
2579:
2565:
2557:
1294:
1280:
1272:
2308:German National Movement in Liechtenstein
237:, "protective detainees"), predominantly
1024:
1022:
1020:
1018:
1016:
1014:
1012:
914:
912:
910:
908:
906:
884:
882:
880:
878:
876:
874:
827:
825:
823:
821:
819:
817:
815:
788:
786:
784:
782:
780:
778:
768:
766:
764:
762:
760:
758:
1095:
1093:
1091:
1089:
1061:
1059:
1049:
1047:
1045:
1043:
978:
976:
930:
928:
926:
924:
841:
839:
837:
695:
693:
691:
689:
687:
685:
675:
673:
663:
661:
659:
657:
655:
653:
651:
641:
639:
629:
627:
625:
553:
507:List of Nazi-German concentration camps
1028:Herz, Caplan & Hartig 2006, p. 39.
888:Herz, Caplan & Hartig 2006, p. 25.
831:Herz, Caplan & Hartig 2006, p. 27.
699:Herz, Caplan & Hartig 2006, p. 23.
679:Herz, Caplan & Hartig 2006, p. 41.
667:Herz, Caplan & Hartig 2006, p. 22.
645:Herz, Caplan & Hartig 2006, p. 21.
633:Herz, Caplan & Hartig 2006, p. 19.
615:
613:
611:
609:
607:
605:
603:
572:
570:
480:In 1945 Moringen site was reused as a
180:Female camp, October 1933 – March 1938
792:Herz, Caplan & Hartig 2006, p. 33
772:Herz, Caplan & Hartig 2006, p. 24
711:
709:
707:
705:
342:Juvenile camp, June 1940 – April 1945
65:established in 1738 or 1732. In 1818
7:
3371:Reich Association of Jews in Germany
2325:National Socialist Movement of Chile
1167:Harder, Jurgen; Hesse, Hans (2001).
1137:The racial state: Germany, 1933-1945
4232:Nazi concentration camps in Germany
4176:Armenian genocide and the Holocaust
970:Harder & Hesse 2001, pp. 49-50.
2364:World Union of National Socialists
1484:Adolf Hitler's cult of personality
1388:Nationalsozialistische Monatshefte
274:4% were arrested for violation of
14:
2403:Last surviving war crime suspects
32:, from April 1933 to April 1945.
3739:Polish leaders and intellectuals
3229:Concentration Camps Inspectorate
2543:
2542:
2393:Nazi Party leaders and officials
421:for girls and young women (near
393:and became Secretary-General of
383:, later survived the sinking of
136:of political opposition, mostly
57:Moringen workhouse, 1730s – 1933
2515:Political views of Adolf Hitler
1133:; Wippermann, Wolfgang (1991).
982:Harder & Hesse 2001, p. 50.
934:Harder & Hesse 2001, p. 43.
845:Harder & Hesse 2001, p. 40.
619:Harder & Hesse 2001, p. 36.
576:Harder & Hesse 2001, p. 37.
476:Memorial house in Moringen city
3667:Attack on the twentieth convoy
3480:1941 pogroms in eastern Poland
2408:Speeches given by Adolf Hitler
1037:Harder & Hesse 2001, p. 41
992:Herz, Caplan & Hartig 2006
866:Herz, Caplan & Hartig 2006
750:Herz, Caplan & Hartig 2006
595:Herz, Caplan & Hartig 2006
517:Women's rights in Nazi Germany
324:Lichtenburg concentration camp
187:Oranienburg concentration camp
105:, housed around one thousand.
1:
2349:Ossewabrandwag (South Africa)
4247:20th century in Lower Saxony
4242:Physicians in the Nazi Party
4004:Jewish war conspiracy theory
3195:Extermination through labour
2383:Bibliography of Adolf Hitler
1634:Aestheticization of politics
1161:Moringen concentration camp.
419:Uckermark concentration camp
4186:Righteous Among the Nations
2872:Righteous Among the Nations
2330:National Socialist Movement
2298:Arrow Cross Party (Hungary)
1099:Burleigh, Wippermann p. 226
1053:Burleigh, Wippermann p. 224
719:(in German). Archived from
450:Block der Erziehungsfähigen
4263:
3923:Ukrainian Auxiliary Police
3893:Lithuanian Security Police
3812:Reich Security Main Office
2779:Evidence and documentation
2344:Nordic Resistance Movement
1441:National Socialist Program
1215:Kater, Michael H. (2003).
1143:Cambridge University Press
22:operated in succession in
4139:Books and other resources
3967:
3944:
3778:
3765:
3409:
3396:
2903:
2886:
2671:Bulgarian-occupied Greece
2594:
2540:
2313:Nasjonal Samling (Norway)
1194:; Hartig, Howard (2006).
544:, juvenile inmate in 1935
395:World Medical Association
350:, concerned about rising
3729:People with disabilities
3662:Aid and Rescue Committee
2215:Nazi concentration camps
1731:Economic interventionism
1693:Jewish conspiracy theory
1494:Night of the Long Knives
1470:Religion in Nazi Germany
1171:. In Hesse, Hans (ed.).
