436:
452:
495:
517:
680:. Poly-unsaturated fatty acids contain two or more double bonds and are the acyl components of cellular lipids. Today, long-chain poly-unsaturated fatty acids are regarded as substances with beneficial potential in pharmaceutic and nutritional applications. They also serve a wide variety of purposes, from being a purely structural element in phospholipids to being involved in signal transduction, and as a substrate for a host of derivatives involved in
46:
479:
33:
774:
Spatafora, Joseph W.; Chang, Ying; Benny, Gerald L.; Lazarus, Katy; Smith, Matthew E.; Berbee, Mary L.; Bonito, Gregory; Corradi, Nicolas; Grigoriev, Igor; Gryganskyi, Andrii; James, Timothy Y.; O’Donnell, Kerry; Roberson, Robert W.; Taylor, Thomas N.; Uehling, Jessie; Vilgalys, Rytas; White, Merlin
692:
media and culture conditions. Fatty acids are normally produced in submerged culture with high carbon source supply, although this technique has drawbacks with respect to energy consumption and waste water production. In the long run, fatty acid fermentation needs to be done under economically
649:. This is followed by development of progametangia which grow in parallel and close to each other. At the end of this development, one partner, the macroprogametangium will be larger than the other, the microprogametangium.
641:
does not enlarge during sexual development and may disappear soon after plasmogamy. The early development of such heterogametangic zygospores is illustrated in the heterothallic species,
558:
spp. may be naked (Fig 2 A) or surrounded by sterile hyphae (Fig 2 B) that form a nest-like structure, which may be interpreted as evolutionary early fruiting bodies.
2413:
1231:
2465:
2309:
2387:
633:
and to produce naked zygospores with unequal suspensors. Very often sexual structures differ in size between mating types. The smaller suspensor,
260:
124:
2426:
275:
live as saprotrophs in soil, on decaying leaves and other organic material. Other species live on fecal pellets or on exoskeletons of arthropods.
884:
841:
672:
in part based on its fatty acid profile, in addition to classical ribosomal DNA sequencing. Various poly-unsaturated fatty acids including
1224:
395:
are widely used as nitrogen source. Especially the balance between carbon and nitrogen in the medium influences the fungal culture.
2501:
1272:
1267:
291:
species belong to an ecology group which are the first organisms growing on roots. G. A. Salt described that the frequency of
2431:
2452:
1351:
1341:
1324:
1217:
2322:
1151:
1104:
1030:
689:
159:
200:
45:
2529:
1180:
1127:
256:
2470:
694:
340:-like fungi, the mitosporangia are typically smaller, contain fewer spores and lack a columella (Fig. 1). Many
1098:
Nisha, A. and G. Venkateswaran. "Optimization of media components for enhanced arachidonic acid production by
1924:
2131:
1781:
1739:
1698:
1356:
245:
141:
2262:
1997:
1731:
1515:
1929:
1899:
1791:
1557:
2327:
1876:
1786:
1538:
1525:
1507:
1319:
1248:
1209:
998:
2017:
1568:
383:
in culture, separation of the two can be difficult until sporulation occurs. Cultivation and growth of
1904:
435:
2506:
2480:
2348:
2164:
2111:
1670:
1533:
1204:
721:
368:
249:
2379:
1387:
634:
528:. The view is from the bottom to demonstrate the zonate growth that is characteristic of this genus.
451:
415:
372:
190:
2141:
2116:
1914:
1866:
1856:
1657:
1596:
1591:
295:
species growing on the surface of roots from spruce is higher in comparison to other species (e.g.
225:
2055:
1563:
2217:
2169:
2156:
2136:
2121:
2101:
2050:
1909:
1721:
1693:
1647:
1583:
1336:
1314:
1302:
1277:
964:
171:
40:
422:
xylanase. This fungus can degrade the hemicellulose from plants to get sugars for their growth.
