1368:
1449:
291:
1398:
1437:
1422:
298:
265:
73:
1410:
258:
1581:
1566:
1551:
1536:
1521:
1506:
1491:
1383:
1353:
1596:
1337:
1479:
1908:
1464:
732:
29:
645:
volcanic activity along the northern slope of the mountain, although there was no eruption. In addition to the 2002 event, a massive collapse of the
Devdaraki Glacier on the mountain's northeastern slope which occurred on August 20, 2014, led to the death of seven people. The glacier collapse dammed
649:
From 24 to 28 May 2019 Caucasus
Skitouring Network organized an expedition to survey Mt. Kazbegi's height. On 27 May 2019 at 12:22 GMT+4, for the first time, a survey team placed a GPS receiver on the Mt. Kazbegi peak. The new height is defined with the WGS 84 datum. Height was determinate with 5mm
1367:
625:), which creeps down the north-eastern slope into a gorge of the same name, reaching a level of 2,295 meters (7,530 feet). Kazbegi's other glaciers include the Mna, Denkara,
1448:
617:
Owing to the steepness of its slopes, the glaciers of Kazbek are not very large. The total combined area of all of Kazbek's glaciers is 135 km. The best-known glacier is the
666:, who was chained on the mountain in punishment for having stolen fire from the gods and giving it to mortals. The location of his imprisonment later became the site of an
1317:
290:
2910:
603:, and has the shape of a double cone, whose base lies at an altitude of 1,770 meters (5,800 feet). Kazbek is the highest of the volcanic cones of the
2925:
1928:
2930:
2114:
1336:
1397:
2940:
2955:
1352:
2935:
2915:
2905:
571:
2,378 meters (7,805 feet). The mountain itself lies along the edge of the
Borjomi–Kazbegi Fault (which is a northern sub-ending of the
2123:
1436:
1322:
667:
100:
700:, also known as "Yosif the Mokhevian", was the first to ascend the mountain peak of Kazbek in the late eighteenth century during the reign of
2920:
1805:
257:
499:
nobleman who lived on it, other claims are it is named after local nobleman
Dimitri Chopikashvili (grand father of the Georgian writer
2900:
2293:
2945:
2049:
1951:
1923:
1409:
2950:
769:
1421:
2107:
1478:
670:
1580:
1565:
1550:
1535:
1520:
1505:
1490:
1382:
93:
2483:
2066:
389:
1595:
592:
2574:
2874:
2100:
461:
1861:
1633:
709:
677:) at approximately the 4,000-meter level. According to legends, this cave housed many sacred relics, including
2701:
2021:
Georgian
Military Road: Local history essay with the appendix of a schematic map of the route and bibliography
2087:
1866:
1712:
717:
701:
689:
504:
2816:
2731:
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1359:
1343:
564:
376:
54:
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572:
64:
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2017:Военно-грузинская дорога: Краеведческий очерк с приложением схематической карты маршрута и библиографии
1989:
1967:
728:
alpinists
Vladimir Kozmin and Maria Preobrazhenskaya, who made the climb nine times starting in 1900.
2736:
2463:
86:
2666:
2358:
2175:
584:
72:
2706:
2258:
2185:
508:
446:
364:
81:
2721:
2458:
2780:
2162:
2157:
2045:
1947:
1801:
1795:
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1622:
1602:
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1557:
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1527:
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1497:
1470:
1455:
1428:
1389:
1374:
516:
500:
460:
Lying at 5,054 meters (16,581 ft) above at sea level, Mount Kazbek is the highest mountain in
450:
330:
2082:
2764:
2646:
2453:
2215:
1703:
1652:
713:
705:
697:
611:
556:
536:
512:
469:
409:
2869:
2864:
2711:
2671:
2610:
2594:
2584:
2338:
2263:
1669:
765:
576:
528:
2579:
2423:
2147:
2137:
1747:
724:
climbers, among them Tsogol
Buzurtanov (son of Yosif Buzurtanov). They were followed by
2681:
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2313:
607:
353:
2894:
2854:
2661:
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2478:
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2378:
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2220:
1919:
1914:
1179:
753:
693:
634:
630:
480:
and is the most prominent geographic feature of the area. The last eruption occurred
477:
438:
381:
360:
756:. Many of the plants and animals in the reserve are endemic to the Caucasus region.
