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Company was established in 1884 most dairy farmers became members through for a brief period in the late 1880s milk was shipped across the harbour from
Portobello for processing at Sawyers Bay at by Roseville Dairy Company. Between 1891 and 1896 farmers also had the option of supplying the New Zealand Dairy Supply Company which also operated in the area. The Taieri and Peninsula Milk Supply Company opened a creamery at Sandymount in 1893 and by 1897 there were additional ones at Granton, Papanui Inlet and Otakou. Another opened at Highcliff in 1903. The resulting product was shipped to Dunedin, where it was made into butter. By this time the peninsula was also supplying the majority of Dunedin's potatoes with approximately 70 farmers around Highcliff and Sandymount engaged in their production. In addition there were a number of Chinese dominated market gardens at Andersons Bay and a smaller number at Portobello (from 1881 onwards) growing a wide range of produce. The first telephone was installed in Andersons Bay in 1885.
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the 1890s the
Portobello Road became popular with cyclists who lobbied the Road Board to reduce the toll. Cyclists were being charged 5 shillings for the round trip, which had been reduced by 1896 to sixpence on Sundays and reduced further to 1903 to sixpence return and then to threepence in 1904. In 1908 the toll was removed. In 1907 the first automobile was sighted on the road but a bylaw was introduced to ban them until a local referendum was held in 1913 overturned it. These actions improved accessibility and reduced the cost of accessing the peninsula, which impacted on the ferries.
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374:, Dunedin. The site's lowest levels are estimated to have been occupied some time between 1150 and 1300 AD. Another peninsula site, at Papanui Inlet, is thought to have been occupied in the same period, as was the extensive one at Harwood Township. Little Papanui and Harwood are considered to have been permanent settlements, not temporary camps. A single radiocarbon date for Harwood suggests it was also occupied in 1450. Three magnificent
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peninsula as farmers received higher prices for many of the goods that they supplied the city. By 1864 the population of the peninsula had grown to 1,269 and to 2,425 by 1881. The Maori population living on the peninsula however had decreased from a minimum of 500 to 600 in the early 1830s and to 22 in 1891. As a result of increased settlement native bush was cleared over most of the terrain in a massive transformation of the landscape.
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577:, a visiting French navigator, described the Peninsula's European and Māori communities as both trafficking in alcohol and sex. The Treaty of Waitangi was signed on the Peninsula in June, although the South Island had already been annexed by 'right of discovery'. The first Christian service was preached on the Peninsula later that year at Otago by Bishop Pompallier.
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bush, swamp or sand. From the times of the earliest
European settlements with the harbour surrounded by bush covered hills and no roads existing other than simple bridal tracks using the waters of the harbour offered the most efficient means of transporting passengers and goods between settlements. As settlements developed jetties were constructed at
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Tahu negotiators convinced
Turkett that while they would give up some of the peninsula they would not sell the northern portion, as this was where their villages and urupā were. Some chiefs with strong Mamoe connections wanted to retain all of the Peninsula from Puketai onwards (as Anderson's Bay was then called). When
1226:. Google Maps does not recognise this as a walking route, but directs pedestrians from the city over to Ocean Grove, and then up Centre Road to Highcliff Road, which runs along the top of the Peninsula. In fact all roads on the Peninsula that are accessible to motorists are also accessible to cyclists and pedestrians.
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with Kati Mamoe at
Papanui Inlet and made a famous escape back into Pukekura by a cliff still known as Tarewai's Leap. There had been an argument about Kati Mamoe fishing rights on Papanui Inlet. A particularly fine talismanic whale bone fishook of the 18th century was found there and is now in the Otago Museum.
893:. There were 378 households, comprising 441 males and 411 females, giving a sex ratio of 1.07 males per female. The median age was 52.9 years (compared with 37.4 years nationally), with 126 people (14.8%) aged under 15 years, 87 (10.2%) aged 15 to 29, 444 (52.1%) aged 30 to 64, and 198 (23.2%) aged 65 or older.
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there to
Highcliff and Portobello was by bridle track which was not suitable for wheeled transport, which lead to most settlements being restricted to Andersons Bay, Tomahawk, Portobello and smaller settlements along the coast where they could be serviced by ferries. Ferry services first began in 1859.
150:. Most of the Otago Peninsula is freehold farming land, with increasing numbers of small holdings or lifestyle blocks. Some biodiversity sites such as Taiaroa Head are managed as sanctuaries for wildlife. Many species of seabirds and waders in particular may be found around the tidal inlets, including
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to breed or calve. They were the primary target species for shore-whaling, itself the primary reason for Port Otago. Whales were hunted almost to extinction, and now are seen rarely. Occasionally they are seen in the harbour, but an increase of shipping lanes and accompanying underwater noises may be
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was reluctant to allow the Kai Tahu to retain military strategic land so close to the proposed site of the new settlement, nor allow them to control land on which there were already
European settlers, in case they developed a settlement that would compete with that of the Otago Association's. The Kai
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By 1900 of the peninsula's 24,016 acres (9,718 ha) only approximately 4,000 acres (of which 3,000 was still in bush) had not been occupied by farming activities or urban construction. By that same year
Andersons Bay was becoming a popular place to live, especially with businessman and professionals,
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Of those at least 15 years old, 192 (26.4%) people had a bachelor's or higher degree, and 105 (14.5%) people had no formal qualifications. The median income was $ 25,800, compared with $ 31,800 nationally. 99 people (13.6%) earned over $ 70,000 compared to 17.2% nationally. The employment status of
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Land clearance continued at pace and by 1915 only 938 acres (379 ha) of bush remained. In 1888 a universally unpopular toll on the low road to
Portobello was introduced by the Portobello Road Board to offset its maintenance and development costs. the toll gate was located near Macandrew Bay. During
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Despite the erosion-prone clay soils and steep slopes by 1900 90% of the approximately 200 farmers on the peninsula were engaged in dairying. This led to New
Zealand's first dairy co-operative, being established at Springfield on the Highcliff Road in 1871. Once the Taieri and Peninsula Milk Supply
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As Dunedin developed the Peninsula's southern end became a city recreation ground and then a suburb. As increasing numbers of immigrants began arriving settlements were formed on the harbourside and on the Highcliff Road on the spine of the land mass, but in the early phase of European settlement,