516:
2488:
2418:
2335:
2184:
2179:
2174:
2126:
1977:
1827:
1713:
1639:
1346:
1309:
1297:
1287:
880:
837:
814:
796:
494:
2300:
744:
2493:
2246:
2093:
2040:
1982:
1891:
1848:
1819:
1703:
1665:
1573:
1261:
1038:
1006:
972:
872:
804:
788:
688:
have been found to yield exceptionally high quantities of arachidonic acid depending on the
681:
673:
777:"A phylum-level phylogenetic classification of zygomycete fungi based on genome-scale data"
348:-zygospores. Sometimes sexual structures are embedded in loosely arranged hyphal networks.
2222:
2212:
2194:
2146:
2060:
2012:
2002:
1992:
1919:
1881:
1757:
1680:
1548:
1464:
1434:
1429:
388:
107:
375:. The genus can also grow on PARP media, which is used as a common selective medium for
2374:
2207:
2202:
2027:
2007:
1987:
1969:
1954:
1939:
1796:
1688:
1629:
1292:
1057:
809:
776:
478:
221:
97:
87:
2523:
2314:
2078:
2045:
2035:
1959:
1772:
1762:
1621:
1397:
630:
594:
407:
360:
1191:
871:(in German). Berlin: Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum, Freie Universität Berlin.
645:. In this species, hyphal coiling occurs at the contact site of sexually compatible
32:
2106:
1871:
1749:
1379:
992:
Aki, T.; Suzuki, O. (2001). "Production of arachidonic acid by filamentous fungus,
392:
387:
fungi are affected by the carbon source, addition of minerals and nitrogen source.
229:
133:
77:
2340:
1171:
344:-like fungi are asexual. However, if zygospores are found, they strongly resemble
1121:
Nisha, A.; Venkateswaran, G. (2009). "Safety evaluation of arachidonic acid rich
2457:
2400:
2294:
1439:
1240:
638:
566:
2285:
1837:
1610:
1010:
977:
955:
709:
551:
547:
525:
800:
263:
in Bull. Acad. Roy. Sci. Belgique series 2, Vol.15 on pages 536–539 in 1863.
2361:
1080:
725:
720:, normally isolated from soil, rotten silage and similar substrates, causes
364:
57:
818:
1199:
367:, or other media rich in nutrients. Most laboratories grow these fungi on
2439:
2279:
1861:
1495:
1486:
1472:
1331:
936:
Salt, G.A. "The incidence of root-surface fungi on naturally regenerated
336:), they have a stronger tendency towards septum formation. Compared with
297:
876:
2392:
2083:
1810:
1042:
646:
537:
303:
2405:
858:
1244:
622:
419:
403:
67:
2444:
2256:
716:, which is until now the only pathogen of humans and other animals.
2366:
792:
712:
for plants or animals and humans. A rare example for a pathogen is
515:
310:
217:
1028:: Effect of consumed carbon to nitrogen ratio in flask culture".
550:
between gametangia belonging to complementary mating types. The
956:"Nutritional factors in relation to growth and fat synthesis in
665:
2260:
1213:
2353:
1145:
Davies, J.L.; Wobeser, G.A. (2010). "Systemic infection with
1024:
Park, E.Y.; Fujikawa, S. (2001). "Morphological diversity of
324:
fungi are typically coenocytic, but compared with the genus
546:
forms zygospores that are the developmental consequence of
391:
are most frequently used for the growth. Yeast extract and
621:
was found to be homothallic and to form zygospores with a
536:
species show sexual developmental programs in addition to
402:
spp. are chitinolytic. Experiments show that they degrade
906:
Webster, J. and Weber, R. W. S. Introduction to fungi.
414:
species it is also known that they are able to degrade
836:(10th ed.). Wallingford, UK: CABI. p. 439.
2269:
2193:
2155:
2092:
2077:
2026:
1968:
1947:
1938:
1890:
1847:
1836:
1818:
1809:
1771:
1748:
1730:
1712:
1679:
1656:
1638:
1620:
1609:
1582:
1547:
1524:
1506:
1494:
1485:
1463:
1456:
1422:
1396:
1378:
1371:
832:Kirk PM, Cannon PF, Minter DW, Stalpers JA (2008).
232:). The widespread genus contains about 85 species.
668:. It was re-classified as belonging to the genus
1078:by the soaking-plain-water-agarculture method".
860:Eine Enzyklopädie zu eponymischen Pflanzennamen
1125:biomass in albino rats – a subchronic study".
