Motorized scooter - Knowledge (XXG)

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of day. Under-reporting poses as additional gaps in knowledge, as minor crashes, for example, tend to be under-reported and thus unaccounted for in overall e-scooter injury prevalence and there exist gaps in research on injuries related to e-scooters. Scooter-sharing systems such as Lime or Bird include safety precautions on the scooters themselves, such as: "helmet required, license required, no riding on sidewalks, no double riding, 18+ years old". Apps used to unlock and rent the scooters will also have safety reminders and ask the riders to abide by local laws while using them. However, these recommendations are not always followed, and the difference in laws between cities and states makes regulation difficult.

522:, had begun regularly seizing e-scooters on the grounds that the owner did not have insurance. This was despite a Freedom of Information request detailing that the Garda website displayed incorrect information to the public, detailing that e-scooters requiring human power to start would not be considered mechanically propelled vehicles and, as such, would fall outside the remit requiring insurance. The owner groups, such as eScoot.ie, have been publicly vocal, attracting media attention and urging e-scooter owners to sign a petition for lawmakers to legalize the public use of "electric rideables" in Ireland. Under growing pressure, the Minister for Transport 702: 736:, for example, requires that a person riding a motorized scooter on a street be 16 years of age or older, have a valid driver's license, be wearing a bicycle helmet, have no passengers, and otherwise follow the same rules of the road the same as cars do. The motorized scooter must have brakes, may not have handlebars raised above the operator's shoulders, and if ridden at night must have a headlight, a taillight, and side reflectors. A motorized scooter may not be operated on sidewalks or on streets if the posted speed limit is over 25 miles per hour (40 km/h) unless in a Class II bicycle lane. 675:

to November 2022, rental e-scooters may be ridden on roads and cycle lanes but not footways; riders must be 16 or over and have a driving licence. Using a phone, driving under the influence of alcohol, and other risks, are not allowed, as for other motor vehicles. Action is not usually taken against users of private scooters on roads and footways, but in December 2021 West Midlands Police announced that they had seized and destroyed 140 e-scooters. In July 2023, the police and crime commissioner for Kent called on police to seize and crush all e-scooters being ridden on public land.

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e-bike, e-scooter, and bicycle riders at crossing signalized intersections and found three different types of risky behaviors including stopping beyond the stop line, riding in motor lanes, and riding against traffic. A study of 2014-2020 UCLA-affiliated hospitals and outpatient center visits found that e-scooter injury rates in Greater Los Angeles area were similar to those of motorcycles, with about 33% of victims needing extensive follow-up care. However, the fatality rate was comparable to pedal bikes.

874: 31: 266:. Potential environmental benefits depend upon how scooters are used: if they replace car journeys they may be beneficial, but not if they replace walked or cycled journeys. Manufacture of the batteries, in particular, requires resources, and they are often not recycled. Lime estimated that globally one in four trips on its scooters replaced a car journey. A December 2021 Swiss research paper found that privately owned e-scooters tended to replace car journeys, but rented e-scooters emitted more CO 213: 598: 566: 295: 947: 98: 531:

e-scooters, however a number of significant safety concerns were raised. The Minister have announced a two-month public consultation starting on 1 September 2019. The main areas of the consultation cover what personal protective equipment should be used, what training should be provided, what safety or certification standards devices should meet, what age restrictions should apply and where the devices can be used publicly.

730:, as they cannot be tagged, titled, insured, and do not meet federal requirements for lights or mirrors. Particular localities may have further ordinances that limit the use of motorized scooters. The top speed of the average motorized scooter is around 20 miles per hour (32 km/h). Due to their small wheels, motorized scooters are not typically safe for street use as even the smallest bumps can cause an accident. 108: 771: 1003: 477: 415:

while using electric-kick scooters or, e-scooters. The new laws require all riders to carry a valid driver's license, and those under the age of 16 must be accompanied by an adult who also carries a valid driver's license. Riders are now also required to wear an approved helmet when operating their e-scooter and have bright lights installed on the front and back of their vehicles.

749:, motorized scooters are classified as Personal Mobility Devices, and are therefore not considered motor vehicles. This means there is no inspection, license, insurance, or registration required. Additionally, this means that motorized scooters are allowed on the sidewalks, and helmets are not required. 865:

When electric direct drive is not the rule, the simplest is the spindle drive, which puts an extension of the engine's output shaft, the spindle, in direct contact with the scooter's rear tire. To work correctly, the tire must have a clean, dry surface with which the spindle can effectively interact.

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to research how e-scooters are regulated in other countries, particularly other EU member states. A decision is to be taken on whether or not to amend existing legislation. In August 2019 the Road Safety Authority submitted a report on the use of e-scooters to Ross. The report is broadly in favour of

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Currently France only allows e-scooters on footpaths if they have a maximum speed of 6 kilometres per hour (3.7 mph). Those travelling at up to 25 km/h are relegated to bike lanes. Legislators are considering a new law that would force users of e-scooters going faster than 25 kilometres per

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Commuting in Canada with an e-scooter has increased. As power-assisted bicycles, e-scooters must follow many of the same federal laws and regulations, such as being limited to 32 km/h and not being allowed over 500 W output. Ontario has recently unveiled a series of laws aimed at ensuring safety

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As e-scooters become more popular in urban and high traffic settings, user safety poses a major concern alongside other health risks for drivers, pedestrians, cyclists and other vulnerable groups such as the elderly and children sharing the road. A study conducted in China assessed risky behaviors of

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Following a court case, a new provision of the Road Traffic Act came into force as of 21 April 2019, whereby an e-scooter falls under the definition of a moped (power up to 4 kW, max speed 45 km/h). Therefore, such vehicles are not allowed to ride on the footpaths as well as bicycle lanes.

