439:
447:
1035:
854:
1027:
1099:
862:
671:
986:
31:
663:
963:
789:
748:
539:
1058:
622:
1120:
914:
498:
955:
65:
810:
289:
seems to be a distinct species. However, the southern group has apparently evolved in a very short time and their conspicuous differences in appearance are not yet reflected in molecular divergence; as mates are of course chosen according to their appearance and not their molecular differences, it
232:
These are medium-sized to large (10–13 cm) hummingbirds with shortish slightly curved black bills. The males typically have green upperparts and a brightly coloured throat, which is a dull colour in the female. The females of some species also may differ significantly from the males in other
385:) having recently evolved into a distinct species, while its white-throated relatives are in the process of splitting into two species but have not yet done so. mtDNA (which is inherited from the mother only) suggests that the
236:
The female mountaingem is entirely responsible for nest building and incubation. She lays two white eggs in a deep plant-fibre cup nest. Incubation takes 15–19 days, and fledging another 20–26.
1198:
García-Moreno, Jaime; Cortés, Nandadeví; García-Deras, Gabriela M. & Hernández-Baños, Blanca E. (2006): Local origin and diversification among
Lampornis hummingbirds: A Mesoamerican taxon.
377:
These results are interesting, because they agree with a general trend for southern
Mexican taxa (including to colonize the Isthmus and there form distinct species. Also, the Isthmus group of
247:
6-8 species have been traditionally recognized, the main point of dispute being whether the southern forms which have fulvous-breasted females, found from
Nicaragua to Panama, are one (
438:
239:
The food of this genus is nectar, taken from a variety of small flowers. Like other hummingbirds, mountaingems also takes small insects as an essential source of protein.
3648:
3674:
366:
García-Moreno's team refrains to date the emergence of the genus because of the absence of fossils or other robust evidence. It can be assumed though that
3622:
3661:
355:, which is sometimes considered to be the closest relative of the mountaingems, is indeed not distantly related to the group, but closer to the
312:, the northernmost species, is not as straightforward as assumed; it is not clear whether they are each other's close relatives or whether the
446:
1252:
1225:
291:
3666:
1098:
317:
183:
3596:
386:
352:
286:
38:
1230:
3679:
348:
278:
64:
2885:
972:
734:
332:
313:
2518:
853:
3718:
1245:
1034:
1026:
680:
581:
282:
3536:
1044:
546:
1668:
1175:
3601:
1143:
1081:
1009:
937:
833:
771:
645:
590:
568:
521:
408:
166:
30:
3705:
3746:
3588:
1840:
1388:
1106:
871:
456:
3269:
2168:
2078:
1850:
861:
670:
662:
1648:
1346:
730:
538:
2249:
2188:
2131:
2027:
1959:
3741:
3093:
2154:
1632:
1238:
796:
59:
2147:
2116:
2000:
1416:
985:
962:
721:
3259:
2177:
1360:
3687:
3653:
3609:
3184:
2140:
1682:
1337:
1221:
954:
788:
747:
226:
1658:
3692:
3177:
2892:
2794:
2320:
2093:
1371:
1262:
1206:
1057:
621:
390:
2011:
1702:
1691:
1119:
913:
708:
497:
3574:
3475:
3279:
3163:
2419:
2391:
1979:
1870:
1747:
1726:
1579:
1534:
1499:
809:
717:
608:
599:
3735:
3506:
3490:
3290:
3022:
2829:
2801:
2699:
2664:
2629:
2273:
1824:
1815:
1427:
1400:
1353:
577:
149:
3614:
3445:
3427:
3372:
3149:
3121:
2983:
2920:
2913:
2899:
2787:
2713:
2692:
2678:
2650:
2608:
2601:
2525:
2497:
2481:
2412:
2293:
2038:
1944:
1903:
1783:
1588:
1545:
1485:
1450:
336:
263:
252:
175:
347:, the relationships of which need more study. It might be closely related to the
339:
group with the other taxa. These results suggest that it is better placed in the
3635:
3568:
3499:
3344:
3198:
3191:
3084:
3073:
3059:
3038:
2969:
2962:
2850:
2836:
2748:
2728:
2706:
2622:
2560:
2350:
2284:
2102:
2062:
1884:
1806:
1767:
1756:
1735:
1568:
1513:
1478:
1471:
1464:
1443:
1436:
1266:
1210:
302:
260:
225:, which inhabit mountainous regions from the south-western United States to the
216:
139:
129:
3559:
290:
seems prudent to split the group according to throat color as advocated by the
3468:
3461:
3454:
3420:
3399:
3383:
3337:
3299:
3107:
3100:
3045:
3011:
2997:
2990:
2976:
2948:
2934:
2927:
2906:
2878:
2857:
2822:
2815:
2757:
2685:
2657:
2546:
2539:
2511:
2490:
2472:
2447:
2405:
2375:
2047:
1968:
1861:
1711:
1623:
1614:
1554:
1520:
1492:
371:
295:
52:
3434:
3413:
3365:
3358:
3351:
3205:
3170:
3142:
3052:
3004:
2955:
2941:
2871:
2864:
2843:
2808:
2643:
2636:
2615:
2594:
2574:
2532:
2504:
2440:
2364:
2357:
2336:
2302:
1776:
1595:
1561:
1527:
1506:
1457:
1322:
1307:
340:
271:
119:
76:
374:, and that by that time, the northernmost lineage(s) had already diverged.
3553:
3406:
3392:
3319:
3310:
3066:
2780:
2773:
2766:
2737:
2671:
2585:
2567:
2553:
2461:
2454:
2433:
2426:
2398:
2384:
2329:
2208:
2109:
1877:
1301:
1289:
1270:
381:
provides a glimpse at an intermediate stage in evolution, with one form (
351:, but these two species are very different at least morphologically. The
96:
3713:
3627:
3583:
3328:
3135:
3128:
3114:
3031:
2343:
356:
3156:
2309:
1283:
328:
but the southernmost, red-throated forms are the most distinct ones.
