539:, Latin for "the mottled one"), by being somewhat lighter in color and less heavily marked; while both subspecies are intermediate between female mallards and American black ducks, the Florida mottled duck is closer to the former and the Gulf Coast mottled duck closer to the latter in appearance; this is mainly recognizable in the lighter head being quite clearly separated from the darker breast in Gulf Coast mottled ducks, but much less so in Florida mottled ducks. As the subspecies' ranges do not overlap, these birds can only be confused with female mallards and American black ducks however; particularly female American black ducks are often only reliably separable by their dark purple speculum from mottled ducks in the field.
1197:
428:
633:
161:
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645:
609:, could be sufficient to cause the Florida mottled duck to decline to a point where hunting would have to be restricted or prohibited. At present, these birds too appear to be holding their own, with a population of 50,000-70,000 individuals. While hybridization is common, double white bars above and below the speculum are not a sufficient indicator of hybridization and therefore should not be used to determine genetics.
317:
116:
25:
458:. Their breeding habitat is brackish and intermediate coastal marshes, but they will also use human developed habitat such as retaining ponds, water impoundments, and agricultural land during the breeding season. According to a review of their breeding behaviors, mottled duck nests may be found in "pastures, levees, dry cordgrass marsh, cutgrass marsh, spoil banks, and small islands."
138:
92:
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922:
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Seyoum, S; Tringali, MD; Bielefeld, RR; Feddersen, JC; Benedict Jr, RJ; Fanning, AT; Barthel, B; Curtis, C; Puchulutegui, C; Roberts, ACM; Villanova Jr, VL; Tucker, EC (2012). "Fifty-nine microsatellite markers for hybrid classification studies involving endemic
Florida Mottled Duck (Anas fulvigula
572:
with their close relatives, the
American black duck and the mallard. This has always been so to a limited extent; individuals of the migratory American black ducks which winter in the mottled duck's range may occasionally stay there and mate with the resident species, and for the mallard, which
362:
Along the Gulf of Mexico coast, the mottled duck is one of the most frequently banded waterfowl. This is due in part to the fact that it is mostly non-migratory. Approximately one out of every 20 mottled ducks is banded, making it an extremely prized and sought after bird among hunters.
548:
data indicates that these birds are derived from ancestral
American black ducks, being far more distantly related to the mallard, and that the two subspecies, as a consequence of their rather limited range and sedentary habits, are genetically well distinct already.
1171:
419:. Individuals of both subspecies were introduced into South Carolina in the 1970s and 1980s, where the birds of mixed ancestry have greatly expanded in range, extending through the Atlantic coastal plain of Georgia into northeastern Florida.
453:
Mottled ducks feed by dabbling in shallow water, and grazing on land. They mainly eat plants, but also some mollusks and aquatic insects. The ducks are fairly common within their restricted range; they are resident all-year round and do not
577:
later, the same holds true. Genetic tools have been developed in order to robustly classify hybrids and to assess and monitor the genetic dynamics of introgression between the
Florida mottled duck and the mallard.
435:
The adult mottled duck is 44 to 61 cm (17–24 in) long from head to tail. It has a dark body, lighter head and neck, orange legs and dark eyes. Both sexes have a shiny green-blue
443:. Males and females are similar, but the male's bill is bright yellow, whereas the female's is deep to pale orange, occasionally lined with black splotches around the edges and near the base.
1626:
1080:
446:
The plumage is darker than in female mallards, especially at the tail, and the bill is yellower. In flight, the lack of a white border to the speculum is a key difference. The
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and excessive hunting could eventually reduce this species to the point where the hybridization with mallards would threaten to make it disappear as a distinct
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1636:
1516:
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and is occasionally called the
Florida mottled duck or Florida mallard. It differs from the other subspecies, the Gulf Coast mottled duck (
1616:
450:
is darker than most mottled ducks, and its wing-patch is more purple than blue. The behaviour and voice are the same as the mallard.
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35:
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593:. This especially applies to the Florida mottled duck, in the fairly small range of which rampant
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897:
862:
155:
99:
A pair of mottled ducks (male on left, female on right) at
Everglades National Park, Florida, US
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1430:
1078:
Rhymer, Judith M.; Simberloff, Daniel (1996). "Extinction by hybridization and introgression".