2834:
2554:
2534:
2508:
2503:
2498:
2333:
2228:
2180:
745:
638:
568:
473:
417:
404:
2328:
2092:
2879:
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2756:
2691:
2656:
2518:
2398:
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2373:
2323:
2205:
2152:
1771:
560:
552:
1856:
646:
the Terek River in the Daryal Gorge and flooded the
Georgian Military Highway.
2849:
2772:
2716:
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2438:
2383:
2348:
2318:
2303:
2280:
2271:
2170:
2142:
663:
588:
580:
115:
102:
2785:
2513:
2418:
2403:
2343:
2074:
674:
642:
622:
618:
496:
2363:
731:
28:
2859:
2826:
2726:
2696:
2686:
2641:
2493:
2448:
2443:
596:
442:
1932:. Vol. 15 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 685.
472:). Kazbegi is the second-highest volcanic summit in the Caucasus, after
2808:
2589:
2544:
2539:
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2468:
2413:
2408:
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2024:
721:
678:
659:
626:
604:
524:
465:
2636:
2626:
2428:
2368:
2041:
744:
The area around Mount
Kazbegi was designated a nature reserve by the
725:
454:
335:
44:
2798:
2790:
2248:
2210:
1913:
This article incorporates text from a publication now in the
749:
730:
682:
495:
The name
Kazbegi is disputed; some claims are it is named after a
1748:"European Russia and the Caucasian States: Ultra-Prominence Page"
600:
464:. It is also the third-highest peak in the country (after Mount
2096:
559:
Range, and which is pierced by the gorges of the Ardon and the
1819:
1817:
2083:
Normal climbing route to Mount Kazbek – detailed description
1834:
1832:
2038:
A word about the native land (Notes of a local historian)
2088:
Different ways to climb mt Kazbek – detailed description
779:
Climate data for Kazbek, 1759 m asl (1981–2010 normals)
503:) who was given the title of "Kazbeg" by Georgian king
277:
Location of Mount Kazbegi within the Caucasus Mountains
1697:
658:
Mount Kazbegi is associated in Georgian folklore with
476:. The summit lies directly to the west of the town of
213:
165:
148:
1717:
1663:
229:
181:
1680:
197:
2825:
2745:
2619:
2563:
2527:
2289:
2237:
2194:
2130:
416:
403:
398:
388:
375:
370:
352:
344:
323:
244:
136:
131:
92:
80:
63:
53:
43:
38:
21:
1318:List of highest points of Russian federal subjects
515:in the 17th century. The name of the mountain in
591:system also surrounds the mountain. Kazbek is a
704:, though, officially, this occurred in 1868 by
641:and Kazbegi in the year 2002 was attributed to
1642:
1626:
208:
160:
143:
2108:
224:
176:
8:
1944:Georgia: A Sovereign Country of the Caucasus
1823:
192:
1887:A Comprehensive Georgian-English Dictionary
555:, a mountain range which runs north of the
2115:
2101:
2093:
2027:: Госиздат Грузинской ССР. pp. 1–250.
1838:
1742:
1740:
1738:
775:
583:occurring at regular intervals. An active
507:. The word "Kazbek" means a "nobleman" in
71:
18:
1946:. Odyssey Publications: Hong Kong. 1999.
633:, and Chata. The recent collapse of the
511:. The title appeared under Georgian king
2044:: Чеч.-Инг. кн. изд-во. pp. 1–149.
1901:
1899:
1897:
1895:
1800:. ОЛМА Медиа Групп. 1974. p. 168.
1734:
1615:
1332:
650:accuracy. Defined height is 5053.927m.
