69:
49:
79:
263:
39:
678:
668:
873:
673:
869:
1204:
1817:
1064:
874:
872:
686:
648:
1776:
890:
1741:
McGuire, Raymond G.; Dimitroglou, Dimitrios A. (1999). "Evaluation of
Shellac and Sucrose Ester Fruit Coating Formulations that Support Biological Control of Post-harvest Grapefruit Decay".
1305:, though the presence of the ether oxygen withdraws electron density from the nitrogen, rendering it less nucleophilic (and less basic) than structurally similar secondary amines such as
808:
1277:
to provide a comprehensive all-volatile treatment chemistry for corrosion protection for the steam systems of such plants. Morpholine decomposes reasonably slowly in the absence of
1578:
1526:
991:
1077:
796:
1470:
875:
48:
1780:
458:
68:
78:
804:
897:
38:
736:
1494:
1626:
1655:
423:
1165:
morpholinium chloride. It is a colorless liquid with a weak, ammonia- or fish-like odor. The naming of morpholine is attributed to
1852:
1642:
Weissermel, Klaus; Arpe, Hans-Jürgen; Lindley, Charlet R.; Hawkins, Stephen (2003). "Chapter 7. Oxidation
Products of Ethylene".
784:
1857:
800:
629:
780:
1084:
1862:
730:
361:
1794:
1671:
U.S. Patent 3151112, "Process for the preparation of morpholines" van 29 september 1964 aan
Jefferson Chemical Company.
1388:
1371:, is applied to replace it. Morpholine is sometimes used as an emulsifier and solubility aid for this new coating. The
1867:
392:
1261:, so once it is added to the water, its concentration becomes distributed rather evenly in both the water and steam
883:
677:
1478:
1015:
1002:
592:
270:
920:
748:
667:
1847:
1842:
1243:
1190:
816:
788:
611:
1821:
672:
258:
1254:
756:
220:
700:
660:
1837:
1750:
1343:
812:
98:
1247:
772:
409:
134:
1715:"Cyclopentenones from α,α′-Dibromoketones and Enamines: 2,5-Dimethyl-3-Phenyl-2-Cyclopenten-1-one"
744:
840:
764:
180:
760:
776:
1719:
1688:
1651:
1622:
1490:
1324:
1298:
1210:
1198:
1158:
1103:
1040:
240:
1758:
1549:
1482:
1258:
1162:
1150:
1146:
1107:
1100:
836:
571:
481:
1367:, but this can be lost as the fruit is cleaned. Hence a small amount of new wax, made from
1265:. Its pH-adjusting qualities then become distributed throughout the steam plant to provide
820:
370:
168:
933:
824:
792:
289:
144:
1754:
832:
262:
200:
1372:
1336:
1262:
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1055:
718:
582:
1831:
1400:
1364:
1235:
1186:
560:
550:
251:
848:
1710:
1445:
1166:
768:
1203:
1684:"4-Chlorination of Electron-Rich Benzenoid Compounds: 2,4-Dichloromethoxybenzene"
1475:
Nomenclature of
Organic Chemistry: IUPAC Recommendations and Preferred Names 2013
334:
1714:
1683:
1282:
1135:
979:
957:
909:
1670:
1592:
1522:
1422:
1417:
1405:
1395:
1310:
1306:
740:
509:
231:
21:
1570:
1798:
1647:
1384:
1332:
1328:
1270:
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752:
714:
381:
1762:
1327:. For example, it is a building block in the preparation of the antibiotic
1046:
706:
1816:
1486:
1286:
1218:
1170:
1131:
1117:
896:
889:
882:
855:
17:
1553:
1368:
1347:
1317:
1274:
1214:
1194:
540:
321:
271:
1797:. Northwest Horticultural Council. September 28, 2010. Archived from
1278:
1269:. Morpholine is often used in conjunction with low concentrations of
1114:
1110:
211:
1540:
Hall, H. K. (1957). "Correlation of the Base
Strengths of Amines1".
1054:
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their
710:
1363:
In nature, fruits make waxes to protect against insects and fungal
309:
1302:
1250:
1143:
1139:
722:
345:
191:
167:
157:
1181:
Morpholine is often produced industrially by the dehydration of
1028:
844:
530:
300:
1619:
Organic
Chemistry : Modern Coined Terms and Their Origins
1444:
National
Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (2000).