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Many traditions survive from this period concerning figures such as Waitai and Moki II who at different times both lived at Pukekura pa. One of the best known concerns Tarewai, who is difficult to place chronologically, but was of Kai Tahu descent. He gained possession of Pukekura, was in conflict
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A map of recorded Māori archaeological sites for the Otago Conservancy shows many more on the Otago Peninsula than elsewhere in the region. Another showing only those of the Archaic period shows sites clustered on the peninsula and along the coast across the harbour to the west and north. This was
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In 2008 the Dunedin City Council purchased 328 hectares of land surrounding Harbour Cone, a distinctive geological feature on the Otago Peninsula that features early-settler archaeological sites and remnants of bush from pre-colonial times. There are a number of walks to enjoy in this spectacular
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By 1878 the bay road had reached Portobello which allowed a mail coach and later horse-drawn buses to operate along it while many residents made their way independently by their own private horses and carts. The resulting drop in patronage lead to many ferry services being withdrawn. The improved
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eventually led to that area eclipsing the Peninsula's dairying and mixed farms gave way to extensive grazing. The rural population, especially on the Pacific coast, dwindled, leaving abandoned steadings and roads decaying slowly behind macrocarpa and hawthorn plantings. The re-made, Europeanised
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to being customers to the venue until following the end of the gold rush the venture became uneconomic and eventually closed. Roads boards were responsible for the construction of new roads and their maintenance. A road to Andersons Bay and Tomahawk was completed by the winter of 1860, and from
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By the end of the 1860s most farms were less than 100 acres (40 ha) in size, with a total of 6,000 acres (2,428 ha) fenced off and growing either crops or livestock. By 1880 about a third of the land area of the peninsula was being farmed (moistly in the form of dairying), with the rest still in
570:, Joseph, George and Edward, established their whaling station at Wellers' Rock. Throughout the '30s, their Otago establishment grew to be the largest in the country and the harbour became an international whaling port. In 1841 Octavius Harwood and C.W. Schultze took over the Wellers' operation.
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A lighthouse was built at Taiaroa Head in 1864 and work began using prison labour, to build the winding harbourside road, with its distinctive seawalls of the local stone. Across the cleared land settlers built dry stone walls, following the pattern of 'Galloway Dykes', another conspicuous and
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in 1861 resulted int a massive inrush of people and capital into Otago. Over the next decade millions of pounds worth of gold flowed from the diggings, the majority passing through Dunedin. The rapid growth of Dunedin into the most prosperous city in New Zealand stimulated development on the
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of the New Zealand Company arrived on site on 16 July he was reluctant to accept this. Eventually, to purchase any of the land Wakefield had to accept the Kai Tahu position. The deed of sale was signed on 31 July 1844 with Kai Tahu retaining 6,665 acres (2,697 ha) of the northern part of the
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The Otago Peninsula is one of the few places in New Zealand where there is everywhere visible evidence of the long human occupation of the land. In a magnificent but compact setting the challenge is to maintain its balance of human and natural in the face of growing residential and tourist
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river mouth. The clusters contain a few larger sites. On the Otago Peninsula that at Little Papanui is of middle size while Harwood Township has one of the largest. These and numerous other smaller sites are clearly visible, though often not recognised by visitors for what they are.
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The suburbs of Dunedin encroach onto the western end of the peninsula, and seven townships and communities lie along the harbourside shore. The majority of the land is sparsely populated and occupied by steep open pasture. The peninsula is home to many species of wildlife, notably
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can be found further offshore around the rich, deep sea canyon about 20 km off the peninsula coast, and rarely strand. This sea canyon is the only known area in the world with multiple sightings of Shepherd's beaked whales, and its cetacean diversity may be as significant as
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appear less frequently. The outer peninsula just off Taiaroa Head is one of three main congregating areas for dusky dolphins in New Zealand while the harbour water and the peninsula provides breeding areas and nurseries, and Hector's dolphins frequent the vicinity of the harbour.
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In 1904 a marine fish hatchery was established at Aquarium Point, Portobello. Another sign of changing attitudes to wild life was the self-establishment of the royal albatross colony at Taiaroa Head in the 1920s which was now carefully nurtured for its scientific interest.
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New Zealand was first settled by humans around 1300 AD, and in the South Island, people concentrated on the east coast. In the Archaic (moa-hunting) period, the Otago Peninsula was a relatively densely occupied area at the centre of the country's most populous region.
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close by, features a rock formation known locally as "The Pyramids" for its resemblance to the ancient Egyptian monuments. Sandfly Bay, named not for the insect but for the sand blown up by the wind, is reached via a path through some of New Zealand's tallest
695:. In 1862 a jetty was constructed at Andersons Bay to service Vauxhall Gardens, a large entertainment venue with gardens, baths, hotel, sports grounds, swings and roundabouts and a band rotunda. The jetty was used by a number of ferries including the
250:, looking southeast across Otago Harbour. On the extreme left are the harbour mouth, Aramoana and Taiaroa Head. Near the centre is Harbour Cone, and below it Broad Bay. Portobello and Macandrew Bay are to the left and right respectively.
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Otago Peninsula's coasts are prominent habitats for marine mammals. Seal and sea lion colonies have regenerated during the 20th century after massive exploitation in the 19th century, which almost wiped out both them and whales. Many
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may perhaps also have been used like this. Nevertheless, some middens, such as those on the peninsula, have been identified traditionally with Te Rapuwai. Anderson's later, or tribal Waitaha, arrived in the south in the 15th century.
562:, ships of the first New Zealand Company. They also brought the first recorded European women to NZ, and produced Thomas Shepherd's pictures of the Peninsula. Shepherd's paintings are the oldest known, and are held in the Sydney's
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A railway was completed to Andersons Bay in 1878 but it never proceeded any further. A causeway was completed across Andersons Bay to Vauxhall Corner in 1872. It featured a bridge which could be opened to allow passage for boats.