562:Harder & Hesse (2001
527:Compulsory sterilization
427:Polen-Jugendverwahrlager
415:Reichskriminalpolizeiamt
313:compulsory sterilization
3870:Order Police battalions
2359:Tsagaan Khas (Mongolia)
1223:Oxford University Press
1004:Harder & Hesse 2001
898:Harder & Hesse 2001
807:Harder & Hesse 2001
101:workhouses, hit by the
3719:Soviet urban residents
2810:International response
2784:Contemporary knowledge
2501:
2492:
1981:
1972:
1961:
1936:Social interventionism
1905:
1896:
1778:
1769:
1764:Greater Germanic Reich
1750:
1741:
1715:
1684:
1523:
1514:
1475:
1451:
1446:Hitler's rise to power
1410:
1400:
1386:
1351:League of German Girls
1337:
1328:
1319:
482:displaced persons camp
477:
364:
234:
50:
4166:Memorials and museums
4104:Reparations Agreement
4099:Holocaust restitution
3677:Le Chambon-sur-Lignon
3200:Human experimentation
3039:Auschwitz II-Birkenau
2230:Human experimentation
1926:Reactionary modernism
1871:Anti-Slavic sentiment
1598:Human experimentation
1330:Geheime Staatspolizei
950:. transcript Verlag.
532:Reichstag Fire Decree
475:
215:identification badges
3366:Jewish Ghetto Police
3235:Politische Abteilung
3130:Risiera di San Sabba
2991:Natzweiler-Struthof
2303:German American Bund
1644:Anti-intellectualism
1489:Enabling Act of 1933
1258:51.70083°N 9.87167°E
352:juvenile delinquency
261:22% were Communists;
4144:Days of remembrance
4057:Holocaust survivors
4052:Depopulated shtetls
3903:Rollkommando Hamann
3749:Jehovah's Witnesses
3567:Kamianets-Podilskyi
2629:Bohemia and Moravia
2423:Role and impact in
2293:American Nazi Party
1705:Cult of personality
1674:Class collaboration
1583:Extermination camps
1568:Concentration camps
1509:Anti-Comintern Pact
1254: /
454:Reichsarbeitsdienst
435:Weissensee (Berlin)
389:, emigrated to the
309:Jehovah's Witnesses
169:Province of Hanover
162:corporal punishment
144:. It was manned by
19:concentration camps
4127:History and memory
4031:Forced euthanasia
3979:Nazi racial policy
3682:Danish underground
3529:Operation Reinhard
3524:Wannsee Conference
2510:German Romanticism
2398:Nazi Party members
2220:Extermination camp
1613:Racial segregation
1339:Deutsches Jungvolk
1200:. Berghahn Books.
1175:. Berghahn Books.
478:
189:in November 1933.
77:, it was renamed "
67:Kingdom of Hanover
4219:
4218:
4215:
4214:
4211:
4210:
4062:Sh'erit ha-Pletah
4009:Jewish emigration
3999:Hitler's prophecy
3994:Haavara Agreement
3940:
3939:
3936:
3935:
3928:Ypatingasis būrys
3825:Sicherheitsdienst
3761:
3760:
3757:
3756:
3700:
3699:
3620:Bielski partisans
3392:
3391:
3388:
3387:
3384:
3383:
3223:Totenkopfverbände
2882:
2881:
2554:
2553:
2095:Strasser (Gregor)
1974:Volksgemeinschaft
1919:Völkisch movement
1914:Völkisch equality
1499:Nuremberg rallies
1460:German rearmament
1263:51.70083; 9.87167
1232:978-0-19-516553-1
1207:978-1-84545-077-9
1182:978-3-86108-750-2
1156:978-0-521-39802-2
1131:Burleigh, Michael
957:978-3-8394-5332-2
429:Litzmannstadt in
365:Jugendschutzlager
4254:
4111:Holocaust denial
4089:Nuremberg trials
4079:Postwar violence
4034:
3969:
3946:
3908:Special Brigades
3898:Nederlandsche SS
3865:Police Regiments
3789:
3767:
3627:Ghetto uprisings
3615:Jewish partisans
3562:Harvest Festival
3534:Holocaust trains
3420:
3411:
3398:
3263:
3159:
3137:
3119:
3100:
3082:
2905:
2888:
2596:
2581:
2574:
2567:
2558:
2546:
2545:
2506:
2497:
2494:Drang nach Osten
2339:
2320:
2190:von Sebottendorf
1986:
1977:
1966:
1946:State capitalism
1931:Social Darwinism
1910:
1901:
1783:
1774:
1755:
1746:
1720:
1689:
1686:Dolchstoßlegende
1659:Authoritarianism
1552:Nuremberg trials
1528:
1519:
1480:
1456:
1415:
1405:
1391:
1342:
1333:
1324:
1296:
1289:
1282:
1273:
1269:
1268:
1266:
1265:
1264:
1259:
1255:
1252:
1251:
1250:
1247:
1236:
1211:
1190:Herz, Gabriele;
1186:
1163:
1140:
1118:
1106:
1100:
1097:
1084:
1081:
1075:
1072:
1066:
1063:
1054:
1051:
1038:
1035:
1029:
1026:
1007:
1001:
995:
989:
983:
980:
971:
968:
962:
961:
941:
935:
932:
919:
916:
901:
895:
889:
886:
869:
863:
846:
843:
832:
829:
810:
804:
793:
790:
773:
770:
753:
747:
732:
731:
729:
728:
713:
700:
697:
680:
677:
668:
665:
646:
643:
634:
631:
620:
617:
598:
592:
577:
574:
565:
558:
400:Camp commander,
359:
348:Heinrich Himmler
229:
142:social democrats
103:Great Depression
51:Landeswerkhäuser
45:
4262:
4261:
4257:
4256:
4255:
4253:
4252:
4251:
4222:
4221:
4220:
4207:
4122:
4038:
4032:
4021:Madagascar Plan
4014:Kindertransport
3963:
3962:
3932:
3874:
3846:
3831:Ordnungspolizei
3787:
3774:
3753:
3696:
3648:
3601:
3572:Maly Trostenets
3543:Mass executions
3538:
3508:
3446:
3405:
3380:
3350:
3309:
3247:
3209:
3168:
3157:
3135:
3117:
3098:
3080:
3068:
3025:
2899:
2878:
2798:
2789:Hidden children
2767:
2625:Czechoslovakia
2590:
2585:
2555:
2550:
2536:
2535:
2534:
2520:Racial theories
2503:Generalplan Ost
2450:
2444:
2424:
2418:
2417:
2416:
2388:Nazi ideologues
2370:
2369:
2368:
2337:
2332:(United States)
2331:
2318:
2244:
2238:
2235:Romani genocide
2202:
2195:
2194:
2193:
2110:
2109:
2108:
2100:Strasser (Otto)
1990:
1989:
1988:
1963:Gleichschaltung
1956:Totalitarianism
1841:One-party state
1649:Anti-liberalism
1619:
1618:
1617:
1542:Tripartite Pact
1453:Machtergreifung
1421:
1420:
1419:
1305:
1300:
1262:
1260:
1256:
1253:
1248:
1245:
1243:
1241:
1240:
1233:
1214:
1208:
1189:
1183:
1166:
1157:
1129:
1126:
1121:
1107:
1103:
1098:
1087:
1082:
1078:
1073:
1069:
1064:
1057:
1052:
1041:
1036:
1032:
1027:
1010:
1002:
998:
994:, p. 23-5.