86:
3640:
3530:
393:
with the white-throated forms and indeed not infrequently does so.
324:
may constitute two species, but not the violet-throated subspecies
3700:
1295:
256:
212:
270:(2006) have largely confirmed the arrangement and the suspected
106:
3534:
3235:
2247:
1942:
1320:
1234:
370:
was present at the closing of the
Isthmus of Panama, about 3.8
274:
relationships, but a few surprising results have emerged:
359:
hummingbirds. It is intermediate in appearance between
301:
Second, the exact relationship between the suspected
3275:
3265:
3255:
2269:
2165:
2128:
2090:
2074:
2023:
1996:
1956:
1846:
1836:
1744:
1679:
1664:
1654:
1644:
1412:
1383:
1334:
396:
According to the updated taxonomy, the species are:
3543:
3489:
3444:
3382:
3327:
3318:
3309:
3289:
3246:
3083:
3021:
2756:
2747:
2727:
2584:
2480:
2471:
2374:
2319:
2292:
2283:
2260:
2207:
2187:
2164:
2127:
2089:
2061:
2037:
2010:
1987:
1978:
1955:
1902:
1860:
1823:
1814:
1805:
1766:
1743:
1734:
1725:
1701:
1678:
1631:
1622:
1613:
1578:
1544:
1426:
1399:
1370:
1333:
1216:Stiles, F. Gary & Skutch, Alexander F. (1990):
1246:
331:Most puzzling, however, is the fact that the
8:
744:El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, and Mexico
618:El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, and Mexico
3531:
3324:
3315:
3243:
3232:
2753:
2477:
2289:
2257:
2244:
2067:
2016:
1984:
1952:
1939:
1829:
1820:
1811:
1740:
1731:
1637:
1628:
1619:
1405:
1376:
1330:
1317:
1253:
1239:
1231:
29:
20:
398:
316:is the oldest lineage of the genus, the
1167:
888:
697:
563:
473:
251:), two, or three species. Analysis of
1200:Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution
430:IUCN status and estimated population
7:
3719:2A284450-B19F-4B2B-9B74-4EF575A429B0
3706:BDE8A938-98DB-8680-2819-2EEDFCDC137E
1218:A guide to the birds of Costa Rica
910:Costa Rica, Nicaragua, and Panama.
285:are probably conspecific, but the
14:
1182:. The Trust for Avian Systematics
1118:
1097:
1056:
1033:
1025:
984:
961:
953:
912:
860:
852:
808:
787:
746:
669:
661:
620:
537:
496:
445:
437:
63:
421:Scientific name and subspecies
292:American Ornithological Society
686:(Bourcier & Mulsant, 1846)
535:Amethyst-throated mountaingem
320:diverging later. In addition,
1:
494:Mexico and the United States.
318:amethyst-throated hummingbird
1220:. Cornell University Press.
850:Purple-throated mountaingem
335:constantly failed to form a
1211:10.1016/j.ympev.2005.08.015
951:White-throated mountaingem
802:(Salvin & Godman, 1892)
785:Green-breasted mountaingem
659:Green-throated mountaingem
387:purple-throated mountaingem
353:garnet-throated hummingbird
287:purple-throated mountaingem
39:Purple-throated Mountaingem
3763:
1095:White-bellied mountaingem
435:Blue-throated mountaingem
349:fiery-throated hummingbird
279:white-throated mountaingem
3242:
3231:
2256:
2243:
2070:
2019:
1951:
1938:
1832:
1640:
1408:
1379:
1329:
1316:
1278:
1094:
1022:
973:Lampornis castaneoventris
950:
849:
784:
658:
534:
434:
429:
426:
423:
420:
417:
333:white-bellied mountaingem
314:blue-throated hummingbird
199:
194:
181:
174:
60:Scientific classification
58:
37:
28:
23:
1273:and their extinct allies
1023:Gray-tailed mountaingem
681:Lampornis viridipallens
389:still can form fertile
283:gray-tailed mountaingem
1116:Costa Rica and Panama.
1045:Lampornis cinereicauda
806:Honduras and Nicaragua
547:Lampornis amethystinus
249:"variable mountaingem"
184:Lampornis amethystinus
1180:aviansystematics.org
1107:Lampornis hemileucus
872:Lampornis calolaemus
457:Lampornis clemenciae
298:process is ongoing.
43:Lampornis calolaemus
1669:Protocypselomorphus
715:L. v. viridipallens
588:L. a. circumventris
414:
363:and those species.
1633:Steatornithiformes
797:Lampornis sybillae
702:Rowley, JS (1968)
566:L. a. amethystinus
399:
233:plumage features.