1157:
is called morpholinium. For example, treating morpholine with
1575:
Immediately
Dangerous to Life or Health Concentrations (IDLH)
1169:, who incorrectly believed it to be part of the structure of
828:
397:
77:
67:
47:
37:
1682:
Lindsay Smith, J. R.; McKeer, L. C.; Taylor, J. M. (1993).
1593:"CDC - NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards - Morpholine"
1239:
1217:, under high temperature and pressure, in the presence of
867:
1072:
52:
perspective skeletal formula of the morpholine molecule
1779:. Scientific Analysis Laboratories Ltd. Archived from
1375:
has forbidden the use of morpholine in fruit coating.
1234:
Morpholine is a common additive, in parts per million
1579:
National
Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
1527:
National
Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
42:
numbered skeletal formula of the morpholine molecule
1617:F. Silversmith, Ernest; Nickon, Alex (2013-10-22).
1471:International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry
333:
871:
143:
72:ball-and-stick model of the morpholine molecule
1342:In research and in industry, the low cost and
1209:Morpholine is also produced industrially from
82:space-filling model of the morpholine molecule
8:
1383:Morpholine derivatives used as agricultural
1022:TWA 20 ppm (70 mg/m) ST 30 ppm (105 mg/m)
1346:of morpholine lead to its common use as a
261:
239:
26:
1795:"Morpholine Issues in the United Kingdom"
369:
1521:NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards.
1253:systems. Morpholine is used because its
1149:. Because of the amine, morpholine is a
432:InChI=1S/C4H9NO/c1-3-6-4-2-5-1/h5H,1-4H2
1436:
463:
442:InChI=1/C4H9NO/c1-3-6-4-2-5-1/h5H,1-4H2
428:
408:
1565:
1563:
1516:
1514:
1512:
1510:
1508:
1506:
1335:(brand name Iressa) and the analgesic
928:275 °C (527 °F; 548 K)
565:129 °C (264 °F; 402 K)
252:
1713:; Yokoyama, K.; Hayakawa, Y. (1988).
1309:. For this reason, it forms a stable
1189:. Alternatively, it can be made from
435:Key: YNAVUWVOSKDBBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N
219:
199:
7:
914:31 °C (88 °F; 304 K)
555:−5 °C (23 °F; 268 K)
1450:International Chemical Safety Cards
445:Key: YNAVUWVOSKDBBP-UHFFFAOYAU
324:
308:
1743:Bio-control Science and Technology
1389:ergosterol biosynthesis inhibitors
14:
1621:. Elsevier Science. p. 313.
1815:
1316:It is commonly used to generate
1202:
1062:
676:
671:
666:
499:
493:
1058:(at 25 °C , 100 kPa).
535:Weak ammonia-like or fish-like
1479:The Royal Society of Chemistry
630:Occupational safety and health
502:
487:
1:
1323:Morpholine is widely used in
996:(US health exposure limits):
1644:Industrial Organic Chemistry
1379:As a component in fungicides
1301:typical for other secondary
946:or concentration (LD, LC):
63:
33:
1884:
1729:, vol. 6, p. 520
1698:, vol. 8, p. 167
1297:Morpholine undergoes most
15:
1221:and a suitable catalyst.
1052:
990:
964:1220 mg/kg (mammal, oral)
942:
647:
627:
622:
605:8.36 (of conjugate acid)
474:
454:
419:
127:
109:
97:
92:
62:
32:
1387:in cereals are known as
1350:for chemical reactions.
1289:in these steam systems.
731:Precautionary statements
16:Not to be confused with
1853:Foul-smelling chemicals
1331:, the anticancer agent
1230:Industrial applications
1191:bis(2-chloroethyl)ether
968:1050 mg/kg (rat, oral)
966:525 mg/kg (mouse, oral)
612:Magnetic susceptibility
1763:10.1080/09583159929901
1009:TWA 20 ppm (70 mg/m)
986:365 ppm (mouse, 2 hr)
878:
116:Tetrahydro-1,4-oxazine
83:
73:
53:
43:
1858:Nitrogen heterocycles
1487:10.1039/9781849733069
1257:is about the same as
877:
643:Flammable, Corrosive
81:
71:
51:
41:
1824:at Wikimedia Commons
1650:. pp. 159–161.