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The same study found that those riding e-scooters are more likely to engage in risky behaviors. In specific, e-scooter riders were more likely to ride in motor lanes and ride against the flow of traffic through there is high variability in the types of accidents that occur and can vary based on time

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The simplest drive mechanism of stand-up scooters is the electric direct drive, where the motor directly drives the rear wheel. Some electric scooters have two motors, one for each wheel. Brushless motors can be extremely efficient this way, especially when regenerative braking is implemented. A

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Privately owned e-scooters are deemed to be Personal Light Electric Vehicles, subject to legal requirements regarding MOT testing, tax, and licensing. In practice they cannot be made to meet the requirements for road use, and they also may not be used on footways. In some trial areas from mid-2020

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E-scooters in New Zealand are classed as a 'Low-powered vehicle that does not require registration', provided that the output power is under 300 watts. They can therefore be ridden on footpaths, roads and separated cycleways. They cannot be ridden on paint-defined cycleways on the road. Helmets are

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Under existing road traffic legislation, the use of an e-scooter on public roads is not permitted. According to the Road Traffic Act 1961, all e-scooters are considered to be "mechanically propelled vehicles". Anyone using a mechanically propelled vehicle in a public place must have insurance, road

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E-scooters' recurring role in traffic accidents has led to a regulatory pushback in Spain. There have been reported 273 accidents, three of which were fatal in 2018. Spanish legislators are working on a regulation banning e-scooters from footpaths and limiting their speed to 25 kilometres per hour

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In Britain as of late 2021 privately owned e-scooters could not be used on public roads or foot-ways; during a trial from mid-2020 until late 2022 rental scooters could be used on roads, but not foot-ways, by users with an appropriate driving licence. At the time private scooters were widely used,

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Limited numbers of approved e-scooters by the Dutch Ministry of Infrastructure and Water Management are permitted to drive on public roads and categorised as 'Bijzondere Bromfiets'. The speed limit is 25km/h. Insurance, driving license and license plate not required for the approved models by the

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E-scooters sold in Singapore have to comply with a strict set of regulations; maximum speed of 25 kilometres per hour (16 mph), must not exceed 70 cm in width & must not weigh more than 20 kg. Retailers are allowed to sell non-compliant e-scooters however they have to indicate

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A consumer association in Belgium tested e-scooters, concluding that a bicycle was preferable, citing many problems with the devices, including in particular battery failure and very poor braking in wet conditions. E-scooters were regulated as toys, without the safety considerations required for

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and leisure. New ride-sharing systems have made e-scooters easily accessible. They are popular in urban areas and are used as an alternative to bicycling or walking. Ride sharing companies first started dropping these scooters off in large US cities in 2018, and the need for short distance easy

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In Georgia, motorized scooters are considered Electric Personal Assistive Mobility Devices, meaning they can be used on sidewalks and highways where the speed limit is at most 35 miles per hour (56 km/h), or in the bike lane. The law also specifies that users of Electric Personal Assistive

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In Norway, e-scooters are classed as bicycles, and can therefore be ridden on footpaths, roads and separated cycleways as well as paint-defined cycleways on the road. Maximum speed is restricted to 20 km/h. Maximum weight of the e-scooter, including the battery, must not exceed 70 kg.

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four-fold increase in injury rate and a six-fold increase in mortality rates. However, significant gaps remain in the knowledge about the safety measures and impact of e-scooters. A particular cause of accidents is the instability of vehicles with such small wheels when, for example, hitting a

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As availability and demand for e-scooters increases, with more powerful versions capable of reaching up to 50 miles per hour, the number of traffic accident cases has increased. Israel witnessed a six-fold increase of e-bike and e-scooter accidents over a span of three years, and China found a

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found that in 2017, e-scooters and roller skates combined caused 284 injuries and five deaths in France, a 23 percent increase on the previous year. The perception of e-scooters is that they are fast, silent and therefore dangerous, causing many accidents, and the need to legislate is urgent.

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In an April 2023 referendum, voters in Paris chose to remove e-scooters from the city after the current vendor contracts expire. The ban applies to rental scooters which have been offered by several operators since 2018, although people will still be able to use privately owned contraptions.

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E-scooters are a potentially environmentally friendly alternative personal mode of transportation that has appeal in urban settings and for short distances. However, they are not exempt from the vulnerabilities users may encounter in road traffic injuries similar to exposures pedestrians and

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Scooter sharing companies have rules for operation printed on both the scooter and in the app, which includes instructions to not ride on the sidewalk. Given that the laws regarding motorized scooters vary from state to state, the scooter sharing instructions can differ from the local law.

695:, London in a collision on a roundabout with a truck. London's cycling commissioner said that "new regulations must be put forward quickly" as e-scooters are "currently not safe—with no restrictions on speeds, no mandatory brakes and lights, and no rules on who can ride them and where". 381:

In the ACT, the framework for personal mobility devices was amended to include e-scooters and other similar devices from 20 December 2019, permitting use on footpaths, shared paths, bicycle paths and the bicycle side of separated paths. Bicycle helmets are required to be worn.

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approved draft legislation which will "regularise" e-scooters and electric bikes as commonly accepted means of transport under proposed new vehicle category, to be known as "Powered Personal Transporters" (PPTs), which will not require road tax, insurance or driving license.