64:. The peninsula lies south-east of Otago Harbour and runs parallel to the mainland for 20 km, with a maximum width of 9 km. It is joined to the mainland at the south-west end by a narrow isthmus about 1.5 km wide.
772:, New Zealand's most celebrated painter, first worked out his 'vision' of the New Zealand landscape with studies of the peninsula, the most developed being that of 1946–49 now owned by the city and on display in the central
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contributing to their absence. Future studies might be conducted to examine solutions to bring them back into the harbor. Sometimes they can be seen just off the coast in their winter-migration season, along with
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adzes, said by H.D. Skinner to be the finest of their type, were found nearby and are dated to the same time. They represent a form already archaic when they were made. They are currently in the Otago Museum.
619:, secular leader of the Otago settlement, successfully petitioned the government to re-instate 'Otago' as its original name. The old whaling village and adjacent Māori settlements had now become 'Otakou'.
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Following the abolishing of the provincial council in 1876, governance of the peninsula became the responsibility of the Peninsula County Council, whose administrative centre was in Portobello.
429:, was built about 1650. Nearby villages on Te Rauone Beach perhaps date from the same time. Pukekura's terraces are still visible, with some of them co-opted into later European defence works.
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landscape now took on an air of mellow decay, and started to look 'natural', unusual in a recently colonised country like New Zealand. This attracted the attention of visitors and artists.
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after the Secretary of the Admiralty. His chart showed a bay at Hooper's Inlet, which may have been explored and named by Charles Hooper (chief officer on Daniel Cooper's English sealer,
406:, and new peoples arrived on the Otago Peninsula. People here at this time practised what has been called a foraging economy. Increasing reliance was placed on harvesting the root of the
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Kinaston, L. Rebecca; Walter, K. Richard; Jacomb, Chris; Brooks, Emma; Tayles, Nancy (2013), "The First New Zealanders: Patterns of Diet and Mobility Revealed through Isotope Analysis",
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distinctive feature of the landscape whose only other examples in New Zealand are across the harbour on the opposite heights. Stone lime kilns were built near Sandymount in 1864.
530:) in the summer of 1808–1809. Sealers began to use the harbour around then, probably anchoring off Wellers' Rock, modern Otakou, where there was extensive Māori settlement.
607:, the association's surveyor, laid out suburban and country blocks in 1846 and 1847. The arrival of the first migrant ships in early 1848 saw the focus of settlement move to
104:. Several of the peninsula's peaks, notably the aptly named Harbour Cone, demonstrate these volcanic origins. These rocks were built up between 13 and 10 million years ago.
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station, commemorated at nearby Weller's Rock. There were several other whaling stations inside the harbour and outer peninsula, including the Middle Fishery Station at
1069:. Otago Peninsula is considered a remarkable and pioneering habitat, especially for sea lions, as it is the only continual breeding ground on a main inhabited island.
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In recent decades there has been growing suburban occupation of the townships, some 'lifestyle' developments on the harbour slopes and an increasing tourist traffic.
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Radio masts appeared at Highcliff and rural depopulation was compensated by the growth of the harbourside settlements. Improving roads saw the demise of the ferries.
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Their occupants were Polynesians ancestral to modern Maori, who lived by hunting large birds, notably the now extinct flightless moa, but also seals and by fishing.
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219:. Mostly, only the side adjacent to the Otago Harbour is populated, with several small communities dotting the length of the peninsula. Largest of these are
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is the only one in the world close to large-scale human cultivation and habitation. Various species of wading birds also inhabit the peninsula, notably
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tribes, but it has been suggested this was really one with 'Waitaha' also being used as a catchall name for all earlier peoples by some later arrivals.
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The total population of the peninsula is under 10,000, with about half of these in the suburbs of Dunedin that encroach onto its western end, such as
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coast of the peninsula includes several beaches that are far away enough from Dunedin to be sparsely populated even in mid-summer. These include
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The statistical area of Otago Peninsula covers 84.96 km (32.80 sq mi). It includes the southern part of the peninsula east of
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There was conflict with Māori, who suffered epidemics of measles and influenza in 1835 and 1836. Whaling collapsed in 1839 and in March 1840
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land connection encouraged the development of settlements at East Harbour (subsequently renamed Macandrew Bay), Company Bay and Broad Bay.
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Various species of endemic, rare, and endangered wildlife have been confirmed in the vicinity of Otago Peninsula both on land and at sea.
386:, appear to be fairy folk, modern anthropological opinion is that they represent historical people who have become encrusted with legend.
1375:(paperback). Dunedin, NZ: Otago University Press. pp. 134, 152, 154, 155, 186, 188, 192–195, 212, 254, 255, 262–263, 266, 268, 331.
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The increased wealth also lead in the 1860s to pleasure gardens being established at Vauxhall; George Grey Russell built his house at
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and others were killed at Whareakeake (Murdering Beach) further north. Peace was re-established by 1823. 1826 saw the visit of the
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those at least 15 was that 312 (43.0%) people were employed full-time, 138 (19.0%) were part-time, and 24 (3.3%) were unemployed.
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to purchase the Otago Block for its Scottish Free Church settlement. However, at the initial meeting between iwi and agent (the
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Although some people chose not to answer the census's question about religious affiliation, 64.4% had no religion, 23.6% were
591:) the Kai Tahu leaders on 18 June stated their wish to retain the entire peninsula for themselves. But the company's surveyor
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The peninsula was formed at the same time as the hills facing it across the harbour, as part of the large, long-extinct,
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208:. There are views of the city and surrounding country from Highcliff Road, which runs along the spine of the peninsula.
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Much of the peninsula is steep hill country, with the highest points being Mount Charles (408m), Highcliff (381m), and
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NASA satellite photo of Otago Peninsula and Otago Harbour. The city of Dunedin is located at the isthmus at lower left.
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1588:"Review of Seismic Guidelines and Reference Document – Summary of Submissions Received on the Review Discussion Paper"
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410:, and 'umu ti', cabbage tree ovens, proliferate over some parts of the Peninsula, showing intensive use of the land.
