Mount Erebus disaster

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and give the passengers a better view. The flight crew either was unaware of or ignored the approved route's minimum safe altitude (MSA) of 16,000 feet (4,900 m) for the approach to Mount Erebus, and 6,000 feet (1,800 m) in the sector south of Mount Erebus (and then only when the cloud base was at 7,000 feet (2,100 m) or better). Photographs and news stories from previous flights showed that many of these had been flown at levels substantially below the route's MSA. In addition, preflight briefings for previous flights had approved descents to any altitude authorised by the US ATC at McMurdo Station. As the US ATC expected Flight 901 to follow the same route as previous flights down McMurdo Sound, and in accordance with the route waypoints previously advised by Air New Zealand to them, the ATC advised Flight 901 that it had a radar that could let them down to 1,500 feet (460 m). The radar equipment did not pick up the aircraft, however, and the crew also experienced difficulty establishing VHF communications. The

574:. Crucially, the flight crew of Flight 901 was not notified of the change. The flight plan printout given to the crew on the morning of the flight, which was subsequently entered by them into the aircraft's INS, differed from the flight plan presented at the 9 November briefing and from Captain Collins' map mark-ups, which he had prepared the night before the fatal flight. The key difference was that the flight plan presented at the briefing corresponded to a track down McMurdo Sound, giving Mount Erebus a wide berth to the east, whereas the flight plan printed on the morning of the flight corresponded to a track that coincided with Mount Erebus, which would result in a collision with Mount Erebus if this leg were flown at an altitude less than 13,000 feet (4,000 m), 12,448 feet (3,794 m) being the top peak of Mount Erebus. 625:. Unknown to them, the coordinates had been modified earlier that morning to correct the error introduced previously and undetected until then. The crew evidently did not check the destination waypoint against a topographical map (as did Captain Simpson on the flight of 14 November) or they would have noticed the change. Charts for the Antarctic were not available to the pilot for planning purposes, being withheld until the flight was about to depart. The charts eventually provided, which were carried on the aircraft, were neither comprehensive enough nor large enough in scale to support detailed plotting. 665:– no contrast between ground and sky was visible to the pilots. The effect deceived everyone on the flight deck, making them believe that the white mountainside was the Ross Ice Shelf, a huge expanse of floating ice derived from the great ice sheets of Antarctica, which was in fact now behind the mountain. As it was little understood, even by experienced polar pilots, Air New Zealand had provided no training for the flight crew on the sector whiteout phenomenon. Consequently, the crew thought they were flying along McMurdo Sound, when they were actually flying over 327: 1472:, with a relative of one of the crash victims stating that it was the right place. However, local residents criticised the memorial's location, saying that it would "destroy the ambiance of the park". After numerous delays, construction was set to begin in October 2021. However, due to an investigation by the Ombudsman, construction was limited to reversible "preparation works". The delays were caused by protests against the construction, fearing that it could endanger the giant pōhutukawa in the park. 1129: 650: 479:(INS), and was surprised to find a large distance between the two. After his flight, Captain Simpson advised Air New Zealand's navigation section of the difference in positions. For reasons that were disputed, this triggered Air New Zealand's navigation section to update the McMurdo waypoint coordinates stored in the ground computer to correspond with the coordinates of the McMurdo TACAN beacon, despite this also not corresponding with the approved route. 461:. Due to a typing error in the coordinates when the route was computerised, however, the printout from Air New Zealand's ground computer system that was presented at the 9 November briefing corresponded to a southerly flight path down the middle of the wide McMurdo Sound, about 27 nautical miles (50 km; 31 mi) to the west of Mount Erebus. The majority of the previous 13 flights had also entered this flight plan's coordinates into their aircraft 609:

conditions, Flight 901 collided with the mountain at an altitude around 1,500 feet (460 m), on the lower slopes of the 12,448-ft-tall (3,794 m) mountain. Passenger photographs taken seconds before the collision removed all plausibility of a "flying in cloud" theory, showing perfectly clear visibility well beneath the cloud base, with landmarks 13 miles (21 km) to the left and 10 miles (16 km) to the right of the aircraft visible.

1166:(1,800 m) even under good weather conditions, but a combination of factors led the captain to believe the plane was over the sea (the middle of McMurdo Sound and few small low islands), and previous Flight 901 pilots had regularly flown low over the area to give passengers a better view, as evidenced by photographs in Air New Zealand's own travel magazine and by first-hand accounts of personnel based on the ground at NZ's Scott Base. 1423: 1097:

in cargo nets under the helicopters and they were taken to McMurdo. This was doubly exhausting because we also had to wind down the personnel numbers with each helo load and that left the remaining people with more work to do. It was exhausting uncovering the bodies and loading them and dangerous, too, as debris from the crash site was whipped up by the helo rotors. Risks were taken by all those involved in this work. The civilians from

4557: 483: 1293:"Exhibit 164" was a photocopied diagram of McMurdo Sound showing a southbound flight path passing west of Ross Island and a northbound path passing the island on the east. The diagram did not extend sufficiently far south to show where, how, or even if they joined, and left the two paths disconnected. Evidence had been given to the effect that the diagram had been included in the flight crew's briefing documentation. 1014:

unidentified debris along the side of Mount Erebus. No survivors could be seen. Around 9:00 am, 20 hours after the crash, helicopters with search parties managed to land on the side of the mountain. They confirmed that the wreckage was that of Flight 901 and that all 237 passengers and 20 crew members had been killed. The DC-10's altitude at the time of the collision was 1,465 feet (447 m).

4545: 642: 1192:, which creates the visual illusion of a flat horizon far in the distance. A very broad gap between cloud layers appeared to allow a view of the distant Ross Ice Shelf and beyond. Mahon noted that the flight crew, with many thousands of hours of flight time between them, had considerable experience with the extreme accuracy of the aircraft's 1196:. Mahon also found that the preflight briefings for previous flights had approved descents to any altitude authorised by the US ATC at McMurdo Station, and that the radio communications centre at McMurdo Station had indeed authorised Collins to descend to 1,500 feet (460 m), below the minimum safe level of 6,000 feet (1,800 m). 1259:

must accept, being untruthful ... they were also being singularly naive. uite apart from the mass of evidence of flights at low altitudes and the publicity given to them ... it is not conceivable that individual witnesses falsely disclaimed knowledge of low flying on previous Antarctic flights in a concerted attempt to deceive anybody.

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In March 2022, the Ombudsman released his report, stating that Ministry of Culture & Heritage "should have consulted more widely before forming its preference for a location," and that it "acted unreasonably in October 2019, when it failed to reply to correspondence about resource consent for the

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in London against the Court of Appeal's decision. His findings as to the cause of the accident, namely reprogramming of the aircraft's flight plan by the ground crew, who then failed to inform the flight crew, had not been challenged before the Court of Appeal, so were not challenged before the Privy

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Mahon's report, released on 27 April 1981, cleared the crew of blame for the disaster. Mahon said the single, dominant, and effective cause of the crash was Air New Zealand's alteration of the flight plan waypoint coordinates in the ground navigation computer without advising the crew. The new flight

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We ran out of cigarettes, a catastrophe that caused all persons, civilians and police on site, to hand in their personal supplies so we could dish them out equally and spin out the supply we had. As the weather cleared, the helos were able to get back and we then were able to hook the piles of bodies

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The fact that we all spent about a week camped in polar tents amid the wreckage and dead bodies, maintaining a 24-hour work schedule says it all. We split the men into two shifts (12 hours on and 12 off), and recovered with great effort all the human remains at the site. Many bodies were trapped

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Almost all of the aircraft's wreckage still lies where it came to rest on the slopes of Mount Erebus, as both its remote location and its weather conditions can hamper any further recovery operations. During the cold periods, the wreckage is buried under a layer of snow and ice. During warm periods,

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Captain Collins and co-pilot Cassin had never flown to Antarctica before (while flight engineer Brooks had flown to Antarctica only once previously), but they were experienced pilots and were considered qualified for the flight. On 9 November 1979, 19 days before departure, the two pilots attended a

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containing letters written by the loved ones of those who died was placed next to the Antarctic cross. It was originally to have been placed at the site by six relatives of the victims on the 30th anniversary of the crash, 28 November 2009, but this was delayed for two months due to bad weather. It

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on 6 June, which grounded all U.S.-registered DC-10s and forbade any foreign government that had a bilateral agreement with the United States regarding aircraft certifications from flying their DC-10s, which included Air New Zealand's seven DC-10s. The Air New Zealand DC-10 fleet was grounded until

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item by item, including Exhibit 164, which they said could not "be understood by any experienced pilot to be intended for the purposes of navigation" and went even further, saying there was no clear proof on which to base a finding that a plan of deception, led by the company's chief executive, had

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crashes. Chippindale's investigation techniques were revealed as lacking in rigour, which allowed errors and avoidable gaps in knowledge to appear in reports. Consequently, Chippindale entirely missed the importance of the flight-plan change and the rare meteorological conditions of Antarctica. Had

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was instituted to recognise the service of New Zealanders, and citizens of the United States of America and other countries, who were involved in the body recovery, identification, and crash investigation phases of Operation Overdue. On 5 June 2009, the New Zealand government recognised some of the