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The regulation makes a distinction between vehicles restricted to 12 km/h, authorized to users aged from 12 years up and which may circulate on footpaths, and those restricted to 20 km/h, restricted to cycle paths, users over 14 years old and with compulsory

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hour (16 mph) to have a type A1 license—the same as for small motorcycles. The legal framework is very blurry and does not define where e-scooters may or may not be driven or parked. The Deputy Mayor of Paris Christophe Najdovski is lobbying Transport Minister

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of some sort, often surrounding a hard-plastic insert. Sizes vary between 8 inches (200 mm) and 11 inches (280 mm) usually, and scooters with larger are available, for both road and off-road use. There are some with unusually wide tires especially for

283:, cyclists are often forced onto pedestrian sidewalks, and pedestrians use bike lanes and thus increase the risk of traffic collision. A 2022 review of medical notes found that injury rates due to e-scooters were more like those of motorcycles than bicycles. 318:

illegally, on foot ways and roads. There were safety concerns—scooter accidents were causing injuries more like motorcycles than pedal cycles. Privately owned scooters were banned from carriage on London public transport after a spate of battery fires.

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To drive an e-scooter on the road by people aged 10 to 18, it is required to have the same qualifications as for cycling, i.e. a bicycle card or driving license of categories AM, A1, B1 or T. For people over 18 years, such a document is not required.

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From May 20, 2021, the regulations on the traffic of e-scooters are in force. An e-scooter is an electric powered vehicle, two-axle, with a steering wheel, without a seat and without pedals, designed to be driven only by the rider on that vehicle.

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However, due to the lack of homologation, it is not possible to register an e-scooter as a road vehicle, which makes it illegal for the use on the road. The legislators are now working on changes to the law to introduce the definition of the

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guidelines formed in 2016. It became legal for people over 15 years of age to ride electric motorized scooters with speed limited to 25 km/h on public roads, mirroring e-bikes. Protective gear and insurance are not required by law.

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Yang, Hongtai; Cherry, Christopher R.; Su, Fan; Ling, Ziwen; Pannell, Zane; Li, Yanlai; Fu, Zhijian (2018-05-25). "Underreporting, crash severity and fault assignment of minor crashes in China – a study based on self-reported surveys".

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reduction drives use the combination of wide flat "cog" belts and pulleys to transfer power to the rear wheel. Like chain drives, belt drives include a centrifugal clutch, but are more susceptible to breakage in off-road conditions.

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In 2022 a woman riding a rental scooter erratically while over the legal limit for alcohol pleaded guilty to drink-driving. She had not known that it was an offence, but was fined, and banned from driving for 18 months.

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Japan is removing in July 2023 the requirement for escooter riders to have a driver's license. Scooters can be ridden on pavements where bicycles are allowed as long as they are slower than 6 kph and flash a green light.

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The first ever person hit by e-scooter died in Spain in August 2019. A 92-year-old woman fell and struck her head to the pavement when an e-scooter hit her, travelling at less than 10 kilometres per hour (6.2 mph).

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E-scooters in Singapore are categorized as Personal Mobility Devices (PMD), and as such, are subjected to the Land Transport Authority's regulations. All e-scooter owners are required to register their devices with the

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While some local governments in Queensland have not allowed Lime Scooter trials, Brisbane City Council is currently undertaking a Lime Scooter trial and has invited tenders for two scooter contracts in the city.

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Ioannides, Kimon L. H.; Wang, Pin-Chieh; Kowsari, Kamran; Vu, Vu; Kojima, Noah; Clayton, Dayna; Liu, Charles; Trivedi, Tarak K.; Schriger, David L.; Elmore, Joann G. (6 April 2022). Saha, Sriparna (ed.).

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and affix the registration number on their scooter. E-scooters that are not registered by 1 July 2019 will have their devices seized by the authorities and the offender would be liable for punishment.

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In April 2019, the "electric propulsion vehicles without seats" and mono-wheels were added to the regulatory list of vehicles allowed to circulate in the streets. The eKV was enacted on 15 June 2019.

911:, to the complicated, dampened cam-link and C.I.D.L.I (Cantilevered Independent Dynamic Linkless Indespension) suspension mechanisms or a hybrid combination of wooden deck, coil spring, and dampers. 698:

The first death of a pedestrian hit by an e-scooter occurred on 8 June 2022, when the 71-year old victim died in hospital after being impacted by a 14-year old scooter-riding male on 2 June.

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for a clearer framework that would give municipalities the power to tighten the rules on how permits are issued and how authorizations are given to deploy a fleet of e-scooters to operators.

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Ioannides, Kimon L. H.; Wang, Pin-Chieh; Kowsari, Kamran; Vu, Vu; Kojima, Noah; Clayton, Dayna; Liu, Charles; Trivedi, Tarak K.; Schriger, David L.; Elmore, Joann G. (2022-04-06).

2580: 931:. Brakes can be placed on the front and/or back wheel(s). Many newer e-scooter models also have Kinetic Energy Regeneration System (KERS), which also acts as an electronic 511:

The use of e-scooters and mono-wheels has exploded in Irish urban areas in recent years, with estimated more than 2,000 e-scooters regularly traveling the roads of Dublin.

3217: 2244: 2189: 2098: 2885: 1725: 2784: 1792:

Siman-Tov, Maya; Radomislensky, Irina; Israel Trauma Group; Peleg, Kobi (3 April 2017). "The casualties from electric bike and motorized scooter road accidents".

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Xu, Jun; Shang, Shi; Yu, Guizhen; Qi, Hongsheng; Wang, Yunpeng; Xu, Shucai (2016-02-01). "Are electric self-balancing scooters safe in vehicle crash accidents?".

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and they do not have any age restrictions. However, all e-scooters that have a maximum speed over 25 km/h are classified as small motorcycles and require a

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Stand-up scooters may have solid tires, pneumatic tires with tubes, or tubeless pneumatic tires. There is variety within each kind; solids generally have a

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bicyclists have shared the roads. For example, Israel has seen over 120,000 imports of e-bike and e-scooters over a two-year period, but due to poor

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Bai, Lu; Liu, Pan; Guo, Yanyong; Yu, Hao (2015-01-15). "Comparative Analysis of Risky Behaviors of Electric Bicycles at Signalized Intersections".