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1337:
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983:"Molecular population genetics, phylogeography, and conservation biology of the mottled duck (
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and draining of wetlands has taken place in the last decades; this, in combination with
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395:(Mexico); outside the breeding season, individual birds may venture as far south as
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1202:
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212:
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1143:
Wildfowl : an identification guide to the ducks, geese and swans of the world
415:. The same disjunct distribution pattern was also historically found in the local
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1329:
38:
to the
Florida Duck (A. f. fulvigula) versus other populations (A. f. macularius)
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949:"Mottled Duck Identification, All About Birds, Cornell Lab of Ornithology"
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The
Floridian population, which occurs approximately south of
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439:(wing patch), which is not bordered with white as with the
723:
using mtDNA sequence data, which only documents a bird's
43:
1035:
fulvigula) and invasive
Mallards (A. platyrhynchos)".
343:. It is intermediate in appearance between the female
1081:
Annual Review of
Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics
1237:
831:Bonczek, Elizabeth S.; Ringelman, Kevin M. (2021).
715:Except in a scientific sense, as it requires large
780:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22680178A95209889.en
972:
970:
968:
1627:Native birds of the Southeastern United States
833:"Breeding Ecology of Mottled Ducks: A Review"
52:that contextualizes different points of view.
8:
355:, and is sometimes erroneously considered a
568:of ducks, they are able to produce fertile
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1195:
977:McCracken, Kevin G.; Johnson, William P.;
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136:
114:
90:
81:
856:
778:
375:of the mottled duck. One subspecies, the
68:Learn how and when to remove this message
880:Bielefeld; et al. (4 March 2020).
744:
673:
616:
407:), is resident in central and southern
564:As in all members of the "mallardine"
503:: 24.7–40.6 oz (700–1,150 g)
480:: 30.9–43.8 oz (880–1,240 g)
1602:NatureServe apparently secure species
509:: 31.5–327.2 in (80–831 cm)
7:
826:
824:
822:
719:to appropriately study these ducks'
1597:IUCN Red List least concern species
1141:Madge, Steve; Burn, Hilary (1987).
1107:Mazourek, J.C.; Gray, P.N. (1994).
766:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
585:is no cause for immediate concern,
497:: 18.5–21.0 in (47–53 cm)
486:: 32.7–34.3 in (83–87 cm)
474:: 19.7–22.5 in (50–57 cm)
299:
1109:"The Florida duck or the mallard?"
837:The Journal of Wildlife Management
14:
411:and occasionally strays north to
351:. It is closely related to those
1215:Audio recordings of Mottled duck
655:
643:
631:
619:
159:
23:
1178:BirdLife species factsheet for
1094:10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.27.1.83
1037:Conservation Genetics Resources
755:BirdLife International (2016).
888:. Cornell Lab of Ornithology.
1:
339:is a medium-sized species of
1637:Taxa named by Robert Ridgway
1174:at VIREO (Drexel University)
929:. Cornell Lab of Ornithology
1655:
1617:Birds of the United States
1172:Mottled duck photo gallery
1119:(3): 29–31. Archived from
802:"NatureServe Explorer 2.0"
556:The Florida mottled duck (
1203:Interactive range map of
1057:10.1007/s12686-012-9622-9
626:Male and female - Florida
314:
284:
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261:
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156:Scientific classification
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923:"Mottled Duck Range Map"
806:explorer.natureserve.org
773:: e.T22680178A95209889.
529:Anas fulvigula fulvigula
1632:Birds described in 1874
1006:10.1023/A:1011858312115
695:, "tan-throated", from
377:Gulf Coast mottled duck
371:There are two distinct
307:Gulf Coast mottled duck
561:
524:, is separated as the
432:
1543:Paleobiology Database
994:Conservation Genetics
979:Sheldon, Frederick H.
953:www.allaboutbirds.org
894:10.2173/bow.motduc.01
555:
430:
46:by rewriting it in a
581:While the resultant
543:mtDNA control region
401:Florida mottled duck
292:Florida mottled duck
1049:2012ConGR...4..681S
849:2021JWMan..85..825B
595:habitat destruction
587:habitat destruction
526:nominate subspecies
448:American black duck
349:American black duck
106:Conservation status
1210:IUCN Red List maps
886:Birds of the World
858:10.1002/jwmg.22048
562:
433:
142:Apparently Secure
1584:
1583:
1530:Open Tree of Life
1231:Taxon identifiers
399:. The other, the
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247:A. fulvigula
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32:This article may
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1187:"Anas fulvigula"
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1147:Christopher Helm
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1113:Florida Wildlife
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1016:. Archived from
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638:Female - Florida
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431:In Florida, U.S.