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Moa and moa hunters went into decline but a new Classic Māori culture evolved, characterised by the construction of
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south, including the Otago Peninsula and tailing off near the Kaikorai estuary; another extending south from the
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1662:"Recolonization of Otago, southern New Zealand by fur seals and sea lions: unexpected patterns and consequences"
1551:"Woodside Energy (New Zealand 55794) Limited – Toroa 3D Marine Seismic Survey – Marine Mammal Impact Assessment"
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Whale ivory chevron pendants found at Little Papanui were made by the site's early occupants and are now in the
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2069:"Dusky Dolphins Lagenorhynchus Obscurus on the Continental Shelf Near Otago Peninsula, South-East New Zealand"
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The City of Dunedin absorbed Peninsula County in 1967, promising to extend water and sewerage reticulation.
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1165:. In 2023, the sea canyon and the southern coast of the peninsula were designated as new marine reserves.
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818:. It had an estimated population of 890 as of June 2023, with a population density of 10 people per km.
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on mainland coasts, both currently and historically. Pre-European times, they were frequently seen in
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1522:"The Moa-Hunters of New Zealand: Sportsman of the Stone Age – Chapter I. Did the Maori Know the Moa?"
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was installed in 1886. Ferries linked the peninsula's harbour coast with the city and Port Chalmers.
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Otago Peninsula Museum & Historical Society Museum, Peninsula social and agricultural history,
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Southern Māori oral tradition tells of five successively arriving peoples and while the earliest,
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231:. Otakou was the site of the first permanent European settlement on the harbour, and of an early
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In the 1880s, following fears of a Russian invasion, Taiaroa Head was extensively fortified. An
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After World War 2 the Taiaroa Head garrison was withdrawn and the lighthouse automated. The
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When All the Moa-Ovens Grew Cold: nine centuries of changing fortune for the southern Maori
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There is a diversity of flora and fauna on the Otago Peninsula. Birds observed include the
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on the other side of the harbour succeeded Otago as the international port. In December
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could be the spot with highest possibilities to catch glimpses of these giants. Other
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546:'s 1817 attack on 'the City of Otago' (probably the Te Rauone settlement(s)), after
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The percentage of people born overseas was 18.7, compared with 27.1% nationally.
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Identification of significant ecological areas for the Otago coastal marine area
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area, and more information can be found on the Dunedin City Council's website:
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took over the hatchery as a research facility as its commercial purpose waned.
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2014:
1631:"Whakahao (male) or Kaki (female) – New Zealand sea lion – Phocarctos hookeri"
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52:) is a long, hilly indented finger of land that forms the easternmost part of
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one of three clusters on the South Island's south east coast: one from about
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Panorama of the view from the smaller of the two Pyramids on Otago Peninsula.
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The 20th century saw land use change as the draining and development of the
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60:. Volcanic in origin, it forms one wall of the eroded valley that now forms
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Behold the Moon, the European Occupation of the Dunedin District 1770-1848
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The Welcome of Strangers: an ethnohistory of southern Maori A.D. 1650–1850
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Victoria University of Wellington Catalogue – New Zealand Texts Collection
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Several species of dolphins and small whales also frequent the peninsula;
2102:"Lineage – Scientific Methodology – Annual distribution of Dusky dolphin"
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and Otago Harbour towards the Otago Peninsula, Harbour Cone at top centre
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Location of the Otago Peninsula (Muaūpoko) on New Zealand's South Island.
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Otago Peninsula is regarded as one of the most favoured of habitats for
1786:"Otago Peninsula named one of the three "hotspots" for Whale Sightings"
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Royal Albatross Colony - only mainland colony of albatross in the world
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2303:, Dunedin, NZ: University of Otago Press with Dunedin City Council,
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Shag River Mouth: the archaeology of an early southern Maori village
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1222:) runs from the central city along the Peninsula's harbour shore to
111:(320m). Two tidal inlets lie on the Pacific coast of the peninsula,
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2185:"Population of whales off Dunedin coast significant, study finds"
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The Face of Nature: An Environmental History of Otago Peninsula
1506:. Statistics New Zealand. March 2020. Otago Peninsula (353900).
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The Face of Nature: An Environmental History of Otago Peninsula
2131:) in New Zealand waters – Present knowledge and research goals
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Victory Beach, named after the 19th century shipwreck of the
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At the entrance to the Otago Harbour the peninsula rises to
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Two sea lions on the beach of Otago Peninsula, New Zealand
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were historically seen on the peninsula. Endangered ocean
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New marine reserves for the southeast of the South Island
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while her men were sealing at Cape Saunders. This led to
223:(the peninsula's largest settlement, population 1,100),
2284:, Canberra, Australia: Australian National University,
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that have been recently confirmed in the area include
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Various European visitors in the 1840s made records.
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In 1844 the Otago Association negotiated with local
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200:Other tourist attractions on the peninsula include
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1218:A popular walking and cycling track (part of the
2030:"On the skeleton of the New-Zealand pike whale,
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2156:"Big jump in Orca sightings near harbour mouth"
1269:
881:Otago Peninsula had a population of 852 at the
142:attractions, along with other wildlife such as
2389:Hogan, C. Michael (2009), N. Stromberg (ed.),
2375:, Wellington, NZ: Department of Conservation,
1498:
1496:
822:Historical population for the statistical area
1182:Fletcher House, an Edwardian cottage museum,
8:
1504:"Statistical area 1 dataset for 2018 Census"
1124:form strong connections with the area while
1109:. One of the earliest reported specimens of
885:, an increase of 72 people (9.2%) since the
821:
390:were next and seemed to be succeeded by two
2280:; Allingham, Brian; Smith, Ian W G (1996),
1913:"Brothers air concerns about Otago Harbour"
746:a number of them constructing large homes.
475:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
1509:2018 Census place summary: Otago Peninsula
820:
2438:
2428:
628:also on the more exposed Pacific slopes.