1225:
8:
2257:
2089:
1944:
1844:
1815:
1617:
1503:
1491:
1460:
1402:
1375:
1232:
1218:
1210:
664:, produces Îł-linolenic acid, an important
31:
20:
976:
808:
954:Chesters, C.G.C.; Peberdy, J.F. (1965).
379:. Because of its similar appearance to
755:. International Mycological Association
736:
461: : Unbranched mito-sporangiophores
406:nearly as efficiently as chitinolytic
1074:Watanabe, T. "Zygospore induction in
660:, which used to be mis-classified as
445: : Branched mito-sporangiophores
7:
2481:508f41c9-8106-420f-9e13-dfedbb45226e
1184:in medicine--opportunistic pathogen
865:Encyclopedia of eponymic plant names
787:(5). Informa UK Limited: 1028–1046.
684:function. Many species of the genus
261:Henri Eugène Lucien Gaëtan Coemans
14:
1205:New Brunswick Museum--Mortierella
940:seedlings in Southeast Alaska."
908:Cambridge University Press, 2007
493:
477:
450:
434:
44:
1149:following abortion in a cow".
1102:under submerged cultivation."
775:M.; Stajich, Jason E. (2016).
629:species have been found to be
426:Sexual and asexual development
1:
248:(1797–1878), a botanist and
244:is in honour of the Belgian
1105:Biotechnol. Bioprocess Eng.
1031:Biotechnol. Bioprocess Eng.
666:poly-unsaturated fatty acid
2546:
1128:Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol.
2243:
1405:
1255:
1076:Mortierella chlamydospora
1055:Dix N.J. and Webster, J.
1011:10.1007/s11746-001-0311-2
978:10.1099/00221287-41-1-127
857:Burkhardt, Lotte (2022).
697:fermentation conditions.
177:
170:
157:
152:
139:
132:
41:Scientific classification
39:
30:
23:
708:species are usually non-
504: : Nested meiospore
2132:Cryptomycocolacomycetes
1925:Sporopachydermiomycetes
1740:Calcarisporiellomycetes
1064:Chapman and Hall, 1995.
834:Dictionary of the Fungi
488: : Naked meiospore
311:Distribution map on EOL
220:belonging to the order
142:Mortierella polycephala
1782:Palaeovesiarbusmycetes
1732:Calcarisporiellomycota
1699:Ramicandelaberomycetes
1516:Neocallimastigomycetes
1176:sp. on iNaturalist.org
728:and systemic mycosis.
662:Mortierella isabellina
529:
418:to sugar by using the
2249:(polyphyletic group).
1877:Schizosaccharomycetes
1539:Monoblepharidomycetes
1508:Neocallimastigomycota
999:J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc.
658:Umbelopsis isabellina
520:This is a culture of
519:
224:within the subphylum
2165:Peribolosporomycetes
2112:Agaricostilbomycetes
1998:Collemopsidiomycetes
1872:Pneumocystidomycetes
1671:Entomophthoromycetes
1534:Hyaloraphidiomycetes
1415:Paramicrosporidiales
1194:Mortierella elongata
994:Mortierella alliacea
369:potato dextrose agar
250:Member of Parliament
246:Barthélemy Dumortier
2142:Spiculogloeomycetes
2117:Cystobasidiomycetes
1930:Trigonopsidomycetes
1900:Alloascoideomycetes
1857:Archaeorhizomycetes
1792:Archaeosporomycetes
1658:Entomophthoromycota
1597:Blastocladiomycetes
1592:Physodermatomycetes
1558:Caulochytriomycetes
1398:Microsporidiomycota
958:Mortierella vinacea
921:J.W. Fungal Biology
877:10.3372/epolist2022
467:Asexual Development
226:Mortierellomycotina
2218:Bartheletiomycetes
2170:Monilielliomycetes
2157:Ustilaginomycotina
2137:Atractiellomycetes
2122:Microbotryomycetes
2102:Tritirachiomycetes
2051:Laboulbeniomycetes
1787:Paraglomeromycetes
1722:Mortierellomycetes
1694:Dimargaritomycetes
1648:Basidiobolomycetes
1584:Blastocladiomycota
1526:Monoblepharomycota
1186:Mortierella wolfii
1147:Mortierella wolfii
1123:Mortierella alpina
1100:Mortierella alpina
1043:10.1007/bf02932544
1026:Mortierella alpina
965:J. Gen. Microbiol.