1267:corrosion protection
980:median concentration
860:(fire diamond)
587:6 mmHg (20 °C)
122:Tetrahydro-p-oxazine
118:Diethylene imidoxide
112:Diethylenimide oxide
99:Preferred IUPAC name
1863:Oxygen heterocycles
1755:1999BioST...9...53M
1554:10.1021/ja01577a030
1248:nuclear power plant
1242:adjustment in both
1193:in a reaction with
572:Solubility in water
517: g·mol
181:Beilstein Reference
29:
1868:Six-membered rings
1801:on April 26, 2012.
1359:As a fruit coating
1299:chemical reactions
1185:with concentrated
1085:Infobox references
1031:(Immediate danger)
879:
120:Diethylene oximide
84:
74:
54:
44:
27:
1820:Media related to
1727:Collected Volumes
1720:Organic Syntheses
1696:Collected Volumes
1689:Organic Syntheses
1548:(20): 5441–5444.
1496:978-0-85404-182-4
1325:organic synthesis
1293:Organic synthesis
1211:diethylene glycol
1199:ammonium chloride
1159:hydrochloric acid
1147:functional groups
1104:chemical compound
1093:Chemical compound
1091:
1090:
1041:Safety data sheet
701:Hazard statements
525:Colorless liquid
393:CompTox Dashboard
169:Interactive image
88:
87:
58:
57:
1875:
1819:
1803:
1802:
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1785:
1784:
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1701:
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1673:
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1608:
1607:
1605:
1603:
1589:
1583:
1582:
1567:
1558:
1557:
1542:J. Am. Chem. Soc
1537:
1531:
1530:
1518:
1501:
1500:
1467:
1461:
1460:
1458:
1456:
1441:
1206:
1197:, by which also
1108:chemical formula
1075:
1069:
1066:
1065:
934:Explosive limits
899:
892:
885:
870:
850:
846:
842:
838:
834:
830:
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750:
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742:
738:
724:
720:
716:
712:
708:
680:
675:
670:
618:-55.0·10 cm/mol
516:
504:
501:
495:
489:
482:Chemical formula
412:
401:
399:
373:
337:
326:
312:
290:Gmelin Reference
273:
265:
254:
243:
223:
203:
171:
147:
64:
34:
30:
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1806:
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1788:
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1739:
1735:
1725:
1709:
1708:
1704:
1694:
1681:
1680:
1676:
1669:
1665:
1658:
1641:
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1636:
1629:
1616:
1615:
1611:
1601:
1599:
1591:
1590:
1586:
1569:
1568:
1561:
1539:
1538:
1534:
1520:
1519:
1504:
1497:
1481:. p. 142.
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1356:
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1232:
1227:
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1122:
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1087:
1082:
1081:
1080: ?)
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1067:
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1059:
1032:
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876:
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733:
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689:
663:
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105:
104:
25:
12:
11:
5:
1881:
1879:
1871:
1870:
1865:
1860:
1855:
1850:
1848:Amine solvents
1845:
1843:Ether solvents
1840:
1830:
1829:
1826:
1825:
1811:
1810:External links
1808:
1805:
1804:
1786:
1783:on 2012-04-26.
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1733:
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1656:
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1628:978-1483145235
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1398:
1380:
1377:
1373:European Union
1360:
1357:
1355:
1352:
1337:dextromoramide
1294:
1291:
1236:concentrations
1231:
1228:
1226:
1223:
1183:diethanolamine
1178:
1175:
1161:generates the
1155:conjugate acid
1138:features both
1128:
1124:
1120:
1092:
1089:
1088:
1083:
1061:
1060:
1056:standard state
1053:
1050:
1049:
1044:
1037:
1036:
1033:
1027:
1024:
1023:
1020:
1014:
1011:
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809:P305+P351+P338
797:P303+P361+P353
789:P301+P330+P331
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583:Vapor pressure
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1401:Fenpropimorph
1399:
1397:
1394:
1393:
1392:
1390:
1386:
1378:
1376:
1374:
1370:
1366:
1365:contamination
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1188:
1187:sulfuric acid
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1038:
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1026:
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1021:
1018:(Recommended)
1017:
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1012:
1008:
1005:(Permissible)
1004:
1000:
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1799:the original
1789:
1781:the original
1777:"Morpholine"
1771:
1749:(1): 53–65.
