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exists since 1921 in the Dutch part of the hill. The quarrying of limestone in a protected nature area was controversial for many years but for economic reasons ENCI was able to extract most of the mount's limestone, creating a vast area of connected quarries. In 2010 it was decided that by 2018 the
887:
The imposing fortress Sint-Pieter on the northern edge of the hill overlooking the city of
Maastricht was built in 1702 as part of the defense works of the heavily fortified city of Maastricht. The fortress was recently restored to reflect its original state. The old village of
276:), the canal cuts through the ridge over a length of 1,300 metres (4,300 ft) and 65 metres (213 ft) deep. The Lanaye locks at the eastern end of the cut permit boats to pass from the upper Meuse and the Albert Canal to the lower Meuse and
432:(1931–35), a major artillery defence point in the Belgian defences against any invading forces coming from Nazi Germany. At the opening of the war, the entire installation was taken quickly by a relatively small number of German paratroopers.
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quarry will close down. Various plans for redevelopment of both the quarry and the factory site have been presented in recent years. Parts of the quarry that were abandoned years ago have been taken over by nature once again.
438:
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583:, other sections are well-preserved. Guided tours of these limestone quarries, some with ancient inscriptions, drawings and other works of art, constitute one of Maastricht's main tourist attractions.
859:
428:
From 1930 through 1939 the Albert Canal was constructed, cutting through parts of Mount Saint Peter. The first ships went through in 1940. The hill's strategic location made it the site of
904:
Slavante
Monastery can be seen, including a small baroque chapel dedicated to Saint Anthony. Nearby, an elegant pavilion, 'Casino' Slavante, was built in 1846 by a Maastricht military
563:
has been quarried in the area for building stone and fertilizer for many centuries. Several of
Maastricht's medieval churches were built from local stone, incorrectly referred to as
1081:
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protection area. Because of its limestone soil, the hill is exceptional in its botanical variety. It is the northern limit for a number of species of orchids due to its favorable
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several castles were built on the hill, of which various ruins remain. The hill was favoured by attackers during the various sieges of
Maastricht, most notably by
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production. Abandoned quarries in the
Belgian part of the hill are used to dispose of ashes from municipal waste incinerators. A large
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Archaeology in
Confrontation: Aspects of Roman Military Presence in the Northwest (Studies in Honour of Prof. Em. Hugo Thoen)
354:
evidence was once thought to count against this proposal, but more recent review of the evidence has reinvigorated the idea.
303:. These days, Mount Saint Peter is considered an important nature reserve, as well as an area for recreation and tourism.
893:
347:
71:
1262:
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571:). The quarrying of limestone has created a vast network of subterranean corridors, also incorrectly referred to as
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At Mount Saint Peter the rivers Geer and Meuse have cut into the limestone plateau known in the east as the
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extended 200 kilometres (120 mi) by the 19th century but was severely shortened in the 20th century by
28:
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nodules and its geographic position make it a remarkable place. The locale has been mined for flint since
280:
basin. To the east of these locks the Meuse has altered its course, creating backwaters and old channels.
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The Dutch part of the plateau is largely owned by the Dutch society for preservation of nature monuments
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In modern times limestone from Mount Saint Peter continues to be quarried in surface mines, mainly for
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has been found. The fortress is one of the strongest contenders for being identified as the fortress
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fossil was found between 1770 and 1774 but was confiscated by the French in 1794 and is now in the
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662:. An abandoned part of the ENCI quarry has become in recent years the breeding ground of the
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and the
Netherlands. The name of the hill, as well as the nearby village and church of
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building by architect Jules Kayser. South of the village remnants of the 17th-century
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can be detected in the landscape. On the northeastern section, now overlooking the
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670:(pronounced: uhu). Mount Saint Peter supports the richest environment for bats in
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until 1794. The medieval church was replaced in the 19th century by the present
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369:. As a result of this, the fortress Sint-Pieter was built on the northern edge.
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Information about the Mount Saint Peter quarries on the Kevin Amendt website
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with inclusions of flint. The chalk deposits contain numerous fossils of
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579:). Although vast sections of these "caves" have now disappeared through
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was discovered here in a limestone quarry, one of the first recognised
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1027:"Confrontation in Archaeology: Aspects of Roman Military in Tongeren"
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825:("The little towers"), at the bottom of the hill in the village of
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687:. A sheep herd is used to keep vegetation open in certain areas.