2034:Слово о родном крае (Записки краеведа)
1323:List of volcanoes in Georgia (country)
1851:
1849:
1847:
1358:Mount Kazbek from the outside of the
681:'s tent and the manger of the infant
7:
1885:"მყინვარი", Donald Rayfield et al.,
673:located in a cave called "Betlemi" (
527:Peak" or "Freezing Cold Peak". The
69:113.6 km (70.6 mi)
14:
2931:International mountains of Europe
2911:Mountains of North Ossetia–Alania
748:government in 1979, and includes
2941:Five-thousanders of the Caucasus
1906:
1594:
1579:
1564:
1549:
1534:
1519:
1504:
1489:
1484:Crevasses of the Gergeti Glacier
1477:
1462:
1447:
1442:Crevasses of the Gergeti Glacier
1435:
1420:
1408:
1403:Crevasses of the Gergeti Glacier
1396:
1381:
1366:
1351:
1335:
735:Mount Kazbek in Kazbegi, Georgia
453:, just south of the border with
296:
289:
263:
256:
27:
2956:Stratovolcanoes of the Caucasus
2926:Georgia (country)–Russia border
2124:Ultra-prominent peaks of Europe
1990:"Météo Climat stats for Kazbek"
752:forests, subalpine forests and
575:). The region is highly active
563:. At its eastern foot runs the
297:
264:
2936:Geography of Mtskheta-Mtianeti
2916:Volcanoes of Georgia (country)
2906:Mountains of Mtskheta-Mtianeti
1656:
1638:
637:, located in a valley between
543:translates as "Molten Mount".
280:Show map of Caucasus Mountains
1:
1415:Kazbegi Mountain, August 2019
1342:19th-century postcard of the
1299:Source 1: Météo climat stats
481:
313:Show map of Mtskheta-Mtianeti
49:5,054 m (16,581 ft)
2921:Potentially active volcanoes
1968:"Moyennes 1981-2010 Géorgie"
1681:
198:
59:2,353 m (7,720 ft)
16:Volcanic mountain in Georgia
2015:Арджеванидзе, И.А. (1954).
1718:
1698:
1664:
1252:Average precipitation days
1038:Mean daily minimum °C (°F)
898:Mean daily maximum °C (°F)
310:Kazbegi (Mtskheta-Mtianeti)
230:
214:
182:
166:
149:
2972:
1673:
1303:
1298:
778:
764:Mount Kazbek summit has a
662:, the Georgian version of
593:potentially active volcano
193:
2901:Stratovolcanoes of Russia
2875:Mount Addala-Shukhgelmeer
2032:Дахкильгов, Ш.Э. (1989).
1707:
1690:
1643:
1627:
1251:
1177:
1107:
1037:
967:
897:
827:
822:
819:
816:
813:
810:
807:
804:
801:
798:
795:
792:
789:
786:
783:
551:Kazbek is located on the
249:
225:
209:
177:
161:
144:
26:
2946:Holocene stratovolcanoes
2131:Scandinavia & Arctic
1862:Global Volcanism Program
1304:Source 2: Météo Climat
2951:Stratovolcanoes of Asia
1929:Encyclopædia Britannica
1867:Smithsonian Institution
712:, and C. Tucker of the
702:Heraclius II of Georgia
690:Prince Ioane of Georgia
2484:Grande Tête de l'Obiou
2254:Roque de los Muchachos
1772:"Gora Kazbek, Georgia"
1360:Gergeti Trinity Church
1344:Georgian Military Road
740:Kazbegi nature reserve
736:
579:, with numerous small
565:Georgian Military Road
2746:Mediterranean islands
2429:Grigna Settentrionale
766:polar ice cap climate
734:
614:(3,142 metres).
573:North Anatolian Fault
441:and one of the major
116:42.69917°N 44.51833°E
2040:] (in Russian).
2023:] (in Russian).