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access transportation in many cities has meant that they have become increasingly popular with more and more companies looking to join the market.

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introduces its stand-up scooter. Pulling back on the handlebar disengaged the clutch and applied the brake. Production continued until 1921;

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Maximum width must not exceed 85 cm and maximum length is 120 cm. There is no age restriction or requirement to wear a helmet.

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In Queensland, the laws around the use of e-scooters and other personal mobility devices are made and enforced by the state government.

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When electric kick scooters were introduced in Norway, the media reported a high increase in accidents, including several deaths.

58:, they are generally designed with a large center deck on which the rider stands. The first motorized scooter was manufactured by 3194: 3214: 2758: 3376: 3028: 2306: 2282: 1397: 796: 2332: 1010: 2567:"Verordnung über die Teilnahme von Elektrokleinstfahrzeugen am Straßenverkehr1 (Elektrokleinstfahrzeuge-Verordnung - eKFV)" 500:

needed. Crash accident are under-reported (74% missing) when counted as declaration to police rather than to the hospital.

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Mobility Devices, including motorized scooter riders, "have the same rights and duties as prescribed for pedestrians".

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tax, and a driving license. However, it is currently not possible to tax or insure e-scooters or electric skateboards.

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laws treat motorized scooters similarly to bicycles. They are typically allowed on sidewalks, bike lanes, and roads.

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E-scooters can be used on cycle paths, and on urban roads without cycle paths where the speed limit is below 50 kph.

2809: 1485: 642:, e-scooters can only be ridden on footpaths and cycling paths. They are not allowed to be ridden on public roads. 332: 263: 47: 2478: 2084: 1510: 800: 785: 1574: 1597: 932: 628: 24: 2421:"Several countries tighten e-scooter rules as German study finds huge underreporting of injuries | ETSC" 3371: 2630: 489: 3344: 3291: 3224: 1967:"E-scooter related injuries: Using natural language processing to rapidly search 36 million medical notes" 1846:"E-scooter related injuries: Using natural language processing to rapidly search 36 million medical notes" 1281: 1276: 873: 866:

Scooters with this type of direct transmission can be pull-started with the rear wheel off the ground, or

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Electric vehicles with a power up to 600 watts and a speed up to 25 km/h are considered as bicycles.

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Ustawa z dnia 30 marca 2021 r. o zmianie ustawy – Prawo o ruchu drogowym oraz niektórych innych ustaw (

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Canberra, Access Canberra; PositionTitle=Manager; SectionName=Access Canberra; CorporateName=Access.

1978: 1857: 1675: 727: 607: 519: 327: 20: 3270: 2967: 1664:"Mode choice, substitution patterns and environmental impacts of shared and personal micro-mobility" 155:

2010: Nimrod Ricardo Sapir starts producing the world's first motorized folding e-scooter utilizing

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The same rules for operating an automobile while intoxicated also apply to electric kick scooters.

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The suspension systems of stand-up scooters range from nothing at all, to simplistic spring based

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that use apps to allow users to rent them by the minute; such systems were initially found in the

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https://www.qld.gov.au/transport/safety/rules/wheeled%20-devices%20/%20personal-mobility-devices

1372: 449: 3108: 2704: 1336: 3065: 2344: 2238: 2183: 2058: 2050: 2014: 1996: 1939: 1931: 1893: 1875: 1817: 1809: 1771: 1763: 1703: 1444:, Sapir, Riccardo Nimrod, "Folding wheel mechanism for vehicle", issued 2010-12-09 1415: 1376: 1340: 1054: 895: 639: 2566: 1511:"Electric scooters for grown-ups are taking over San Francisco, and tech workers are annoyed" 970: 2042: 2004: 1986: 1923: 1883: 1865: 1801: 1755: 1693: 1683: 1535: 1177: 746: 565: 294: 212: 111: 1563:"Pentagon Deploys T3 Series Clean Energy, Electric Stand-up Vehicle for Perimeter Security" 385:

Perth became the latest City to announce an e scooter trial, which launched in March 2023.

97: 3315: 3221: 2735: 1726:"'I know they're exciting – but calm down!' Britain's love-hate affair with the e-scooter" 1427: 1220: 1188: 928: 908: 688: 497: 436: 238: 178: 163: 51: 2259:"RIS – Straßenverkehrsordnung 1960 § 2 – Bundesrecht konsolidiert, tagesaktuelle Fassung" 138:

2004: Evo Powerboards introduces the 2x, the first scooter with a two-speed transmission.

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May 2001: Go-Ped introduces the first full-suspension stand-up e-scooter, the Hoverboard.

3169: 2166:"Rules for personal mobility devices | Bicycles, skateboards, foot scooters and similar" 1982: 1861: 1679: 254:

E-scooters, and other electric vehicles, have the potential to reduce carbon dioxide (CO

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The first UK fatality involving an e-scooter occurred on 12 July 2019 when 35-year-old

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Blood Alcohol Concentration (BAC) is limited to 0.2 gram per liter as for car drivers.

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Rules dated 13 July 2020; guidance updated occasionally to specify trial area changes.

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are also used to transfer energy to the rear wheel, generally incorporating a type of

3365: 1829: 86: 78: 55: 3126: 3057: 2070: 1951: 107: 2099:"Sjokktall om el-sparkesykkelulykker i Oslo: – Rart vi ikke har hatt dødsfall ennå" 1120: 518:

In March 2019, e-scooter owners started reporting that the Irish police force, the

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1986: Go-Ped introduces the first modern stand-up scooters, the Roadster and Sport.