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Neolithic Flint Mines of Petit-Spiennes : Official web site
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220:, thus defining the topography of this border area between
1029:, in Vermeulen, Frank; Sas, Kathy; Dhaeze, Wouter (eds.),
1128:
Fort Eben Emael: The Key to Hitler's
Victory in the West
188:
running north to south between the valleys of the river
1208:
Tourist information on website maastrichtunderground.nl
327:
municipality of Riemst, archaeological evidence of an
409:remains were discovered here as well, belonging to
109:
70:
60:
50:
45:
21:
1025:Vanderhoeven, Alain; Vanderhoeven, Michel (2004),
817:, is another ruined castle overlooking the Meuse,
264:divides the hill in two sections. Near the small
786:On the western part of the mount remains of the
323:In the part of Mount Saint Peter that is in the
1186:(in French), Regionaal Landschap Haspengouw vzw
425:and fossils of smaller creatures of the sea.
8:
626:. Some of the orchids found there include:
232:and the fortress of Sint Pieter, refers to
18:
1059:Belgian archaeology in a European setting
674:, as well as the richest environment for
516:. The succeeding geologic layers include
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1225:Regionaal Landschap Haspengouw en Voeren
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1268:Mountains and hills of the Netherlands
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1111:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
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611:View from the mount of the village of
315:Section of Caestert Plateau where the
1278:Mountains and hills of Liège Province
319:can be seen cutting through the ridge
7:
1288:Hills of South Limburg (Netherlands)
551:Humans have used the site since the
399:Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle
342:, which played an important role in
1055:"Über Atuatuca, Cäsar und Ambiorix"
196:to the east. The plateau runs from
1005:, University of California Press,
444:Late Medieval graffiti in a quarry
385:, which was later acquired by the
33:View of Mount Saint Peter and the
14:
1033:, Ghent University, p. 143,
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348:commentaries on his wars in Gaul
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27:
1273:Mountains and hills of Flanders
1223:Tourist information on website
594:and cement factory operated by
256:) and on the west by the Geer (
1283:Landforms of Limburg (Belgium)
1234:'Sint-Pietersberg' on website
1053:Vanvinckenroye, Willy (2001),
559:is known for its flint mines.
1:
1216:, site describing the region
999:Wightman, Edith Mary (1985),
493:Geology and mining activities
287:composition, its deposits of
797:quarry as well as the river
184:, is the northern part of a
372:Around 1765 the skull of a
1314:
777:Winding road near Slavante
472:Limestone quarries in 1799
367:Siege of Maastricht (1673)
908:. A sinister reminder of
894:Prince-Bishopric of Liège
758:from fortress Sint-Pieter
297:network of mining tunnels
244:Principal characteristics
114:
26:
1180:"Nature sans frontieres"
841:Castle ruins Lichtenberg
809:. Further south, in the
728:Sheep flock on the mount
555:period. The area around
260:). Since the 1930s, the
66:Caestert Plateau (107 m)
56:171 m (561 ft)
1293:Geography of Maastricht
1126:Dunstan, Simon (2005),
788:motte-and-bailey castle
618:Mount Saint Peter is a
177:), also referred to as
1130:, Osprey, p. 12,
940:Saint Anthony's Chapel
782:Castles and farmsteads
778:
770:
759:
615:
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320:
212:almost to the city of
1214:Montagne Saint-Pierre
1184:Montagne Saint-Pierre
776:
765:
753:
740:Sign Natuurmonumenten
629:Aceras anthropophorum
610:
500:
314:
192:to the west, and the
167:Montagne Saint-Pierre
928:Fortress Sint-Pieter
534:Maastricht Formation
504:quarry and factories
458:Joris van der Haagen
283:Mount Saint Peter's
94:50.81444°N 5.68500°E
1210:(partly in English)
964:Fortress Eben-Emael
914:fortress Eben-Emael
877:Farmstead Zonneberg
853:Remains of Caestert
801:, is the farmstead
666:, locally known as
659:Platanthera bifolia
512:and in the west as
363:Louis XIV of France
352:Dendrochronological
90: /
1263:Plateaus of Europe
865:House De Torentjes
779:
771:
760:
716:Eurasian eagle-owl
664:Eurasian eagle-owl
641:Ophrys insectifera
616:
506:
321:
46:Highest point