828:Record high °C (°F)
718:François Devouassoud
610:which also includes
424:Basic snow/ice climb
2795:Other Greek islands
1108:Record low °C (°F)
968:Daily mean °C (°F)
412:(late 18th century)
112: /
2259:Pico de las Nieves
2186:Mount Kruzenshtern
1346:near Mount Kazbegi
737:
720:, guided by local
599:and sheathed with
509:Kabardian language
501:Aleksandre Kazbegi
491:Origin of the name
394:750 BCE ± 50 years
348:Russia and Georgia
121:42.69917; 44.51833
39:Highest point
2888:
2887:
2575:Gerlachovský štít
2297:
2158:Store Lenangstind
1824:Арджеванидзе 1954
1807:978-5-94849-423-4
1716:
1696:
1679:
1662:
1308:
1307:
716:, with the guide
523:, translates to "
428:
427:
2963:
2765:Punta La Marmora
2595:Pietrosul Rodnei
2545:Serra Dolcedorme
2359:Barre des Écrins
2291:
2238:Atlantic islands
2216:Torre de Cerredo
2176:Hvannadalshnúkur
2117:
2110:
2103:
2094:
2078:
2073:. Archived from
2055:
2028:
2002:
2001:
1999:
1997:
1986:
1980:
1979:
1977:
1975:
1964:
1958:
1957:
1940:
1934:
1933:
1912:
1910:
1909:
1903:
1890:
1883:
1877:
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1853:
1842:
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1827:
1821:
1812:
1811:
1792:
1786:
1785:
1783:
1782:
1768:
1762:
1761:
1759:
1758:
1744:
1722:
1721:
1711:
1709:
1701:
1695:romanized:
1694:
1692:
1684:
1678:romanized:
1677:
1675:
1667:
1661:romanized:
1660:
1658:
1646:
1645:
1640:
1637:
1630:
1629:
1620:
1598:
1583:
1568:
1553:
1538:
1523:
1508:
1493:
1481:
1466:
1451:
1439:
1424:
1412:
1400:
1385:
1370:
1355:
1339:
1255:
776:
706:D. W. Freshfield
698:Yosif Buzurtanov
612:Mount Khabarjina
557:Greater Caucasus
486:
483:
420:
410:Yosif Buzurtanov
356:
314:
300:
299:
293:
281:
267:
266:
260:
237:
228:
227:
221:
212:
211:
205:
196:
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127:
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117:
113:
110:
109:
108:
105:
76:
75:
31:
19:
2971:
2970:
2966:
2965:
2964:
2962:
2961:
2960:
2891:
2890:
2889:
2884:
2865:Mount Dyultydag
2821:
2741:
2615:
2559:
2523:
2459:Jôf di Montasio
2339:Hoher Dachstein
2285:
2233:
2190:
2126:
2121:
2065:
2062:
2052:
2031:
2014:
2011:
2006:
2005:
1995:
1993:
1988:
1987:
1983:
1973:
1971:
1966:
1965:
1961:
1954:
1942:
1941:
1937:
1922:, ed. (1911). "
1918:
1907:
1905:
1904:
1893:
1884:
1880:
1871:
1869:
1855:
1854:
1845:
1839:Дахкильгов 1989
1837:
1830:
1822:
1815:
1808:
1794:
1793:
1789:
1780:
1778:
1770:
1769:
1765:
1756:
1754:
1746:
1745:
1736:
1731:
1726:
1725:
1639:mq'invarts'veri
1632:
1621:
1617:
1612:
1605:
1599:
1590:
1584:
1575:
1569:
1560:
1554:
1545:
1539:
1530:
1524:
1515:
1509:
1500:
1494:
1485:
1482:
1473:
1467:
1458:
1452:
1443:
1440:
1431:
1425:
1416:
1413:
1404:
1401:
1392:
1386:
1377:
1371:
1362:
1356:
1347:
1340:
1331:
1314:
1309:
1253:
1246:
1241:
1236:
1231:
1226:
1221:
1216:
1211:
1206:
1201:
1196:
1191:
1186:
1172:
1167:
1162:
1157:
1152:
1147:
1142:
1137:
1132:
1127:
1122:
1117:
1112:
1102:
1097:
1092:
1087:
1082:
1077:
1072:
1067:
1062:
1057:
1052:
1047:
1042:
1032:
1027:
1022:
1017:
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1007:
1002:
997:
992:
987:
982:
977:
972:
962:
957:
952:
947:
942:
937:
932:
927:
922:
917:
912:
907:
902:
892:
887:
882:
877:
872:
867:
862:
857:
852:
847:
842:
837:
832:
762:
742:
656:
549:
493:
484:
462:Eastern Georgia
418:
363:
354:
340:
319:
318:
317:
316:
315:
312:
311:
308:
307:
306:
305:
301:
284:
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279:
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275:
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268:
240:
120:
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106:
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101:
99:
98:
70:
34:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2969:
2967:
2959:
2958:
2953:
2948:
2943:
2938:
2933:
2928:
2923:
2918:
2913:
2908:
2903:
2893:
2892:
2886:
2885:
2883:
2882:
2877:
2872:
2867:
2862:
2857:
2852:
2847:
2842:
2837:
2831:
2829:
2823:
2822:
2820:
2819:
2806:
2801:
2788:
2783:
2749:
2747:
2743:
2742:
2740:
2739:
2734:
2729:
2724:
2719:
2714:
2709:
2704:
2699:
2694:
2689:
2684:
2679:
2677:Pangaion Hills
2674:
2669:
2664:
2659:
2654:
2649:
2644:
2639:
2634:
2629:
2623:
2621:
2617:
2616:
2614:
2613:
2592:
2587:
2582:
2577:
2567:
2565:
2564:Eastern Europe
2561:
2560:
2558:
2557:
2552:
2547:
2542:
2537:
2531:
2529:
2525:
2524:
2522:
2521:
2516:
2511:
2506:
2501:
2496:
2491:
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2471:
2466:
2461:
2456:
2451:
2446:
2441:
2436:
2431:
2426:
2421:
2416:
2411:
2406:
2401:
2396:
2391:
2386:
2381:
2376:
2371:
2366:
2361:
2356:
2351:
2346:
2341:
2336:
2331:
2326:
2321:
2316:
2314:Finsteraarhorn
2311:
2306:
2300:
2298:
2287:
2286:
2284:
2283:
2274:
2261:
2256:
2251:
2241:
2239:
2235:
2234:
2232:
2231:
2225:Massif Central
2218:
2213:
2208:
2198:
2196:
2195:Western Europe
2192:
2191:
2189:
2188:
2183:
2178:
2173:
2160:
2155:
2150:
2145:
2140:
2134:
2132:
2128:
2127:
2122:
2120:
2119:
2112:
2105:
2097:
2091:
2090:
2085:
2080:
2077:on 2016-03-04.
2067:"Mount Kazbek"
2061:
2060:External links
2058:
2057:
2056:
2050:
2029:
2010:
2007:
2004:
2003:
1992:. Météo Climat
1981:
1959:
1952:
1935:
1920:Chisholm, Hugh
1891:
1878:
1843:
1828:
1826:, p. 227.