990:
986:
981:
974:
969:
965:
958:
943:
942:
938:
933:
922:
917:
904:
896:
892:
887:
872:
864:
849:
844:
835:
830:
813:
805:
796:
791:
776:
771:
756:
748:
735:
726:
724:
715:
714:
703:
698:
683:
678:
671:
666:
649:
644:
637:
632:
623:
618:
601:
593:
580:
575:
568:
559:
555:
551:
498:
490:KZ-Gedenkstätte
470:
405:Sturmbannführer
355:
344:
235:Schutzhäftlinge
225:
182:
118:
87:Weimar Republic
59:
41:
12:
11:
5:
4260:
4258:
4250:
4249:
4244:
4239:
4234:
4224:
4223:
4217:
4216:
4213:
4212:
4209:
4208:
4206:
4205:
4198:
4193:
4188:
4183:
4178:
4173:
4168:
4163:
4158:
4157:
4156:
4146:
4141:
4136:
4130:
4128:
4124:
4123:
4121:
4120:
4119:
4118:
4116:trivialization
4108:
4107:
4106:
4096:
4094:Eichmann trial
4091:
4086:
4081:
4076:
4075:
4074:
4069:
4064:
4054:
4048:
4046:
4040:
4039:
4037:
4036:
4028:
4023:
4018:
4017:
4016:
4006:
4001:
3996:
3991:
3989:Nuremberg Laws
3986:
3981:
3975:
3973:
3972:Early elements
3965:
3964:
3961:
3960:
3957:
3954:
3953:Early elements
3950:
3949:
3942:
3941:
3938:
3937:
3934:
3933:
3931:
3930:
3925:
3920:
3915:
3910:
3905:
3900:
3895:
3890:
3888:Arajs Kommando
3884:
3882:
3876:
3875:
3873:
3872:
3867:
3862:
3859:Einsatzgruppen
3854:
3852:
3848:
3847:
3845:
3844:
3839:
3834:
3828:
3822:
3821:
3820:
3809:
3801:
3795:
3793:
3786:
3785:
3779:
3776:
3775:
3772:Responsibility
3770:
3763:
3762:
3759:
3758:
3755:
3754:
3752:
3751:
3746:
3741:
3736:
3731:
3726:
3721:
3716:
3710:
3708:
3702:
3701:
3698:
3697:
3695:
3694:
3689:
3684:
3679:
3674:
3669:
3664:
3658:
3656:
3650:
3649:
3647:
3646:
3645:
3644:
3639:
3634:
3624:
3623:
3622:
3611:
3609:
3603:
3602:
3600:
3599:
3594:
3589:
3584:
3579:
3574:
3569:
3564:
3559:
3554:
3551:Einsatzgruppen
3546:
3544:
3540:
3539:
3537:
3536:
3531:
3526:
3520:
3518:
3515:Final Solution
3510:
3509:
3507:
3506:
3505:
3504:
3494:
3493:
3492:
3487:
3477:
3472:
3467:
3462:
3454:
3452:
3448:
3447:
3445:
3444:
3439:
3434:
3428:
3426:
3417:
3407:
3406:
3401:
3394:
3393:
3390:
3389:
3386:
3385:
3382:
3381:
3379:
3378:
3376:Ústredňa Židov
3373:
3368:
3362:
3360:
3352:
3351:
3349:
3348:
3343:
3341:Theresienstadt
3338:
3333:
3328:
3323:
3317:
3315:
3311:
3310:
3308:
3307:
3302:
3297:
3292:
3287:
3282:
3277:
3271:
3269:
3260:
3249:
3248:
3246:
3245:
3238:
3231:
3226:
3217:
3215:
3211:
3210:
3208:
3207:
3202:
3197:
3192:
3187:
3182:
3180:Einsatzgruppen
3176:
3174:
3170:
3169:
3167:
3166:
3161:
3154:
3149:
3144:
3139:
3132:
3127:
3122:
3113:
3108:
3103:
3094:
3089:
3084:
3076:
3074:
3070:
3069:
3067:
3066:
3061:
3056:
3051:
3046:
3041:
3035:
3033:
3027:
3026:
3024:
3023:
3018:
3013:
3008:
3003:
2998:
2993:
2988:
2986:Mittelbau-Dora
2983:
2974:
2969:
2967:Kraków-Płaszów
2964:
2959:
2954:
2949:
2944:
2939:
2934:
2929:
2924:
2919:
2913:
2911:
2901:
2900:
2891:
2884:
2883:
2880:
2879:
2877:
2876:
2875:
2874:
2869:
2864:
2857:Rescue of Jews
2854:
2853:
2852:
2847:
2842:
2837:
2832:
2827:
2822:
2817:
2806:
2804:
2800:
2799:
2797:
2796:
2791:
2786:
2781:
2775:
2773:
2769:
2768:
2766:
2765:
2764:
2763:
2758:
2750:
2749:
2748:
2743:
2738:
2728:
2723:
2718:
2713:
2708:
2703:
2698:
2693:
2692:
2691:
2680:
2675:
2674:
2673:
2663:
2658:
2653:
2648:
2643:
2642:
2641:
2636:
2631:
2623:
2618:
2613:
2608:
2602:
2600:
2592:
2591:
2586:
2584:
2583:
2576:
2569:
2561:
2552:
2551:
2541:
2538:
2537:
2533:
2532:
2527:
2522:
2517:
2512:
2507:
2498:
2489:
2484:
2479:
2477:Beefsteak Nazi
2474:
2473:
2472:
2467:
2456:
2455:
2454:
2452:
2446:
2445:
2443:
2438:
2433:
2428:
2426:
2425:German society
2420:
2419:
2415:
2410:
2405:
2400:
2395:
2390:
2385:
2380:
2379:
2378:
2376:
2372:
2371:
2367:
2366:
2361:
2356:
2351:
2346:
2341:
2334:
2327:
2322:
2315:
2310:
2305:
2300:
2295:
2284:
2283:
2282:
2281:
2276:
2268:
2267:
2266:
2261:
2250:
2249:
2248:
2246:
2240:
2239:
2237:
2232:
2227:
2225:Final Solution
2222:
2217:
2212:
2207:
2205:
2203:and war crimes
2197:
2196:
2192:
2187:
2182:
2177:
2172:
2167:
2165:von Liebenfels
2162:
2157:
2152:
2147:
2142:
2137:
2132:
2127:
2122:
2121:
2120:
2118:
2112:
2111:
2107:
2102:
2097:
2092:
2087:
2082:
2077:
2075:von Ribbentrop
2072:
2067:
2062:
2057:
2052:
2047:
2042:
2037:
2032:
2027:
2022:
2017:
2012:
2007:
2002:
2001:
2000:
1998:
1992:
1991:
1987:
1978:
1969:
1968:
1967:
1953:
1948:
1943:
1938:
1933:
1928:
1923:
1922:
1921:
1916:
1911:
1902:
1893:
1888:
1883:
1878:
1873:
1868:
1858:
1853:
1848:
1843:
1838:
1833:
1828:
1827:
1826:
1821:
1816:
1811:
1801:
1796:
1794:Indoctrination
1791:
1790:
1789:
1784:
1775:
1771:Heim ins Reich
1766:
1756:
1747:
1738:
1733:
1728:
1723:
1722:
1721:
1707:
1702:
1697:
1696:
1695:
1690:
1676:
1671:
1666:
1664:Blood and soil
1661:
1656:
1651:
1646:
1641:
1639:Anti-communism
1636:
1631:
1630:
1629:
1627:
1621:
1620:
1616:
1615:
1610:
1605:
1600:
1595:
1590:
1585:
1580:
1578:Doctors' Trial
1575:
1570:
1562:Final solution
1559:
1554:
1549:
1547:Denazification
1544:
1539:
1534:
1529:
1520:
1511:
1506:
1504:Nuremberg Laws
1501:
1496:
1491:
1486:
1481:
1472:
1467:
1462:
1457:
1448:
1443:
1438:
1436:Early timeline
1433:
1432:
1431:
1429:
1423:
1422:
1418:
1417:
1407:
1402:Sturmabteilung
1397:
1392:
1383:
1378:
1373:
1368:
1363:
1358:
1353:
1348:
1343:
1334:
1325:
1315:
1314:
1313:
1311:
1307:
1306:
1301:
1299:
1298:
1291:
1284:
1276:
1238:
1237:
1231:
1212:
1206:
1187:
1181:
1164:
1155:
1125:
1122:
1120:
1119:
1101:
1085:
1076:
1067:
1055:
1039:
1030:
1008:
996:
984:
972:
963:
956:
936:
920:
902:
890:
870:
847:
833:
811:
794:
774:
754:
733:
701:
681:
669:
647:
635:
621:
599:
578:
566:
564:, p. 36).
552:
550:
547:
546:
545:
539:
534:
529:
524:
519:
514:
509:
504:
497:
494:
469:
466:
346:In March 1940
343:
340:
315:of prisoners.
280:
279:
276:Nuremberg Laws
272:
265:
262:
259:
181:
178:
117:
114:
112:in the 1930s.
