31:
325:, Mobed Soroushpur, suggested opening the priesthood to women after research on ancient Zoroastrian documents that revealed evidence of female clergy in ancient Persian times. "The concepts of equality have always been at the basis of our culture. In antiquity, there were many female priests, politicians, warriors and this even up to the Sasanian time,” he said. Potential corroboration may be found in the oral tradition of the Parsis, which acknowledges a female priest named
345:
may perform. The community is grappling with the question of whether to permit any
Zoroastrian to train to become a full-fledged mobed irrespective of caste, lineage, or gender. The concept of a universal priesthood would promote and encourage persons to train to become mobeds and mobedyars "regardless of their gender, ancestry or background".
317:
In 2008, the NAMC amended the original resolution passed in 1999 to broaden the criteria for the eligibility and training of mobedyars to include women. As of 2010, the North
American Mobeds Council had successfully trained six mobedyars to perform outer liturgical ceremonies and bereavement services
289:
n the early to mid 1900s, for various reasons, the young of the then mobeds were encouraged by their elders to be initiated as mobeds but to pursue other careers and professions. Though this resulted in a shortage of mobeds , it generated an unexpected benefit to
Zoroastrianism. Highly educated and
344:
Zoroastrian women have since been ordained in Iran and North
America to serve the community as mobedyars. Since the mobedyar program was initiated in North America, there has been some pushback on the restrictions placed on ordained mobedyars by the NAMC regarding the types of ceremonies mobedyars
313:
s to address the shortage of available mobeds across North
America. The program was initially open to any male Zoroastrian, irrespective of Athornan (priestly) or Behdhin (non-priestly) caste or lineage. The first mobedyar was ordained in Virginia in late 1997. Another NAMC-trained mobedyar was
281:, are required to be male from a priestly family (the "Athornan" class or caste). According to Parsi tradition, Athornan mobeds have held the responsibility of preserving and promoting religion since pre-Zoroastrian times of the mythical King
336:
In 2011, eight women were certified to serve the community as mobedyars. However, female mobedyars in Iran may be restricted in their ability to serve their community in the same manner as mobeds, such as tending to fires in
924:
564:
290:
enterprising young mobeds settled in North
America following their secular studies and founded the mobed base for the benefit of North American Zoroastrians.
980:
822:
530:
496:
932:
434:
396:
294:
Due to the shortage of priests, the community in India considered a project to train any Parsi man to serve as a mobed assistant or
30:
1032:
446:
329:
as among those who fled religious persecution and forced conversions in Arab-conquered Persia to establish a new homeland in
213:
1058:
905:
672:
823:"The Role of Zoroastrian Priests and the Delivery of Priestly Services from the Achaemenian Times to Present Day India"
856:
953:
388:
The
Sasanian World through Georgian Eyes: Caucasia and the Iranian Commonwealth in Late Antique Georgian Literature
146:
386:
768:
438:
416:
274:
305:
In 1995, the North
American Mobeds Council (NAMC) created a program to teach and ordain assistants called
224:
204:
167:
298:
in the 1970s. The plan was launched in the early 2000s using a new term for these priestly assistants:
882:
799:
256:
187:
248:
363:
87:
In lay use, the term is also used as an honorific to denote any
Zoroastrian priest of any rank.
1038:
1028:
452:
442:
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163:
133:
110:
330:
743:
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639:
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587:
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54:
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35:
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ordained in
California in 2004 after several years of serving the community.
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1024:
88:
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17:
322:
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268:
92:
59:
321:
In 2009-2010, the chairman of the Council of Zoroastrian Priests in
72:
29:
235:
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981:"Mobeds of the Future: A New Mobed Services in North America"
531:"Mobeds of the Future: A New Mobed Services in North America"
497:"Mobeds of the Future: A New Mobed Services in North America"
242:
565:"Not many takes for the Parsi version of deacons in Mumbai"
255:, mobed is distantly related to the English language word "
218:
692:"Becoming a Mobedyar, An Experience Serving the Community"
614:"Becoming a Mobedyar, An Experience Serving the Community"
178:
198:
773:
Religion Watch, Baylor Institute for Studies of Religion
121:
925:"Sedreh Pooshi by Female Mobedyar in Toronto-Canada"
431:
The Zoroastrian Faith: Tradition and Modern Research
1020:
Zoroastrians, their religious beliefs and practices
230:is also identified as the origin of the Latin word
75:ceremony and other higher liturgical ceremonies. A
906:"The Jury Is Still Out On Women as Parsi Priests"
857:"8 Zarthoshti Women Receive Mobedyar Certificate"
71:is qualified to serve as celebrant priest at the
109:, the first half of the expression derived from
287:
105:The term mobad is a contraction of Old Persian
744:"History of the North American Mobeds Council"
718:"History of the North American Mobeds Council"
588:"History of the North American Mobeds Council"
137:
769:"Zoroastrian Women Moving Towards Priesthood"
127:
8:
362:Karanjia, Er. Ramiyar P. (August 14, 2016).
79:is also qualified to train other priests.
742:Kotwal, Er. Nozer Sorabji (Spring 2010).
716:Kotwal, Er. Nozer Sorabji (Spring 2010).