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At 9:00 pm, about half an hour after the plane would have run out of fuel, Air New Zealand informed the press that it believed the aircraft to be lost. Rescue teams searched along the assumed flight path, but found nothing. At 12:55 am, the crew of a United States Navy aircraft discovered

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visible on the horizon, when in reality they were flying directly toward the mountain. Despite most of the crew being engaged in identifying visual landmarks at the time, they never perceived the mountain directly in front of them. About 6 minutes after completing a descent in visual meteorological

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Their Lordships accept unreservedly that ... the evidence given by several of the executive pilots at the inquiry was false. But, even though false ... it cannot have formed part of a predetermined plan of deception. Those witnesses whom the Judge disbelieved on this issue were, as their Lordships

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were eating the bodies in front of us, causing us much mental anguish, as well as destroying the chances of identifying the corpses. We tried to shoo them away, but to no avail; we then threw flares, also to no avail. Because of this, we had to pick up all the bodies/parts that had been bagged and

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The flight had earlier paused during the approach to McMurdo Sound to carry out a descent, via a figure-eight manoeuvre, through a gap in the low cloud base (later estimated to be at around 2,000 to 3,000 feet (610 to 910 m)) while over water to establish visual contact with surface landmarks

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The flight was designed and marketed as a unique sightseeing experience, carrying an experienced Antarctic guide, who pointed out scenic features and landmarks using the aircraft's public-address system, while passengers enjoyed a low-flying sweep of McMurdo Sound. The flights left and returned to

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Initially, there was very little water at the site and we had only one bowl between all of us to wash our hands in before eating. The water was black. In the first days on site, we did not wash plates and utensils after eating, but handed them on to the next shift because we were unable to wash

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Flight 901 was due to arrive back at Christchurch at 6:05 pm for a stopover including refuelling and a crew change before completing the journey back to Auckland. Around 50 passengers were also supposed to disembark at Christchurch. Airport staff initially told the waiting families that the

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to whitewash the inquiry, accusing them of "an orchestrated litany of lies" by covering up evidence and lying to investigators. Mahon found that, in the original report, Chippindale had a poor grasp of the flying involved in jet-airline operation, as he (and the New Zealand CAA in general) was

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The job of individual identification took many weeks, and was largely done by teams of pathologists, dentists, and police. The mortuary team was led by Inspector Jim Morgan, who collated and edited a report on the recovery operation. Recordkeeping had to be meticulous because of the number and

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About four hours after a smooth take-off, the flight was 42 miles (68 km) away from McMurdo Station. The radio communications centre there allowed the pilots to descend to 10,000 ft (3,000 m) and to continue "visually". Air-safety regulations at the time did not allow flights to

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as the principal cause of the accident and attributed blame to the decision of Collins to descend below the customary minimum altitude level, and to continue at that altitude when the crew was unsure of the plane's position. The customary minimum altitude prohibited descent below 6,000 feet

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led to "significant land slips occurring along the cliff line," including one in the vicinity of the memorial site. The geotechnical engineering assessment undertaken concluded that "the land was unsafe to build the memorial on", forcing them to abandon the plans to build the memorial in

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announced a further one-man Royal Commission of Inquiry into the accident, to be performed by Justice Peter Mahon. This Royal Commission was initially handicapped in that the deadline was extremely short; originally set for 31 October 1980, it was subsequently extended four times.

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were in working order and able to be deciphered. Extensive photographic footage, including video, from the moments before the crash was available; being a sightseeing flight, most passengers were carrying cameras, from which the majority of the film could be developed.

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In 2008, Justice Mahon was posthumously awarded the Jim Collins Memorial Award by the New Zealand Airline Pilots Association for exceptional contributions to air safety, "in forever changing the general approach used in transport accidents investigations world wide."

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proposed memorial." Construction was halted upon the recommendation given, which "called for the ministry to resolve any grievances before construction begins." By 10 February 2023, the Ombudsman was satisfied by the actions taken to implement his recommendations.

1411:, along with the national government, issued a formal apology to the families of the victims. Ardern " regret on behalf of Air New Zealand for the accident", and " on behalf of the airline which 40 years ago failed in its duty of care to its passengers and staff." 1085:

create 11 large piles of human remains around the crash site in order to bury them under snow to keep the birds off. To do this we had to scoop up the top layer of snow over the crash site and bury them, only later to uncover them when the weather cleared and the

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descend to lower than 6,000 ft (1,800 m), even in good weather, although Air New Zealand's own travel magazine showed photographs of previous flights clearly operating below 6,000 ft (1,800 m). Collins believed the plane was over open water.

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ZK-NZP. The 182nd DC-10 to be built, and the fourth DC-10 to be introduced by Air New Zealand, ZK-NZP was handed over to the airline on 12 December 1974 at McDonnell Douglas's Long Beach plant. It had logged more than 20,700 flight hours prior to the crash.

303:(as the crew had been led to believe), was instead rerouted to a path toward Mount Erebus. Justice Mahon's report accused Air New Zealand of presenting "an orchestrated litany of lies", and this led to changes in senior management at the airline. The 1234:, which unanimously set aside the costs order. The Court of Appeal, by majority, though, declined to go any further, and in particular, declined to set aside Mahon's finding that members of the management of Air New Zealand had conspired to commit 1464:

The book-length poem "Erebus" by American writer Jane Summer (Sibling Rivalry Press, 2015) memorialises a close friend who died in the tragedy, and in a feat of 'investigative poetry', explores the chain of flawed decisions that caused the crash.

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logo clearly visible, was found in the snow. Bodies and fragments of the aircraft were flown back to Auckland for identification. The remains of 44 of the victims were not individually identified. A funeral was held for them on 22 February 1980.

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Other files are held by Archives New Zealand at Auckland, Wellington, Christchurch and Dunedin. These include files of the Royal Commission (Agency AASJ, accession W2802) and the New Zealand Police (Agencies AAAJ, BBAN; many are restricted).

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These new coordinates changed the flight plan to track 27 miles (43 km) east of their understanding. The coordinates programmed the plane to overfly Mount Erebus, a 12,448-foot-high (3,794 m) volcano, instead of down McMurdo Sound.

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After we had almost completed the mission, we were trapped by bad weather and isolated. At that point, NZPO2 and I allowed the liquor that had survived the crash to be given out and we had a party (macabre, but we had to let off steam).

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McMurdo Station attempted to contact the flight after the crash, and informed Air New Zealand headquarters in Auckland that communication with the aircraft had been lost. United States search-and-rescue personnel were placed on standby.

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concluded that this was a deliberate attempt to conceal from the United States authorities that the flight plan had been changed, probably because it was known that US Air Traffic Control would lodge an objection to the new flight path.

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In 2009, Air New Zealand's CEO Rob Fyfe apologised to all those affected who did not receive appropriate support and compassion from the company following the incident, and unveiled a commemorative sculpture at its headquarters.

1276:, an accusation which they determined was not supported by the evidence. In its judgment, delivered on 20 October 1983, the Judicial Committee therefore dismissed Mahon's appeal. Aviation researcher John King wrote in his book 1037:

Efforts for recovery were extensive, owing in part to the pressure from Japan, as 24 passengers had been Japanese. The operation lasted until 9 December 1979, with up to 60 recovery workers on site at a time. A team of

3438: 1504:, a golf tournament sponsored by Air New Zealand. CEO Morrie Davis was playing the pro-am when he first heard word that the plane was "lost." Air New Zealand thought about cancelling the tournament but decided against it. 3114: 4597: 370:

had acted as guides on previous flights. Hillary was scheduled to act as the guide for the fatal flight of 28 November 1979, but had to cancel because of other commitments. His long-time friend and climbing companion,

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in 1978). Also on board were First Officer Graham Neville Lucas (39) and Flight Engineer Nicholas John "Nick" Moloney (44). Flight Engineer Moloney had a total of 6,468 flight hours, including 1,700 in the DC-10.

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effectively agreed with some of the views of the minority in the Court of Appeal in concluding that Mahon had acted in breach of natural justice by finding that Air New Zealand management had been engaged in a

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after flying 5,360 miles (8,630 km). The aircraft would make a 45-minute stop at Christchurch for refuelling and a crew change, before flying the remaining 464 miles (747 km) to Auckland, arriving at

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A wooden cross was erected on the mountain above Scott Base to commemorate the accident. It was replaced in 1986 with an aluminium cross after the original was eroded by low temperatures, wind, and moisture.

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conditions, "a malevolent trick of the polar light", the crew were unable to visually identify the mountain in front of them. Furthermore, they may have experienced a rare meteorological phenomenon called

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and American Airlines Flight 191. The event marked the beginning of the end for Air New Zealand's DC-10 fleet, although talk existed before the accident of replacing the aircraft; DC-10s were replaced by

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of Mahon's order that it pay more than half the costs of the Mahon inquiry, and for judicial review of some of the findings of fact Mahon had made in his report. The application was referred to the

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At press time no information had been released concerning the flightdata and cockpit-voice recorder of Air New Zealand McDonnell Douglas DC-10 ZK-NZP which crashed on Mount Erebus on 28 November.