927:. Blackwell, 2005.
718:Mortierella wolfii
714:Mortierella wolfii
678:Mortierella alpina
619:Mortierella alpina
530:
510:Sexual Development
240:The genus name of
88:Mortierellomycetes
2530:Zygomycota genera
2517:
2516:
2489:Open Tree of Life
2263:Taxon identifiers
2254:
2253:
2239:
2238:
2235:
2234:
2231:
2230:
2185:Exobasidiomycetes
2180:Ustilaginomycetes
2175:Malasseziomycetes
2127:Classiculomycetes
2073:
2072:
2069:
2068:
2018:Xylobotryomycetes
1978:Candelariomycetes
1828:Entorrhizomycetes
1805:
1804:
1714:Mortierellomycota
1640:Basidiobolomycota
1605:
1604:
1569:Sanchytriomycetes
1481:
1480:
1452:
1451:
1448:
1447:
1111:(2011): 229–237 .
886:978-3-946292-41-8
843:978-0-85199-826-8
216:species are soil
209:
208:
204:
194:
184:
180:Actinomortierella
128:
2537:
2510:
2509:
2497:
2496:
2484:
2483:
2474:
2473:
2461:
2460:
2458:BMSSYS0000011516
2448:
2447:
2435:
2434:
2422:
2421:
2409:
2408:
2396:
2395:
2383:
2382:
2370:
2369:
2357:
2356:
2344:
2343:
2331:
2330:
2318:
2317:
2305:
2304:
2303:
2290:
2289:
2288:
2258:
2247:fungi imperfecti
2094:Pucciniomycotina
2090:
2041:Geoglossomycetes
1983:Coniocybomycetes
1945:
1905:Dipodascomycetes
1892:Saccharomycotina
1849:Taphrinomycotina
1845:
1820:Entorrhizomycota
1816:
1704:Kickxellomycetes
1666:Neozygitomycetes
1618:
1574:Chytridiomycetes
1504:
1492:
1461:
1403:
1376:
1284:
1264:
1247:classification,
1234:
1227:
1220:
1211:
1160:
1159:
1142:
1136:
1135:
1118:
1112:
1096:
1090:
1089:
1071:
1065:
1053:
1047:
1046:
1021:
1015:
1014:
989:
983:
982:
980:
951:
945:
938:Picea sitchensis
934:
928:
917:
911:
904:
898:
897:
895:
893:
870:
854:
848:
847:
829:
823:
822:
812:
770:
764:
763:
761:
760:
741:
682:second messenger
676:are produced by
674:arachidonic acid
593:), but most are
497:
481:
454:
438:
199:
189:
182:
123:
49:
48:
35:
21:
2545:
2544:
2540:
2539:
2538:
2536:
2535:
2534:
2520:
2519:
2518:
2513:
2505:
2500:
2492:
2487:
2479:
2477:
2469:
2464:
2456:
2451:
2443:
2438:
2430:
2425:
2417:
2412:
2404:
2399:
2391:
2386:
2378:
2373:
2365:
2360:
2352:
2347:
2339:
2334:
2326:
2321:
2313:
2308:
2299:
2298:
2293:
2284:
2283:
2278:
2265:
2255:
2250:
2227:
2223:Tremellomycetes
2213:Wallemiomycetes
2195:Agaricomycotina
2189:
2151:
2147:Pucciniomycetes
2081:
2065:
2061:Sordariomycetes
2022:
2013:Lecanoromycetes
2003:Dothideomycetes
1993:Arthoniomycetes
1964:
1934:
1920:Saccharomycetes
1886:
1882:Taphrinomycetes
1862:Neolectomycetes
1840:
1832:
1801:
1767:
1758:Endogonomycetes
1744:
1726:
1708:
1681:Kickxellomycota
1675:
1652:
1634:
1613:
1601:
1578:
1549:Chytridiomycota
1543:
1520:
1499:
1477:
1465:Aphelidiomycota
1457:Aphelidiomyceta
1444:
1435:Metchnikovellea
1430:Chytridiopsidea
1418:
1409:Morellosporales
1392:
1367:
1366:
1282:
1260:
1251:
1238:
1168:
1163:
1144:
1143:
1139:
1120:
1119:
1115:
1097:
1093:
1073:
1072:
1068:
1054:
1050:
1023:
1022:
1018:
996:strain YN-15".
