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223:. As a young school teacher, Brooks was at the deathbed of massacre participant, Nephi Johnson, and heard his last cries of "blood, blood, blood!" Brooks found no evidence of direct involvement by Brigham Young, but charged him with obstructing the investigation and for provoking the attack through his rhetoric. Until recently many considered her book the definitive work on the massacre.
350:(2007), released August 24, 2007, directed by Christopher Cain, is described by a press release as portraying the "point of view held direct descendants ... that the iconic Brigham Young had complicity in the massacre, a view denied by the Mormon Church." The film uses a love story to tell the story of the massacre.
242:
by Sally Denton in 2003. Bagley pointed to what he said was strong circumstantial evidence of Young's involvement through Smith, and through his early
September 1857 meeting with Paiute Indian leaders Tutsegabit and Youngwids. Denton also suggested involvement by Young through Smith, but argued
129:
The trial of John D. Lee, which was highly publicized at the time, put an idea of an out-of-control theocracy into the public imagination. And, beginning in the late nineteenth century, the tragedy found place in a whole genre of historical treatments, novelsāeven two silent films. While the
270:'s archives. The authors decided to avoid portraying the perpetrators and victims as good or evil, which would overlook their human complexity and the groups' diversities. Instead, they examined the massacre as a case of American frontier violence and vigilantism.
50:
trials closely from 1874 to 1876, and his execution in 1877 was widely publicized. The first detailed work using modern historical methods was published in 1950, and the massacre has been the subject of several historical works since that time.
169:, newspaper reports, and the transcriptions from the LDS Church's internal investigations. Many of the interviews were with massacre participants who were granted complete confidentiality in regard to whatever they might say. In September 2009
130:
historical works among these critiqued (often in polemic fashion) early Utah's religious teachings and rhetoric, a caricature drawn from out of their criticisms came to find its place, in stereotype form, in popular fiction and entertainment.
1022:
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152:
report describing the scene as "one too horrible and sickening for language to describe. Human skeletons, disjointed bones, ghastly skulls and the hair of women were scattered in frightful profusion over a distance of two
33:
was covered to some extent in the media during the 1850s, its first period of intense nationwide publicity began around 1872. This was after investigators obtained the confession of Philip
Klingensmith, a Mormon
202:, who were later expelled from the church for apostasy. Stenhouse's work on the massacre was drawn from newspaper reports, Klingensmith's affidavit, and some personal journalistic investigation.
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54:
In historical fiction, the massacre inspired a genre of frontier crime fiction in the 19th century. The massacre has been portrayed in several plays, and in a 2007 motion picture,
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In 1910, the massacre was the subject of a short book by Josiah F. Gibbs, who also attributed responsibility for the massacre to
Brigham Young and George A. Smith.
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The Rocky
Mountain Saints: a Full and Complete History of the Mormons, from the First Vision of Joseph Smith to the Last Courtship of Brigham Young
372:
878:
604:
142:
An example of the massacre's early public notoriety, this sketch of the massacre site appeared on the cover of the August 13, 1859 issue of
1125:
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207:
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198:. Stenhouse was a liberal, however, and in the late 1860s, he joined a group of intellectual Mormons seeking liberal reform, known as the
332:(2000) by Julie Jensen depicts two middle-aged Latter-day Saint women reflecting on the massacre that occurred when they were children.
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165:
collected all the records he could find concerning the massacre. These included his own field notes, excerpts of witnesses' diaries,
806:
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706:
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310:(1915) by Jack London has a section of the book that describes the massacre from the viewpoint of a young boy from the Fancher Party
441:
114:
commented on the massacre through the lens of contemporary
American public opinion in an appendix to his semi-autobiographical
314:
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636:
341:(2002) by Judith Freeman depicts John D. Lee's role in the massacre from the perspective of three of his nineteen wives.