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Material related to the Erebus disaster and inquiry is held (with other Antarctica items from the Antarctic Division of the (former) Department of Scientific and Industrial Research (DSIR)) by

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the FAA measures were rescinded five weeks later, on 13 July, after all carriers had completed modifications that responded to issues discovered from the American Airlines Flight 191 incident.

3637: 1057:. The exercise resulted in 83% of the deceased passengers and crew eventually being identified, sometimes from evidence such as a finger capable of yielding a print, or keys in a pocket. 1961: 1073:

gloves afforded, i.e., writing down the details of what we saw and assigning body and grid numbers to all body parts and labelling them. All bodies and body parts were photographed

4612: 2662: 4607: 3956: 3871:(audio file) ABC Radio National program "Ockham's Razor": "Arthur Marcell takes us through some of the events leading up to the crash and has a few questions for modern navigators." 3408: 3430: 3254: 3220: 3098: 4458: 1608: 577:

The Air New Zealand computer program was altered so that the standard telex forwarded to US air traffic controllers (ATCs) at the United States Antarctic science facility at

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Judgments of the Court of Appeal of New Zealand on Proceedings to Review Aspects of the Report of the Royal Commission of Inquiry into the Mount Erebus Aircraft Disaster

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by U.S. Navy photographers who worked with us. Also, U.S. Navy personnel helped us to lift and pack bodies into body bags, which was very exhausting work.

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Gordon Barrett Brooks (43) had 10,886 flight hours, including 3,000 in the DC-10 (Brooks had also been Flight Engineer on the Air New Zealand flight involved in the

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Americans who assisted in Operation Overdue during a ceremony in Washington, DC. A total of 40 Americans, mostly Navy personnel, are eligible to receive the medal.

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them. I could not eat my first meal on site because it was a meat stew. Our polar clothing became covered in black human grease (a result of burns on the bodies).

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We felt relieved when the first resupply of woollen gloves arrived because ours had become saturated in human grease, however, we needed the finger movement that

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in Chicago six months earlier (25 May), severely hurt the reputation of the McDonnell Douglas DC-10. Following the Chicago crash, the FAA withdrew the DC-10's

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Regarding the issue of Air New Zealand stating a minimum altitude of 6,000 feet for pilots in the vicinity of McMurdo Base, the Judicial Committee stated,

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Council. His conclusion that the crash was the result of the aircrew being misdirected as to their flight path, not due to pilot error, therefore remained.

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Air New Zealand had not lost any passengers to an accident or incident until this event took place. The nationalities of the passengers and crew included:

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The flight plan had been approved in 1977 by the Civil Aviation Division of the New Zealand Department of Transport and was along a track directly from

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in April 1978). Despite being domestic flights from an immigration point of view, the Antarctic flights used the TE code for logistical reasons.

4622: 4257: 1950: 3833: 2747: 2646: 2489: 2463: 2434: 2194: 1735: 2550:"The Honourable Peter Thomas Mahon (Appeal No. 12 of 1983) v Air New Zealand Limited and Others (New Zealand) 1983 UKPC 29 (20 October 1983)" 1866: 657:

Collins told McMurdo Station that he would be dropping to 2,000 feet (610 m), at which point he switched control of the aircraft to the

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Report of the Royal Commission to Inquire into the Crash on Mount Erebus, Antarctica of a DC10 Aircraft Operated by Air New Zealand Limited

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Captain Leslie Simpson, the pilot of a flight on 14 November and also present at the 9 November briefing, compared the coordinates of the

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in the morning and was supposed to spend a few hours flying over the Antarctic continent, before returning to Auckland in the evening via

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into the side of Mount Erebus and exploded, instantly killing everyone on board. The accident occurred at 12:50 pm at a position of

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navigation beacon (about 5 km or 3 mi east of McMurdo NDB), and the McMurdo waypoint that his flight crew had entered into the

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from mid-1981, and the last Air New Zealand DC-10 flew in December 1982. The occurrence also spelled the end of commercially operated

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Thomas James "Jim" Collins (45) was an experienced pilot who had accumulated 11,151 flight hours, including 2,872 hours in the DC-10.

347: 281: 189: 4177: 2879: 2593: 2029: 1891: 4247: 2560: 1951:"AIRCRAFT ACCIDENT REPORT No. 79-139: Air New Zealand McDonnell-Douglas DC10-30 ZK-NZP, Ross Island, Antarctica, 28 November 1979" 1311:, which killed 256 people. At the time of the disaster, it was the fourth-deadliest air crash of all time. As of January 2020 3973: 2786: 1835: 1554: 1140:

Despite Flight 901 crashing in one of the most isolated parts of the world, evidence from the crash site was extensive. Both the

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Stuart Macfarlane, The Erebus papers: edited extracts from the Erebus proceedings with commentary, Auckland, Avon Press, 1991

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The Air New Zealand navigation section changed the McMurdo waypoint co-ordinate stored in the ground computer system around

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Aircraft Accident Report No 79-139 Air New Zealand McDonnell-Douglas DC10-30 ZK-NZP Ross Island Antarctica 28 November 1979

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Following the incident, all charter flights to Antarctica from New Zealand ceased, and were not resumed until 2013, when a

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The accident is the deadliest in the history of Air New Zealand, the deadliest aviation accident in Antarctica and one of

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C.H.N. L'Estrange, The Erebus enquiry: a tragic miscarriage of justice, Auckland, Air Safety League of New Zealand, 1995

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displayed the word "McMurdo", rather than the coordinates of latitude and longitude, for the final waypoint. During the

3162: 1753: 4577: 4482: 4334: 4097: 4017: 3900: 1347: 1264: 292: 3198: 3136: 2289: 2275: 2261: 2247: 2123: 3786:, Office of Air Accidents Investigation, New Zealand Ministry of Transport, Wellington, 1980 (only some parts there) 2994: 2965: 326: 4535: 4476: 4416: 4137: 4107: 3886: 3526: 1501: 1193: 476: 462: 379: 130: 45: 2935: 1006:, stating that the visibility was 40 miles (64 km). Also, six aircraft had been launched to find the flight. 4500: 4494: 4354: 2176: 1223: 426: 418: 405: 4292: 397: 2720: 1908: 4077: 4007: 2895: 1678: 465:

and flown the McMurdo Sound route, unaware that the route flown did not correspond with the approved route.

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flight being slightly late was not unusual, but as time went on, it became clear that something was wrong.

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GPWS = ground proximity warning system; CA = captain; F/E = flight engineer; CAM = cockpit-area microphone

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The memorial for the 16 passengers who were unidentifiable and the 28 whose bodies were never found is at

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under tons of fuselage and wings and much physical effort was required to dig them out and extract them.

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was planned for a second koru capsule, mirroring the first capsule, to be placed at Scott Base in 2011.

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Erebus for Kids–This site is for young school children to provide information about the Erebus Tragedy.

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The crash of Flight 901 is one of New Zealand's three deadliest disasters – the others being the 1874

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suspended its Antarctic flights in February 1980, only returning on a limited basis again in 1994.

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Gregory Mark "Greg" Cassin (37) had accumulated 7,934 flight hours, including 1,361 in the DC-10.

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The phrase "an orchestrated litany of lies" entered New Zealand popular culture for some years.

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did not lock onto the McMurdo Tactical Air Navigation System (TACAN) for any useful period.

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Justice Mahon's report was finally tabled in Parliament by the then-Minister of Transport,

1053:

fragmented state of the human remains that had to be identified to the satisfaction of the

4549: 4391: 4315: 3890: 3784:

Air New Zealand McDonnell-Douglas DC10-30 ZK-NZP, Ross Island, Antarctica 28 November 1979

3022: 1946: 1942: 1616:, another flight which crashed into terrain due to deviation from the planned flight route 1426:

Photograph of the Erebus Memorial at Waikumete Cemetery, Glen Eden, Auckland, January 2014

1231: 1227: 1189: 1158: 989: 985: 578: 469: 401: 308: 269: 140: 2585: 1374:

chartered from Qantas set off from Auckland for a sightseeing flight over the continent.

4401: 4396: 3922: 2549: 1408: 1371: 1209:

the pilots been informed of the flight plan change, the crash would have been avoided.

