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combine both a PIR sensor and a microwave sensor into one unit. For motion to be detected, both sensors must trip together. This lowers the probability of a false alarm since heat and light changes may trip the (passive infrared) PIR but not the microwave, or moving tree branches may trigger the microwave but not the PIR. If an intruder is able to fool either the PIR or microwave, however, the sensor will not detect it.
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contains only a sensor and only senses a signature from the moving object via emission or reflection. Changes in the optical, microwave or acoustic field in the device's proximity are interpreted by the electronics based on one of several technologies. Most low-cost motion detectors can detect motion
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Many modern motion detectors use combinations of different technologies. While combining multiple sensing technologies into one detector can help reduce false triggering, it does so at the expense of reduced detection probabilities and increased vulnerability. For example, many dual-tech sensors
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of around a centimeter is similar to the wavelengths used in microwave motion detectors. One potential drawback of ultrasonic sensors is that the sensor can be sensitive to motion in areas where coverage is undesired, for instance, due to reflections of sound waves around corners. Such extended
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Often, PIR technology is paired with another model to maximize accuracy and reduce energy use. PIR draws less energy than emissive microwave detection, and so many sensors are calibrated so that when the PIR sensor is tripped, it activates a microwave sensor. If the latter also picks up an
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These systems sense disturbances to radio waves as they pass from node to node of a mesh network. They have the ability to detect over large areas completely because they can sense through walls and other obstructions. RF tomographic motion detection systems may use dedicated hardware, other
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A passive infrared detector mounted on circuit board (right), along with photoresistive detector for visible light (left). This is the type most commonly encountered in household motion sensing devices and is designed to turn on a light only when motion is detected
336:. This solution is particularly attractive when the intent is to record video triggered by motion detection, as no hardware beyond the camera and computer is needed. Since the observed field may be normally illuminated, this may be considered another
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coverage may be desirable for lighting control, where the goal is the detection of any occupancy in an area, but for opening an automatic door, for example, a sensor selective to traffic in the path toward the door is superior.
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Motion detectors have found wide use in commercial applications. One common application is activating automatic door openers in businesses and public buildings. Motion sensors are also widely used in lieu of a true
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motion detection systems can cover much larger areas because the radio waves it senses are at frequencies which penetrate most walls and obstructions, and are detected in multiple locations.
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systems, energy is conserved by only powering the lights for the duration of a timer, after which the person has presumably left the area. A motion detector may be among the sensors of a
235:), in which the crossing of a person or vehicle interrupts a visible or infrared beam. These devices can detect objects, people, or animals by picking up one's infrared radiation.
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use a mechanical method of detecting motion, where each key is a switch that is either off or on, and each letter that appears is a result of the key's motion.
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wireless-capable devices or a combination of the two. Other wireless capable devices can act as nodes on the mesh after receiving a software update.
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at distances of about 4.6 metres (15 ft). Specialized systems are more expensive but have either increased sensitivity or much longer ranges.
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that is used to alert the home owner or security service when it detects the motion of a possible intruder. Such a detector may also trigger a
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radiation is emitted, and phase shifts in the reflected microwaves due to motion of an object toward (or away from) the receiver result in a
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are used to distinguish between apparent background motion caused by the camera's movement and that of independently moving objects.
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wavelengths, in contrast to background objects at room temperature. No energy is emitted from the sensor, thus the name
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298:(sound at a frequency higher than a human ear can hear) and receives reflections from nearby objects. Exactly as in
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electronic motion detector contains an optical, microwave, or acoustic sensor, as well as a transmitter. However, a
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able to shoot video, it is possible to use the output of such a camera to detect motion in its field of view using
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The most basic forms of mechanical motion detection utilize a switch or trigger. For example, the keys of a
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Ultrasonicand
Passive Infrared SensorIntegrationfor Dual TechnologyUser Detection Sensors
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Radar for Indoor
Monitoring: Detection, Classification, and Assessment
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Online Self-Supervised Multi-Instance
Segmentation of Dynamic Objects
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Electrical device which utilizes a sensor to detect nearby motion
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Bewley, A., Guizilini, V., Ramos, F., & Upcroft, B. (2014).
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of motion in an area. They form a vital component of security,
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are sensitive to a person's skin temperature through emitted
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methods. When it is done by natural organisms, it is called
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A motion detector attached to an outdoor, automatic light.
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540:"What Is an Ultrasonic Motion Detector? (with picture)"
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technology. However, it can also be used together with
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when the surrounding environment is sufficiently dark.
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Motion detection sample algorithm realization video
204:Several types of motion detection are in wide use:
54:of a system that automatically performs a task or
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586:"XANDEM – People sensing with wireless networks"
683:Motion Detection Algorithms In Image Processing
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193:Magnetism (magnetic sensors, magnetometers)
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50:). Such a device is often integrated as a
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561:"Technology comparison of Motion Sensors"
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286:Ultrasonic
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82:Overview
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