1746:
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1736:
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1687:
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1600:. Retrieved
1596:
1587:
1574:
1571:"Morpholine"
1545:
1541:
1535:
1474:
1465:
1453:. Retrieved
1449:
1446:"Morpholine"
1439:
1382:
1362:
1341:
1322:
1315:
1296:
1283:temperatures
1281:at the high
1233:
1208:
1180:
1167:Ludwig Knorr
1096:
1095:
992:
943:
921:Autoignition
856:
692:
649:
639:Main hazards
628:
596:
346:RTECS number
221:ChEMBL276518
128:Identifiers
110:Other names
1838:Morpholines
1822:Morpholines
1597:www.cdc.gov
1354:Agriculture
1244:fossil fuel
1201:is formed.
1136:heterocycle
1106:having the
958:median dose
944:Lethal dose
938:1.4%–11.2%
923:temperature
910:Flash point
687:Signal word
633:(OHS/OSH):
545:1.007 g/cm
522:Appearance
475:Properties
259:100.003.469
201:CHEBI:34856
28:Morpholine
1832:Categories
1711:Noyori, R.
1455:5 November
1431:References
1423:Piperidine
1418:Morpholino
1406:Tridemorph
1396:Amorolfine
1385:fungicides
1311:chloramine
1307:piperidine
1255:volatility
1177:Production
1097:Morpholine
1047:hazard.com
661:Pictograms
510:Molar mass
371:8B2ZCK305O
232:ChemSpider
156:3D model (
135:CAS Number
103:Morpholine
22:morpholino
1648:Wiley-VCH
1602:4 January
1333:gefitinib
1329:linezolid
1287:pressures
1271:hydrazine
1035:1400 ppm
841:P403+P235
837:P370+P378
805:P304+P340
801:P304+P312
793:P302+P352
785:P301+P312
652:labelling
577:miscible
382:UN number
353:QD6475000
280:203-815-1
272:EC Number
1581:(NIOSH).
1529:(NIOSH).
1473:(2014).
1412:See also
1344:polarity
1318:enamines
1219:hydrogen
1171:morphine
1134:H. This
857:NFPA 704
623:Hazards
614:(χ)
466:C1CNCCO1
241:13837537
145:110-91-8
18:morphine
1751:Bibcode
1523:"#0437"
1369:shellac
1348:solvent
1275:ammonia
1215:ammonia
1195:ammonia
1101:organic
1078:what is
1076: (
593:Acidity
541:Density
322:PubChem
186:102549
1654:
1625:
1493:
1303:amines
1279:oxygen
1263:phases
1238:, for
1153:; its
1099:is an
1073:verify
1070:
1043:(SDS)
693:Danger
515:87.122
459:SMILES
310:C14452
212:ChEMBL
93:Names
1259:water
1251:steam
1144:ether
1140:amine
993:NIOSH
424:InChI
386:2054
295:1803
192:ChEBI
158:JSmol
1652:ISBN
1623:ISBN
1604:2022
1491:ISBN
1457:2005
1285:and
1246:and
1225:Uses
1213:and
1163:salt
1151:base
1142:and
1029:IDLH
849:P501
845:P405
833:P363
829:P330
825:P322
821:P321
817:P312
813:P310
781:P280
777:P271
773:P270
769:P264
765:P261
761:P260
757:P243
753:P242
749:P241
745:P240
741:P233
737:P210
723:H332
719:H314
715:H312
711:H302
707:H226
531:Odor
362:UNII
335:8083
301:KEGG
1759:doi
1550:doi
1483:doi
1273:or
1016:REL
1003:PEL
650:GHS
398:EPA
325:CID
20:or
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1240:pH
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1123:CH
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974:LC
954:50
952:LD
847:,
843:,
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831:,
827:,
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