3729:
3728:
3688:Open Tree of Life
3537:Taxon identifiers
3528:
3527:
3524:
3523:
3520:
3519:
3516:
3515:
3485:
3484:
3227:
3226:
3223:
3222:
3219:
3218:
3215:
3214:
2723:
2722:
2239:
2238:
2235:
2234:
2231:
2230:
2227:
2226:
2057:
2056:
1934:
1933:
1930:
1929:
1926:
1925:
1922:
1921:
1898:
1897:
1894:
1893:
1801:
1800:
1797:
1796:
1793:
1792:
1721:
1720:
1683:Fluvioviridavidae
1609:
1608:
1605:
1604:
1338:Archaeotrogonidae
1156:
1155:
1113:
1051:
979:
878:
803:
687:
553:
486:L. c. bessophilus
463:
427:Size and ecology
412:
266:by García-Moreno
227:Isthmus of Panama
206:
205:
170:
3754:
3722:
3721:
3709:
3708:
3696:
3695:
3683:
3682:
3670:
3669:
3657:
3656:
3644:
3643:
3631:
3630:
3618:
3617:
3605:
3604:
3592:
3591:
3589:8026ECE3DECDA6C9
3579:
3578:
3577:
3564:
3563:
3562:
3532:
3325:
3316:
3277:
3267:
3257:
3244:
3233:
2754:
2478:
2321:Phaethornithinae
2290:
2271:
2258:
2245:
2167:
2130:
2094:Aegialornithidae
2092:
2076:
2068:
2025:
2017:
1998:
1985:
1958:
1953:
1940:
1848:
1838:
1830:
1821:
1812:
1746:
1741:
1732:
1681:
1666:
1656:
1646:
1638:
1629:
1620:
1414:
1406:
1385:
1377:
1372:Caprimulgiformes
1336:
1331:
1318:
1255:
1248:
1241:
1232:
1191:
1190:
1188:
1187:
1172:
1147:
1122:
1111:
1101:
1085:
1060:
1050:(Lawrence, 1867)
1049:
1037:
1029:
1013:
988:
977:
965:
957:
941:
916:
896:L. c. pectoralis
891:L. c. calolaemus
885:Three subspecies
876:
864:
856:
837:
812:
801:
791:
775:
750:
706:L. v. ovandensis
685:
673:
665:
649:
624:
575:L. a. margaritae
551:
541:
525:
500:
476:L. c. clemenciae
470:Three subspecies
461:
449:
441:
415:
413:– eight species
407:
165:
68:
67:
33:
21:
3762:
3761:
3757:
3756:
3755:
3753:
3752:
3751:
3732:
3731:
3730:
3725:
3717:
3712:
3704:
3699:
3691:
3686:
3678:
3673:
3665:
3660:
3652:
3647:
3639:
3634:
3626:
3621:
3613:
3608:
3600:
3595:
3587:
3582:
3573:
3572:
3567:
3558:
3557:
3552:
3539:
3529:
3512:
3481:
3440:
3378:
3305:
3285:
3238:
3211:
3079:
3017:
2743:
2719:
2580:
2467:
2370:
2315:
2279:
2252:
2223:
2203:
2183:
2160:
2123:
2085:
2053:
2033:
2012:Aegotheliformes
2006:
1974:
1947:
1918:
1890:
1856:
1841:Masillapodargus
1789:
1762:
1717:
1703:Steatornithidae
1697:
1692:Fluvioviridavis
1674:
1601:
1574:
1540:
1422:
1395:
1389:Wyomingcypselus
1366:
1325:
1312:
1274:
1259:
1213:(HTML abstract)
1195:
1194:
1185:
1183:
1174:
1173:
1169:
1164:
1158:
1151:
1145:
1136:
1135:
1130:
1129:
1117:
1110:
1089:
1083:
1074:
1073:
1068:
1067:
1055:
1048:
1038:
1032:
1030:
1017:
1011:
1002:
1001:
996:
995:
983:
976:
966:
960:
958:
945:
939:
930:
929:
924:
923:
911:
907:
906:
901:L. c. homogenes
887:
886:
880:
879:
875:
865:
859:
857:
844:
841:
835:
826:
825:
820:
819:
807:
800:
779:
773:
764:
763:
758:
757:
745:
741:
740:
728:L. v. nubivagus
696:
695:
694:Four subspecies
689:
688:
684:
674:
668:
666:
653:
647:
638:
637:
632:
631:
619:
615:
614:
562:
561:
560:Five subspecies
555:
554:
550:
529:
523:
514:
513:
508:
507:
495:
491:
490:
481:L. c. phasmorus
472:
471:
465:
464:
460:
450:
444:
442:
322:L. amethystinus
310:L. amethystinus
294:. However, the
245:
190:
187:
164:
62:
50:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3760:
3758:
3750:
3749:
3744:
3734:
3733:
3727:
3726:
3724:
3723:
3710:
3697:
3684:
3671:
3658:
3645:
3632:
3619:
3606:
3593:
3580:
3565:
3549:
3547:
3541:
3540:
3535:
3526:
3525:
3522:
3521:
3518:
3517:
3514:
3513:
3511:
3510:
3503:
3495:
3493:
3487:
3486:
3483:
3482:
3480:
3479:
3476:Schoutedenapus
3472:
3465:
3458:
3450:
3448:
3442:
3441:
3439:
3438:
3431:
3424:
3417:
3410:
3403:
3396:
3388:
3386:
3380:
3379:
3377:
3376:
3369:
3362:
3355:
3348:
3341:
3333:
3331:
3322:
3313:
3307:
3306:
3304:
3303:
3295:
3293:
3287:
3286:
3284:
3283:
3280:Scaniacypselus
3273:
3270:Procypseloides
3263:
3252:
3250:
3248:incertae sedis
3240:
3239:
3236:
3229:
3228:
3225:
3224:
3221:
3220:
3217:
3216:
3213:
3212:
3210:
3209:
3202:
3195:
3188:
3181:
3174:
3167:
3160:
3153:
3146:
3139:
3132:
3125:
3118:
3111:
3104:
3097:
3089:
3087:
3081:
3080:
3078:
3077:
3070:
3063:
3056:
3049:
3042:
3035:
3027:
3025:
3019:
3018:
3016:
3015:
3008:
3001:
2994:
2987:
2980:
2973:
2966:
2959:
2952:
2945:
2938:
2931:
2924:
2917:
2910:
2903:
2896:
2889:
2882:
2875:
2868:
2861:
2854:
2847:
2840:
2833:
2826:
2819:
2812:
2805:
2798:
2791:
2784:
2777:
2770:
2762:
2760:
2751:
2745:
2744:
2742:
2741:
2733:
2731:
2725:
2724:
2721:
2720:
2718:
2717:
2710:
2703:
2696:
2689:
2682:
2675:
2668:
2661:
2654:
2647:
2640:
2633:
2626:
2619:
2612:
2605:
2598:
2590:
2588:
2582:
2581:
2579:
2578:
2571:
2564:
2557:
2550:
2543:
2536:
2529:
2522:
2515:
2508:
2501:
2494:
2486:
2484:
2475:
2469:
2468:
2466:
2465:
2458:
2451:
2444:
2437:
2430:
2423:
2416:
2409:
2402:
2395:
2392:Anthracothorax
2388:
2380:
2378:
2372:
2371:
2369:
2368:
2361:
2354:
2347:
2340:
2333:
2325:
2323:
2317:
2316:
2314:
2313:
2306:
2298:
2296:
2287:
2281:
2280:
2278:
2277:
2266:
2264:
2262:incertae sedis
2254:
2253:
2248:
2241:
2240:
2237:
2236:
2233:
2232:
2229:
2228:
2225:
2224:
2222:
2221:
2220:
2219:
2213:
2211:
2205:
2204:
2202:
2201:
2200:
2199:
2193:
2191:
2185:
2184:
2182:
2181:
2173:
2171:
2169:Jungornithidae
2162:
2161:
2159:
2158:
2151:
2144:
2136:
2134:
2125:
2124:
2122:
2121:
2113:
2106:
2098:
2096:
2087:
2086:
2084:
2083:
2079:Cypseloramphus
2071:
2065:
2059:
2058:
2055:
2054:
2052:
2051:
2043:
2041:
2035:
2034:
2032:
2031:
2020:
2014:
2008:
2007:
2005:
2004:
1993:
1991:
1989:incertae sedis
1982:
1980:Daedalornithes
1976:
1975:
1973:
1972:
1964:
1962:
1949:
1948:
1943:
1936:
1935:
1932:
1931:
1928:
1927:
1924:
1923:
1920:
1919:
1917:
1916:
1915:
1914:
1908:
1906:
1900:
1899:
1896:
1895:
1892:
1891:
1889:
1888:
1881:
1874:
1871:Batrachostomus
1866:
1864:
1858:
1857:
1855:
1854:
1851:Quercypodargus
1844:
1833:
1827:
1818:
1809:
1803:
1802:
1799:
1798:
1795:
1794:
1791:
1790:
1788:
1787:
1780:
1772:
1770:
1764:
1763:
1761:
1760:
1752:
1750:
1748:Parapreficinae
1738:
1729:
1727:Nyctibiiformes
1723:
1722:
1719:
1718:
1716:
1715:
1707:
1705:
1699:
1698:
1696:
1695:
1687:
1685:
1676:
1675:
1673:
1672:
1662:
1652:
1641:
1635:
1626:
1617:
1611:
1610:
1607:
1606:
1603:
1602:
1600:
1599:
1592:
1584:
1582:
1580:Eurostopodinae
1576:
1575:
1573:
1572:
1565:
1558:
1550:
1548:
1542:
1541:
1539:
1538:
1531:
1524:
1517:
1510:
1503:
1500:Phalaenoptilus
1496:
1489:
1482:
1475:
1468:
1461:
1454:
1447:
1440:
1432:
1430:
1424:
1423:
1421:
1420:
1409:
1403:
1397:
1396:
1394:
1393:
1380:
1374:
1368:
1367:
1365:
1364:
1357:
1350:
1342:
1340:
1327:
1326:
1321:
1314:
1313:
1311:
1310:
1304:
1298:
1292:
1286:
1279:
1276:
1275:
1260:
1258:
1257:
1250:
1243:
1235:
1229:
1228:
1214:
1205:(2): 488–498.
1193:
1192:
1166:
1165:
1163:
1160:
1154:
1153:
1146: LC
1141:
1123:
1114:
1112:(Salvin, 1865)
1103:
1092:
1091:
1084: LC
1079:
1061:
1052:
1041:
1020:
1019:
1012: LC
1007:
989:
980:
969:
948:
947:
940: LC
935:
917:
908:
905:
904:
898:
893:
884:
883:
882:
881:
877:(Salvin, 1865)
868:
847:
846:
836: LC
831:
813:
804:
793:
782:
781:
774: LC
769:
751:
742:
739:
738:
725:
712:
703:
693:
692:
691:
690:
677:
656:
655:
648: LC
643:
625:
616:
613:
612:
603:
594:
585:
572:
559:
558:
557:
556:
552:Swainson, 1827
543:
532:
531:
524: LC
519:
501:
492:
489:
488:
483:
478:
469:
468:
467:
466:
462:(Lesson, 1830)