1813:
1806:
1787:
1776:Peakbagger.com
1763:
1733:
1732:
1730:
1727:
1724:
1723:
1614:
1613:
1611:
1608:
1607:
1606:
1601:Mount Kazbek,
1600:
1593:
1591:
1586:Mount Kazbek,
1585:
1578:
1576:
1571:Mount Kazbek,
1570:
1563:
1561:
1556:Mount Kazbek,
1555:
1548:
1546:
1541:Mount Kazbek,
1540:
1533:
1531:
1526:Mount Kazbek,
1525:
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1510:
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1496:Mount Kazbek,
1495:
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1469:Mount Kazbek,
1468:
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1454:Mount Kazbek,
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1427:Mount Kazbek,
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754:alpine meadows
741:
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608:volcanic group
595:, built up of
569:pass of Darial
548:
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485: 750 BCE
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2477:
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2474:Birkkarspitze
2472:
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2454:Pointe Percée
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2379:Gran Paradiso
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2051:5-7666-0023-2
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1180:precipitation
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688:According to
686:
684:
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676:
672:
669:
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644:
640:
636:
635:Kolka Glacier
632:
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521:Mqinvartsveri
518:
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506:
502:
498:
490:
488:
479:
478:Stepantsminda
475:
471:
467:
463:
458:
456:
452:
449:, located in
448:
444:
440:
439:stratovolcano
437:is a dormant
436:
435:Mount Kazbegi
432:
423:
421:
419:Easiest route
415:
411:
408:
406:
402:
397:
393:
391:
390:Last eruption
387:
383:
382:Stratovolcano
380:
378:
377:Mountain type
374:
369:
366:
362:
361:Lateral Range
359:
357:
351:
347:
343:
337:
334:
332:
329:
328:
326:
322:
292:
259:
248:
243:
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223:
220:
218:
207:
204:
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191:
188:
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175:
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159:
155:
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152:Mqinvartsveri
142:
141:
139:
135:
130:
125:
97:
95:
91:
88:
85:
83:
79:
74:
68:
66:
62:
58:
56:
52:
48:
46:
42:
37:
33:Mount Kazbegi
30:
25:
22:Mount Kazbegi
20:
2844:
2812:
2794:
2776:
2768:
2760:
2752:
2737:Psili Koryfi
2606:
2598:
2580:Parângu Mare
2570:
2535:Corno Grande
2509:Zirbitzkogel
2499:Grand Combin
2424:Großer Priel
2334:Dufourspitze
2276:
2267:
2244:
2229:Puy de Sancy
2224:
2201:
2181:Newtontoppen
2166:
2148:Jiehkkevárri
2138:Galdhøpiggen
2075:the original
2071:Peakware.com
2070:
2037:
2033:
2020:
2016:
1994:. Retrieved
1984:
1972:. Retrieved
1962:
1943:
1938:
1927:
1886:
1881:
1870:. Retrieved
1860:
1796:
1790:
1779:. Retrieved
1775:
1766:
1755:. Retrieved
1752:peaklist.org
1751:
1648:
1628:მყინვარწვერი
1618:
1182:mm (inches)
763:
743:
696:mountaineer
687:
657:
648:
616:
577:tectonically
567:through the
550:
540:
532:
520:
494:
474:Mount Elbrus
459:
434:
431:Mount Kazbek
430:
429:
405:First ascent
355:Parent range
232:
216:
200:
184:
168:
151:
145:მყინვარწვერი
2682:Kajmakčalan
2571:Carpathians