1183:

plan took the aircraft directly over the mountain, rather than along its flank. Due to

1046: 863: 605: 482: 2778: 1831: 1407:

On 28 November 2019, the 40th anniversary of the disaster, New Zealand Prime Minister

1199:

In his report, Mahon found that airline executives and senior pilots had engaged in a

4571: 4339: 1396:, provides a commentary of the flight, its crash, and the subsequent investigations. 847: 372: 300: 17: 3337:"Strong opposition from residents near site of proposed Mt Erebus national memorial" 1446:, planted as a memorial to the 24 Japanese passengers who died on board Flight 901. 661:. Outside, a layer of clouds blended with the white snow-covered volcano, forming a 4520: 4411: 4344: 1385: 1132:

The flight data recorder and cockpit voice recorder of Air New Zealand Flight 901,

458: 450: 257: 80: 2684: 984:

Air New Zealand Flight 901 has failed to acknowledge radio transmissions. ... One

3934: 3491:"White Silence: The 'gloomy' golf tournament overshadowed by the Erebus disaster" 3461:"Closure of Ombudsman investigation gives confidence in National Erebus Memorial" 3928: 3827:

The Erebus Story – Loss of TE901 (includes Newspaper Articles and Video footage)

1443: 1162: 1157:

The accident report compiled by New Zealand's chief inspector of air accidents,

1101:, MOT, and U.S. Navy personnel were first to leave and then the Police and 927: 815: 443: 288: 261: 3627:"To quote a well-known phrase, there has been 'An orchestrated litany of lies'" 3068:"Families of Erebus victims receive an apology from the Government 40 years on" 1589:, a flight which crashed into terrain after the pilots altered the coordinates. 617:

The crew put the coordinates into the plane's computer before they departed at

4386: 4329: 3918: 3775:(66 Mb file), Wellington, Government Printer, 1981 (Alternate located at 3369: 3016:

Address from Rob Fyfe, Air New Zealand CEO, at Unveiling of Momentum Sculpture

1529:. The episode is titled "Sudden Impact", and was first aired in January 2015. 1352: 1200: 1105:

followed. I am proud of my service and those of my colleagues on Mount Erebus.

1086: 265: 179: 84: 3558: 3110: 3099:"'The time has come': Ardern apologises for New Zealand's worst air disaster" 2909: 2658: 758: 744: 553: 539: 513: 499: 105: 92: 2513:"White Silence: Film captures last images of passengers before Erebus crash" 1636:, TE for international flights (a relic from Air New Zealand's predecessor, 1633: 1359:– Air New Zealand cancelled all its Antarctic flights after Flight 901, and 895: 732: 666: 658: 273: 3925:

YouTube site with programme on the Royal Commission enquiry into the crash.

3548: 3247:"Book Review: "Erebus" – A Brilliant Hybrid That Bears Witness to Tragedy" 2115: 4588:

Airliner accidents and incidents involving controlled flight into terrain

3931:– official New Zealand Ministry for Culture & Heritage memorial site. 2990: 1468:

In 2019, it was announced that a national memorial is to be installed in

1414:

The registration of the crashed aircraft, ZK-NZP, has not been reissued.

1346:

Flight 901 was the third-deadliest accident involving a DC-10, following

287:

The initial investigation concluded the accident was caused primarily by

3883: 3870: 3679:(Sudden Impact ed.). The Weather Channel: NBC Peacock Productions. 3520: 378:

The aircraft used on the Antarctic flights were Air New Zealand's eight

3845:

The original brochure advertising Air New Zealand flights to Antarctica

2813: 1640:(TEAL)) and NZ for domestic flights (acquired from the merger with the 1235: 1054: 430: 422: 641: 3859: 1360: 1319:, the crash remains Air New Zealand's deadliest accident, as well as 1089:

were able to get back on the site. It was immensely exhausting work.

911: 879: 382: 1449:

A memorial to the crew members of Flight 901 is located adjacent to

3307:"Erebus memorial: Hundreds expected to remember the 257 lives lost" 1813: 4284: 1421: 1127: 1034:

The recovery effort of Flight 901 was called "Operation Overdue."

831: 731:

The pilots had begun a terrain escape manoeuvre by applying full (

648: 481: 472: 442:

briefing in which they were given a copy of the previous flight's

325: 3905: 3277:"Erebus losses 'neglected' for too long – victim's family member" 3066:

Fyfe, James; Vezich, Dianna; Quinlivan, Mark (28 November 2019).

2785:. New Zealand Ministry for Culture and Heritage. 15 August 2014. 1595:, a flight of the same number which also collided with a volcano. 3671: 1960:, Office of Air Accidents Investigation, Ministry of Transport. 1457: 1389: 1070: 1022: 4288: 3945: 3401:"Erebus memorial to go ahead despite Ombudsman's investigation" 1384:

In the New Zealand Queen's Birthday Honours list in June 2007,

1238:

before the inquiry to cover up the errors of the ground staff.

1453:, on Tom Pearce Drive at the eastern end of the airport zone. 1042:

officers and a mountain-face rescue team were dispatched on a

4598:

Accidents and incidents involving the McDonnell Douglas DC-10

3610: 1984:. New Zealand History online – archived from nzhistory.net.nz 307:

later ruled that the finding of a conspiracy was a breach of

1519:

The disaster features in the fifth episode of season two of

3826: 735:) power, but it was too late. Six seconds later, the plane 3760:

NZAVA Operation Deep Freeze – The New Zealand Story, 2002.

3364: 3362: 3854:– the official accident report ("The Chippendale Report") 3834:"CVR transcript Air New Zealand Flight 901 - 28 NOV 1979" 3665: 3663: 1976: 1974: 1307:

sailing ship disaster in which 470 people died, and the

3893:–includes previously unpublished images and sound files 3037:"Air New Zealand apology 30 years after Erebus tragedy" 1799: 1937: 1935: 1933: 1931: 4533: 3912:"Jim Tucker: The man who chronicled "Litany of Lies"" 1456:

In January 2010, a 26-kilogram (57 lb) sculpted

1242:

Appeal to the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council

3550:

Erebus: the aftermath. Part 1 (of 2). Part 1 (of 2).

3223:. Air New Zealand. 30 September 2010. Archived from 2290:"US Navy SITREP from 28 November 1979 (page 5 of 5)" 2276:"US Navy SITREP from 28 November 1979 (page 4 of 5)" 2262:"US Navy SITREP from 28 November 1979 (page 3 of 5)" 2248:"US Navy SITREP from 28 November 1979 (page 2 of 5)" 2226:"US Navy SITREP from 28 November 1979 (page 1 of 5)" 346:

for Antarctica, and was scheduled to arrive back at

4451: 4425: 4379: 4363: 4322: 3779:; item number ABVX 7333 W4772/5025/3/79-139 part 3) 3221:"Ballot drawn for Remembrance flight to Antarctica" 2174:Robertson, David. Air NZ likely to switch to 747s. 2052:. Ministry for Culture and Heritage. Archived from 1609:

New Zealand National Airways Corporation Flight 441

1327:sailing ship disaster, which happened south of the 330:

ZK-NZP, the aircraft involved, photographed in 1977

268:, killing all 237 passengers and 20 crew on board. 235: 227: 219: 211: 203: 195: 185: 174: 164: 154: 146: 136: 126: 121: 76: 66: 58: 53: 3935:BBC News: The plane crash that changed New Zealand 1754:"Visitors to Antarctica – There and Back in a Day" 1632:At the time of the crash, Air New Zealand had two 291:, but public outcry led to the establishment of a 3525:(Drama, History), Television New Zealand (TVNZ), 3025:, Air New Zealand press release, 23 October 2009. 2401:. New Zealand Ministry for Culture and Heritage. 1732:"Mt Erebus Plane Crash: DC-10 ZK-NZP, Flight 901" 992:rotary-wing aircraft are preparing to launch for 295:into the crash. The commission, presided over by 276:sightseeing flights since 1977. This flight left 2896:"TE901 debris reappears on icy slopes of Erebus" 1002:Data gathered at 3:43 pm were added to the 4613:Aviation accidents and incidents in New Zealand 3600:"a famous quote from NZs recent political past" 2936:"NZ to resume commercial flights to Antarctica" 1367:when snow recedes, it is visible from the air. 1282: 1256: 1222:On 20 May 1981, Air New Zealand applied to the 1059: 4608:Aviation accidents and incidents in Antarctica 3613:. Citizens for Health Choices. February 2004. 1909:"Derelict plane had its time in the limelight" 1560:List of disasters in New Zealand by death toll 707:"Whoop, whoop. Pull up. Whoop whoop. Pull up." 4300: 3957: 3805:"Antarctic crash crew "misled by management"" 2817:. Wellington. 24 October 2009. Archived from 2544: 2542: 2540: 2538: 2369:"Air New Zealand DC-10 crash into Mt. Erebus" 1806:. New Zealand Institute of Economic Research. 1565:List of disasters in Antarctica by death toll 1334:Flight 901, in conjunction with the crash of 1267:of the Judicial Committee under the chair of 359:. Tickets for the November 1979 flights cost 27:November 1979 aviation accident in Antarctica 8: 2617:"Erebus disaster Page 6 – Finding the cause" 2338:"Tail of Air New Zealand plane at Mt Erebus" 779:and an elevation of 1,467 feet (447 m) 32: 2486:"A dark passage in NZ history – tvnz.co.nz" 1958:Transport Accident Investigation Commission 1204:typically involved in investigating simple 363:per person (equivalent to $ 2167 in 2021). 316:New Zealand's deadliest peacetime disasters 4307: 4293: 4285: 4228:Pakistan International Airlines Flight 740 3964: 3950: 3942: 3829:– New Zealand Air Line Pilots' Association 3370:"National Erebus Memorial Project Updates" 2312:"Erebus flight overdue = NZHistory.net.nz" 1321:New Zealand's deadliest peacetime disaster 1117:New Zealand Special Service Medal (Erebus) 38: 31: 3836:. Aviation Safety Network. Archived from 3638:"Background Comments on the Stent Report" 3189:"Memorial placed at Mt Erebus crash site" 2344:. NZHistory, New Zealand history online. 2216: 2214: 2212: 1161:, was released on 12 June 1980. It cited 4593:Aviation accidents and incidents in 1979 3817:(3757): 1292. 9 May 1981. Archived from 2015: 2013: 1481:2023 Auckland Anniversary Weekend floods 797: 640: 613:Changes to the coordinates and departure 4603:Air New Zealand accidents and incidents 4540: 3097:Roy, Eleanor Ainge (28 November 2019). 2809:"Air NZ apologises for Mt Erebus crash" 2779:"Erebus disaster Page 1 – Introduction" 2721:"Quake will rank among worst disasters" 2694:Te Ara: The Encyclopedia of New Zealand 1664: 1625: 1248:Judicial Committee of the Privy Council 1134:Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa 305:Judicial Committee of the Privy Council 3929:Erebus Memorial: Erebus Memorial Names 3879:NZ Special Service Medal (Erebus) 2006 3763:Operation Overdue–NZAVA Archives 2002. 2228:. Archives New Zealand. Archived from 1995: 1704:from the original on 5 November 2012. 683:"Whoop whoop. Pull up. Whoop whoop..." 437:Circumstances surrounding the accident 425:. Mainland New Zealand was running on 3617:from the original on 22 November 2007 3347:from the original on 28 November 2019 3317:from the original on 28 November 2019 3287:from the original on 28 November 2019 3257:from the original on 28 November 2019 3117:from the original on 28 November 2019 3078:from the original on 28 November 2019 2665:from the original on 10 December 2019 2647:"1981, Peter Mahon: A lesson learned" 2492:from the original on 21 November 2009 2296:from the original on 24 January 2013. 2282:from the original on 24 January 2013. 2268:from the original on 24 January 2013. 2254:from the original on 24 January 2013. 2197:from the original on 24 February 2012 1800:"Consumer Price Index, Annual Growth" 1780:from the original on 24 January 2013. 1760:from the original on 24 January 2013. 1738:from the original on 16 January 2013. 1726: 1724: 1722: 1720: 1718: 1716: 1714: 1670: 1668: 980:released a situation report stating: 7: 3735:from the original on 26 January 2022 3709:from the original on 25 January 2022 3670:Sommers, Caroline (5 January 2015). 3437:. Radio New Zealand. 28 March 2023. 3137:"Waikumete Cemetery Public Memorial" 3047:from the original on 25 October 2009 2997:from the original on 7 November 2012 2946:from the original on 9 December 2018 2840:Aviation Week & Space Technology 2701:from the original on 18 October 2012 2405:from the original on 17 January 2021 2348:from the original on 30 October 2020 2087:from the original on 2 November 2013 2066:Royal Commission Report, para 255(e) 791:Nationalities of passengers and crew 4628:November 1979 events in New Zealand 3471:from the original on 30 August 2023 3465:Ministry for Culture & Heritage 3441:from the original on 30 August 2023 3411:from the original on 30 August 2023 3380:from the original on 30 August 2023 3374:Ministry for Culture & Heritage 3163:"Crew Memorial at Auckland Airport" 2847:from the original on 14 August 2018 2746:Spitzer, Aaron (28 November 1999). 2615:Ministry for Culture and Heritage. 1675:Accident description for ZK-NZP 1492:, and to find a new memorial site. 311:and not supported by the evidence. 4158:Dniprodzerzhynsk mid-air collision 3914:. Stuff/Fairfax. 21 December 2017. 3884:Erebus disaster (NZHistory.net.nz) 3792:, including a section about Erebus 2916:from the original on 11 April 2018 2789:from the original on 30 April 2015 2596:from the original on 26 April 2017 2523:from the original on 24 March 2024 2126:from the original on 21 April 2019 1174:In response to public demand, the 582: 494:on the morning of the flight from 417:All times are as at McMurdo Base: 385:. The aircraft on 28 November was 348:Christchurch International Airport 249:occurred on 28 November 1979 when 190:Christchurch International Airport 25: 4178:Aero Trasporti Italiani Flight 12 3683:from the original on 13 June 2020 3640:. PSA. April 1998. Archived from 3565:from the original on 27 June 2024 3501:from the original on 2 March 2023 3197:. 21 January 2010. Archived from 2105:Royal Commission Report, para 28. 1967:from the original on 26 May 2010. 4555: 4543: 3974:Aviation accidents and incidents 3529:from the original on 19 May 2022 3169:from the original on 13 May 2010 3143:from the original on 13 May 2010 3035:Fox, Michael (23 October 2009). 2993:. stuff.co.nz. 1 December 2008. 2833:North, David M. (12 June 1979). 