247:
336:
319:(1978) by Thomas F. Rogers is a depiction of the massacre from the perspective of John D. Lee, and is based heavily on
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One of the earliest depictions of the massacre was written by a massacre participant, John D. Lee, and was entitled
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266:. Aside from available academic and scholarly sources, the authors were also granted access to the LDS
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442:"BYU Studies - Mountain Meadows Massacre: The Andrew Jensen and David H. Morris Collections"
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194:. Stenhouse had been a prominent Mormon leader for decades, and editor of the pro-Mormon
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895:āāHorrible Massacre of Emigrants!!ā: The Mountain Meadows Massacre in Public Discourseā
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346:
320:
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285:(2001). The massacre, and its effects on the church's image, was also discussed in the
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56:
39:
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Mormonism
Unveiled; or the Life and Confessions of the Late Mormon Bishop, John D. Lee
610:
445:
138:
93:
Mormonism
Unveiled; or the Life and Confessions of the Late Mormon Bishop, John D. Lee
85:
Mormonism
Unveiled; or the Life and Confessions of the Late Mormon Bishop, John D. Lee
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The first historical work to discuss the massacre in any depth was an 1873 work by
80:
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60:. The Massacre has also been of subject of several film documentaries including,
792:
626:
233:
170:
119:
87:, was Lee's account of the massacre, published soon after his execution in 1877.
47:
843:
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The first detailed and comprehensive work using modern historical methods was
111:
900:
179:
Mountain
Meadows Massacre: The Andrew Jenson and David H. Morris Collections
174:
166:
779:
960:
632:
Blood of the
Prophets: Brigham Young and the Massacre at Mountain Meadows
199:
327:
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by Douglas Seefeldt, a professor at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln
357:(2017), features a main antagonist who is a survivor of the massacre.
216:
273:
Several film documentaries have focused on the massacre including,
894:
137:
79:
226:
Two of the most significant works after Brooks include the books
827:
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220:
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published this complete collection in a 352-page book, entitled
904:
286:
660:
The Works of Hubert Howe Bancroft: History of Utah, 1540ā1886
1136:
Burying the Past: Legacy of the Mountain Meadows Massacre
276:
Burying the Past: Legacy of the Mountain Meadows Massacre
63:
Burying the Past: Legacy of the Mountain Meadows Massacre
99:
was published in 1877, and expressed Lee's opinion that
562:"Debating History: Did Brigham Young Order a Massacre?"
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1067:
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993:
938:
547:
534:
720:American Massacre: The Tragedy at Mountain Meadows
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250:(2008), was written by Latter-day Saint historian
663:, vol. 26, San Francisco: History Company,
1059:Brigham Young and the Mountain Meadows Massacre
801:, St. Louis, Missouri: Bryan, Brand & Co.,
786:, p. 1 – via Utah Digital Newspapers
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8:
219:scholar who lived near the area in southern
778:Klingensmith, Philip (September 24, 1872),
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909:
901:
477:
465:
400:
398:
560:MacDonald, G. Jeffrey (April 28, 2007).
383:
246:The most current work on the massacre,
243:against involvement by Paiute leaders.
46:. National newspapers also covered the
18:Mountain Meadows massacre and the media
852:, Hartford, Conn.: American Publishing
500:
489:
373:Portrayals of Mormons in popular media
428:
7:
1173:Latter Day Saints in popular culture
404:
795:(1877), Bishop, William W. (ed.),
38:at the time of the massacre and a
25:
548:Walker, Turley & Leonard 2008
535:Walker, Turley & Leonard 2008
299:Historical fiction and portrayals
984:
1023:Investigations and prosecutions
514:"History Book Club Description"
391:"Los Angeles Star". 1857-10-03.
175:Brigham Young University Press
1:
1127:The Mountain Meadows Massacre
1084:The Mountain Meadows Massacre
757:The Mountain Meadows Massacre
694:The Mountain Meadows Massacre
282:The Mountain Meadows Massacre
208:The Mountain Meadows Massacre
103:was sent to southern Utah by
69:The Mountain Meadows Massacre
1108:Massacre at Mountain Meadows
871:Massacre at Mountain Meadows
699:University of Oklahoma Press
637:University of Oklahoma Press
248:Massacre at Mountain Meadows
148:. Inside, an article quoted
873:. Oxford University Press.
780:"Mountain Meadows Massacre"
1189:
816:Stenhouse, T.B.H. (1873),
750:in response to the review.