91:social welfare
58:
55:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4259:
4248:
4245:
4243:
4240:
4238:
4237:Nazi eugenics
4235:
4233:
4230:
4229:
4227:
4203:
4199:
4197:
4194:
4192:
4189:
4187:
4184:
4182:
4179:
4177:
4174:
4172:
4169:
4167:
4164:
4162:
4159:
4155:
4152:
4151:
4150:
4147:
4145:
4142:
4140:
4137:
4135:
4132:
4131:
4129:
4125:
4117:
4114:
4113:
4112:
4109:
4105:
4102:
4101:
4100:
4097:
4095:
4092:
4090:
4087:
4085:
4082:
4080:
4077:
4073:
4070:
4068:
4065:
4063:
4060:
4059:
4058:
4055:
4053:
4050:
4049:
4047:
4045:
4041:
4035:
4029:
4027:
4024:
4022:
4019:
4015:
4012:
4011:
4010:
4007:
4005:
4002:
4000:
3997:
3995:
3992:
3990:
3987:
3985:
3984:Nazi eugenics
3982:
3980:
3977:
3976:
3974:
3970:
3966:
3958:
3955:
3952:
3951:
3947:
3943:
3929:
3926:
3924:
3921:
3919:
3916:
3914:
3913:Topf and Sons
3911:
3909:
3906:
3904:
3901:
3899:
3896:
3894:
3891:
3889:
3886:
3885:
3883:
3881:
3880:Collaborators
3877:
3871:
3868:
3866:
3863:
3861:
3860:
3856:
3855:
3853:
3849:
3843:
3840:
3838:
3835:
3832:
3829:
3826:
3823:
3819:
3818:Referat IV B4
3816:
3815:
3814: (RSHA)
3813:
3810:
3808:
3806:
3805:Schutzstaffel
3802:
3800:
3797:
3796:
3794:
3792:Organizations
3790:
3784:
3781:
3780:
3777:
3773:
3768:
3764:
3750:
3747:
3745:
3742:
3740:
3737:
3735:
3734:Romani people
3732:
3730:
3727:
3725:
3722:
3720:
3717:
3715:
3712:
3711:
3709:
3707:
3703:
3693:
3690:
3688:
3687:Working Group
3685:
3683:
3680:
3678:
3675:
3673:
3672:Kastner train
3670:
3668:
3665:
3663:
3660:
3659:
3657:
3655:
3651:
3643:
3640:
3638:
3635:
3633:
3630:
3629:
3628:
3625:
3621:
3618:
3617:
3616:
3613:
3612:
3610:
3608:
3604:
3598:
3595:
3593:
3590:
3588:
3585:
3583:
3580:
3578:
3575:
3573:
3570:
3568:
3565:
3563:
3560:
3558:
3555:
3553:
3552:
3548:
3547:
3545:
3541:
3535:
3532:
3530:
3527:
3525:
3522:
3521:
3519:
3516:
3511:
3503:
3500:
3499:
3498:
3495:
3491:
3488:
3486:
3483:
3482:
3481:
3478:
3476:
3473:
3471:
3468:
3466:
3463:
3461:
3460:
3459:Kristallnacht
3456:
3455:
3453:
3449:
3443:
3440:
3438:
3435:
3433:
3430:
3429:
3427:
3425:
3421:
3418:
3416:
3412:
3408:
3404:
3399:
3395:
3377:
3374:
3372:
3369:
3367:
3364:
3363:
3361:
3359:
3358:
3353:
3347:
3344:
3342:
3339:
3337:
3334:
3332:
3329:
3327:
3324:
3322:
3319:
3318:
3316:
3312:
3306:
3303:
3301:
3298:
3296:
3293:
3291:
3288:
3286:
3283:
3281:
3278:
3276:
3273:
3272:
3270:
3268:
3264:
3261:
3258:
3254:
3250:
3244:
3243:
3242:Sanitätswesen
3239:
3237:
3236:
3232:
3230:
3227:
3225:
3224:
3219:
3218:
3216:
3212:
3206:
3205:Death marches
3203:
3201:
3198:
3196:
3193:
3191:
3188:
3186:
3183:
3181:
3178:
3177:
3175:
3171:
3165:
3162:
3160:
3155:
3153:
3150:
3148:
3145:
3143:
3140:
3138:
3133:
3131:
3128:
3126:
3123:
3121:
3120:
3114:
3112:
3109:
3107:
3104:
3102:
3101:
3095:
3093:
3090:
3088:
3085:
3083:
3078:
3077:
3075:
3071:
3065:
3062:
3060:
3057:
3055:
3052:
3050:
3047:
3045:
3042:
3040:
3037:
3036:
3034:
3032:
3031:Extermination
3028:
3022:
3019:
3017:
3014:
3012:
3009:
3007:
3006:Sachsenhausen
3004:
3002:
2999:
2997:
2994:
2992:
2989:
2987:
2984:
2982:
2978:
2975:
2973:
2970:
2968:
2965:
2963:
2960:
2958:
2955:
2953:
2950:
2948:
2947:Herzogenbusch
2945:
2943:
2940:
2938:
2935:
2933:
2930:
2928:
2925:
2923:
2922:Bergen-Belsen
2920:
2918:
2915:
2914:
2912:
2910:
2909:Concentration
2906:
2902:
2898:
2894:
2889:
2885:
2873:
2870:
2868:
2865:
2863:
2860:
2859:
2858:
2855:
2851:
2848:
2846:
2845:United States
2843:
2841:
2838:
2836:
2833:
2831:
2828:
2826:
2823:
2821:
2818:
2816:
2813:
2812:
2811:
2808:
2807:
2805:
2801:
2795:
2792:
2790:
2787:
2785:
2782:
2780:
2777:
2776:
2774:
2770:
2762:
2759:
2757:
2754:
2753:
2751:
2747:
2744:
2742:
2739:
2737:
2734:
2733:
2732:
2729:
2727:
2724:
2722:
2719:
2717:
2714:
2712:
2709:
2707:
2704:
2702:
2699:
2697:
2694:
2690:
2687:
2686:
2685:and colonies
2684:
2681:
2679:
2676:
2672:
2669:
2668:
2667:
2664:
2662:
2659:
2657:
2654:
2652:
2649:
2647:
2644:
2640:
2637:
2635:
2632:
2630:
2627:
2626:
2624:
2622:
2619:
2617:
2614:
2612:
2609:
2607:
2604:
2603:
2601:
2597:
2593:
2589:
2588:The Holocaust
2582:
2577:
2575:
2570:
2568:
2563:
2562:
2559:
2549:
2539:
2531:
2528:
2526:
2523:
2521:
2518:
2516:
2513:
2511:
2508:
2505:
2504:
2499:
2496:
2495:
2490:
2488:
2485:
2483:
2480:
2478:
2475:
2471:
2468:
2466:
2463:
2462:
2461:
2458:
2457:
2453:
2447:
2442:
2439:
2437:
2434:
2432:
2431:The Wehrmacht
2429:
2427:
2421:
2414:
2411:
2409:
2406:
2404:
2401:
2399:
2396:
2394:
2391:
2389:
2386:
2384:
2381:
2377:
2373:
2365:
2362:
2360:
2357:
2355:
2352:
2350:
2347:
2345:
2342:
2340:
2335:
2333:
2328:
2326:
2323:
2321:
2316:
2314:
2311:
2309:
2306:
2304:
2301:
2299:
2296:
2294:
2291:
2290:
2289:
2288:
2280:
2277:
2275:
2272:
2271:
2269:
2265:
2262:
2260:
2257:
2256:
2255:
2252:
2251:
2247:
2241:
2236:
2233:
2231:
2228:
2226:
2223:
2221:
2218:
2216:
2213:
2211:
2208:
2206:
2204:
2198:
2191:
2188:
2186:
2183:
2181:
2178:
2176:
2173:
2171:
2168:
2166:
2163:
2161:
2158:
2156:
2153:
2151:
2148:
2146:
2143:
2141:
2138:
2136:
2133:
2131:
2128:
2126:
2123:
2119:
2117:
2113:
2106:
2103:
2101:
2098:
2096:
2093:
2091:
2088:
2086:
2085:Seyss-Inquart
2083:
2081:
2078:
2076:
2073:
2071:
2068:
2066:
2063:
2061:
2058:
2056:
2053:
2051:
2048:
2046:
2043:
2041:
2038:
2036:
2033:
2031:
2028:
2026:
2023:
2021:
2018:
2016:
2013:
2011:
2008:
2006:
2003:
1999:
1997:
1993:
1985:
1984:
1979:
1976:
1975:
1970:
1965:
1964:
1959:
1958:
1957:
1954:
1952:
1949:
1947:
1944:
1942:
1939:
1937:
1934:
1932:
1929:
1927:
1924:
1920:
1917:
1915:
1912:
1909:
1908:
1907:Untermenschen
1903:
1900:
1899:
1898:Rassenschande
1894:
1892:
1889:
1887:
1884:
1882:
1879:
1877:
1874:
1872:
1869:
1867:
1864:
1863:
1862:
1859:
1857:
1854:
1852:
1849:
1847:
1844:
1842:
1839:
1837:
1834:
1832:
1829:
1825:
1822:
1820:
1817:
1815:
1812:
1810:
1807:
1806:
1805:
1802:
1800:
1797:
1795:
1792:
1788:
1787:Pan-Germanism
1785:
1782:
1781:
1776:
1773:
1772:
1767:
1765:
1762:
1761:
1760:
1757:
1754:
1753:
1748:
1745:
1744:
1739:
1737:
1734:
1732:
1729:
1727:
1726:Direct action
1724:
1719:
1718:
1717:Führerprinzip
1713:
1712:
1711:
1708:
1706:
1703:
1701:
1698:
1694:
1691:
1688:
1687:
1682:
1681:
1680:
1677:
1675:
1672:
1670:
1667:
1665:
1662:
1660:
1657:
1655:
1654:Anti-pacifism
1652:
1650:
1647:
1645:
1642:
1640:
1637:
1635:
1632:
1628:
1626:
1622:
1614:
1611:
1609:
1606:
1604:
1601:
1599:
1596:
1594:
1591:
1589:
1586:
1584:
1581:
1579:
1576:
1574:
1571:
1569:
1566:
1565:
1564:
1563:
1558:
1555:
1553:
1550:
1548:
1545:
1543:
1540:
1538:
1537:The Holocaust
1535:
1533:
1530:
1527:
1526:
1521:
1518:
1517:
1516:Kristallnacht
1512:
1510:
1507:
1505:
1502:
1500:
1497:
1495:
1492:
1490:
1487:
1485:
1482:
1479:
1478:
1473:
1471:
1468:
1466:
1463:
1461:
1458:
1455:
1454:
1449:
1447:
1444:
1442:
1439:
1437:
1434:
1430:
1428:
1424:
1414:
1413:
1412:Schutzstaffel
1408:
1404:
1403:
1398:
1396:
1393:
1390:
1389:
1384:
1382:
1379:
1377:
1374:
1372:
1369:
1367:
1364:
1362:
1359:
1357:
1354:
1352:
1349:
1347:
1344:
1341:
1340:
1335:
1332:
1331:
1326:
1323:
1322:
1317:
1316:
1312:
1308:
1304:
1297:
1292:
1290:
1285:
1283:
1278:
1277:
1274:
1270:
1267:
1234:
1228:
1224:
1220:
1219:
1213:
1209:
1203:
1199:
1198:
1193:
1188:
1184:
1178:
1174:
1170:
1165:
1162:
1158:
1152:
1148:
1144:
1139:
1138:
1132:
1128:
1127:
1123:
1116:
1112:
1105:
1102:
1096:
1094:
1092:
1090:
1086:
1083:Kater, p. 211
1080:
1077:
1074:Kater, p. 192
1071:
1068:
1065:Kater, p. 160
1062:
1060:
1056:
1050:
1048:
1046:
1044:
1040:
1034:
1031:
1025:
1023:
1021:
1019:
1017:
1015:
1013:
1009:
1006:, p. 52.
