243:
820:
an hour on the journey. The official opening of the $ 422 million tunnel was in May 1989. The crest at the west portal is 90 metres (295 ft) lower than the
Connaught crest. The 0.7% gradient westward eliminated the need for pusher locomotives. Nowadays, locomotives can climb the grade at 32 kilometres per hour (20 mph). Loaded coal trains travel at 14 to 21 kilometres per hour (9 to 13 mph) through the tunnel. To ensure frequency vibrations do not cause damage to the track structure, the speed limit for all traffic is 48 kilometres per hour (30 mph).
763:
746:, and Atlas Construction) began blasting from the east portal. By mid-October, sufficient room existed to install their 6.7-metre-diameter (22 ft), 18-metre-long (60 ft) tunnel-boring machine (TBM). In December 1985, the tunnel passed 110 metres (360 ft) below the Connaught one, almost directly beneath the mountain peak. On completion, Selkirk Construction had advanced 8.45 kilometres (5.25 mi) westward.
731:
771:
is 7.9 metres (25 ft 10 in), and the width is 5.2 metres (17 ft) on the straights, and 5.5 metres (18 ft) on the curves. In
September 1988, the final track concrete was poured. The paved concrete track (PaCT) rests on a 2.4-metre-wide (7 ft 10.5 in), 230-millimetre-thick (9 in) reinforced concrete slab. The height clearance can accommodate any future electrification.
792:(88 ft), and 16-metre-wide (52 ft) cavern. In a power failure, counterweights return all gates to the up position. Each gate has a central wooden panel designed to break if struck by a train. Although monitored at the Revelstoke control centre, the ventilation system is computer controlled, and adjusts to the type and size of train. Standing at the top of the shaft, near the
250:
787:
Because of the tunnel's length and lack of electrification, it uses a ventilation system consisting of a series of huge fans which clear the tunnel of diesel exhaust left behind by the locomotives. The tunnel also has large doors at the portals and the mid-point which can open and close whenever the
770:
Breaking through on
October 24, 1986, the approaching tunnels joined. Cementation Canada sank the 8.5-metre-diameter (28 ft), 350-metre-deep (1,150 ft) ventilation shaft. MK drilled and blasted the gate chamber below, and air tunnels to, this shaft. After concrete lining, the tunnel height
329:
alone could not meet the increasing traffic demands. The major growth opportunities were primarily in the bulk commodities of coal, sulphur, and potash. In 1980, the estimated construction cost of $ 300 million was almost 20% of CP's gross income for 1979. Furthermore, westbound grain transportation
819:
On
November 9, 1988, the first official train travelled the Macdonald Track westward. About 535 metres (1,755 ft) west of the west portal, R.S Allison, CP president, connected the last track clip. On December 12, 1988, the first revenue train, hauling coal, passed through the tunnel, and saved
778:
allowed some dumping about 4.5 kilometres (2.8 mi) from the portal, creating a bed for track twinning. The remainder was dumped outside the park boundary at various proposed double-tracking sites between Golden and
Revelstoke. The 500 cubic metres (660 cu yd) of rubble produced daily
758:
trench. This structure carries both the highway and protects the portal from avalanches. In 1985, the words "Mount
Macdonald Tunnel 1988" were stamped into the concrete cladding above the portal. The eastern work camp was near the Mount Shaughnessy Tunnel, and the western one at Flat Creek. A third
828:
CP repairs 15 to 61 metres (50 to 200 ft) of PaCT each year. Drain holes cored down to a longitudinal collector drain under the tunnel reduce failures from excessive surface water. Slab cracking, owing to insufficient lateral and longitudinal reinforcing in the PaCT slab, can be repaired with
899:(1929) 12.6 km (7.8 mi) as the longest railway tunnel in the North America. The project was the largest CP expansion of capacity since the building of the transcontinental in the early 1880s. In 2016, the tunnel was inducted into the North America Railway Hall of Fame. Tunnel 4 of the
341:
was another encumbrance. During the pusher station's existence, six engineers, six maintenance workers, and nine locomotives were based at Rogers. Five-unit engines were used on heavy trains carrying grain, coal, and potash. Four-unit engines were used on other freights. A significant grade
791:
The purpose of the ventilation system is to prevent locomotives overheating and remove air pollutants. The opening and closing of the gates at the portals and mid-point assists the extraction process. The mid-tunnel gate structure stands inside a 25-metre-long (82 ft), 27-metre-high
832:
The hardware for power, communications, and signalling is obsolete. The slow ventilation systems can take 45 minutes to purge the air after each train. In 2019, consultants were advising on possible improvements, but it will probably take 5 to 10 years to modernize the tunnel.