586:Kotwal, Er. Nozer Sorabji (Spring 2010).
690:Bhujwala, Maneck Nawroji (Spring 2010).
612:Bhujwala, Maneck Nawroji (Spring 2010).
391:. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd. p. 58.
354:
923:Khosraviani, Mahshad (June 19, 2013),
855:Atashband, Armita (24 February 2011).
318:in the absence of an ordained priest.
57:cleric of a particular rank. Unlike a
883:"The Zoroastrian Priestesses of Iran"
800:"The Zoroastrian Priestesses of Iran"
7:
881:Bertoluzzi, Giulia (July 31, 2015).
798:Bertoluzzi, Giulia (July 31, 2015).
429:Nigosian, Solomon Alexander (1993),
364:"Understanding Our Religious Titles"
150:
128:
114:
979:Mirza, Tehemton F. (Spring 2019).
904:Wadia, Arzan Sam (March 9, 2011),
529:Mirza, Tehemton F. (Spring 2019).
495:Mirza, Tehemton F. (Spring 2019).
53:(Middle Persian: 𐭬𐭢𐭥𐭯𐭲) is a
25:
34:Golden statuettes of two mobads,
638:Mistry, Jamshed (Spring 2010).
435:McGill-Queen's University Press
241:". Through the Greek adjective
1:
469:Karanjia, Er. Dr. Ramiyar P.
931:, Parsi News, archived from
821:Desai, Cowas (Spring 2019).
219:
199:
179:
158:
563:Nair, Manoj (May 8, 2017).
132:. The word was borrowed as
122:
1075:
333:around the ninth century.
266:
243:
208:
191:
171:
385:Rapp, Stephen H. (2014).
138:
475:Dadar Athornan Institute
673:"California's Mobedyar"
252:
954:"The mobedyar's rites"
640:"A Pracising Mobeydar"
292:
38:
1017:Boyce, Mary (2001) ,
33:
433:, Montreal, Quebec:
417:Encyclopædia Iranica
1059:Zoroastrian priests
935:on October 9, 2014
679:. October 1, 2004.
275:community in India
39:
27:Zoroastrian priest
885:. Middle East Eye
802:. Middle East Eye
567:. Hindustan Times
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16:(Redirected from
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98:"high priest of
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779:. February 2016
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366:. Parsi Times
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996:. Retrieved
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962:. Retrieved
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937:, retrieved
933:the original
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887:. Retrieved
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864:. Retrieved
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838:. Retrieved
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569:. Retrieved
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478:. Retrieved
474:
471:"Admissions"
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430:
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368:. Retrieved
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339:fire temples
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42:
40:
939:October 10,
757:(1): 90–92.
731:(1): 90–92.
601:(1): 90–92.
188:Old Persian
55:Zoroastrian
1034:0415239028
1023:, London:
448:077351144X
437:, p.
349:References
249:Old French
159:mawhəp̄āṭā
129:𐬞𐬀𐬌𐬙𐬌
91:appointed
1025:Routledge
457:243566889
311:paramobed
296:paramobed
263:Mobedyars
214:romanized
162:and from
89:Hormizd I
1053:Category
1043:45438877
958:Parsiana
705:(1): 93.
677:Parsiana
627:(1): 93.
480:July 10,
307:mobedyar
186:Through
164:Parthian
134:Georgian
115:𐬨𐬀𐬔𐬀
107:magupati
1011:Sources
998:July 9,
994:(1): 30
964:July 4,
889:July 4,
866:July 4,
840:July 9,
836:(1): 24
806:July 4,
783:July 4,
657:July 5,
571:July 4,
548:July 9,
544:(1): 30
514:July 9,
510:(1): 30
412:"Mobad"
370:July 4,
283:Jamshid
253:magique
244:μαγικός
216::
151:ܡܘܗܦܛܐ
111:Avestan
100:priests
1041:
1031:
988:FEZANA
830:FEZANA
751:FEZANA
725:FEZANA
699:FEZANA
647:FEZANA
621:FEZANA
595:FEZANA
538:FEZANA
504:FEZANA
455:
445:
395:
327:Testar
323:Tehran
279:Parsis
277:, the
269:Parsis
228:*magu-
192:𐎶𐎦𐏁
180:mogpet
172:մոգպետ
143:mogu-i
139:მოგუ-ი
136::
93:Kartir
60:herbad
47:mowbed
18:Mowbed
984:(PDF)
826:(PDF)
747:(PDF)
721:(PDF)
695:(PDF)
643:(PDF)
617:(PDF)
591:(PDF)
534:(PDF)
500:(PDF)
309:s or
257:magic
234:, a "
232:magus
220:magos
209:μάγος
200:maguš
83:Usage
77:mobed
73:Yasna
69:mobed
67:), a
65:ervad
51:mobad
49:, or
43:mobed
1039:OCLC
1029:ISBN
1000:2022
966:2022
941:2014
891:2022
868:2022
842:2022
808:2022
785:2022
777:31–4
659:2022
653:: 94
651:24–1
573:2022
550:2022
516:2022
482:2022
453:OCLC
443:ISBN
393:ISBN
372:2022
247:and
236:magi
203:and
145:and
126:and
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166:as
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