2727:from the original on 14 May 2018 2627:from the original on 18 May 2017 2566:from the original on 14 May 2015 2466:from the original on 13 May 2010 2375:from the original on 25 May 2006 2318:from the original on 14 May 2010 1884:Emergency; Crisis in the Cockpit 1838:from the original on 26 May 2009 1555:Aviation accidents and incidents 3611:"BREAKING NEWS – FEBRUARY 2004" 2835:"DC-10 Type Certificate Lifted" 1734:. Christchurch City Libraries. 1278:New Zealand Tragedies, Aviation 1021:section of the plane, with the 674:ground proximity warning system 4633:History of the Ross Dependency 4048:Interflug Ilyushin Il-18 crash 3399:White, Mike (5 October 2021). 1907:Price, Mark (24 August 2018). 1681:. Retrieved on 24 August 2011. 1614:Uruguayan Air Force Flight 571 623:Auckland International Airport 340:Auckland International Airport 199:Auckland International Airport 169:Auckland International Airport 71:Controlled flight into terrain 1: 4623:1979 disasters in New Zealand 4258:Turkish Airlines Ankara crash 3703:"Erebus disaster and inquiry" 2433:Rejcek, Peter (2 July 2009). 2423:NZPO1 NZAVA–see Bibliography. 1638:Tasman Empire Airways Limited 1604:Ansett New Zealand Flight 703 1570:Sensory illusions in aviation 1500:The crash coincided with the 1357:Antarctic sightseeing flights 1286:(Mahon's case for a cover-up) 272:had been operating scheduled 4218:American Airlines Flight 444 4198:Western Airlines Flight 2605 4118:American Airlines Flight 293 4088:American Airlines Flight 191 3790:Air New Zealand History Page 2991:"Mahon posthumously awarded" 2191:"Erebus Roll of Remembrance" 1886:. TAB Books. pp. 1–25. 1642:National Airways Corporation 1587:American Airlines Flight 965 1336:American Airlines Flight 191 988:fixed-wing aircraft and two 972:Initial search and discovery 596:distance measuring equipment 463:inertial navigational system 4335:Ansett Transport Industries 4098:Downeast Airlines Flight 46 4018:Air New Zealand Flight 4374 3901:Christchurch City Libraries 1956:. Wellington, New Zealand: 1834:. NZ History. 9 June 2009. 1442:. Beside the memorial is a 1348:Turkish Airlines Flight 981 1309:1931 Hawke's Bay earthquake 1246:Mahon then appealed to the 433:) at the time of the crash. 293:Royal Commission of Inquiry 4649: 4238:Air New Zealand Flight 901 4138:Lufthansa Cargo Flight 527 4108:Air New England Flight 248 2748:"Antarctica's darkest day" 2460:"Captain Vette's Research" 2050:New Zealand History online 2002:: CS1 maint: url-status ( 1700:: 1987. 15 December 1979. 1581:Similar aircraft incidents 1502:Air New Zealand Shell Open 1194:inertial navigation system 669:in front of Mount Erebus. 477:inertial navigation system 416: 380:McDonnell Douglas DC-10-30 335:New Zealand the same day. 251:Air New Zealand Flight 901 131:McDonnell Douglas DC-10-30 33:Air New Zealand Flight 901 4516: 4355:Virgin Australia Holdings 4267: 4248:Mosfellsheiði air crashes 3989: 2180:: 30 November 1979, p. 2. 2177:The Sydney Morning Herald 1882:Stewart, Stanley (1991). 1861:. Whitcoulls Publishers. 1692:"DC-10 playbacks awaited" 1507:A television miniseries, 1331:, en route to Auckland). 1284:They demolished his case 1224:High Court of New Zealand 713:"Go-around power please." 653:Flight path of Flight 901 486:McMurdo Sound, Antarctica 427:New Zealand Daylight Time 419:New Zealand Standard Time 406:Cessna 188 Pacific rescue 37: 3919:Erebus Disaster: Lookout 3897:Erebus Aircraft Accident 2292:. Archives New Zealand. 2278:. Archives New Zealand. 2264:. Archives New Zealand. 2250:. Archives New Zealand. 2046:"Erebus flight briefing" 1153:Official accident report 4452:Incidents and accidents 4128:Garuda Fokker F28 crash 4008:Air Rhodesia Flight 827 2868:McDonnell Douglas DC-10 2866:Endres, Günter (1998). 2150:Aviation Safety Network 2077:"Erebus crash site map" 1982:"Erebus crash site map" 1814:"Consumers Price Index" 1679:Aviation Safety Network 637:Crash into Mount Erebus 3889:21 August 2008 at the 3547:Finlay, Frank (1993), 3194:Television New Zealand 2901:The New Zealand Herald 2872:MBI Publishing Company 2651:The New Zealand Herald 1427: 1297:Legacy of the disaster 1291: 1261: 1176:New Zealand government 1142:cockpit voice recorder 1137: 1113: 759:77.42500°S 167.45833°E 672:At 12:49 pm, the 654: 646: 602:Cockpit voice recorder 565:McMurdo field waypoint 554:77.86667°S 167.05000°E 525:False McMurdo waypoint 487: 455:non-directional beacon 366:Dignitaries including 331: 106:77.42500°S 167.45833°E 3731:. Archives NZ. 2022. 3705:. Archives NZ. 2022. 3522:Erebus: The Aftermath 2020:Mahon, Peter (1984). 1857:Hickson, Ken (1980). 1575:Tourism in Antarctica 1510:Erebus: The Aftermath 1425: 1131: 976:At 2:00 pm, the 719:"Whoop, whoop. Pull-" 652: 644: 485: 375:, stood in as guide. 329: 247:Mount Erebus disaster 178:Non-stop flight over 18:Mount Erebus Disaster 4438:Christchurch Airport 4208:Manises UFO incident 4168:Aeroflot Flight 5484 4058:Quebecair Flight 255 4038:Aeroflot Flight 1691 3810:Flight International 3777:Archives New Zealand 3021:1 March 2010 at the 2966:"About Gordon Vette" 2942:. 5 September 2012. 2723:. 21 February 2011. 1859:Flight 901 to Erebus 1697:Flight International 1539:Archives New Zealand 1490:Parnell Rose Gardens 1470:Parnell Rose Gardens 1444:Japanese cherry tree 1386:Captain Gordon Vette 1146:flight data recorder 1044:No. 40 Squadron 781:above mean sea level 764:-77.42500; 167.45833 701:"Four hundred feet." 689:"Five hundred feet." 559:-77.86667; 167.05000 111:-77.42500; 167.45833 4583:1979 in New Zealand 4323:Former subsidiaries 4276:► 1980 4270:1978 ◄ 4188:Swissair Flight 316 4148:Dan-Air Flight 0034 3840:on 9 December 2012. 3821:on 20 October 2012. 3497:. 1 December 2019. 2821:on 6 November 2012. 2783:New Zealand History 2653:. 18 October 1981. 2621:New Zealand History 2559:. 20 October 1983. 2488:. 23 October 2009. 2447:on 7 February 2011. 2399:New Zealand History 2395:"Operation Overdue" 2056:on 4 November 2013. 1593:Aviateca Flight 901 1523:documentary series 1521:The Weather Channel 1440:Glen Eden, Auckland 1019:vertical stabiliser 967:Rescue and recovery 754: / 549: / 509: / 322:Flight and aircraft 297:Justice Peter Mahon 102: / 34: 4578:1979 in Antarctica 4443:Wellington Airport 4350:Mount Cook Airline 4273: 3227:on 6 December 2010 3201:on 23 January 2010 2586:"The Mahon Report" 2232:on 24 January 2013 2120:planecrashinfo.com 1599:Prinair Flight 277 1496:In popular culture 1436:Waikumete Cemetery 1428: 1379:Maurice Williamson 1138: 1124:Accident inquiries 1040:New Zealand Police 978:United States Navy 655: 647: 583:subsequent inquiry 514:77.883°S 164.800°E 488: 368:Sir Edmund Hillary 332: 127:Aircraft type 4531: 4530: 4282: 4281: 3865:Project Gutenberg 3647:on 7 October 2007 3467:. Manatū Taonga. 3376:. Manatū Taonga. 3253:. 10 April 2015. 2756:The Antarctic Sun 2511:Wright, Michael. 2440:The Antarctic Sun 2342:nzhistory.govt.nz 2156:on 4 January 2011 2022:Verdict on Erebus 1949:(12 June 1980) . 1914:Otago Daily Times 1868:978-0-7233-0641-2 1832:"Erebus disaster" 1485:Cyclone Gabrielle 1329:Cape of Good Hope 1213:Court proceedings 1099:McDonnell Douglas 1030:Operation Overdue 964: 963: 727:End of recording. 