453:
432:
431:
428:
425:
422:
419:
244:
241:
204:
203:
201:6-8, see text
197:
196:
192:
191:
189:Swainson, 1827
188:
179:
178:
172:
171:
157:
153:
152:
147:
143:
142:
137:
133:
132:
127:
123:
122:
117:
110:
109:
104:
100:
99:
94:
90:
89:
84:
80:
79:
74:
70:
69:
56:
55:
46:
35:
34:
26:
25:
16:Genus of birds
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3759:
3748:
3745:
3743:
3740:
3739:
3737:
3720:
3715:
3711:
3707:
3702:
3698:
3694:
3689:
3685:
3681:
3676:
3672:
3668:
3663:
3659:
3655:
3650:
3646:
3642:
3637:
3633:
3629:
3624:
3620:
3616:
3611:
3607:
3603:
3598:
3594:
3590:
3585:
3581:
3576:
3570:
3566:
3561:
3555:
3551:
3550:
3548:
3546:
3542:
3538:
3533:
3509:
3508:
3507:Streptoprocne
3504:
3502:
3501:
3497:
3496:
3494:
3492:
3491:Cypseloidinae
3488:
3478:
3477:
3473:
3471:
3470:
3466:
3464:
3463:
3459:
3457:
3456:
3452:
3451:
3449:
3447:
3443:
3437:
3436:
3432:
3430:
3429:
3425:
3423:
3422:
3418:
3416:
3415:
3411:
3409:
3408:
3404:
3402:
3401:
3397:
3395:
3394:
3390:
3389:
3387:
3385:
3381:
3375:
3374:
3370:
3368:
3367:
3363:
3361:
3360:
3356:
3354:
3353:
3349:
3347:
3346:
3342:
3340:
3339:
3335:
3334:
3332:
3330:
3326:
3323:
3321:
3317:
3314:
3312:
3308:
3302:
3301:
3297:
3296:
3294:
3292:
3291:Hemiprocnidae
3288:
3282:
3281:
3274:
3272:
3271:
3264:
3262:
3261:
3254:
3253:
3251:
3249:
3245:
3241:
3234:
3230:
3208:
3207:
3203:
3201:
3200:
3196:
3194:
3193:
3189:
3187:
3186:
3182:
3180:
3179:
3175:
3173:
3172:
3168:
3166:
3165:
3161:
3159:
3158:
3154:
3152:
3151:
3147:
3145:
3144:
3140:
3138:
3137:
3133:
3131:
3130:
3126:
3124:
3123:
3119:
3117:
3116:
3112:
3110:
3109:
3105:
3103:
3102:
3098:
3096:
3095:
3091:
3090:
3088:
3086:
3082:
3076:
3075:
3071:
3069:
3068:
3064:
3062:
3061:
3057:
3055:
3054:
3050:
3048:
3047:
3043:
3041:
3040:
3036:
3034:
3033:
3029:
3028:
3026:
3024:
3023:Lampornithini
3020:
3014:
3013:
3009:
3007:
3006:
3002:
3000:
2999:
2995:
2993:
2992:
2988:
2986:
2985:
2981:
2979:
2978:
2974:
2972:
2971:
2967:
2965:
2964:
2960:
2958:
2957:
2953:
2951:
2950:
2946:
2944:
2943:
2939:
2937:
2936:
2932:
2930:
2929:
2925:
2923:
2922:
2918:
2916:
2915:
2911:
2909:
2908:
2904:
2902:
2901:
2897:
2895:
2894:
2890:
2888:
2887:
2883:
2881:
2880:
2876:
2874:
2873:
2869:
2867:
2866:
2862:
2860:
2859:
2855:
2853:
2852:
2848:
2846:
2845:
2841:
2839:
2838:
2834:
2832:
2831:
2830:Chlorostilbon
2827:
2825:
2824:
2820:
2818:
2817:
2813:
2811:
2810:
2806:
2804:
2803:
2802:Campylopterus
2799:
2797:
2796:
2792:
2790:
2789:
2785:
2783:
2782:
2778:
2776:
2775:
2771:
2769:
2768:
2764:
2763:
2761:
2759:
2755:
2752:
2750:
2746:
2740:
2739:
2735:
2734:
2732:
2730:
2726:
2716:
2715:
2711:
2709:
2708:
2704:
2702:
2701:
2697:
2695:
2694:
2690:
2688:
2687:
2683:
2681:
2680:
2676:
2674:
2673:
2669:
2667:
2666:
2665:Oreotrochilus
2662:
2660:
2659:
2655:
2653:
2652:
2648:
2646:
2645:
2641:
2639:
2638:
2634:
2632:
2631:
2627:
2625:
2624:
2620:
2618:
2617:
2613:
2611:
2610:
2606:
2604:
2603:
2599:
2597:
2596:
2592:
2591:
2589:
2587:
2583:
2577:
2576:
2572:
2570:
2569:
2565:
2563:
2562:
2558:
2556:
2555:
2551:
2549:
2548:
2544:
2542:
2541:
2537:
2535:
2534:
2530:
2528:
2527:
2523:
2521:
2520:
2516:
2514:
2513:
2509:
2507:
2506:
2502:
2500:
2499:
2495:
2493:
2492:
2488:
2487:
2485:
2483:
2479:
2476:
2474:
2470:
2464:
2463:
2459:
2457:
2456:
2452:
2450:
2449:
2445:
2443:
2442:
2438:
2436:
2435:
2431:
2429:
2428:
2424:
2422:
2421:
2417:
2415:
2414:
2410:
2408:
2407:
2403:
2401:
2400:
2396:
2394:
2393:
2389:
2387:
2386:
2382:
2381:
2379:
2377:
2373:
2367:
2366:
2362:
2360:
2359:
2355:
2353:
2352:
2348:
2346:
2345:
2341:
2339:
2338:
2334:
2332:
2331:
2327:
2326:
2324:
2322:
2318:
2312:
2311:
2307:
2305:
2304:
2300:
2299:
2297:
2295:
2291:
2288:
2286:
2282:
2276:
2275:
2274:Eurotrochilus
2268:
2267:
2265:
2263:
2259:
2255:
2251:
2246:
2242:
2217:
2216:
2215:
2214:
2212:
2210:
2206:
2197:
2196:
2195:
2194:
2192:
2190:
2186:
2180:
2179:
2175:
2174:
2172:
2170:
2163:
2157:
2156:
2152:
2150:
2149:
2145:
2143:
2142:
2138:
2137:
2135:
2133:
2126:
2119:
2118:
2114:
2112:
2111:
2107:
2105:
2104:
2100:
2099:
2097:
2095:
2088:
2081:
2080:
2073:
2072:
2069:
2066:
2064:
2060:
2050:
2049:
2045:
2044:
2042:
2040:
2036:
2030:
2029:
2022:
2021:
2018:
2015:
2013:
2009:
2003:
2002:
1995:
1994:
1992:
1990:
1986:
1983:
1981:
1977:
1971:
1970:
1966:
1965:
1963:
1961:
1954:
1950:
1946:
1941:
1937:
1912:
1911:
1910:
1909:
1907:
1905:
1901:
1887:
1886:
1882:
1880:
1879:
1875:
1873:
1872:
1868:
1867:
1865:
1863:
1859:
1853:
1852:
1845:
1843:
1842:
1835:
1834:
1831:
1828:
1826:
1825:Podargiformes
1822:
1819:
1817:
1816:Podargiformes
1813:
1810:
1808:
1804:
1786:
1785:
1781:
1779:
1778:
1774:
1773:
1771:
1769:
1765:
1759:
1758:
1754:
1753:
1751:
1749:
1742:
1739:
1737:
1733:
1730:
1728:
1724:
1714:
1713:
1709:
1708:
1706:
1704:
1700:
1694:
1693:
1689:
1688:
1686:
1684:
1677:
1671:
1670:
1663:
1661:
1660:
1653:
1651:
1650:
1649:Euronyctibius
1643:
1642:
1639:
1636:
1634:
1630:
1627:
1625:
1621:
1618:
1616:
1612:
1598:
1597:
1593:
1591:
1590:
1586:
1585:
1583:
1581:
1577:
1571:
1570:
1566:
1564:
1563:
1559:
1557:
1556:
1552:
1551:
1549:
1547:
1543:
1537:
1536:
1532:
1530:
1529:
1525:
1523:
1522:
1518:
1516:
1515:
1511:
1509:
1508:
1504:
1502:
1501:
1497:
1495:
1494:
1490:
1488:
1487:
1483:
1481:
1480:
1476:
1474:
1473:
1469:
1467:
1466:
1462:
1460:
1459:
1455:
1453:
1452:
1448:
1446:
1445:
1441:
1439:
1438:
1434:
1433:
1431:
1429:
1428:Caprimulginae
1425:
1419:
1418:
1411:
1410:
1407:
1404:
1402:
1401:Caprimulgidae
1398:
1391:
1390:
1382:
1381:
1378:
1375:
1373:
1369:
1363:
1362:
1358:
1356:
1355:
1354:Archaeotrogon
1351:
1349:
1348:
1347:Archaeodromus
1344:
1343:
1341:
1339:
1332:
1328:
1324:
1319:
1315:
1309:
1305:
1303:
1299:
1297:
1293:
1291:
1287:
1285:
1281:
1280:
1277:
1272:
1268:
1264:
1256:
1251:
1249:
1244:
1242:
1237:
1236:
1233:
1227:
1226:0-8014-9600-4
1223:
1219:
1215:
1212:
1208:
1204:
1201:
1197:
1196:
1181:
1177:
1176:"Trochilidae"
1171:
1168:
1161:
1159:
1152:
1149:
1148:
1142:
1139:
1133:
1127:
1124:
1121:
1115:
1109:
1108:
1104:
1102:
1100:
1093:
1090:
1087:
1086:
1080:
1077:
1071:
1065:
1062:
1059:
1053:
1047:
1046:
1042:
1040:
1036:
1028:
1021:
1018:
1015:
1014:
1008:
1005:
999:
993:
990:
987:
981:
975:
974:
970:
968:
964:
956:
949:
946:
943:
942:
936:
933:
927:
921:
918:
915:
909:
902:
899:
897:
894:
892:
889:
874:
873:
869:
867:
863:
855:
848:
845:
842:
839:
838:
832:
829:
823:
817:
814:
811:
805:
799:
798:
794:
792:
790:
783:
780:
777:
776:
770:
767:
761:
755:
752:
749:
743:
736:
732:
729:
726:
723:
719:
716:
713:
710:
707:
704:
701:
700:L. v. amadoni
698:
683:
682:
678:
676:
672:
664:
657:
654:
651:
650:
644:
641:
635:
629:
626:
623:
617:
610:
607:
606:L. a. nobilis
604:
601:
598:
597:L. a. salvini
595:
592:
591:A.R. Phillips
589:
586:
583:
579:
576:
573:
570:
567:
564:
549:
548:
544:
542:
540:
533:
530:
527:
526:
520:
517:
511:
505:
502:
499:
493:
487:
484:
482:
479:
477:
474:
459:
458:
454:
452:
448:
440:
433:
416:
410:
405:
404:
397:
394:
392:
388:
384:
380:
375:
373:
369:
364:
362:
358:
354:
350:
346:
342:
338:
334:
329:
327:
323:
319:
315:
311:
307:
306:L. clemenciae
304:
299:
297:
293:
288:
284:
280:
275:
273:
269:
265:
262:
258:
257:mitochondrial
254:
250:
242:
240:
237:
234:
230:
228:
224:
223:
218:
214:
210:
202:
198:
193:
186:
185:
180:
177:
173:
168:
163:
162:
158:
155:
154:
151:
150:Lampornithini
148:
145:
144:
141:
138:
135:
134:
131:
128:
125:
124:
121:
118:
115:
112:
111:
108:
105:
102:
101:
98:
95:
92:
91:
88:
85:
82:
81:
78:
75:
72:
71:
66:
61:
57:
54:
49:
44:
40:
36:
32:
27:
22:
19:
3544:
3505:
3498:
3474:
3467:
3460:
3453:
3446:Collocaliini
3433:
3428:Telacanthura
3426:
3419:
3412:
3405:
3398:
3391:
3373:Tachymarptis
3371:
3364:
3357:
3350:
3343:
3336:
3298:
3278:
3268:
3258:
3247:
3204:
3197:
3190:
3183:
3176:
3169:
3162:
3155:
3150:Microstilbon
3148:
3141:
3134:
3127:
3122:Chaetocercus
3120:
3113:
3106:
3099:
3092:
3072:
3065:
3058:
3051:
3044:
3037:
3030:
3010:
3003:
2996:
2989:
2984:Taphrospilus
2982:
2975:
2968:
2961:
2954:
2947:
2940:
2933:
2926:
2919:
2914:Orthorhyncus
2912:
2905:
2900:Leucochloris
2898:
2891:
2884:
2877:
2870:
2863:
2856:
2849:
2842:
2835:
2828:
2821:
2814:
2807:
2800:
2793:
2788:Anthocephala
2786:
2779:
2772:
2765:
2736:
2714:Taphrolesbia
2712:
2705:
2698:
2693:Ramphomicron
2691:
2684:
2679:Phlogophilus
2677:
2670:
2663:
2656:
2651:Opisthoprora
2649:
2642:
2635:
2628:
2621:
2614:
2609:Chalcostigma
2607:
2602:Aglaiocercus
2600:
2593:
2573:
2566:
2559:
2552:
2545:
2538:
2531:
2526:Haplophaedia
2524:
2517:
2510:
2503:
2498:Boissonneaua
2496:
2489:
2482:Heliantheini
2460:
2453:
2446:
2439:
2432:
2425:
2418:
2413:Chrysolampis
2411:
2404:
2397:
2390:
2383:
2363:
2356:
2349:
2342:
2335:
2328:
2308:
2301:
2294:Florisuginae
2272:
2261:
2250:Trochiloidea
2189:Trochiloidea
2176:
2153:
2146:
2139:
2132:Cypselavidae
2115:
2108:
2101:
2077:
2046:
2039:Aegothelidae
2028:Quipollornis
2026:
1999:
1988:
1967:
1960:Eocypselidae
1945:Apodimorphae
1904:Apodimorphae
1883:
1876:
1869:
1849:
1839:
1784:Phyllaemulor
1782:
1775:
1755:
1710:
1690:
1667:
1657:
1647:
1594:
1589:Eurostopodus
1587:
1567:
1560:
1553:
1546:Chordeilinae
1533:
1526:
1519:
1512:
1505:
1498:
1491:
1486:Nyctiphrynus
1484:
1477:
1470:
1463:
1456:
1451:Eleothreptus
1449:
1442:
1435:
1415:
1387:
1359:
1352:
1345:
1267:hummingbirds
1217:
1202:
1199:
1184:. Retrieved
1179:
1170:
1157:
1150:
1144:
1137:
1131:
1125:
1105:
1096:
1088:
1082:
1075:
1069:
1063:
1043:
1024:
1016:
1010:
1003:
997:
991:
971:
952:
944:
938:
931:
925:
919:
900:
895:
890:
870:
851:
843:
840:
834:
827:
821:
815:
795:
786:
778:
772:
765:
759:
753:
727:
714:
705:
699:
679:
660:
652:
646:
639:
633:
627:
605:
596:
587:
574:
565:
545:
536:
528:
522:
515:
509:
503:
485:
480:
475:
455:
436:
418:Common name
402:
401:
395:
383:L. calolaema
382:
378:
376:
367:
365:
360:
344:
337:monophyletic
330:
325:
321:
309:
305:
300:
276:
272:evolutionary
267:
253:biogeography
248:
246:
238:
235:
231:
221:
220:
217:hummingbirds
209:Mountaingems
208:
207:
200:
182:
176:Type species
160:
159:
113:
47:
42:
24:Mountaingem
18:
3747:Bird genera
3636:iNaturalist
3569:Wikispecies
3500:Cypseloides
3199:Thaumastura
3192:Selasphorus
3094:Archilochus
3085:Mellisugini
3074:Sternoclyta
3060:Lamprolaima
3039:Heliomaster
2970:Stephanoxis
2963:Saucerottia
2851:Elliotomyia
2837:Chrysuronia
2749:Trochilinae
2729:Patagoninae
2707:Sephanoides
2623:Heliangelus
2561:Pterophanes
2351:Phaethornis
2285:Trochilidae
2218:See below ↓
2198:See below ↓
2155:Parargornis
2103:Aegialornis
2063:Apodiformes
1913:See below ↓
1885:Rigidipenna
1807:Letornithes
1768:Nyctibiinae
1757:Paraprefica
1736:Nyctibiidae
1569:Nyctiprogne
1514:Siphonorhis
1479:Nyctidromus
1472:Macropsalis
1465:Hydropsalis
1444:Caprimulgus
1437:Antrostomus
1054:Costa Rica.