1084:
The new surface route begins on the East at Rogers siding where, at present…."pusher locomotives"….added to westbound trains to push them up the steep 2.2 per cent grade to Stoney Creek. It then parallels the existing track at a lower elevation, along the valley
648:. A 2,700-metre (8,800 ft) siding; named after Mike Wakely, a former chief construction engineer, who oversaw the years of preparatory work, but retired before the work was properly underway, and died soon after, never to see the completed project.
829:
epoxy resin in minor cases. Injecting the resin restores structural integrity. Slab removal and replacement is needed in serious cases. From 1993 to 2020, a total of 115 metres (378 ft) of PaCT were replaced in the two tunnels.
810:
minutes to slowly descend an open elevator shaft to tunnel level. A straight tunnel would have made the shaft location clearly visible from the summit monument. To hide the complex, a slight kink was made in the tunnel alignment.
704:. Length 48 metres (156 ft); single span; comprises a pair of 70-ton deck plate girders, offloaded near the east portal of the Connaught Tunnel, and hauled up to the highway and down to the site; Cana Construction built.
1261:
CP Rail has opened a hydroelectric substation and 83 kilometres of transmission lines to….the….Rogers Pass work project….BC Hydro's
Revelstoke Dam will eventually be used to operate ventilation systems and lighting in three
738:
CP built a substation in
Revelstoke and from it constructed a 35 kV operating distribution line along the railway right-of-way; originally built using both 69 kV insulators and construction standards.
753:
method, 30 men, rostered in 3 shifts, completed 5.8 kilometres (3.6 mi) eastward. Meanwhile, the highway was temporarily relocated to construct a 270-metre-long (880 ft) reinforced concrete box in a
779:
at the eastern end was dumped into a large depression to create the grade. Minus the 48-metre (156 ft) bridge, this fill covered the 1,337-metre (4,386 ft) distance to the Mount
Shaughnessy Tunnel.
1473:
678:, and unloaded at the south end of the new Stoney Creek bridge; supported on 44 custom-designed piers and two abutments; pier heights range from 4.6 metres (15 ft) to 21 metres (70 ft);
1544:
334:, which did not cover the variable cost of grain movement, was addressed. In response, the federal government gradually increased this rate from 1983, before abandoning rate regulation in 1993.
796:
highway summit, the ventilation building houses four fans, a standby 2.8-megawatt (3,800 hp) diesel generator, and two elevators. Used by maintenance staff, each open cage takes
666:. Length: 1,229 metres (4,032 ft); Pitts Engineering Construction began work in 1985; 45 Ă— 27.18-metre (89 ft 2 in) steel spans, each weighing 82 tonnes; brought from
639:. Length: 96-metre (315 ft); 2 Ă— 250-ton spans. Height: about 44 metres (145 ft) below Mountain Creek bridge on Connaught Track. Cana Construction completed in fall 1985.
389:
Mike Wakely, Regional
Engineer, Special Projects, suggested the selected option, which provided a 1.0% grade from Rogers, and a west portal 4.8 kilometres (3.0 mi) west of
1021:….CP Rail has been doing preparatory work for the tunnel since 1975. The engineering and assessment work is complete. All that remains is a new Crow Rate to begin construction.
265:
242:
682:
not adopted because it would undermine Connaught Track above, and encroach on highway below; spans installed from early 1987 to that July; walkway on north side; named after
1650:
1012:
1635:
1346:
1552:
1075:
1630:
401:
The 34.8-kilometre (21.6 mi) route of surface track and tunnels, within a 30-metre (100 ft) wide right-of-way, uses continuous welded rail.
364:
below the existing track from Rogers with 1.0% grade to Stoney Creek, followed by two 1.6-kilometre-long (1 mi) spiral tunnels up to the portal.
749:
On October 5, 1984, the Manning-Kumagai (MK) joint venture (comprising Manning Construction and Kumagai Gumi) began from the west portal. Using the
1645:
354:, three schemes required a 1.8-metre (6 ft) lowering of the Connaught Tunnel floor, complemented by a new approach to serve the east portal:
1102:
61:
774:
A fleet of 50 dump cars were built exclusively for the project. About 5,000 tons of material were removed daily from the western side.