243: 242: 16:(Redirected from 4640: 4560: 4559: 4558: 4548: 4547: 4546: 4539: 4523: 4433:Auckland Airport 4407:Boeing 777-300ER 4309: 4302: 4295: 4286: 4274: 4078:SAETA Flight 011 3998:Varig Flight 967 3984: 3983: 3981: 3966: 3959: 3952: 3943: 3915: 3867: 3841: 3822: 3745: 3744: 3742: 3740: 3725: 3719: 3718: 3716: 3714: 3699: 3693: 3692: 3690: 3688: 3678: 3677:(TV Documentary) 3673:Why Planes Crash 3667: 3658: 3656: 3654: 3652: 3646: 3634: 3628: 3626: 3624: 3622: 3607: 3601: 3599: 3597: 3595: 3586:. 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Archived from 2146:"CVR transcript" 2142: 2136: 2135: 2133: 2131: 2112: 2106: 2103: 2097: 2096: 2094: 2092: 2081:NZhistory.net.nz 2073: 2067: 2064: 2058: 2057: 2042: 2036: 2035: 2017: 2008: 2007: 2001: 1993: 1991: 1989: 1978: 1969: 1968: 1966: 1955: 1947:McLachlan, Colin 1943:Chippindale, Ron 1939: 1926: 1925: 1923: 1921: 1904: 1898: 1897: 1879: 1873: 1872: 1854: 1848: 1847: 1845: 1843: 1828: 1822: 1821: 1807: 1792: 1786: 1782: 1781: 1779: 1772: 1762: 1761: 1746: 1740: 1739: 1728: 1709: 1708: 1688: 1682: 1672: 1654: 1651: 1645: 1630: 1533:Official records 1526:Why Planes Crash 1451:Auckland Airport 1388:was awarded the 1340:type certificate 1318: 1316: 1111: 1004:situation report 798: 778: 777: 775: 774: 773: 771: 766: 765: 760: 755: 752: 751: 750: 747: 620: 573: 572: 570: 569: 568: 566: 561: 560: 555: 550: 547: 546: 545: 542: 533: 532: 530: 529: 528: 526: 521: 520: 519:-77.883; 164.800 515: 510: 507: 506: 505: 502: 493: 362: 358: 353: 345: 338:Flight 901 left 278:Auckland Airport 117: 116: 114: 113: 112: 107: 103: 100: 99: 98: 95: 62:28 November 1979 44:Debris from the 42: 35: 21: 4648: 4647: 4643: 4642: 4641: 4639: 4638: 4637: 4568: 4567: 4566: 4556: 4554: 4544: 4542: 4534: 4532: 4527: 4521: 4512: 4447: 4421: 4417:Bombardier Q300 4392:Airbus A320-200 4375: 4359: 4318: 4316:Air New Zealand 4313: 4283: 4278: 4272: 4263: 4262: 4261: 4260: 4255: 4251: 4250: 4245: 4241: 4240: 4235: 4231: 4230: 4225: 4221: 4220: 4215: 4211: 4210: 4205: 4201: 4200: 4195: 4191: 4190: 4185: 4181: 4180: 4175: 4171: 4170: 4165: 4161: 4160: 4155: 4151: 4150: 4145: 4141: 4140: 4135: 4131: 4130: 4125: 4121: 4120: 4115: 4111: 4110: 4105: 4101: 4100: 4095: 4091: 4090: 4085: 4081: 4080: 4075: 4071: 4070: 4065: 4061: 4060: 4055: 4051: 4050: 4045: 4041: 4040: 4035: 4031: 4030: 4028:Alia Flight 600 4025: 4021: 4020: 4015: 4011: 4010: 4005: 4001: 4000: 3995: 3985: 3979: 3977: 3972: 3970: 3910: 3891:Wayback Machine 3857: 3832: 3803: 3800: 3795: 3782:R Chippendale, 3756: 3754:Further reading 3750: 3748: 3738: 3736: 3727: 3726: 3722: 3712: 3710: 3701: 3700: 3696: 3686: 3684: 3676: 3669: 3668: 3661: 3650: 3648: 3644: 3636: 3635: 3631: 3620: 3618: 3609: 3608: 3604: 3593: 3591: 3582: 3581: 3577: 3568: 3566: 3553:, London: BBC, 3546: 3545: 3541: 3532: 3530: 3519: 3518: 3514: 3504: 3502: 3489: 3488: 3484: 3474: 3472: 3459: 3458: 3454: 3444: 3442: 3429: 3428: 3424: 3414: 3412: 3398: 3397: 3393: 3383: 3381: 3368: 3367: 3360: 3350: 3348: 3335: 3334: 3330: 3320: 3318: 3305: 3304: 3300: 3290: 3288: 3275: 3274: 3270: 3260: 3258: 3245: 3244: 3240: 3230: 3228: 3219: 3218: 3214: 3204: 3202: 3187: 3186: 3182: 3172: 3170: 3161: 3160: 3156: 3146: 3144: 3135: 3134: 3130: 3120: 3118: 3096: 3095: 3091: 3081: 3079: 3065: 3064: 3060: 3050: 3048: 3034: 3033: 3029: 3023:Wayback Machine 3014: 3010: 3000: 2998: 2989: 2988: 2984: 2974: 2972: 2964: 2963: 2959: 2949: 2947: 2934: 2933: 2929: 2919: 2917: 2904:. 2 June 2005. 2894: 2893: 2889: 2882: 2865: 2864: 2860: 2850: 2848: 2832: 2831: 2827: 2807: 2806: 2802: 2792: 2790: 2777: 2776: 2772: 2763: 2750: 2745: 2744: 2740: 2730: 2728: 2719: 2718: 2714: 2704: 2702: 2683: 2682: 2678: 2668: 2666: 2645: 2644: 2640: 2630: 2628: 2614: 2613: 2609: 2599: 2597: 2584: 2583: 2579: 2569: 2567: 2563: 2552: 2548: 2547: 2536: 2526: 2524: 2510: 2509: 2505: 2495: 2493: 2484: 2483: 2479: 2469: 2467: 2458: 2457: 2453: 2435:"Erebus Medals" 2432: 2431: 2427: 2422: 2418: 2408: 2406: 2393: 2392: 2388: 2378: 2376: 2366: 2365: 2361: 2351: 2349: 2336: 2335: 2331: 2321: 2319: 2310: 2309: 2305: 2301: 2288: 2287: 2274: 2273: 2260: 2259: 2246: 2245: 2235: 2233: 2224: 2223: 2219: 2210: 2200: 2198: 2189: 2188: 2184: 2173: 2169: 2159: 2157: 2144: 2143: 2139: 2129: 2127: 2114: 2113: 2109: 2104: 2100: 2090: 2088: 2075: 2074: 2070: 2065: 2061: 2044: 2043: 2039: 2032: 2019: 2018: 2011: 1994: 1987: 1985: 1980: 1979: 1972: 1964: 1953: 1941: 1940: 1929: 1919: 1917: 1906: 1905: 1901: 1894: 1881: 1880: 1876: 1869: 1856: 1855: 1851: 1841: 1839: 1830: 1829: 1825: 1812: 1798: 1793: 1789: 1785: 1777: 1770: 1766: 1765: 1752: 1751: 1747: 1743: 1730: 1729: 1712: 1690: 1689: 1685: 1673: 1666: 1662: 1657: 1652: 1648: 1631: 1627: 1623: 1551: 1535: 1498: 1420: 1323:(excluding the 1314: 1312: 1299: 1244: 1232:Court of Appeal 1228:judicial review 1220: 1218:Judicial review 1215: 1190:sector whiteout 1172: 1159:Ron Chippindale 1155: 1126: 1112: 1109: 1032: 974: 969: 793: 769: 767: 763: 761: 757: 756: 753: 748: 745: 743: 741: 740: 663:sector whiteout 639: 618: 615: 579:McMurdo Station 564: 562: 558: 556: 552: 551: 548: 543: 540: 538: 536: 535: 524: 522: 518: 516: 512: 511: 508: 503: 500: 498: 496: 495: 491: 453:to the McMurdo 439: 434: 415: 402:Flight Engineer 360: 356: 351: 343: 324: 309:natural justice 270:Air New Zealand 150:NEW ZEALAND 901 141:Air New Zealand 110: 108: 104: 101: 96: 93: 91: 89: 88: 87: 49: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 4646: 4644: 4636: 4635: 4630: 4625: 4620: 4615: 4610: 4605: 4600: 4595: 4590: 4585: 4580: 4570: 4569: 4565: 4564: 4552: 4529: 4528: 4526: 4525: 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3938: 3937: 3932: 3926: 3923:TV New Zealand 3916: 3908: 3903: 3894: 3881: 3876: 3868: 3855: 3847: 3842: 3830: 3824: 3799: 3798:External links 3796: 3794: 3793: 3787: 3780: 3770: 3767: 3764: 3761: 3757: 3755: 3752: 3747: 3746: 3720: 3694: 3659: 3629: 3602: 3590:on 30 May 2001 3584:"Banshee Reel" 3575: 3539: 3512: 3482: 3452: 3422: 3391: 3358: 3328: 3298: 3268: 3238: 3212: 3180: 3154: 3128: 3089: 3058: 3027: 3008: 2982: 2957: 2927: 2887: 2880: 2870:. Saint Paul: 2858: 2825: 2800: 2770: 2738: 2712: 2676: 2638: 2607: 2577: 2534: 2503: 2477: 2451: 2425: 2416: 2386: 2359: 2329: 2303: 2300: 2299: 2285: 2271: 2257: 2243: 2220: 2208: 2182: 2167: 2137: 2107: 2098: 2068: 2059: 2037: 2030: 2009: 1970: 1927: 1899: 1892: 1874: 1867: 1849: 1823: 1787: 1784: 1783: 1763: 1748: 1741: 1710: 1683: 1663: 1661: 1658: 1656: 1655: 1646: 1624: 1622: 1619: 1618: 1617: 1611: 1606: 1601: 1596: 1590: 1583: 1582: 1578: 1577: 1572: 1567: 1562: 1557: 1550: 1547: 1534: 1531: 1497: 1494: 1419: 1416: 1409:Jacinda Ardern 1372:Boeing 747-400 1298: 1295: 1243: 1240: 1219: 1216: 1214: 1211: 1206:light aircraft 1171: 1168: 1154: 1151: 1125: 1122: 1107: 1047:C-130 Hercules 1031: 1028: 1000: 999: 973: 970: 968: 965: 962: 961: 956: 951: 946: 940: 939: 936: 933: 930: 924: 923: 920: 917: 914: 908: 907: 904: 901: 898: 892: 891: 888: 885: 882: 876: 875: 872: 869: 866: 864:United Kingdom 860: 859: 856: 853: 850: 844: 843: 840: 837: 834: 828: 827: 824: 821: 818: 812: 811: 808: 805: 802: 792: 789: 729: 728: 725: 720: 714: 708: 702: 696: 690: 684: 638: 635: 614: 611: 606:Ross Ice Shelf 438: 435: 414: 411: 323: 320: 241: 240: 237: 233: 232: 229: 225: 224: 221: 217: 216: 213: 209: 208: 205: 201: 200: 197: 193: 192: 187: 183: 182: 176: 172: 171: 166: 162: 161: 158: 152: 151: 148: 144: 143: 138: 134: 133: 128: 124: 123: 119: 118: 78: 74: 73: 68: 64: 63: 60: 56: 55: 51: 50: 43: 26: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 