303:sister taxa
277:First, the
261:nuclear DNA
243:Systematics
140:Trochilidae
130:Apodiformes
3736:Categories
3469:Hydrochous
3462:Collocalia
3455:Aerodramus
3421:Rhaphidura
3400:Hirundapus
3384:Chaeturini
3338:Aeronautes
3300:Hemiprocne
3108:Calothorax
3101:Calliphlox
3046:Hylonympha
3012:Uranomitra
2998:Thaumasius
2991:Thalurania
2977:Talaphorus
2949:Ramosomyia
2935:Phaeoptila
2928:Phaeochroa
2907:Microchera
2879:Hylocharis
2858:Eupetomena
2823:Chlorestes
2816:Chionomesa
2758:Trochilini
2686:Polyonymus
2658:Oreonympha
2547:Loddigesia
2540:Lafresnaya
2512:Eriocnemis
2491:Aglaeactis
2473:Polytminae
2448:Heliothryx
2406:Avocettula
2376:Polytminae
2148:Cypselavus
2117:Procuculus
2048:Aegotheles
2001:Palescyvus
1969:Eocypselus
1862:Podargidae
1712:Steatornis
1624:Sedentaves
1615:Vanescaves
1555:Chordeiles
1521:Systellura
1493:Nyctipolus
1417:Ventivorus
1261:Genera of
1186:2023-08-05
1162:References
735:Van Rossem
326:margaritae
296:speciation
53:Costa Rica
3742:Lampornis
3575:Lampornis
3545:Lampornis
3435:Zoonavena
3414:Neafrapus
3366:Tachornis
3359:Panyptila
3352:Cypsiurus
3260:Laputavis
3206:Tilmatura
3178:Philodice
3171:Nesophlox
3143:Mellisuga
3053:Lampornis
3005:Trochilus
2956:Riccordia
2942:Polyerata
2893:Leucippus
2872:Goldmania
2865:Eupherusa
2844:Cynanthus
2809:Chalybura
2795:Basilinna
2644:Metallura
2637:Lophornis
2616:Discosura
2595:Adelomyia
2575:Urosticte
2533:Heliodoxa
2505:Coeligena
2441:Heliactin
2365:Threnetes
2358:Ramphodon
2337:Eutoxeres
2303:Florisuga
2178:Jungornis
1777:Nyctibius
1596:Lyncornis
1562:Lurocalis
1528:Uropsalis
1507:Setopagis
1458:Gactornis
1361:Hassiavis
1323:Strisores
1308:Strisores
1282:Kingdom:
1263:nightjars
403:Lampornis
379:Lampornis
368:Lampornis
361:Lampornis
341:monotypic
264:sequences
222:Lampornis
161:Lampornis
120:Strisores
83:Kingdom:
77:Eukaryota
3560:Q1127757
3554:Wikidata
3407:Mearnsia
3393:Chaetura
3320:Apodinae
3311:Apodidae
3185:Rhodopis
3067:Panterpe
2781:Amazilis
2774:Amazilia
2767:Abeillia
2738:Patagona
2672:Oxypogon
2586:Lesbiini
2568:Urochroa
2554:Ocreatus
2519:Ensifera
2462:Schistes
2455:Polytmus
2434:Eulampis
2427:Doryfera
2399:Augastes
2385:Androdon
2330:Anopetia
2209:Apodidae
2141:Argornis
2110:Primapus
1878:Podargus
1302:Passerea
1290:Chordata
1288:Phylum:
1284:Animalia
718:Bourcier
709:Brodkorb
569:Swainson
409:Swainson
345:Oreopyra
281:and the
195:Species
167:Swainson
136:Family:
97:Chordata
93:Phylum:
87:Animalia
73:Domain:
3714:ZooBank
3654:1432139
3628:2476731
3584:Avibase
3329:Apodini
3136:Eulidia
3129:Doricha
3115:Calypte
3032:Eugenes
2420:Colibri
2344:Glaucis
1659:Prefica
1306:Clade:
1300:Clade:
1294:Class:
1132:Habitat
1070:Habitat
1039:Female
998:Habitat
982:Panama.
967:Female
926:Habitat
866:Female
822:Habitat
760:Habitat
737:(1929)
724:(1846)
722:Mulsant
711:(1939)
675:Female
634:Habitat
611:(1932)
609:Griscom
602:(1908)
600:Ridgway
593:(1966)
584:(1889)
571:(1827)
510:Habitat
451:Female
391:hybrids
357:Eugenes
156:Genus:
146:Tribe:
126:Order:
103:Class:
3693:827271
3680:190691
3667:178053
3164:Myrtis
3157:Myrmia
2700:Sappho
2630:Lesbia
2310:Topaza
1271:swifts
1224:
733:&
731:Dickey
720:&
582:Godman
580:&
578:Salvin
424:Range
411:, 1827
400:Genus
343:genus
268:et al.
211:are a
169:, 1827
3701:Plazi
3649:IRMNG
3615:62XHH
3602:98063
3237:Apodi
2921:Pampa
2886:Klais
1535:Veles
213:genus
114:Clade
3675:NCBI
3662:ITIS
3641:5820
3623:GBIF
3597:BOLD
3345:Apus
1296:Aves
1222:ISBN
1138:Diet
1126:Size
1076:Diet
1064:Size
1031:Male
1004:Diet
992:Size
978:(, )
959:Male
932:Diet
920:Size
858:Male
828:Diet
816:Size
766:Diet
754:Size
667:Male
640:Diet
628:Size
516:Diet
504:Size
443:Male
308:and
259:and
255:and
107:Aves
3610:CoL
1207:doi
372:MYA
215:of
51:in
3738::
3716::
3703::
3690::
3677::
3664::
3651::
3638::
3625::
3612::
3599::
3586::
3571::
3556::
1269:,
1265:,
1203:38
1178:.
1140::
1134::
1128::
1078::
1072::
1066::
1006::
1000::
994::
934::
928::
922::
903:.
830::
824::
818::
768::
762::
756::
642::
636::
630::
518::
512::
506::
406:–
229:.
219:,
116::
45:)
3276:†
3266:†
3256:†
2270:†
2166:†
2129:†
2120:?
2091:†
2082:?
2075:†
2024:†
1997:†
1957:†
1847:†
1837:†
1745:†
1680:†
1665:†
1655:†
1645:†
1413:†
1392:"
1386:"
1384:†
1335:†
1254:e
1247:t
1240:v
1209::
1189:.
48:♀
41:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