1640:
630:. Connaught Track had to be moved 9.1 metres (30 ft) into the mountainside along this section to accommodate the new lower track.
657:. Length: 210 metres (700 ft); seven spans. Height: about 150 metres (500 ft) below Stoney Creek bridge on Connaught Track.
1598:
1579:
1252:
1609:
793:
385:
a 12.4-kilometre (7.7 mi) tunnel from about 250 metres (820 ft) west of Loop Creek to about the chosen east portal.
109:
44:
1439:
743:
298:
286:
53:
33:
330:
had been an ongoing liability for the railways. Consequently, CP was unwilling to proceed with a new tunnel unless the
683:
361:
higher than the existing track, requiring higher bridges over the five major streams, before levelling to the portal.
1415:
915:
2005: While clearing ice in the tunnel, an employee died when struck by a falling 225-kilogram (496 lb) chunk.
1160:
390:
1530:
1111:
Cana Construction….begun….construction of three railway bridges….Cupola Creek….Mountain Creek….Connaught Creek.
587:
379:
314:
290:
612:. Connaught Track and Macdonald Track diverge; named for former Pacific Region V.P.; previously called Rogers.
877:
1474:"Inspection, Maintenance, and Repair of PaCT Canadian Pacific Rogers Pass Tunnels British Columbia, Canada"
393:
station. The budget, including approaches, was $ 600 million. In 1975, preparatory work began in earnest.
170:
750:
1494:
919:
863:
351:
294:
175:
621:. Length: 40-metre (130 ft); two span; double track; Cana Construction completed in July 1984.
967:
858:
1594:
1575:
870:
848:
306:
145:
105:
762:
326:
310:
282:
270:
882:
302:
218:
368:
However, lowering the floor would be extremely difficult while maintaining traffic flow.
896:
853:
730:
671:
210:
132:
1624:
843:
755:
378:
a 15.8-kilometre (9.8 mi) tunnel from about the chosen west portal to about the
742:
On August 27, 1984, the Selkirk Construction joint venture (comprising S.A. Healey,
900:
775:
679:
338:
182:
1610:"The C.P.R.'s capacity and investment strategy in Rogers Pass, B.C., 1882–1916"
1512:
76:
63:
918:
2019: An avalanche descending upon a stopped train at Wakely derailed seven
331:
1572:
Canadian Pacific in the Selkirks: 100 Years in Rogers Pass, second edition
675:
923:
667:
907:
is of similar length, and which is the longer of the two is disputed.
761:
729:
371:
Three schemes offered a straight new tunnel at a lower elevation:
904:
375:
approximating the 14.6-kilometre (9.1 mi) tunnel as built.
358:
south side of the Beaver Valley with a loop up to the portal.
297:
14.66-kilometre (9.11 mi) tunnel, which carries the
1181:
1179:
1177:
313:
handles mostly eastbound. The tunnel was opened by the
1374:
1372:
1317:
1315:
1313:
1276:
1274:
1272:
1270:
1235:
1233:
1220:
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1054:
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759:
camp for summer surface workers existed near Rogers.
227:
217:
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165:
157:
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138:
128:
120:
115:
101:
93:
52:
39:
29:
24:
856:(1906) (Switzerland) 19.80 km (12.30 mi)
342:improvement would eliminate the need for pushers.
885:(1882) (Switzerland) 15.00 km (9.32 mi)
873:(1982) (Switzerland) 15.44 km (9.59 mi)
868:RokkĹŤ Tunnel (1972) 16.25 km (10.10 mi)
309:, handles most westbound traffic, whereas the
1591:Canadian Pacific in the Selkirks (Volume Two)
8:
887:Nakayama (1982) 14.86 km (9.23 mi)
866:(1934) (Italy) 18.51 km (11.50 mi)
861:(1975) (Japan) 18.71 km (11.63 mi)
851:(1982) (Japan) 22.20 km (13.79 mi)
846:(1988) (Japan) 53.85 km (33.46 mi)
249:
19:
880:(1987) (Italy) 15.04 km (9.35 mi)
841:Twelfth longest railway tunnel when opened:
875:Haruna (1982) 15.35 km (9.54 mi)
18:
16:Railway tunnel in British Columbia, Canada
1434:
1432:
695:. Length 1.83 kilometres (1.14 mi).