495:Learn how and when to remove this message
326:Learn how and when to remove this message
2466:Peninsula: Exploring the Otago Peninsula
1731:"Leopard seals bask in balmy conditions"
1396:
1339:
1326:
1313:
983:have been confirmed along Otago coasts.
31:
2486:, Dunedin, NZ: Otago University Press,
2317:Dann, Christine; Peat, Neville (1989),
1828:): Acoustic Behaviour and Ambient Noise
1427:"Road once took its toll on travellers"
1420:
1418:
1366:
1364:
1362:
1360:
1358:
1356:
1354:
1352:
1350:
1348:
1236:
1197:Glenfalloch Woodland Gardens & Cafe
647:acquired the land for his big house at
522:sailed past in February 1770 and named
2464:Sorrell, Paul; Warman, Graham (2013),
2042:Annals and Magazine of Natural History
2003:Annals and Magazine of Natural History
1885:"Beholding bounty, beauty and a beast"
1759:"Otago 'hot spot' for whale sightings"
1476:"Population estimate tables - NZ.Stat"
1409:
355:south to Pleasant River; another from
1295:
1282:
1077:are also known to occur in the area.
538:began, sparked by an incident on the
7:
2415:(5), PLoS One 8(5), e64580: e64580,
2398:, GlobalTwitcher.com, archived from
2136:(Report). Department of Conservation
1982:. New Zealand Marine Department: 24.
1592:Document Ref No.: BPM-10-DOC-SP-v1.0
1425:McAvinue, Shawn (16 February 2020),
1014:. The albatross' breeding colony on
473:adding citations to reliable sources
417:) arrived in the late 16th century.
2272:, Dunedin, NZ: Otago Heritage Books
1941:"Dwarf minke pays a surprise visit"
1858:New Zealand Whale and Dolphin Trust
1834:(PhD). Dunedin: University of Otago
1140:Many other oceanic species such as
2357:, Dunedin, NZ: Port Daniel Press,
2213:"Sighting of beaked whale a first"
1700:"Elephant seal on Otago Peninsula"
1022:, which are a common sight around
421:came about a hundred years later.
119:. Between them is the headland of
25:
2459:, Broad Bay, NZ: Hardwicke Knight
1939:Rudd, Allison (20 October 2008).
246:Panorama of Otago Peninsula from
2457:Otago Peninsula: a local history
2125:Würsig, B.; Duprey, N; Weir, J.
1660:Lalas, Chris (1 November 2008).
896:Ethnicities were 91.5% European/
445:
306:has been specified. Please help
280:
254:is mid left above Port Chalmers.
2567:Whaling stations in New Zealand
1883:Benson, Nigel (29 April 2009).
1729:Fox, Rebecca (18 August 2009).
2552:Tourist attractions in Dunedin
2319:Dunedin, North and South Otago
2183:Elder, Vaughan (15 May 2017).
1635:The New Zealand Sea Lion Trust
926:and 2.1% had other religions.
252:Quarantine Island/Kamau Taurua
1:
1757:Fox, Rebecca (7 April 2013).
1562:New Zealand Offshore Services
1158:southern right whale dolphins
1113:was also taken in this area.
2430:10.1371/journal.pone.0064580
2073:New Zealand Natural Sciences
1911:Dungey, Kim (21 July 2012).
1137:are also occasionally seen.
2211:Gibb, John (10 July 2016).
1976:Fisheries Research Bulletin
1620:(C. Michael Hogan 2009 p.1)
1245:"Whaling Station Locations"
1177:Fletcher House in Broad Bay
623:Growth of modern settlement
18:Mount Charles (New Zealand)
2588:
2455:Knight, Hardwicke (1978),
1596:Department of Conservation
1566:Department of Conservation
1041:
937:
732:Armstrong Disappearing gun
711:(briefly in 1864) and the
342:Ōtākou marae whare rūnanga
2468:, Auckland, NZ: Penguin,
2339:, Dunedin: John McIndoe,
2054:10.1080/00222937408680902
2015:10.1080/00222937408680867
1995:"On a New-Zealand whale (
1969:"The New Zealand Cetacea"
1670:The University of Waikato
1148:, and several species of
963:are known from the area.
874:
848:—
2547:Volcanoes of New Zealand
2373:The Archaeology of Otago
2353:Entwisle, Peter (1998),
2335:Entwisle, Peter (1976),
2321:, Wellington: GP Books,
1558:Report 1'26 Mam 00002-R0
1451:"ArcGIS Web Application"
1154:Shepherd's beaked whales
1146:long-finned pilot whales
1012:northern royal albatross
437:Arrival of the Europeans
136:northern royal albatross
27:Peninsula in New Zealand
2482:West, Jonathan (2017),
2129:Lagenorhynchus obscurus
1824:Southern Right Whales (
1821:Webster, Trudi (2014).
1791:Monarch Wildlife Cruise
1455:statsnz.maps.arcgis.com
1371:West, Jonathan (2017).
1156:, and dolphins such as
1120:and endangered endemic
1071:Southern elephant seals
1065:currently breed around
883:2018 New Zealand census
566:. In November 1831 the
272:Pre-European settlement
2518:45.85833°S 170.65000°E
1999:, Hutton), with notes"
1854:"Research – Acoustics"
1598:. 2010. Archived from
1480:Statistics New Zealand
1412:, p. 51 & 53)
1250:. Shore Whalers Wahine
1220:Otago Harbour Cycleway
1178:
1053:
956:
774:Dunedin Public Library
667:
516:
343:
263:
255:
97:
89:
49:
37:
2392:Yellow-eyed Penguin:
1967:Gaskin, D.E. (1968).
1704:Cackle TV Productions
1176:
1111:Antarctic minke whale
1082:southern right whales
1059:New Zealand fur seals
1051:
951:
665:
510:
408:cabbage tree/tī kouka
341:
261:
245:
130:, home to a breeding
95:
87:
35:
2523:-45.85833; 170.65000
2394:Megadyptes antipodes
2067:Hawke, J.D. (1989).
2036:Physalus antarcticus
2032:Balaenoptera huttoni
1997:Physalus antarcticus
1530:W & T Avery Ltd.