383:), lives on the
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1622:Birds of Mexico
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727:history on the
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558:A. f. fulvigula
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417:sandhill cranes
405:A. f. fulvigula
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359:of the former.
337:mottled mallard
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288:A. f. fulvigula
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44:help improve it
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16:Species of bird
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1574:Anas-fulvigula
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1294:Anas_fulvigula
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1269:Anas fulvigula
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1239:Anas fulvigula
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1205:Anas fulvigula
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1180:Anas fulvigula
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1166:External links
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1070:
1043:(3): 681–687.
1026:
1023:on 2006-09-07.
985:Anas fulvigula
964:
940:
914:
882:"Mottled Duck"
872:
843:(5): 825–837.
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759:Anas fulvigula
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662:Male - Florida
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605:affecting the
603:climate change
535:) (etymology:
533:A. f. maculosa
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385:Gulf of Mexico
381:A. f. maculosa
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332:Anas fulvigula
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297:A. f. maculosa
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1156:0-7470-2201-1
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1405:mottled-duck
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1125:. Retrieved
1121:the original
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1102:
1085:
1079:
1073:
1040:
1036:
1029:
1018:the original
997:
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984:
956:. Retrieved
952:
943:
933:26 September
931:. Retrieved
926:
917:
907:26 September
905:. Retrieved
885:
875:
840:
836:
809:. Retrieved
805:
796:
784:. Retrieved
770:
764:
758:
725:evolutionary
717:sample sizes
711:
703:
699:
692:
691:for a duck.
684:
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599:urbanization
580:
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462:Measurements
461:
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331:
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327:mottled duck
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213:Anseriformes
79:
64:
55:
47:
36:undue weight
33:
1491:Neotropical
1465:NatureServe
1413:iNaturalist
1263:Wikispecies
786:12 November
706:, "throat".
516:Systematics
423:Description
303:, 1889
280:Subspecies
146:NatureServe
58:August 2016
1591:Categories
1569:Xeno-canto
1219:Xeno-canto
1145:. London:
1127:2006-12-14
1088:: 83–109.
958:2020-09-26
739:References
607:Everglades
573:colonized
393:Tamaulipas
373:subspecies
367:Subspecies
357:subspecies
902:216430094
867:234850664
721:phylogeny
693:fulvigula
681:Etymology
668:Footnotes
583:gene flow
241:Species:
179:Kingdom:
173:Eukaryota
1470:2.100499
1457:22680178
1431:10195575
1369:45510560
1320:22680178
1315:BirdLife
1254:Q1002123
1248:Wikidata
1065:16072813
1014:17895466
981:(2001).
729:maternal
702:"tan" +
546:sequence
537:maculosa
507:Wingspan
491:Female:
484:Wingspan
437:speculum
397:Veracruz
347:and the
223:Anatidae
219:Family:
193:Chordata
189:Phylum:
183:Animalia
169:Domain:
126:IUCN 3.1
1395:2498080
1302:Avibase
1191:Avibase
1045:Bibcode
845:Bibcode
613:Gallery
597:due to
570:hybrids
456:migrate
441:mallard
413:Georgia
409:Florida
389:Alabama
353:species
345:mallard
301:Sennett
272:Ridgway
229:Genus:
209:Order:
199:Class:
144: (
124: (
42:Please
1561:422572
1548:368433
1522:422572
1496:motduc
1444:175070
1402:GNAB:
1382:ANAXFU
1356:motduc
1330:motduc
1282:motduc
1153:
1063:
1012:
900:
865:
811:27 May
501:Weight
495:Length
478:Weight
472:Length
468:Male:
274:, 1874
1612:Ducks
1556:WoRMS
1535:82422
1509:70490
1483:75846
1426:IRMNG
1351:eBird
1327:BOW:
1061:S2CID
1021:(PDF)
1010:S2CID
990:(PDF)
927:eBird
898:S2CID
863:S2CID
731:side.
700:fulva
697:Latin
591:taxon
566:clade
522:Tampa
335:) or
34:lend
1607:Anas
1517:OBIS
1478:NCBI
1452:IUCN
1439:ITIS
1418:6948
1390:GBIF
1377:EPPO
1343:DGNP
1151:ISBN
935:2020
909:2020
813:2022
788:2021
771:2016
704:gula
685:Anas
391:and
325:The
234:Anas
203:Aves
1364:EoL
1338:CoL
1289:ADW
1278:ABA
1217:on
1208:at
1090:doi
1053:doi
1002:doi
890:doi
853:doi
775:doi
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