403:
1651:1988 establishments in British Columbia
1467:
1465:
1155:
1153:
1151:
1097:
1095:
1093:
999:
954:
942:
935:
325:By the 1970s, it was evident that the
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1402:
1390:
1378:
1363:
1333:
1321:
1304:
1292:
1280:
1239:
1224:
1209:
1197:
1185:
1142:
1125:
1062:
1045:
987:
7:
1472:Bilow, David N.; Paradise, Scott J.
968:"Prince George Citizen, 12 Jun 1980"
895:However, it took the title from the
892:(1988) 14.66 km (9.11 mi)
1636:Railway tunnels in British Columbia
321:Shortcomings of the Connaught Track
231:5.2 metres (17 ft) (straights)
223:7.9 metres (25 ft 10 in)
14:
1631:Canadian Pacific Railway tunnels
1013:"Red Deer Advocate, 24 Nov 1982"
788:tunnel needs to be cleared out.
734:West portal (construction phase)
569:Mt. Macdonald Tunnel (W. portal)
517:Mt. Macdonald Tunnel (E. portal)
350:To enable the reintroduction of
248:
241:
233:5.5 metres (18 ft) (curves)
1531:"Edmonton Journal, 24 Oct 2008"
766:Work train (construction phase)
1646:Glacier National Park (Canada)
717:
708:
699:
690:
661:
652:
643:
634:
625:
616:
607:
166:
1:
1347:"Calgary Herald, 23 Jun 1985"
1545:"BC Local News, 26 Dec 2019"
1103:"Calgary Herald, 7 Jun 1984"
744:Foundation Company of Canada
299:Canadian Pacific Kansas City
1593:. BRMNA, Calgary, Alberta.
1574:. BRMNA, Calgary, Alberta.
1423:www.bytownrailwaysociety.ca
1076:"Vancouver Sun, 4 Aug 1984"
674:, because too wide for the
1667:
1495:"Railway Age, 17 Jan 2019"
1440:"Deseret News, 5 May 1989"
1416:"Branchline, January 1989"
406:
161:9.11 miles (14.66 km)
1641:Tunnels completed in 1988
1608:Backler, Gary G. (1981).
459:
449:
142:Primarily freight service
1589:Steed, Roger G. (1993).
1533:– via PressReader.
972:www.pgnewspapers.pgpl.ca
588:Mount Shaughnessy Tunnel
380:Mount Shaughnessy Tunnel
315:Canadian Pacific Railway
144:Some passenger service (
1614:www.open.library.ubc.ca
1253:"Province, 12 Dec 1984"
1168:www.mapleleaftracks.com
878:Monte Santomarco Tunnel
579:Raspberry Creek culvert
407:Macdonald Tunnel route
301:(CPKC) main line under
1513:"Mt. Macdonald Tunnel"
890:Mount Macdonald Tunnel
767:
735:
483:Surprise Creek culvert
465:Connaught Creek bridge
279:Mount Macdonald Tunnel
20:Mount Macdonald Tunnel
903:–El Sargento line in
765:
751:drilling and blasting
733:
527:Mountain Creek bridge
864:Apennine Base Tunnel
266:class=notpageimage|
257:Mt. Macdonald Tunnel
1570:Booth, Jan (1991).
1549:www.bclocalnews.com
722:. A railway point.
553:Cedar Creek culvert
535:Stoney Creek bridge
501:Alder Creek culvert
475:Cupola Creek bridge
281:is in southeastern
77:51.293°N 117.4994°W
73: /
21:
1517:www.casostation.ca
1499:www.railwayage.com
1351:www.newspapers.com
1257:www.newspapers.com
1107:www.newspapers.com
1080:www.newspapers.com
1017:www.newspapers.com
859:Shin Kanmon Tunnel
783:Tunnel ventilation
768:
736:
713:. A railway point.
339:pusher locomotives
1405:, pp. 16–17.
1200:, pp. 23–24.
1170:. pp. 13–14.