37:near the locks of
553:lower Paleolithic
532:limestone of the
484:Discovery of the
159:Mount Saint Peter
156:
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135:Mount Saint Peter
99:50.81444; 5.68500
22:Mount Saint Peter
1305:
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1236:Natuurmonumenten
1230:
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1155:, archived from
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1087:. Archived from
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892:was part of the
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813:municipality of
746:Listed buildings
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684:Natuurmonumenten
647:Orchis militaris
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393:. A more famous
175:Sint-Pietersberg
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1082:"Archived copy"
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1061:, vol. 2,
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952:Casino Slavante
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883:Other buildings
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766:The village of
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653:Orchis purpurea
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588:portland cement
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430:Fort Eben-Emael
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238:Twelve Apostles
210:Belgian Limburg
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16:Hill in Belgium
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1202:External links
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581:surface mining
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387:Teylers Museum
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266:Liège Province
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1159:on 2007-12-31
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1137:1-84176-821-9
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1094:on 2012-03-27
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1224:
1188:, retrieved
1183:
1161:, retrieved
1157:the original
1151:
1145:
1127:
1121:
1096:. Retrieved
1089:the original
1076:
1058:
1048:
1030:
1020:
1001:
994:
985:
978:
910:World War II
886:
823:De Torentjes
822:
818:
802:
790:
785:
700:
682:
680:
678:in Benelux.
667:
657:
651:
645:
639:
633:
627:
624:microclimate
617:
585:
572:
564:
550:
507:
456:Painting by
427:
416:
410:
394:
373:
371:
356:
322:
317:Albert Canal
282:
273:
262:Albert Canal
257:
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247:
178:
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35:Albert Canal
1218:(in French)
890:Sint Pieter
827:Sint Pieter
803:Lichtenberg
768:Sint Pieter
620:Natura 2000
538:sea urchins
359:Middle Ages
357:During the
295:times. The
268:village of
234:Saint Peter
230:Sint Pieter
202:Netherlands
142:Netherlands
97: /
72:Coordinates
62:Parent peak
1257:Categories
1248:(in Dutch)
1240:(in Dutch)
1229:(in Dutch)
1190:4 November
1163:2007-12-16
1098:2012-03-21
986:Gallic War
970:References
902:Franciscan
756:Maastricht
546:belemnites
486:Mosasaurus
418:Orthomerus
412:Betasuchus
395:Mosasaurus
375:Mosasaurus
204:, through
198:Maastricht
85:05°41′06″E
82:50°48′52″N
561:Limestone
524:, quartz
293:Neolithic
285:limestone
274:Ternaaien
110:Geography
52:Elevation
1107:cite web
983:Caesar,
819:Caestert
791:De Tombe
754:View of
557:Spiennes
407:dinosaur
405:. Later
340:Eburones
336:Atuatuca
332:fortress
329:Iron Age
272:(Dutch:
226:Wallonia
222:Flanders
180:Caestert
912:is the
811:Walloon
699:Orchid
676:orchids
672:Benelux
603:Ecology
573:grotten
514:Hesbaye
423:turtles
391:Haarlem
383:fossils
380:reptile
365:in the
338:of the
325:Flemish
307:History
250:plateau
218:Belgium
200:in the
186:plateau
182:Plateau
146:Belgium
1134:
1065:
1037:
1009:
592:quarry
565:mergel
530:chalky
522:gravel
270:Lanaye
206:Riemst
163:French
39:Lanaye
1092:(PDF)
1085:(PDF)
799:Meuse
668:oehoe
613:Kanne
577:caves
542:clams
518:loess
403:Paris
289:flint
278:Rhine
258:Jeker
214:Liège
194:Meuse
171:Dutch
1298:Visé
1192:2010
1132:ISBN
1113:link
1063:ISBN
1035:ISBN
1007:ISBN
815:Visé
807:keep
795:ENCI
656:and
596:ENCI
569:marl
544:and
528:and
526:sand
502:ENCI
415:and
254:Maas
248:The
190:Geer
401:in
389:in
346:'s
216:in
208:in
1259::
1182:,
1171:^
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