1168:Mountain Meadows Massacre
996:Mountain Meadows massacre
982:
932:Mountain Meadows Massacre
822:, New York: D. Appleton,
754:Gibbs, Josiah F. (1910),
682:Internet Archive versions
191:The Rocky Mountain Saints
30:Mountain Meadows massacre
256:Brigham Young University
157:In the 1890s, Assistant
107:to direct the massacre.
258:professors of history,
1047:Other related articles
1018:Killings and aftermath
956:Southern Paiute people
863:Turley, Richard E. Jr.
784:Corinne Daily Reporter
716:Denton, Sally (2003),
606:The Hollywood Reporter
252:Richard E. Turley, Jr.
154:
88:
1092:Blood of the Prophets
655:Bancroft, Hubert Howe
229:Blood of the Prophets
150:Major J.H. Carleton's
141:
83:
1033:LDS public relations
1013:Conspiracy and siege
946:Hawn's Mill massacre
748:Letter to the editor
697:, Norman, Oklahoma:
635:, Norman, Oklahoma:
1054:BakerāFancher party
1003:Theological factors
994:Articles about the
550:, p. xiiiāxiv)
516:. History Book Club
353:The Netflix series
196:Salt Lake Telegraph
1076:Mormonism Unveiled
760:, Salt Lake City:
186:T. B. H. Stenhouse
155:
134:Academic treatment
89:
1155:
1154:
1100:American Massacre
880:978-0-19-516034-5
859:Walker, Ronald W.
762:Salt Lake Tribune
316:Fire In The Bones
239:American Massacre
16:(Redirected from
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1139:
1038:Media depictions
988:
925:
918:
911:
902:
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867:Leonard, Glen M.
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268:First Presidency
260:Ronald W. Walker
76:Early depictions
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145:Harper's Weekly
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101:George A. Smith
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568:. pp. B09
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321:Juanita Brooks
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588:(2007-03-26).
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586:Press release
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537:, p. xi)
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27:Although the
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1028:Remembrances
1008:War hysteria
870:
848:
818:
797:
793:Lee, John D.
783:
756:
724:, New York:
719:
693:
677:F826.B2 1889
659:
631:
627:Bagley, Will
611:Politico.com
605:
599:
593:
581:
570:. Retrieved
565:
555:
542:
529:
518:. Retrieved
508:
496:
485:
473:
461:
450:. Retrieved
446:the original
436:
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416:
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305:
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272:
245:
237:
236:in 2002 and
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125:
118:
109:
96:
92:
90:
84:
67:
61:
55:
53:
44:Utah militia
28:
26:
849:Roughing It
844:Twain, Mark
501:Denton 2003
490:Bagley 2002
323:' research.
292:The Mormons
279:(2004) and
234:Will Bagley
211:in 1950 by
171:BYU Studies
120:Roughing It
116:travel book
66:(2004) and
48:John D. Lee
1162:Categories
939:Precursors
620:References
572:2007-04-28
520:2010-05-01
452:2010-04-13
429:Gibbs 1910
417:Appendix B
335:The novel
329:Two-Headed
167:affidavits
161:Historian
159:LDS Church
112:Mark Twain
97:Confession
344:The film
338:Red Water
326:The play
313:The play
304:The book
188:entitled
110:In 1872,
961:Utah War
869:(2008).
846:(1873),
828:16024014
770:37010372
691:(1950),
669:07018413
657:(1889),
629:(2002),
405:Lee 1877
362:See also
295:(2007).
254:and two
200:Godbeite
72:(2001).
600:Variety
355:Godless
289:series
153:miles."
95:. This
42:in the
40:private
1147:(2007)
1138:(2004)
1129:(2001)
1110:(2008)
1102:(2003)
1094:(2002)
1086:(1950)
1078:(1877)
877:
834:
826:
805:
768:
744:review
732:
705:
675:
667:
643:
217:Mormon
36:bishop
1119:Films
1068:Books
609:, or
379:Notes
875:ISBN
824:LCCN
803:ISBN
766:LCCN
746:and
730:ISBN
703:ISBN
665:LCCN
641:ISBN
597:See
262:and
221:Utah
215:, a
173:and
832:LCC
673:LCC
287:PBS
232:by
1164::
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861:;
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20:)
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