871:Furka Base Tunnel
849:Daishimizu Tunnel
603:
602:
307:Selkirk Mountains
258:
237:
236:
146:Rocky Mountaineer
106:Selkirk Mountains
82:51.293; -117.4994
1658:
1617:
1604:
1585:
1557:
1556:
1551:. Archived from
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1161:"2003 timetable"
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1123:
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809:
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804:
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721:
712:
703:
694:
665:
656:
647:
638:
629:
620:
611:
561:John Fox viaduct
404:
327:Connaught Tunnel
311:Connaught Tunnel
283:British Columbia
271:British Columbia
256:
252:
251:
245:
219:Tunnel clearance
213:
207:
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200:
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89:
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1444:www.deseret.com
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979:
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953:
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941:
937:
932:
913:
888:
886:
883:Gotthard Tunnel
881:
876:
874:
869:
867:
862:
857:
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842:
839:
826:
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605:
399:
397:Macdonald Track
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303:Mount Macdonald
275:
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268:
262:
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209:
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188:4 ft
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1555:on 2020-11-08.
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1259:. p. 24.
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1214:
1202:
1190:
1188:, p. 25C.
1173:
1147:
1130:
1115:
1109:. p. 34.
1089:
1082:. p. 47.
1067:
1065:, p. 25B.
1050:
1025:
1019:. p. 41.
1004:
1002:, p. 304.
992:
977:
959:
957:, p. 405.
947:
945:, p. 403.
934:
933:
931:
928:
912:
909:
897:Cascade Tunnel
854:Simplon Tunnel
844:Seikan Tunnel
838:
835:
825:
822:
816:
813:
784:
781:
727:
724:
676:Spiral Tunnels
672:Crowsnest Pass
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317:(CP) in 1988.
293:segment. This
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211:standard gauge
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1600:0-919487-44-0
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1581:0-919487-15-7
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1380:
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1352:
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381:
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352:double tracks
345:
343:
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337:The need for
335:
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296:
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206:1,435 mm
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938:
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776:Parks Canada
773:
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726:Construction
716:
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680:cut and fill
660:
651:
642:
633:
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615:
606:
604:
455:Gully bridge
400:
388:
370:
367:
349:
336:
324:
295:single-track
278:
276:
269:Location in
824:Maintenance
794:Rogers Pass
183:Track gauge
110:Rogers Pass
80: /
68:117°29′58″W
54:Coordinates
45:Rogers Pass
1625:Categories
1564:References
1457:Steed 1993
1403:Steed 1993
1391:Steed 1993
1379:Steed 1993
1364:Booth 1991
1334:Steed 1993
1322:Booth 1991
1305:Steed 1993
1293:Booth 1991
1281:Steed 1993
1240:Steed 1993
1225:Steed 1993
1210:Steed 1993
1198:Steed 1993
1186:Booth 1991
1143:Booth 1991
1126:Steed 1993
1063:Booth 1991
1046:Steed 1993
988:Booth 1991
922:-carrying
837:Notability
491:Bear Creek
287:Revelstoke
65:51°17′35″N
930:Footnotes
920:container
911:Accidents
815:Operation
597:Ross Peak
543:Macdonald
346:Proposals
332:Crow Rate
285:, on the
153:Technical
139:Character
116:Operation
1262:tunnels.
924:flatcars
684:John Fox
670:via the
435:Location
425:Location
415:Location
202: in
108:, below
40:Location
25:Overview
901:Cuajone
805:⁄
668:Calgary
391:Glacier
305:in the
197:⁄
133:Railway
129:Traffic
102:Crosses
1597:
1578:
1085:wall….
509:Wakely
445:Fraine
291:Donald
176:Single
171:tracks
158:Length
121:Opened
97:Active
94:Status
1477:(PDF)
1419:(PDF)
1164:(PDF)
228:Width
1595:ISBN
1576:ISBN
905:Peru
594:89.9
584:78.0
576:74.2
566:88.5
558:77.1
550:73.7
540:84.9
532:76.5
524:71.3
514:79.4
506:75.0
498:69.4
488:79.3
480:75.0
472:68.6
462:78.6
452:74.5
442:68.3
432:Mile
422:Mile
412:Mile
277:The
124:1988
34:CPKC
30:Line
169:of
167:No.
1627::
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718:^k
709:^j
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691:^h
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635:^d
626:^c
617:^b
608:^a
208:)
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1446:.
807:2
803:1
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686:.
289:–
204:(
199:2
195:1
192:+
190:8
148:)
47:.
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