2519:Cima Brenta
2399:Chamechaude
2389:Cima Dodici
2163:Sarektjåkkå
1996:11 November
1974:11 November
1970:(in French)
1797:Страны Мира
714:Alpine Club
710:A. W. Moore
581:earthquakes
553:Khokh Range
137:Native name
119: /
94:Coordinates
2895:Categories
2850:Tebulosmta
2702:Këndrevica
2603:Roman-Kosh
2585:Moldoveanu
2439:Presanella
2319:Wildspitze
2304:Mont Blanc
2171:Beerenberg
2167:On islands
2143:Kebnekaise
1872:2021-06-24
1781:2015-05-25
1757:2014-05-25
1729:References
722:Gveletians
664:Prometheus
639:Mt. Jimara
589:hot spring
585:geothermal
497:Circassian
107:44°31′06″E
104:42°41′57″N
55:Prominence
2870:Kaputjugh
2840:Bazardüzü
2786:Lefka Ori
2712:Parnassus
2611:Narodnaya
2528:Apennines
2504:Tournette
2419:Grintovec
2404:Zugspitze
2344:Marmolada
2329:Hochkönig
1713:romanized
1634:romanized
675:Bethlehem
671:hermitage
643:solfatara
623:Devdaraki
619:Dyevdorak
505:Erekle II
443:mountains
384:(dormant)
345:Countries
245:Geography
65:Isolation
45:Elevation
2860:Dykh-Tau
2827:Caucasus
2811:—
2797::
2793:—
2775:—
2767:—
2761:Sardinia
2759:—
2727:Valamara
2697:Jakupica
2687:Smolikas
2642:Taygetus
2605:—
2597:—
2550:Montalto
2494:Grimming
2449:Col Nudo
2444:Birnhorn
2266:—
2245:Canaries
2223:—
2221:Almanzor
2206:Mulhacén
2165:—
2153:Snøhetta
2079:– photos
1857:"Kazbek"
1687:Ossetian
1682:Beshloam
1649:q'azbegi
1623:Georgian
1312:See also
1247:(39.75)
1178:Average
1113:(−12.8)
668:Orthodox
597:trachyte
547:Location
533:Beshloam
517:Georgian
447:Caucasus
399:Climbing
365:Caucasus
324:Location
201:Beshloam
2855:Aragats
2817:Olympus
2815::
2809:Fengari
2779::
2771::
2763::
2755::
2753:Corsica
2707:Radomir
2672:Papingu
2662:Kyllini
2652:Jezercë
2632:Olympus
2620:Balkans
2609::
2601::
2590:Peleaga
2573::
2489:Hochtor
2464:Polinik
2434:Bondone
2414:Arcalod
2409:Antelao
2354:Triglav
2324:Bernina
2279::
2277:Madeira
2270::
2264:Malpaso
2247::
2227::
2204::
2169::
2025:Tbilisi
2009:Sources
1917::
1715::
1704:Russian
1674:Бешлоам
1665:Bashlam
1653:Chechen
1644:ყაზბეგი
1603:Georgia
1588:Georgia
1573:Georgia
1558:Georgia
1543:Georgia
1528:Georgia
1513:Georgia
1498:Georgia
1471:Georgia
1456:Georgia
1429:Georgia
1390:Georgia
1375:Georgia
1329:Gallery
1245:1,009.9
1242:(2.91)
1237:(4.21)
1232:(3.23)
1227:(2.58)
1222:(3.93)
1217:(3.81)
1212:(2.96)
1207:(4.85)
1202:(2.89)
1197:(2.24)
1192:(2.68)
1187:(3.46)
1138:(11.8)
1128:(−4.7)
1103:(18.9)
1093:(15.4)
1088:(19.4)
1083:(31.6)
1078:(37.4)
1073:(36.1)
1068:(29.5)
1063:(23.4)
1058:(14.7)
1033:(24.2)
1028:(12.7)
1023:(21.2)
1018:(25.0)
1013:(35.8)
1008:(41.9)
1003:(40.3)
998:(35.1)
993:(27.5)
988:(20.5)
983:(13.6)
963:(29.4)
958:(19.6)
953:(27.0)
948:(30.9)
943:(39.9)
938:(46.2)
933:(44.4)
928:(40.5)
923:(31.6)
918:(26.1)
913:(18.9)
908:(15.8)
903:(12.4)
893:(69.8)
888:(46.4)
883:(58.5)
878:(47.8)
873:(59.0)
868:(69.8)
863:(68.0)
858:(57.2)
853:(46.0)
848:(46.4)
843:(35.6)
838:(46.4)
833:(29.3)
760:Climate
726:Russian
679:Abraham
660:Amirani
627:Gergeti
605:Kazbegi
541:Bashlam
537:Chechen
525:Glacier
466:Shkhara
451:Georgia
445:of the
371:Geology
331:Georgia
304:Kazbegi
271:Kazbegi
194:Бешлоам
185:Bashlam
169:Kazbegi
162:ყაზბეგი
82:Listing
2845:Kazbek
2835:Elbrus
2813:Cyprus
2769:Sicily
2637:Vihren
2627:Musala
2599:Crimea
2555:Cimone
2369:Ortler
2364:Säntis
2268:Azores
2048:
2042:Grozny
1950:
1924:Kasbek
1911:
1889:(2006)
1804:
1719:Kazbek
1708:Казбек
1670:Ingush
1657:Башлам
1625::
1173:(−18)
1168:(−17)
1123:(−18)
1118:(−18)
1098:(6.1)
1053:(8.6)
1048:(3.9)
1043:(1.2)
978:(9.9)
973:(6.8)
784:Month
772:: EF).