1270:Kinaston et al. 2013
1000:Megadyptes antipodes
703:(in 1864 and 1865),
469:improve this section
308:improve this section
296:to meet Knowledge's
148:yellow-eyed penguins
2562:Peninsulas of Otago
2514: /
2421:2013PLoSO...864580K
2337:The Otago Peninsula
2028:Gray, J.E. (1874).
1993:Gray, J.E. (1874).
1826:Eubalaena australis
1680:on 22 February 2014
1520:Buick L.T. (1937).
1169:Tourist attractions
1126:bottlenose dolphins
1030:on the peninsula's
996:yellow-eyed penguin
981:leatherback turtles
823:
758:University of Otago
666:Peninsula lime kiln
589:New Zealand Company
1641:on 5 February 2013
1602:on 8 February 2013
1179:
1063:Hooker's sea lions
1054:
977:great white sharks
957:
953:Black-winged stilt
707:(over the summer)
668:
517:
344:
264:
256:
98:
90:
38:
2493:978-1-927322-38-3
2402:on 5 October 2011
2371:Hamel, J (2001),
2218:Otago Daily Times
2190:Otago Daily Times
2161:Otago Daily Times
1946:Otago Daily Times
1918:Otago Daily Times
1890:Otago Daily Times
1799:on 12 August 2013
1764:Otago Daily Times
1736:Otago Daily Times
1431:Otago Daily Times
1382:978-1-927322-38-3
1122:Hector's dolphins
879:
878:
631:The discovery of
598:William Wakefield
593:Frederick Tuckett
505:
504:
497:
336:
335:
328:
298:quality standards
289:This section may
16:(Redirected from
2579:
2529:
2528:
2526:
2525:
2524:
2519:
2515:
2512:
2511:
2510:
2507:
2496:
2478:
2460:
2451:
2442:
2432:
2403:
2385:
2367:
2349:
2331:
2313:
2297:Anderson, Atholl
2292:
2278:Anderson, Atholl
2273:
2266:Anderson, Atholl
2252:
2247:
2241:
2236:
2230:
2229:
2227:
2225:
2208:
2202:
2201:
2199:
2197:
2180:
2174:
2173:
2171:
2169:
2152:
2146:
2145:
2143:
2141:
2135:
2127:Dusky dolphins (
2122:
2116:
2115:
2113:
2111:
2106:
2098:
2092:
2091:
2089:
2087:
2064:
2058:
2057:
2025:
2019:
2018:
1990:
1984:
1983:
1973:
1964:
1958:
1957:
1955:
1953:
1936:
1930:
1929:
1927:
1925:
1908:
1902:
1901:
1899:
1897:
1880:
1874:
1873:
1871:
1869:
1860:. Archived from
1850:
1844:
1843:
1841:
1839:
1833:
1818:
1809:
1808:
1806:
1804:
1795:. Archived from
1782:
1776:
1775:
1773:
1771:
1754:
1748:
1747:
1745:
1743:
1726:
1720:
1719:
1717:
1715:
1706:. Archived from
1696:
1690:
1689:
1687:
1685:
1679:
1673:. Archived from
1666:
1657:
1651:
1650:
1648:
1646:
1637:. Archived from
1627:
1621:
1618:
1612:
1611:
1609:
1607:
1584:
1578:
1577:
1575:
1573:
1555:
1547:
1541:
1540:
1538:
1536:
1517:
1511:
1507:
1500:
1491:
1490:
1488:
1486:
1472:
1466:
1465:
1463:
1461:
1447:
1441:
1440:
1439:
1437:
1422:
1413:
1406:
1400:
1393:
1387:
1386:
1368:
1343:
1336:
1330:
1323:
1317:
1310:
1299:
1292:
1286:
1279:
1273:
1266:
1260:
1259:
1257:
1255:
1249:
1241:
1020:royal spoonbills
955:on the peninsula
837:
832:
824:
701:Lady of the Lake
575:Dumont D'Urville
564:Mitchell Library
500:
493:
489:
486:
480:
449:
441:
425:, a fortress on
331:
324:
320:
317:
311:
284:
283:
276:
21:
2587:
2586:
2582:
2581:
2580:
2578:
2577:
2576:
2542:Otago Peninsula
2532:
2531:
2522:
2520:
2516:
2513:
2508:
2505:
2503:
2501:
2500:
2494:
2481:
2476:
2463:
2454:
2406:
2388:
2383:
2370:
2365:
2352:
2347:
2334:
2329:
2316:
2311:
2295:
2276:
2264:
2261:
2256:
2255:
2248:
2244:
2237:
2233:
2223:
2221:
2210:
2209:
2205:
2195:
2193:
2182:
2181:
2177:
2167:
2165:
2154:
2153:
2149:
2139:
2137:
2133:
2124:
2123:
2119:
2109:
2107:
2104:
2100:
2099:
2095:
2085:
2083:
2066:
2065:
2061:
2048:(78): 448–453.
2027:
2026:
2022:
2009:(76): 316–318.