4645: 4634: 4631: 4629: 4626: 4624: 4621: 4619: 4616: 4614: 4611: 4609: 4606: 4604: 4601: 4599: 4596: 4594: 4591: 4589: 4586: 4584: 4581: 4579: 4576: 4575: 4573: 4563: 4553: 4551: 4541: 4537: 4524: 4519: 4518: 4515: 4508: 4505: 4502: 4499: 4496: 4493: 4490: 4487: 4484: 4481: 4478: 4475: 4472: 4469: 4466: 4463: 4460: 4457: 4456: 4454: 4450: 4444: 4441: 4439: 4436: 4434: 4431: 4430: 4428: 4424: 4418: 4415: 4413: 4410: 4408: 4405: 4403: 4400: 4398: 4395: 4393: 4390: 4388: 4385: 4384: 4382: 4378: 4372: 4369: 4368: 4366: 4362: 4356: 4353: 4351: 4348: 4346: 4343: 4341: 4340:Eagle Airways 4338: 4336: 4333: 4331: 4328: 4327: 4325: 4321: 4317: 4310: 4305: 4303: 4298: 4296: 4291: 4290: 4287: 4277: 4271: 4266: 4259: 4249: 4239: 4229: 4219: 4209: 4199: 4189: 4179: 4169: 4159: 4149: 4139: 4129: 4119: 4109: 4099: 4089: 4079: 4069: 4059: 4049: 4039: 4029: 4019: 4009: 3999: 3988: 3975: 3967: 3962: 3960: 3955: 3953: 3948: 3947: 3944: 3940: 3936: 3933: 3930: 3927: 3924: 3920: 3917: 3913: 3909: 3907: 3904: 3902: 3898: 3895: 3892: 3888: 3885: 3882: 3880: 3877: 3875: 3872: 3869: 3866: 3862: 3861: 3856: 3853: 3852: 3848: 3846: 3843: 3839: 3835: 3831: 3828: 3825: 3820: 3816: 3812: 3811: 3806: 3802: 3801: 3797: 3791: 3788: 3785: 3781: 3778: 3774: 3771: 3768: 3765: 3762: 3759: 3758: 3753: 3751: 3734: 3730: 3724: 3721: 3708: 3704: 3698: 3695: 3682: 3675: 3674: 3666: 3664: 3660: 3643: 3639: 3633: 3630: 3616: 3612: 3606: 3603: 3589: 3585: 3579: 3576: 3564: 3560: 3556: 3552: 3551: 3543: 3540: 3528: 3524: 3523: 3516: 3513: 3500: 3496: 3492: 3486: 3483: 3470: 3466: 3462: 3456: 3453: 3440: 3436: 3432: 3426: 3423: 3410: 3406: 3402: 3395: 3392: 3379: 3375: 3371: 3365: 3363: 3359: 3346: 3342: 3338: 3332: 3329: 3316: 3312: 3308: 3302: 3299: 3286: 3282: 3278: 3272: 3269: 3256: 3252: 3251:The Arts Fuse 3248: 3242: 3239: 3226: 3222: 3216: 3213: 3200: 3196: 3195: 3190: 3184: 3181: 3168: 3164: 3158: 3155: 3142: 3138: 3132: 3129: 3116: 3112: 3108: 3104: 3100: 3093: 3090: 3077: 3073: 3069: 3062: 3059: 3046: 3042: 3038: 3031: 3028: 3024: 3020: 3017: 3012: 3009: 2996: 2992: 2986: 2983: 2971: 2967: 2961: 2958: 2945: 2941: 2937: 2931: 2928: 2915: 2911: 2907: 2903: 2902: 2897: 2891: 2888: 2883: 2881:0-7603-0617-6 2877: 2873: 2869: 2862: 2859: 2846: 2842: 2841: 2836: 2829: 2826: 2820: 2816: 2815: 2810: 2804: 2801: 2788: 2784: 2780: 2774: 2771: 2762: 2758: 2757: 2749: 2742: 2739: 2726: 2722: 2716: 2713: 2700: 2696: 2695: 2690: 2688: 2685:"Fire on the 2680: 2677: 2664: 2660: 2656: 2652: 2648: 2642: 2639: 2626: 2622: 2618: 2611: 2608: 2595: 2591: 2587: 2581: 2578: 2562: 2558: 2551: 2545: 2543: 2541: 2539: 2535: 2522: 2518: 2514: 2507: 2504: 2491: 2487: 2481: 2478: 2465: 2461: 2455: 2452: 2446: 2442: 2441: 2436: 2429: 2426: 2420: 2417: 2404: 2400: 2396: 2390: 2387: 2374: 2370: 2363: 2360: 2347: 2343: 2339: 2333: 2330: 2317: 2313: 2307: 2304: 2295: 2291: 2286: 2281: 2277: 2272: 2267: 2263: 2258: 2253: 2249: 2244: 2231: 2227: 2222: 2221: 2217: 2215: 2213: 2209: 2196: 2192: 2186: 2183: 2179: 2178: 2171: 2168: 2155: 2151: 2147: 2141: 2138: 2125: 2121: 2117: 2111: 2108: 2102: 2099: 2086: 2082: 2078: 2072: 2069: 2063: 2060: 2055: 2051: 2047: 2041: 2038: 2033: 2031:0-00-636976-6 2027: 2023: 2016: 2014: 2010: 2005: 1999: 1983: 1977: 1975: 1971: 1963: 1959: 1952: 1948: 1944: 1938: 1936: 1934: 1932: 1928: 1916: 1915: 1910: 1903: 1900: 1895: 1893:9780830634996 1889: 1885: 1878: 1875: 1870: 1864: 1860: 1853: 1850: 1837: 1833: 1827: 1824: 1819: 1815: 1810: 1805: 1801: 1796: 1791: 1788: 1776: 1769: 1764: 1759: 1755: 1750: 1749: 1745: 1742: 1737: 1733: 1727: 1725: 1723: 1721: 1719: 1717: 1715: 1711: 1707: 1703: 1699: 1698: 1693: 1687: 1684: 1680: 1676: 1671: 1669: 1665: 1659: 1650: 1647: 1643: 1639: 1635: 1629: 1626: 1620: 1615: 1612: 1610: 1607: 1605: 1602: 1600: 1597: 1594: 1591: 1588: 1585: 1584: 1580: 1579: 1576: 1573: 1571: 1568: 1566: 1563: 1561: 1558: 1556: 1553: 1552: 1548: 1546: 1542: 1540: 1532: 1530: 1528: 1527: 1522: 1517: 1514: 1512: 1511: 1505: 1503: 1495: 1493: 1491: 1486: 1482: 1479:However, the 1477: 1473: 1471: 1466: 1462: 1459: 1454: 1452: 1447: 1445: 1441: 1437: 1432: 1424: 1417: 1415: 1412: 1410: 1405: 1401: 1397: 1395: 1394:Impact Erebus 1391: 1387: 1382: 1380: 1375: 1373: 1368: 1364: 1362: 1358: 1354: 1349: 1344: 1341: 1337: 1332: 1330: 1326: 1322: 1310: 1306: 1305: 1296: 1294: 1290: 1289:ever existed. 1287: 1281: 1279: 1275: 1270: 1266: 1263:However, the 1260: 1255: 1252: 1249: 1241: 1239: 1237: 1233: 1229: 1225: 1217: 1212: 1210: 1207: 1202: 1197: 1195: 1191: 1186: 1180: 1177: 1170:Mahon inquiry 1169: 1167: 1164: 1160: 1152: 1150: 1147: 1143: 1135: 1130: 1123: 1121: 1118: 1115:In 2006, the 1106: 1104: 1100: 1094: 1090: 1088: 1083: 1078: 1076: 1072: 1067: 1063: 1058: 1056: 1050: 1048: 1045: 1041: 1035: 1029: 1027: 1024: 1020: 1015: 1011: 1007: 1005: 998: 995: 991: 987: 983: 982: 981: 979: 971: 966: 960: 957: 955: 952: 950: 947: 945: 942: 941: 937: 934: 931: 929: 926: 925: 921: 918: 915: 913: 910: 909: 905: 902: 899: 897: 894: 893: 889: 886: 883: 881: 878: 877: 873: 870: 867: 865: 862: 861: 857: 854: 851: 849: 848:United States 846: 845: 841: 838: 835: 833: 830: 829: 825: 822: 819: 817: 814: 813: 809: 806: 803: 800: 799: 796: 790: 788: 784: 782: 776: 770:accident site 738: 734: 726: 724: 721: 718: 715: 712: 709: 706: 703: 700: 697: 695:"...Pull up." 694: 691: 688: 685: 682: 679: 678: 677: 675: 670: 668: 664: 660: 651: 643: 636: 634: 630: 626: 624: 612: 610: 607: 603: 599: 597: 591: 588: 587:Justice Mahon 584: 580: 575: 571: 531: 484: 480: 478: 474: 471: 466: 464: 460: 456: 452: 447: 445: 436: 432: 428: 424: 420: 412: 410: 407: 403: 399: 398:First Officer 395: 391: 388: 384: 381: 376: 374: 373:Peter Mulgrew 369: 364: 349: 341: 336: 328: 321: 319: 317: 312: 310: 306: 302: 301:McMurdo Sound 298: 294: 290: 285: 283: 279: 275: 271: 267: 263: 259: 256: 252: 248: 238: 234: 230: 226: 222: 218: 214: 210: 206: 202: 198: 194: 191: 188: 186:Last stopover 184: 181: 177: 173: 170: 167: 165:Flight origin 163: 159: 157: 153: 149: 145: 142: 139: 135: 132: 129: 125: 120: 115: 86: 82: 79: 75: 72: 69: 65: 61: 57: 52: 47: 41: 36: 30: 19: 4522:Destinations 4488: 4412:Boeing 787-9 4345:Fiji Airways 4237: 3939: 3858: 3850: 3838:the original 3819:the original 3814: 3808: 3749: 3737:. Retrieved 3723: 3711:. Retrieved 3697: 3685:. Retrieved 3672: 3649:. Retrieved 3642:the original 3632: 3619:. Retrieved 3605: 3592:. Retrieved 3588:the original 3578: 3567:, retrieved 3549: 3542: 3531:, retrieved 3521: 3515: 3503:. Retrieved 3494: 3485: 3473:. Retrieved 3464: 3455: 3443:. Retrieved 3434: 3425: 3413:. Retrieved 3404: 3394: 3382:. Retrieved 3373: 3349:. Retrieved 3340: 3331: 3319:. Retrieved 3310: 3301: 3289:. Retrieved 3280: 3271: 3259:. Retrieved 3250: 3241: 3229:. Retrieved 3225:the original 3215: 3203:. Retrieved 3199:the original 3192: 3183: 3171:. Retrieved 3157: 3145:. Retrieved 3131: 3119:. Retrieved 3103:The Guardian 3102: 3092: 3080:. Retrieved 3071: 3061: 3049:. Retrieved 3040: 3030: 3011: 2999:. Retrieved 2985: 2973:. Retrieved 2969: 2960: 2948:. Retrieved 2939: 2930: 2918:. Retrieved 2899: 2890: 2867: 2861: 2849:. Retrieved 2838: 2828: 2819:the original 2812: 2803: 2791:. Retrieved 2782: 2773: 2761:the original 2754: 2741: 2729:. Retrieved 2715: 2703:. 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