770:Köppen
746:Soviet
694:Ingush
654:Legend
529:Ingush
513:Rostom
455:Russia
336:Russia
233:Kazbek
226:Казбек
178:Башлам
132:Naming
2880:Shani
2804:Ainos
2799:Dirfi
2791:Dikti
2777:Crete
2757:Cinto
2717:Botev
2692:Giona
2657:Athos
2647:Korab
2607:Urals
2540:Amaro
2514:Kesch
2374:Baldo
2290:Alps
2281:Ruivo
2249:Teide
2211:Aneto
2202:Spain
2036:[
2019:[
1610:Notes
1288:10.0
1285:10.3
1282:10.0
1276:10.6
1273:11.6
1270:13.6
1235:107.0
1205:123.3
1148:(23)
1143:(25)
1136:−11.2
1133:(12)
1126:−20.4
1111:−24.9
1096:−14.4
1051:−13.0
1046:−15.6
1041:−17.1
1026:−10.7
981:−10.2
976:−12.3
971:−14.0
901:−10.9
823:Year
750:beech
683:Jesus
631:Abano
561:Terek
539:name
531:name
470:Janga
87:Ultra
2773:Etna
2732:Baba
2722:Çika
2667:Ossa
2469:Tödi
2384:Coca
2349:Viso
2294:List
2272:Pico
2046:ISBN
1998:2019
1976:2019
1948:ISBN
1802:ISBN
1699:Sæna
1691:Сӕна
1294:114
1291:8.3
1279:8.7
1267:9.4
1264:6.9
1261:6.5
1258:8.1
1240:73.8
1230:82.0
1225:65.5
1220:99.8
1215:96.9
1210:75.3
1200:73.4
1195:56.8
1190:68.1
1185:88.0
1163:(0)
1158:(3)
1153:(7)
1101:−7.3
1091:−9.2
1086:−7.0
1081:−0.2
1066:−1.4
1061:−4.8
1056:−9.6
1031:−4.3
1021:−6.0
1016:−3.9
991:−2.5
986:−6.4
961:−1.4
956:−6.9
951:−2.8
946:−0.6
921:−0.2
916:−3.3
911:−7.3
906:−9.0
891:21.0
881:14.7
871:15.0
866:21.0
861:20.0
856:14.0
831:−1.5
820:Dec
817:Nov
814:Oct
811:Sep
808:Aug
805:Jul
802:Jun
799:May
796:Apr
793:Mar
790:Feb
787:Jan
601:lava
535:and
468:and
217:Sæna
210:Сӕна
2781:Ida
1926:".
1171:−28
1166:−27
1161:−18
1156:−16
1151:−14
1131:−11
1121:−28
1116:−28
1076:3.0
1071:2.3
1011:2.1
1006:5.5
1001:4.6
996:1.7
941:4.4
936:7.9
931:6.9
926:4.7
886:8.0
876:8.8
851:7.8
846:8.0
841:2.0
836:8.0
433:or
2897::
2069:.
1894:^
1865:.
1859:.
1846:^
1831:^
1816:^
1774:.
1750:.
1737:^
1710:,
1706::
1702:;
1693:,
1689::
1685:;
1676:,
1672::
1668:;
1659:,
1655::
1651:;
1641:,
1631:,
1146:−5
1141:−4
708:,
692:,
685:.
629:,
519:,
487:.
482:c.
457:.
2296:)
2292:(
2116:e
2109:t
2102:v
2054:.
2000:.
1978:.
1956:.
1875:.
1810:.
1784:.
1760:.
1636::
768:(
621:(
587:/
235:)
231:(
219:)
215:(
203:)
199:(
187:)
183:(
171:)
167:(
157:,
154:)
150:(
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