1005:
1000:
997:
993:
988:
985:
979:
977:
973:
967:
964:
959:
953:
949:
948:
940:
937:
931:
929:
927:
925:
921:
915:
913:
911:
909:
907:
903:
900:, p. 42.
899:
894:
891:
885:
883:
881:
879:
877:
875:
871:
868:, p. 26.
867:
862:
860:
858:
856:
854:
852:
848:
842:
840:
838:
834:
828:
826:
824:
822:
820:
818:
816:
812:
809:, p. 39.
808:
803:
801:
799:
795:
789:
787:
785:
783:
781:
779:
775:
769:
767:
765:
763:
761:
759:
755:
751:
746:
744:
742:
740:
738:
734:
723:on 2009-07-26
722:
718:
712:
710:
708:
706:
702:
696:
694:
692:
690:
688:
686:
682:
676:
674:
670:
664:
662:
660:
658:
656:
654:
652:
648:
642:
640:
636:
630:
628:
626:
622:
616:
614:
612:
610:
608:
606:
604:
600:
597:, p. 18.
596:
591:
589:
587:
585:
583:
579:
573:
571:
567:
563:
557:
554:
548:
543:
540:
538:
535:
533:
530:
528:
525:
523:
522:Nazi eugenics
520:
518:
515:
513:
510:
508:
505:
503:
500:
499:
495:
493:
491:
487:
486:Polish people
483:
474:
467:
465:
461:
459:
455:
451:
447:
444:'s theory of
443:
442:Robert Ritter
438:
436:
432:
428:
424:
420:
416:
413:
409:
406:
403:
398:
396:
392:
391:United States
388:
387:
382:
378:
374:
370:
366:
362:
358:
353:
349:
341:
339:
335:
333:
329:
325:
320:
316:
314:
310:
304:
302:
298:
297:homosexuality
294:
290:
285:
277:
273:
270:
266:
263:
260:
257:
256:
255:
253:
247:
245:
240:
236:
232:
228:
222:
220:
216:
212:
208:
204:
199:
195:
190:
188:
179:
177:
174:
170:
165:
163:
159:
158:force feeding
155:
154:hunger strike
151:
147:
143:
139:
135:
131:
126:
124:
115:
113:
111:
106:
104:
100:
96:
92:
88:
84:
80:
76:
75:German Empire
72:
68:
64:
56:
54:
52:
48:
44:
39:
35:
31:
27:
26:
21:
20:
4196:Yizkor books
3857:
3804:
3549:
3497:in Lithuania
3457:
3355:
3240:
3233:
3222:
3156:
3134:
3115:
3096:
3079:
2862:by Catholics
2731:Soviet Union
2599:By territory
2465:Architecture
2413:SS personnel
2354:SUMKA (Iran)
2285:
1941:Social order
1866:Antisemitism
1819:Palingenetic
1710:Dictatorship
1679:Conspiracism
1603:Labour camps
1573:Deportations
1560:
1532:World War II
1477:Kirchenkampf
1465:Nazi Germany
1346:Hitler Youth
1310:Organisation
1239:
1217:
1196:
1192:Caplan, Jane
1172:
1160:
1136:
1104:
1079:
1070:
1033:
999:
987:
966:
946:
939:
893:
752:, p. 3.
725:. Retrieved
721:the original
556:
489:
479:
468:Later events
462:
449:
446:race hygiene
439:
426:
410:reported to
399:
384:
345:
336:
317:
305:
281:
248:
223:
191:
183:
166:
127:
123:World War II
119:
109:
107:
83:unemployment
60:
33:
30:Lower Saxony
23:
17:
15:
4202:Never again
4033:(Action T4)
3959:Remembrance
3744:Homosexuals
3714:Soviet POWs
3642:Częstochowa
3190:Gas chamber
3001:Ravensbrück
2942:Gross-Rosen
2937:Flossenbürg
2820:Philippines
2752:Yugoslavia
2711:Netherlands
2639:Sudetenland
2525:Strasserism
2155:de Gobineau
2130:Chamberlain
1996:Politicians
1983:Volkskörper
1886:Master race
1856:Prussianism
1804:Nationalism
1759:Imperialism
1700:Corporatism
1261: /
537:Elsa Conrad
423:Ravensbrück
408:Karl Dieter
371:music; the
332:Ravensbrück
301:Elsa Conrad
295:'s alleged
110:KZ Moringen
34:KZ Moringen
4226:Categories
4191:Yad Vashem
4171:Uniqueness
4026:Nisko Plan
3799:Nazi Party
3607:Resistance
3577:Ninth Fort
3442:Vel' d'Hiv
3214:Nazi units
3152:Westerbork
3142:Amersfoort
2996:Neuengamme
2977:Mauthausen
2957:Kaiserwald
2927:Buchenwald
2706:Luxembourg
2201:Atrocities
2116:Ideologues
1951:Syncretism
1876:Aryan race
1851:Propaganda
1799:Militarism
1780:Lebensraum
1743:Geopolitik
1669:Chauvinism
1557:Neo-Nazism
1395:Nazi Party
1246:51°42′03″N
1145:. p.