43: 2915: 2046: 1805: 1991: 1927: 1870: 1196: 1049: 885: 770: 458: 3241: 1698: 1460: 476: 1759: 1688: 1663: 1622:"The Love of the People Isn't Enough to Keep Shared Electric Scooters Rolling" 1307:"Micromobility is the future of urban transportation | Deloitte Insights" 920: 867: 733: 535: 523: 242: 82: 19:

This article is about powered stand-up scooters. For scooters with seats, see

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clearly that they can only be used on private property or for use overseas.

262:, and other pollutants, if they are used to replace travel in vehicles with 202: 2810:"Riders of electric kick scooters will not need driver's license from July" 2062: 2018: 1943: 1897: 1821: 1775: 726:

Rules in the United States vary by state. Motorized scooters are often not

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Belgium's traffic rules were updated on 1 June 2019 to be in line with the

1598:"How to Make Commuting Fast and Fun with an Electric Scooter - 2022 Guide" 870:

by forcefully pushing them with the rear tire in contact with the ground.

610:, which would allow e-scooters to be used on footpaths and bicycle lanes. 336:

Electric kick scooter national speed limit in Europe since 1 October 2023

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and brushless hub motors become available from Micro Mobility Systems AG.

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large proportion of newer so-called "e-scooters" are designed this way.

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Helmets for children up to 15 years are mandatory since spring 2022.

171: 2679:"Garda Website Showed Incorrect Information About Electric Scooters" 2530:

Parisians overwhelmingly vote to expel e-scooters from their streets

3127:"Kent PCC wants e-scooters used on public roads seized and crushed" 2364: 2916:"Sąd uznał, że jadący na hulajnodze elektrycznej nie jest pieszym" 2085:"Consumer test of e-scooters leads to "get a bike" recommendation" 872: 846: 700: 596: 564: 480:

Sign prohibiting the riding or carrying of micro electric vehicles

475: 365: 331: 293: 219: 211: 126: 106: 96: 29: 3152:"E-scooter woman who rode while drunk on hen do gets driving ban" 3029:"Regulation for use of e-scooter enters into force - Turkey News" 1228: 1083: 658:

Spain is introducing technical standards and mandatory helmets.

170:, Israel, renamed Inokim in 2013 and later moving production to 152:

designs the world's first folding e-scooter based on his patent.

3058:"Rental e-scooters are now legal. Here's what you need to know" 2543:"Paris becomes first European capital to ban electric scooters" 145:-powered scooter and go-kart, the GSR Pro-Ped and GSR Pro-Quad. 2731:"Law means electric scooters are a non-starter on Irish roads" 997: 764: 177:

2013: Light electric folding scooters powered by rechargeable

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of Germany built the Autoped under license from 1919 to 1922.

2147:"Trial delays put a brake on e-scooter makers' UK ambitions" 2035:

International Journal of Injury Control and Safety Promotion

2283:"RIS – Kraftfahrgesetz 1967 § 1 – Bundesrecht konsolidiert" 3003:"No jail for man who caused first electric scooter death" 1668:

Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment

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Reck, Daniel J.; Martin, Henry; Axhausen, Kay W. (2022).

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In Finland e-scooters must comply with the same rules as

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Personal transporter § Use and regulation by country

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are rolled out in major cities, largely as expansions of

2339:. June 2019. Archived from the original on 17 June 2019. 1398:"Go-Ped GSR Pro-Ped Cruiser Propane Powered Gas Scooter" 85:, Australia, but now are in major cities and in all the 54:

in its front and/or rear wheel. Classified as a form of

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E-scooters with bicycle helmets in Canberra during 2020

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November 2009: Go-Ped introduces its first completely

2435:"Liikennesäännöt koskevat myös sähköpotkulautailijaa" 1363:

Wilson, Hugo (1995). "The Directory of Motorcycles".

3109:"'We seized and destroyed more than 100 e-scooters'" 2982:"UTO i urządzenia wspomagające ruch – nowe przepisy" 2087:. European Transport Safety Council. 9 October 2020. 298:

The site of a car–scooter collision in New York City

73:) have grown in popularity with the introduction of 2759:"Public consultation on Personal Powered Transport" 2611:"E-Scooter: Das gilt im Straßenverkehr | ADAC" 2460:"Kysymyksiä sähköpotkulaudasta, vastaajana poliisi" 2547:Paris bids adieu to love-or-hate electric scooters 1364: 1328: 3292:"Non-Traditional Motor Vehicles and DC Law | dmv" 1856:(4). Public Library of Science (PLoS): e0266097. 3195:E-scooter collision claims first pedestrian life 1646:How micromobility is transforming urban mobility 1358: 1356: 2505:"Les Accidents de Trottinettes en Forte Hausse" 1327:Wilson, Hugo (1995). "The A-Z of Motorcycles". 1322: 1320: 569:E-scooters in central Christchurch, New Zealand 2473: 2471: 2469: 2127:"21-åring omkom i ulykke med el-sparkesykkel" 423:Since 1 January 2022, helmets are mandatory. 8: 3170:"E-scooter crashes spark call for new rules" 2479:"E-scooters test Europe's old traffic rules" 2243:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 2188:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 456: 2390:"Electric kick-style scooters (e-scooters)" 2140: 2138: 2136: 1536:"To Serve and Protect, Perched on 3 Wheels" 892:to allow the engine to idle independently. 799:. Unsourced material may be challenged and 2415: 2413: 2411: 2409: 2113:"Mann død etter ulykke på el-sparkesykkel" 705:Different motorized scooters available in 216:Scooters of several operators in Stockholm 3215:Pedestrian dies after e-scooter collision 2835:"Regels voor elektrische steps (e-steps)" 2216:"Personal mobility device use in the ACT" 2008: 1990: 1887: 1869: 1697: 1687: 819:Learn how and when to remove this message 534:In February 2021 Communications Minister 3051: 3049: 270:than the transport modes they replaced. 3113:BBC News Birmingham & Black Country 2968:Dz.U. z 2021 r. poz. 720 1719: 1717: 1298: 952:Man on a motorised scooter in the 1920s 942: 919:Brake systems of kick scooters include 3202:, 14 June 2022. Retrieved 1 July 2022 3090:"E-scooter trials: guidance for users" 2454: 2452: 2342: 2236: 2181: 1423: 1413: 1371:. London: Dorling Kindersley. p. 1335:. London: Dorling Kindersley. p. 988:An Evercross H5 e-scooter being ridden 964:1922 Austro Motorette 82 cc two stroke 3318:. Georgia Department of Public Safety 3263:"Michigan laws on motorized scooters" 3227:, 13 June 2022. Retrieved 1 July 2022 2653:"Gardaí confiscate electric scooters" 1909: 1907: 1787: 1785: 1741: 1739: 7: 2333:"Wetgeving elektrische steps België" 797:adding citations to reliable sources 709:in March 2023, including those from 237:Motorized kick scooters are used in 3316:"Georgia Code: Low Speed Vehicles" 2164:Queensland, c=AU; o=The State of. 1748:Accident Analysis & Prevention 1534:Kaminer, Ariel (22 October 2010). 1486:"Micro Mobility Scooter Worldwide" 1367:The Encyclopedia of the Motorcycle 1331:The Encyclopedia of the Motorcycle 14: 2624:Schattauer, Göran (4 June 2022). 2145:Topham, Gwyn (24 December 2021). 258:) emissions which are a cause of 2307:"Scooters – European commission" 1573:. 6 January 2011. Archived from 1001: 981: 969: 957: 945: 769: 601:Electric kicks scooter in Poland 3238:"Scooter and Go-Ped Guidelines" 2129:. Rogalands Avis. 3 March 2022. 935:system (E-ABS) on some models. 877:T3 Patroller electric stand-up 574:not required, but recommended. 148:2009: Italian-Israeli designer 3056:Bernal, Natasha (2020-07-01). 2587:. 4 April 2019. Archived from 1651:(Report). Lime. 20 April 2022. 1509:Robinson, Melia (2018-04-02). 1: 2220:www.accesscanberra.act.gov.au 2047:10.1080/17457300.2018.1476382 1806:10.1080/15389588.2016.1246723 1724:Kale, Sirin (27 April 2022). 3343:. 2019-10-26. Archived from 3269:. 2018-10-13. Archived from 2984:. Policja Warmińsko-Mazurska 2980:Policja Warmińsko-Mazurska. 2865:New Zealand Transport Agency 2511:(in French). 11 October 2018 1992:10.1371/journal.pone.0266097 1928:10.1080/15389588.2014.952724 1871:10.1371/journal.pone.0266097 1602:PensacolaVoice Magazine 2022 3382:Vehicles introduced in 1915 2365:"Law Document English View" 1596:Alimp, Danko (2021-01-21). 264:internal combustion engines 3398: 2101:. Nettavisen. 6 July 2021. 325: 200: 48:internal combustion engine 46:powered by either a small 18: 2886:"Small electric vehicles" 2349:: CS1 maint: unfit URL ( 1916:Traffic Injury Prevention 1794:Traffic Injury Prevention 1760:10.1016/j.aap.2015.10.022 1689:10.1016/j.trd.2021.103134 1461:"ה I-PHONE של הקורקינטים" 845:use. Most of them use a 608:Personal Transport Device 166:under the MyWay brand in 2841:(in Dutch). 