991:
990:
986:
953:
952:
948:
942:Forestry (1977)
935:
931:
918:
914:
905:
901:
891:
889:
887:
868:
856:
855:
851:
844:
831:
830:
826:
773:
771:
767:
758:
756:
743:
742:
738:
734:
722:bovine abortion
703:
655:
617:). The species
603:M. marburgensis
583:M. rostafinskii
514:
513:
512:
511:
507:
506:
505:
498:
490:
489:
482:
471:
470:
469:
468:
464:
463:
462:
455:
447:
446:
439:
428:
389:Monosaccharides
354:
319:
308:
269:
238:
195:
185:
148:
145:
122:
108:Mortierellaceae
43:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2543:
2541:
2533:
2532:
2522:
2521:
2515:
2514:
2512:
2511:
2498:
2485:
2475:
2462:
2449:
2436:
2423:
2410:
2397:
2384:
2371:
2358:
2345:
2332:
2319:
2306:
2291:
2275:
2273:
2267:
2266:
2261:
2252:
2251:
2244:
2241:
2240:
2237:
2236:
2233:
2232:
2229:
2228:
2226:
2225:
2220:
2215:
2210:
2208:Agaricomycetes
2205:
2203:Dacrymycetales
2199:
2197:
2191:
2190:
2188:
2187:
2182:
2177:
2172:
2167:
2161:
2159:
2153:
2152:
2150:
2149:
2144:
2139:
2134:
2129:
2124:
2119:
2114:
2109:
2104:
2098:
2096:
2087:
2075:
2074:
2071:
2070:
2067:
2066:
2064:
2063:
2058:
2053:
2048:
2043:
2038:
2032:
2030:
2028:Sordariomyceta
2024:
2023:
2021:
2020:
2015:
2010:
2008:Eurotiomycetes
2005:
2000:
1995:
1990:
1988:Lichinomycetes
1985:
1980:
1974:
1972:
1970:Dothideomyceta
1966:
1965:
1963:
1962:
1957:
1955:Orbiliomycetes
1951:
1949:
1942:
1940:Pezizomycotina
1936:
1935:
1933:
1932:
1927:
1922:
1917:
1912:
1907:
1902:
1896:
1894:
1888:
1887:
1885:
1884:
1879:
1874:
1869:
1864:
1859:
1853:
1851:
1842:
1834:
1833:
1831:
1830:
1824:
1822:
1813:
1807:
1806:
1803:
1802:
1800:
1799:
1797:Glomeromycetes
1794:
1789:
1784:
1777:
1775:
1769:
1768:
1766:
1765:
1760:
1754:
1752:
1746:
1745:
1743:
1742:
1736:
1734:
1728:
1727:
1725:
1724:
1718:
1716:
1710:
1709:
1707:
1706:
1701:
1696:
1691:
1689:Zoopagomycetes
1685:
1683:
1677:
1676:
1674:
1673:
1668:
1662:
1660:
1654:
1653:
1651:
1650:
1644:
1642:
1636:
1635:
1633:
1632:
1630:Olpidiomycetes
1626:
1624:
1615:
1614:(paraphyletic)
1607:
1606:
1603:
1602:
1600:
1599:
1594:
1588:
1586:
1580:
1579:
1577:
1576:
1571:
1566:
1560:
1553:
1551:
1545:
1544:
1542:
1541:
1536:
1530:
1528:
1522:
1521:
1519:
1518:
1512:
1510:
1501:
1500:(paraphyletic)
1489:
1483:
1482:
1479:
1478:
1476:
1475:
1469:
1467:
1458:
1454:
1453:
1450:
1449:
1446:
1445:
1443:
1442:
1437:
1432:
1426:
1424:
1420:
1419:
1417:
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1564:Coenomycetes
1342:Opisthokonta
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690:fermentation
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643:M. umbellata
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147:Coem. (1863)
140:
134:Type species
118:
117:
78:Mucoromycota
24:
18:
2401:iNaturalist
2301:Mortierella
2295:Wikispecies
2271:Mortierella
1910:Lipomycetes
1841:(sac fungi)
1440:Microsporea
1241:Opisthokont
1200:Mortierella
1182:Mortierella
1174:Mortierella
1037:: 161–166.