727:2009-07-24
549:References
542:Eva Mamlok
458:sterilized
386:Cap Arcona
381:Heinz Lord
373:Swing Kids
244:defamation
239:Communists
207:embroidery
203:censorship
138:communists
134:internment
79:provincial
38:workhouses
4149:Education
4044:Aftermath
3956:Aftermath
3918:Trawnikis
3842:Wehrmacht
3837:Waffen-SS
3637:Białystok
3465:Bucharest
3437:Marseille
3314:Elsewhere
3275:Białystok
3087:Breendonk
3064:Treblinka
2917:Auschwitz
2701:Lithuania
2210:Action T4
2180:Rosenberg
2160:Haushofer
2105:Streicher
1891:Nordicism
1836:New Order
1525:Anschluss
1321:Ahnenerbe
1249:9°52′18″E
357:‹See Tfd›
284:abortions
227:‹See Tfd›
192:Prussian
173:amnestied
71:workhouse
63:orphanage
43:‹See Tfd›
4134:Academia
3587:Piaśnica
3557:Babi Yar
3485:Jedwabne
3424:Roundups
3357:Judenrat
3321:Budapest
3092:Mechelen
3054:Majdanek
3011:Stutthof
2972:Majdanek
2867:by Poles
2825:Portugal
2803:Response
2794:Timeline
2772:Overview
2634:Slovakia
2621:Bulgaria
2548:Category
2487:Glossary
2441:Nobility
2254:Americas
2170:von List
2125:Baeumler
2060:Goebbels
2045:Heydrich
2025:Eichmann
1881:Aryanism
1846:Populism
1736:Eugenics
1625:Ideology
1588:Genocide
496:See also
484:for the
99:Prussian
25:Moringen
4161:Lessons
3597:Rumbula
3470:Dorohoi
3451:Pogroms
3403:Victims
3253:Ghettos
3185:Gas van
3173:Methods
3147:Schoorl
3125:Bolzano
3073:Transit
3059:Sobibor
3049:Chełmno
3016:Vaivara
2952:Hinzert
2897:ghettos
2850:Vatican
2756:Croatia
2746:Ukraine
2736:Belarus
2726:Romania
2678:Hungary
2661:Germany
2651:Estonia
2646:Denmark
2616:Belgium
2611:Austria
2606:Albania
2482:Economy
2449:Related
2436:Economy
2287:Parties
2270:Europe
2245:Germany
2243:Outside
2185:Schmitt
2070:Lammers
2050:Himmler
2020:Drexler
2010:Daluege
2005:Bormann
1831:New Man
1608:Pogroms
1593:Ghettos
1427:History
1124:Sources
1115:Cologne
1111:Gestapo
377:Hamburg
319:Himmler
289:lesbian
269:émigrés
194:Gestapo
4067:Bricha
3833:(Orpo)
3706:Others
3692:Żegota
3654:Rescue
3632:Warsaw
3592:Ponary
3502:Kaunas
3305:Warsaw
3290:Lublin
3280:Kraków
3267:Poland
3111:Drancy
3044:Belzec
3021:Warsaw
2932:Dachau
2840:Turkey
2835:Sweden
2761:Serbia
2741:Russia
2721:Poland
2716:Norway
2696:Latvia
2666:Greece
2656:France
2470:Cinema
2451:topics
2279:Sweden
2274:Greece
2259:Brazil
2175:Müller
2145:Eckart
2065:Göring
2055:Hitler
2015:Dönitz
1861:Racism
1814:Racial
1752:Heimat
1361:NSDStB
1303:Nazism
1229:
1204:
1179:
1153:
954:
361:German
328:Torgau
293:Hitler
231:German
219:Jewish
217:. Few
211:sewing
47:German
16:Three
4181:Humor
4154:Films
3851:Units
3582:Odesa
3432:Izieu
3346:Vilna
3331:Minsk
3326:Kovno
3300:Radom
3164:Sereď
2981:Gusen
2962:Kauen
2893:Camps
2830:Spain
2815:Japan
2689:Libya
2683:Italy
2530:Women
2375:Lists
2264:Chile
2150:Feder
2135:Darré
2090:Speer
2035:Frick
2030:Frank
1824:Ultra
1809:Ethno
1356:NSDÄB
375:from
326:near
4072:List
3827:(SD)
3807:(SS)
3490:Lviv
3475:Iași
3415:Jews
3336:Riga
3295:Lwów
3285:Łódź
3257:list
3106:Gurs
2979:and
2895:and
2140:Devi
2080:Röhm
2040:Hess
1416:(SS)
1406:(SA)
1376:NSKK
1371:NSFK
1366:NSRL
1227:ISBN
1225:US.
1202:ISBN
1177:ISBN
1151:ISBN
952:ISBN
431:Łódź
412:RSHA
369:jazz
209:and
148:and
140:and
130:Nazi
95:Nazi
3221:SS-
2460:Art
1381:NSF
1147:224
1113:in
425:);
4228::
3158:sk
3136:nl
3118:it
3099:fr
3081:be
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402:SS
363::
303:.
233::
198:SS
150:SS
146:SA
49::
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