16 June 2021 1396:Inc, UrbanScooters com. 629:Land Transport Authority 34:An electric kick scooter 16:Powered stand-up scooter 3204:(subscription required) 2581:"E-scooters in Germany" 2115:. TV2. 15 January 2022. 1674:. Elsevier BV: 103134. 1467:(in Hebrew). 2010-09-19 857:Drive and transmissions 490:motor vehicle insurance 455:French daily newspaper 186:scooter-sharing systems 75:scooter-sharing systems 3225:Nottinghamshire Police 2861:"Low-powered vehicles" 1490:www.micro-mobility.com 1465:Wheel חדשות ומבצעי רכב 1282:Bicycle-sharing system 1277:Scooter-sharing system 886:chain reduction drives 881: 718: 707:Long Beach, California 602: 570: 481: 457: 371: 355: 299: 281:cycling infrastructure 229: 217: 119: 102: 67:electric kick scooters 35: 23:. For other uses, see 3377:Personal transporters 927:; and less efficient 876: 704: 600: 568: 528:Road Safety Authority 479: 369: 335: 297: 223: 215: 118:motor-scooter in 1916 110: 100: 33: 3267:detroitgreenways.org 2920:tvnwarszawa.tvn24.pl 2585:www.newmobility.news 1015:adding missing items 976:Example of a Go-Ped. 793:improve this section 190:bike-sharing systems 150:Nimrod Ricardo Sapir 101:1919 Autoped Scooter 21:Scooter (motorcycle) 3115:. 23 December 2021. 3033:Hürriyet Daily News 2946:www.prawodrogowe.pl 2311:European Commission 1983:2022PLoSO..1766097I 1862:2022PLoSO..1766097I 1699:20.500.11850/522641 1680:2022TRPD..10203134R 838:honeycomb structure 403:European Commission 226:Tomaszów Mazowiecki 3220:2022-06-22 at the 2896:on 3 December 2020 2765:. 1 September 2019 2657:www.thetimes.co.uk 2337:www.doorgelicht.be 1577:on 30 January 2011 1541:The New York Times 1426:has generic name ( 1013:; you can help by 890:centrifugal clutch 882: 719: 603: 571: 482: 372: 356: 300: 230: 218: 120: 103: 36: 2685:. 20 January 2020 2509:www.leparisien.fr 2485:. 12 January 2019 2287:www.ris.bka.gv.at 2263:www.ris.bka.gv.at 1382:978-0-7513-0206-6 1346:978-0-7513-0206-6 1311:www2.deloitte.com 1031: 1030: 829: 828: 821: 640:electric bicycles 224:City scooters in 179:lithium batteries 40:motorized scooter 3389: 3356: 3355: 3353: 3352: 3333: 3327: 3326: 3324: 3323: 3312: 3306: 3305: 3303: 3302: 3288: 3282: 3281: 3279: 3278: 3259: 3253: 3252: 3250: 3249: 3240:. Archived from 3234: 3228: 3212: 3206: 3205: 3192: 3186: 3185: 3183: 3181: 3166: 3160: 3159: 3158:. 27 April 2022. 3148: 3142: 3141: 3139: 3138: 3123: 3117: 3116: 3105: 3099: 3097: 3086: 3080: 3079: 3077: 3076: 3053: 3044: 3043: 3041: 3040: 3025: 3019: 3018: 3016: 3014: 2999: 2993: 2992: 2990: 2989: 2977: 2971: 2964: 2958: 2957: 2955: 2953: 2938: 2932: 2931: 2929: 2927: 2912: 2906: 2905: 2903: 2901: 2892:. Archived from 2890:Statens Vegvesen 2882: 2876: 2875: 2873: 2871: 2857: 2851: 2850: 2848: 2846: 2839:Rijksoverheid.nl 2831: 2825: 2824: 2822: 2821: 2806: 2800: 2799: 2797: 2796: 2781: 2775: 2774: 2772: 2770: 2755: 2749: 2748: 2746: 2744: 2727: 2721: 2720: 2718: 2716: 2701: 2695: 2694: 2692: 2690: 2675: 2669: 2668: 2666: 2664: 2649: 2643: 2642: 2640: 2638: 2621: 2615: 2614: 2607: 2601: 2600: 2598: 2596: 2591:on 24 April 2019 2577: 2571: 2570: 2563: 2557: 2556: 2554: 2553: 2538: 2532: 2527: 2521: 2520: 2518: 2516: 2501: 2495: 2494: 2492: 2490: 2475: 2464: 2463: 2462:. 28 April 2016. 2456: 2447: 2446: 2444: 2442: 2431: 2425: 2424: 2417: 2404: 2403: 2401: 2400: 2386: 2380: 2379: 2377: 2376: 2361: 2355: 2354: 2348: 2340: 2329: 2323: 2322: 2320: 2318: 2313:. 5 October 2016 2303: 2297: 2296: 2294: 2293: 2279: 2273: 2272: 2270: 2269: 2255: 2249: 2248: 2242: 2234: 2232: 2231: 2222:. Archived from 2211: 2205: 2200: 2194: 2193: 2187: 2179: 2177: 2176: 2161: 2155: 2154: 2142: 2131: 2130: 2123: 2117: 2116: 2109: 2103: 2102: 2095: 2089: 2088: 2081: 2075: 2074: 2029: 2023: 2022: 2012: 1994: 1962: 1956: 1955: 1911: 1902: 1901: 1891: 1873: 1840: 1834: 1833: 1789: 1780: 1779: 1743: 1734: 1733: 1721: 1712: 1711: 1701: 1691: 1659: 1653: 1652: 1650: 1642: 1636: 1635: 1633: 1632: 1618: 1612: 1611: 1609: 1608: 1593: 1587: 1586: 1584: 1582: 1559: 1553: 1552: 1550: 1548: 1531: 1525: 1524: 1522: 1521: 1515:Business Insider 1506: 1500: 1499: 1497: 1496: 1482: 1476: 1475: 1473: 1472: 1457: 1451: 1450: 1449: 1445: 1438: 1432: 1431: 1425: 1421: 1419: 1411: 1409: 1408: 1393: 1387: 1386: 1370: 1360: 1351: 1350: 1334: 1324: 1315: 1314: 1303: 1239:Ungurii-Sug-Pula 1026: 1023: 1005: 1004: 998: 985: 973: 961: 949: 929:hydraulic brakes 832:Wheels and tires 824: 817: 813: 810: 804: 773: 765: 747:Washington, D.C. 462: 352: 346: 340: 159:batteries and a 3397: 3396: 3392: 3391: 3390: 3388: 3387: 3386: 3362: 3361: 3360: 3359: 3350: 3348: 3341:Mobility Seeker 3335: 3334: 3330: 3321: 3319: 3314: 3313: 3309: 3300: 3298: 3290: 3289: 3285: 3276: 3274: 3261: 3260: 3256: 3247: 3245: 3236: 3235: 3231: 3222:Wayback Machine 3213: 3209: 3203: 3193: 3189: 3179: 3177: 3168: 3167: 3163: 3150: 3149: 3145: 3136: 3134: 3125: 3124: 3120: 3107: 3106: 3102: 3096:. 