1005:: 599–604.
971:: 127–134.
892:January 27,
749:Coem. 1863"
747:Mortierella
706:Mortierella
695:solid-state
693:reasonable
686:Mortierella
639:gametangium
627:Mortierella
625:coat. Most
611:M. capitata
607:M. umbelata
599:M. elongata
591:M.renispora
567:homothallic
563:Mortierella
556:Mortierella
544:Mortierella
534:Mortierella
522:Mortierella
502:Mortierella
486:Mortierella
459:Mortierella
443:Mortierella
412:Mortierella
400:Mortierella
385:Mortierella
357:Mortierella
342:Mortierella
322:Mortierella
293:Mortierella
289:Mortierella
281:Trichoderma
277:Penicillium
273:Mortierella
271:Species of
242:Mortierella
213:Mortierella
197:Naumoviella
162:Mortierella
119:Mortierella
25:Mortierella
2245:See also:
1838:Ascomycota
1611:Zygomycota
1245:True fungi
1134:: 186–194.
1088:: 278–282.
759:2011-01-15
732:References
710:pathogenic
670:Umbelopsis
571:M. epigama
552:zygospores
548:plasmogamy
526:zygomycete
352:Metabolism
317:Morphology
74:Division:
1496:Zoosporic
1473:Aphelidea
1337:Amoebozoa
1315:Alveolata
1303:Cryptista
1278:Eukaryota
1192:Genomes--
1158:: 1391–3.
1081:Mycologia
801:0027-5514
781:Mycologia
726:pneumonia
615:M. indohi
365:fish meal
334:Mucorales
228:(phylum:
64:Kingdom:
58:Eukaryota
2524:Category
2440:MycoBank
2375:Fungorum
2315:60015774
2310:AusFungi
2286:Q2301189
2280:Wikidata
1487:Eumycota
1332:Amorphea
1310:Rhizaria
1298:Hacrobia
1288:Excavata
1273:Bacteria
919:Deacon,
819:27738200
753:MycoBank
500:Fig 2 B
484:Fig 2 A
457:Fig 1 B
441:Fig 1 A
298:Fusarium
236:Taxonomy
172:Synonyms
160:List of
153:Species
104:Family:
54:Domain:
2419:1352509
2393:2558228
2084:basidia
1811:Dikarya
1347:Animals
1268:Archaea
810:6078412
647:mycelia
538:mitotic
381:Pythium
377:Pythium
304:Pythium
267:Ecology
191:Dewèvre
187:Carnoya
164:species
114:Genus:
94:Order:
84:Class:
2507:100254
2494:113842
2478:NZOR:
2432:181491
2406:200105
2367:1MORTG
2082:(with
1325:Plants
1262:Domain
1062:Bd. 1.
883:
867:]
840:
817:
807:
799:
623:hyphal
420:enzyme
404:chitin
307:etc.).
203:(1950)
201:Novot.
193:(1893)
127:(1863)
2502:WoRMS
2445:20345
2414:IRMNG
2380:20345
2354:18338
2328:23745
1948:Other
1498:fungi
1352:Fungi
869:(pdf)
863:[
561:Some
532:Some
398:Many
346:Mucor
338:Mucor
326:Mucor
285:Mucor
218:fungi
125:Coem.
68:Fungi
2471:4855
2466:NCBI
2427:ITIS
2388:GBIF
2362:EPPO
2341:5VBW
2323:BOLD
1086:1990
923:Bd.
894:2022
881:ISBN
838:ISBN
815:PMID
797:ISSN
287:and
2453:NBN
2349:EoL
2336:CoL
1039:doi
1007:doi
973:doi
873:doi
805:PMC
789:doi
785:108
637:or
554:of
371:or
259:by
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1109:16
1084:.
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772:*
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