1992:
1991:
1987:
1971:
1966:
1965:
1961:
1951:
1949:
1938:
1937:
1933:
1923:
1921:
1910:
1909:
1905:
1895:
1893:
1882:
1881:
1877:
1867:
1865:
1852:
1851:
1847:
1837:
1835:
1831:
1820:
1819:
1812:
1802:
1800:
1784:
1783:
1779:
1769:
1767:
1756:
1755:
1751:
1741:
1739:
1728:
1727:
1723:
1713:
1711:
1710:on 3 March 2014
1698:
1697:
1693:
1683:
1681:
1677:
1664:
1659:
1658:
1654:
1644:
1642:
1629:
1628:
1624:
1619:
1615:
1605:
1603:
1586:
1585:
1581:
1571:
1569:
1553:
1549:
1548:
1544:
1534:
1532:
1519:
1518:
1514:
1502:
1501:
1494:
1484:
1482:
1474:
1473:
1469:
1459:
1457:
1449:
1448:
1444:
1435:
1433:
1424:
1423:
1416:
1407:
1403:
1394:
1390:
1383:
1370:
1369:
1346:
1337:
1333:
1324:
1320:
1311:
1302:
1293:
1289:
1280:
1276:
1267:
1263:
1253:
1251:
1247:
1243:
1242:
1238:
1233:
1171:
1130:common dolphins
1091:humpback whales
1046:
1040:
989:
961:Jewelled geckos
946:
936:
934:Natural history
808:Harington Point
792:
693:Harington Point
679:, Company Bay,
645:William Larnach
625:
617:William Cargill
568:Weller brothers
511:Looking across
501:
490:
484:
481:
466:
450:
439:
332:
321:
315:
312:
301:
285:
281:
274:
269:
237:Harington Point
102:Dunedin Volcano
82:
42:Otago Peninsula
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2585:
2583:
2575:
2574:
2569:
2564:
2559:
2554:
2549:
2544:
2534:
2533:
2498:
2497:
2492:
2479:
2474:
2461:
2452:
2404:
2386:
2381:
2368:
2363:
2350:
2345:
2332:
2327:
2314:
2309:
2293:
2274:
2260:
2257:
2254:
2253:
2242:
2231:
2203:
2175:
2164:. 8 April 2009
2147:
2117:
2093:
2059:
2020:
1985:
1959:
1931:
1903:
1875:
1845:
1810:
1777:
1749:
1721:
1691:
1652:
1622:
1613:
1579:
1542:
1512:
1492:
1467:
1442:
1414:
1401:
1399:, p. 137)
1388:
1381:
1344:
1331:
1318:
1300:
1287:
1274:
1261:
1235:
1234:
1232:
1229:
1228:
1227:
1216:
1209:
1204:
1202:Larnach Castle
1199:
1194:
1187:
1170:
1167:
1118:dusky dolphins
1039:
1038:Marine mammals
1036:
1024:Hooper's Inlet
1004:little penguin
988:
985:
973:basking sharks
935:
932:
877:
876:
872:
871:
868:
865:
861:
860:
857:
854:
850:
849:
846:
843:
839:
838:
833:
828:
791:
788:
683:, Ross Point,
653:Larnach Castle
624:
621:
605:Charles Kettle
548:William Tucker
503:
502:
453:
451:
444:
438:
435:
334:
333:
304:cleanup reason
288:
286:
279:
273:
270:
268:
265:
202:Larnach Castle
81:
78:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2584:
2573:
2572:Otago Harbour
2570:
2568:
2565:
2563:
2560:
2558:
2555:
2553:
2550:
2548:
2545:
2543:
2540:
2539:
2537:
2530:
2527:
2495:
2489:
2485:
2480:
2477:
2475:9780143568537
2471:
2467:
2462:
2458:
2453:
2450:
2446:
2441:
2436:
2431:
2426:
2422:
2418:
2414:
2410:
2405:
2401:
2397:
2396:
2393:
2387:
2384:
2382:0-478-22016-2
2378:
2374:
2369:
2366:
2364:0-473-05591-0
2360:
2356:
2351:
2348:
2346:0-908565-23-2
2342:
2338:
2333:
2330:
2328:0-477-01438-0
2324:
2320:
2315:
2312:
2310:1-877133-41-8
2306:
2302:
2298:
2294:
2291:
2287:
2283:
2279:
2275:
2271:
2267:
2263:
2262:
2258:
2251:
2246:
2243:
2240:
2235:
2232:
2220:
2219:
2214:
2207:
2204:
2192:
2191:
2186:
2179:
2176:
2163:
2162:
2157:
2151:
2148:
2132:
2130:
2121:
2118:
2103:
2097:
2094:
2082:
2078:
2074:
2070:
2063:
2060:
2055:
2051:
2047:
2043:
2039:
2037:
2033:
2024:
2021:
2016:
2012:
2008:
2004:
2000:
1998:
1989:
1986:
1981:
1977:
1970:
1963:
1960:
1948:
1947:
1942:
1935:
1932:
1920:
1919:
1914:
1907:
1904:
1892:
1891:
1886:
1879:
1876:
1864:on 5 May 2014
1863:
1859:
1855:
1849:
1846:
1830:
1829:
1825:
1817:
1815:
1811:
1798:
1794:
1792:
1787:
1781:
1778:
1766:
1765:
1760:
1753:
1750:
1738:
1737:
1732:
1725:
1722:
1709:
1705:
1701:
1695:
1692:
1676:
1672:
1671:
1663:
1656:
1653:
1640:
1636:
1632:
1626:
1623:
1617:
1614:
1601:
1597:
1593:
1589:
1583:
1580:
1567:
1563:
1559:
1552:
1546:
1543:
1531:
1527:
1523:
1516:
1513:
1510:
1505:
1499:
1497:
1493:
1481:
1477:
1471:
1468:
1456:
1452:
1446:
1443:
1432:
1428:
1421:
1419:
1415:
1411:
1405:
1402:
1398:
1397:Entwisle 1998
1392:
1389:
1384:
1378:
1374:
1367:
1365:
1363:
1361:
1359:
1357:
1355:
1353:
1351:
1349:
1345:
1342:, p. 13)
1341:
1340:Anderson 1998
1335:
1332:
1328:
1327:Entwisle 1976
1322:
1319:
1315:
1314:Anderson 1983
1309:
1307:
1305:
1301:
1297:
1291:
1288:
1284:
1278:
1275:
1271:
1265:
1262:
1246:
1240:
1237:
1230:
1225:
1221:
1217:
1215:
1210:
1208:
1205:
1203:
1200:
1198:
1195:
1192:
1188:
1185:
1181:
1180:
1175:
1168:
1166:
1164:
1159:
1155:
1151:
1150:beaked whales
1147:
1143:
1138:
1136:
1131:
1127:
1123:
1119:
1114:
1112:
1108:
1104:
1100:
1099:baleen whales
1096:
1092:
1087:
1083:
1078:
1076:
1075:leopard seals
1072:
1068:
1064:
1060:
1050:
1045:
1037:
1035:
1033:
1029:
1028:Papanui Inlet
1025:
1021:
1017:
1013:
1009:
1005:
1001:
997:
994:
987:Oceanic birds
986:
984:
982:
978:
974:
970:
966:
962:
954:
950:
945:
944:Otago Harbour
941:
933:
931:
927:
925:
921:
916:
913:
911:
907:
903:
899:
894:
892:
888:
884:
873:
869:
866:
863:
862:
858:
855:
852:
851:
847:
844:
841:
840:
834:
829:
826:
825:
819:
817:
813:
812:Macandrew Bay
809:
805:
801:
797:
789:
787:
786:development.