17 July 2023. 3088: 3087: 3083: 3074: 3072: 3055: 3054: 3047: 3038: 3036: 3035:. 16 April 2021 3027: 3026: 3022: 3012: 3010: 3009:. 1 August 2019 3001: 3000: 2996: 2987: 2985: 2979: 2978: 2974: 2965: 2961: 2951: 2949: 2940: 2939: 2935: 2925: 2923: 2914: 2913: 2909: 2899: 2897: 2884: 2883: 2879: 2869: 2867: 2859: 2858: 2854: 2844: 2842: 2833: 2832: 2828: 2819: 2817: 2814:The Japan Times 2808: 2807: 2803: 2794: 2792: 2791:. February 2021 2783: 2782: 2778: 2768: 2766: 2757: 2756: 2752: 2742: 2740: 2736:The Irish Times 2729: 2728: 2724: 2714: 2712: 2711:. 19 April 2019 2703: 2702: 2698: 2688: 2686: 2677: 2676: 2672: 2662: 2660: 2659:. 23 April 2019 2651: 2650: 2646: 2636: 2634: 2623: 2622: 2618: 2609: 2608: 2604: 2594: 2592: 2579: 2578: 2574: 2569:. 24 July 2024. 2565: 2564: 2560: 2551: 2549: 2540: 2539: 2535: 2528: 2524: 2514: 2512: 2503: 2502: 2498: 2488: 2486: 2483:www.politico.eu 2477: 2476: 2467: 2458: 2457: 2450: 2440: 2438: 2437:. 12 April 2022 2433: 2432: 2428: 2419: 2418: 2407: 2398: 2396: 2388: 2387: 2383: 2374: 2372: 2363: 2362: 2358: 2341: 2331: 2330: 2326: 2316: 2314: 2305: 2304: 2300: 2291: 2289: 2281: 2280: 2276: 2267: 2265: 2257: 2256: 2252: 2235: 2229: 2227: 2213: 2212: 2208: 2201: 2197: 2180: 2174: 2172: 2163: 2162: 2158: 2144: 2143: 2134: 2125: 2124: 2120: 2111: 2110: 2106: 2097: 2096: 2092: 2083: 2082: 2078: 2031: 2030: 2026: 1977:(4): e0266097. 1964: 1963: 1959: 1913: 1912: 1905: 1842: 1841: 1837: 1791: 1790: 1783: 1745: 1744: 1737: 1723: 1722: 1715: 1661: 1660: 1656: 1648: 1644: 1643: 1639: 1630: 1628: 1620: 1619: 1615: 1606: 1604: 1595: 1594: 1590: 1580: 1578: 1561: 1560: 1556: 1546: 1544: 1533: 1532: 1528: 1519: 1517: 1508: 1507: 1503: 1494: 1492: 1484: 1483: 1479: 1470: 1468: 1459: 1458: 1454: 1447: 1440: 1439: 1435: 1422: 1412: 1406: 1404: 1395: 1394: 1390: 1383: 1362: 1361: 1354: 1347: 1326: 1325: 1318: 1305: 1304: 1300: 1295: 1273: 1268: 1251:Work's Electric 1062:Cecotec (Spain) 1027: 1021: 1018: 1002: 996: 989: 986: 977: 974: 965: 962: 953: 950: 941: 925:magnetic brakes 917: 905: 859: 834: 825: 814: 808: 805: 790: 774: 763: 724: 689:Emily Hartridge 685: 672: 664: 651:(16 mph). 648: 624: 595: 580: 563: 554: 545: 509: 498:driving license 474: 450:Élisabeth Borne 445: 437:motor insurance 429: 421: 412: 399: 391: 364: 358: 354: 350: 348: 344: 342: 338: 330: 324: 276: 269: 257: 252: 239:law enforcement 235: 210: 205: 199: 184:2018: Dockless 112:Florence Norman 95: 28: 17: 12: 11: 5: 3395: 3393: 3385: 3384: 3379: 3374: 3372:Motor scooters 3364: 3363: 3358: 3357: 3328: 3307: 3283: 3254: 3229: 3207: 3187: 3176:. 16 July 2019 3161: 3143: 3118: 3100: 3081: 3045: 3020: 2994: 2972: 2959: 2933: 2907: 2877: 2852: 2826: 2801: 2776: 2750: 2739:. 9 March 2019 2722: 2696: 2670: 2644: 2616: 2602: 2572: 2558: 2533: 2522: 2496: 2465: 2448: 2426: 2405: 2381: 2356: 2324: 2298: 2274: 2250: 2206: 2195: 2170:www.qld.gov.au 2156: 2132: 2118: 2104: 2090: 2076: 2024: 1957: 1922:(4): 424–428. 1903: 1835: 1800:(3): 318–323. 1781: 1735: 1713: 1654: 1637: 1613: 1588: 1567:T3 Motion, Inc 1554: 1526: 1501: 1477: 1452: 1442:WO2010140143A1 1433: 1388: 1381: 1352: 1345: 1316: 1297: 1296: 1294: 1291: 1290: 1289: 1284: 1279: 1272: 1269: 1267: 1266: 1263: 1260: 1255: 1252: 1249: 1246: 1243: 1240: 1237: 1234: 1231: 1226: 1223: 1218: 1215: 1212: 1209: 1204: 1199: 1194: 1191: 1186: 1183: 1180: 1175: 1172: 1169: 1166: 1161: 1158: 1155: 1152: 1149: 1146: 1143: 1138: 1135: 1132: 1129: 1126: 1123: 1118: 1115: 1112: 1109: 1104: 1101: 1098: 1095: 1092: 1091:Fluid Freeride 1089: 1086: 1081: 1078: 1075: 1072: 1069: 1066: 1063: 1060: 1057: 1052: 1047: 1044: 1039: 1036: 1032: 1029: 1028: 1022:September 2019 1008: 1006: 995: 992: 991: 990: 987: 980: 978: 975: 968: 966: 963: 956: 954: 951: 944: 940: 937: 916: 913: 904: 901: 868:"bump"-started 858: 855: 833: 830: 827: 826: 777: 775: 768: 762: 759: 723: 720: 691:was killed in 684: 681: 671: 670:United Kingdom 668: 663: 660: 647: 644: 623: 620: 594: 591: 579: 576: 562: 559: 553: 550: 544: 541: 520:Garda Síochána 508: 505: 496:. 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