783:
780:
777:
775:
771:
770:Colin McCahon
766:
761:
759:
754:
751:
747:
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532:Otago Harbour
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513:Port Chalmers
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179:Victory Beach
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175:Boulder Beach
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117:Papanui Inlet
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113:Hoopers Inlet
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62:Otago Harbour
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2096:
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2081:10.26021/473
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1916:
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1862:the original
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1797:the original
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1708:the original
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1675:the original
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1639:the original
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1600:the original
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1470:
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1454:
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1434:, retrieved
1430:
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1329:, p. 8)
1321:
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1290:
1277:
1264:
1252:. Retrieved
1239:
1214:Harbour Cone
1142:sperm whales
1139:
1115:
1107:minke whales
1095:Taiaroa Head
1079:
1067:Taiaroa Head
1055:
1016:Taiaroa Head
999:
990:
958:
940:Taiaroa Head
928:
922:, 1.1% were
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790:Demographics
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765:Taieri Plain
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536:Sealers' War
527:
518:
491:
482:
467:Please help
455:
431:
427:Taiaroa Head
413:Kati Mamoe (
412:
401:
395:
381:
372:Otago Museum
369:
366:
349:
345:
322:
313:
290:
210:
199:
189:
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171:Allans Beach
164:
128:Taiaroa Head
125:
106:
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96:Harbour Cone
66:
41:
39:
29:
2521: /
2509:170°39′00″E
2140:10 November
2110:10 November
2086:10 November
1868:25 February
1838:10 November
1803:23 November
1410:Knight 1978
1103:blue whales
1086:the harbour
891:2006 census
887:2013 census
798:, and also
796:Ocean Grove
641:Glenfalloch
601:peninsula.
544:James Kelly
540:Sydney Cove
415:Ngāti Mamoe
384:Kahui Tipua
310:if you can.
248:Mt. Cargill
183:Sandfly Bay
58:New Zealand
2536:Categories
2506:45°51′30″S
2259:References
2224:26 October
2038:, Hutton)"
1952:1 November
1896:1 November
1606:16 January
1572:16 January
1535:3 February
1533:Retrieved
1485:25 October
1460:10 January
1296:Hamel 2001
1283:Hamel 2001
1224:Portobello
1191:Portobello
1152:including
1042:See also:
1010:, and the
993:endangered
938:See also:
705:Golden Age
685:Portobello
520:James Cook
396:Te Rapuwai
388:Te Rapuwai
357:Waikouaiti
316:April 2011
225:Portobello
217:Shiel Hill
195:sand dunes
152:spoonbills
140:ecotourism
109:Sandymount
1184:Broad Bay
1044:Wellerman
969:megafauna
965:Giant moa
920:Christian
816:Broad Bay
681:Broad Bay
485:July 2022
456:does not
80:Geography
74:pinnipeds
2557:Tombolos
2449:23691250
2409:PLOS ONE
2299:(1998),
2290:34751263
2268:(1983),
2168:25 April
1924:25 April
1770:25 April
1742:25 April
1714:25 April
1684:25 April
1645:25 April
1298:) fig. 2
1285:) fig. 1
1163:Kaikōura
971:such as
924:Buddhist
906:Pasifika
900:, 16.9%
875:Source:
713:Iron Age
649:Pukehiki
585:Kai Tahu
556:and the
423:Pukekura
419:Kai Tahu
291:require
213:Vauxhall
70:seabirds
50:Muaūpoko
2440:3654917
2417:Bibcode
1436:10 June
1034:coast.
1032:Pacific
908:, 1.4%
904:, 0.7%
836:±% p.a.
800:Harwood
709:Minerva
609:Dunedin
559:Lambton
553:Rosanna
477:removed
462:sources
392:Waitaha
376:pounamu
293:cleanup
267:History
233:whaling
190:Victory
167:Pacific
156:plovers
54:Dunedin
2490:
2472:
2447:
2437:
2379:
2361:
2343:
2325:
2307:
2288:
2196:15 May
1793:– News
1568:. 2014
1379:
1254:10 May
979:, and
898:Pākehā
870:+1.78%
859:−0.69%
804:Otakou
697:Nugget
689:Otakou
611:while
353:Oamaru
229:Otakou
227:, and
181:, and
160:herons
158:, and
132:colony
2134:(PDF)
2105:(PDF)
1972:(PDF)
1832:(PDF)
1678:(PDF)
1665:(PDF)
1554:(PDF)
1248:(PDF)
1231:Notes
1008:shags
910:Asian
902:Māori
528:Unity
361:Matau
206:cairn
144:seals
46:Māori
2488:ISBN
2470:ISBN
2445:PMID
2377:ISBN
2359:ISBN
2341:ISBN
2323:ISBN
2305:ISBN
2286:OCLC
2226:2021
2198:2017
2170:2013
2142:2021
2112:2021
2088:2021
1954:2011
1926:2013
1898:2011
1870:2014
1840:2021
1805:2013
1772:2013
1744:2013
1716:2013
1686:2013
1647:2013
1608:2015
1574:2015
1537:2015
1487:2023
1462:2022
1438:2020
1377:ISBN
1256:2020
1135:Orca
1128:and
1105:and
1073:and
1061:and
1026:and
942:and
864:2018
853:2013
842:2006
831:Pop.
827:Year
814:and
806:and
691:and
643:and
633:gold
460:any
458:cite
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165:The
146:and
115:and
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2435:PMC
2425:doi
2077:doi
2050:doi
2011:doi
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856:780
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