679:. E. Leroux. “Feu Achmet en fit aultant et continua jusques à sa mort, à laquelle, s'estant eslevées des guerres entre ses enfans, ils ont discontinué l'envoy dudict tributjusques à maintenant que Moulay Sidan reprend les vieilles eres de ses peres, à ce induit par la crainte qu'il ha du royaume d'Alger, auquel il ha peur que ses subjects de Fess, desor-mais lassez de tant de guerres, ayent recours et se vueillent soubs-mettre; en quel cas il ha donné ordre à ses ambassadeurs de pour- suivre et obtenir de ce Seigneur un commandement au divan d'Alger qu'ils ne se meuvent contre luy, et mesme ha faict soliciter sondict ambassadeur Solyman de Catagne' de poursuivre la ban-niere d'Alger, luy promettant dix mille escus de pension tous les ans pour luy aider à s'y maintenir, parce qu'il congnoit ledict par...”
494:
by sending them to the
Escorial for study. Such was the case for Zidan’s collection. Idiaquez’s nephew, Francisco Gurmendi along with Juan de Peralta requested that the collection be brought to the Escorial for this purpose. Peralta was also interested in the Escorial’s acquisition of the collection since the addition would bolster the library’s prominence. Others, such as Thomas Erpinius, also advocated for the study of the Arabic language to use as a tool in forcing Muslims to convert to Christianity. Even so, the saved manuscripts, including Zidan’s library, were not made available to the public, and kept separate from the rest of the Escorial’s collection.
493:
behind the destruction of many Arabic works. During this period, officials would search the homes of
Spanish Muslims to confiscate and destroy Arabic-language manuscripts. However, the wealthy and influential were somewhat exempt from these prohibitions, and were able to save some Arabic manuscripts
374:. From 1609, he established a Treaty of Friendship and Free Commerce which gave "free access and friendly reception for their respective subjects with any need for safeguard or safe-conduct, no matter how they come to the others' territory." He sent several more envoys to the Low Countries, such as
269:)—which broke the Anglo-Dutch axis that Morocco was relying upon as a means of protection from Spain, and so caused the Spanish navy to resume devastating raids on the Moroccan coast—and the rebellion of one of his provincial governors who established his own independent state of the
309:
in the North taking territories from Zidan. Sidi especially was held in high regard among local warriors, he controlled many thousands of men to fight for him. Moreover, he openly showed his dissatisfaction against Zidan, whom he pretended to serve.
329:. These events considerably diminished the religious prestige of the Saadians as Defenders of the Faith. The hardest blow during Zidan's reign was undoubtedly Ahmed ibn Abi Mahalli's revolt whom after consecutively conquering
485:
for permanent storage. This collection contained around 4,000 books and manuscripts. The collection remains in the
Escorial to this day, and is one of the most significant collections of Arabic manuscripts in Europe.
880:
1542:
297:
with the latter's sons fighting for the throne. Zidan lost much of his authority to warring factions and insubordinate local governors. Morocco was in a state of
1234:
1080:
1138:
1537:
1076:
Example of a golden
Saadian Dinar. This coin was struck at the time of the reign Moulay Zidan. (Numismatic Museum of the al-Maghrib Bank, Rabat, Morocco)
1664:
868:
Catalogue: Dérenbourg, Hartwig, Les manuscrits arabes de l'Escurial / décrits par
Hartwig Dérenbourg. - Paris : Leroux , 1884-1941. - 3 volumes.
1861:
1557:
1547:
1856:
254:
amid other failed military campaigns against the rebellious north. These events were exacerbated by a context of chaos that ensued amid a
552:
Moulay Ahmed el-Mansour had married ... Aicha bent Abou Baker ..., often called by Arab chroniclers because of her origin Lalla
Chebania
454:
1454:
262:
1866:
902:
850:
789:
734:
637:
595:
1479:
1464:
1247:
1434:
1694:
1597:
1562:
1552:
1399:
1374:
1131:
1851:
1592:
453:, with the cargo still aboard, hoping to sell the goods to recoup his losses. Some 4 ships from the fleet of Spanish Admiral
489:
Interestingly, at the time of this seizure of Zidan’s manuscripts, written Arabic was largely prohibited in Spain, with the
1638:
116:
1474:
1469:
1459:
1252:
449:
after suffering a defeat at
Marrakesh. After having waited for six days without being paid, Castelane sailed north for
354:
until his death, during the reign of Zidan he proposed to submit to paying the tribute in order to protect himself from
314:
231:
1841:
1714:
1484:
1424:
1075:
1517:
1625:
1444:
1124:
1108:
108:
66:
1449:
1394:
1328:
1147:
1098:
762:
438:
413:
to Muley Zidan in
Morocco in 1610 and again in 1613 and 1615 in order to obtain the release of English captives.
1871:
1755:
1338:
1226:
865:*For details of the incident see: Chantal de la Véronne, Histoire sommaire des Sa'diens au Maroc, 1997, p. 78.
410:
1727:
565:
545:
1781:
1404:
266:
1722:
1846:
1812:
1760:
1419:
1796:
1732:
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1615:
1489:
426:
302:
239:
1745:
676:
1836:
1804:
1776:
1684:
1414:
1359:
1709:
350:
The civil wars had interrupted the tribute of vassalage that was previously paid to the
Ottomans by
1791:
1768:
1704:
1494:
1290:
1173:
943:
919:
490:
474:
270:
1750:
1633:
1610:
1587:
1582:
1439:
1218:
1194:
1181:
1165:
980:
939:
406:
398:
in 1593. He abandoned the empire in 1618, but the
Moroccan occupation damaged the Songhai state.
112:
1364:
1689:
1384:
1333:
1275:
1265:
898:
846:
785:
730:
721:
702:
688:
633:
624:
591:
582:
529:
375:
101:
38:
777:
1786:
1740:
1527:
1354:
1315:
1186:
1048:
1011:
972:
931:
825:
255:
1605:
1409:
1369:
1320:
1305:
1285:
1242:
1202:
1155:
1091:
507:
458:
422:
371:
355:
351:
290:
224:
204:
174:
94:
82:
56:
963:
Surtz, Ronald (July 2001). "Morisco Women, Written Texts, and the Valencia Inquisition".
935:
473:
and inventoried. After Cadiz, the collection would continue on its journey, by order of
1653:
1643:
1620:
1499:
1429:
1346:
395:
383:
306:
164:
1830:
1674:
1572:
1295:
1280:
1037:"Traveling Libraries: The Arabic Manuscripts of Muley Zidan and the Escorial Library"
1000:"Traveling Libraries: The Arabic Manuscripts of Muley Zidan and the Escorial Library"
814:"Traveling Libraries: The Arabic Manuscripts of Muley Zidan and the Escorial Library"
466:
434:
367:
326:
251:
216:
547:
Les sources inédites de l'histoire du Maroc: Dynastie saadienne, 1530-1660. 1e série
1210:
881:
Traveling Libraries: The Arabic Manuscripts of Muley Zidan and the Escorial Library
469:) and convicted the crew of piracy. From Lisbon, Zidan’s library was then taken to
147:
143:
661:
503:
482:
192:
1052:
1015:
829:
421:
By historical coincidence, a part of the library of this sultan, known as the
17:
450:
430:
379:
334:
298:
243:
567:
Nozhet-Elhâdi : Histoire de la dynastie saadienne au Maroc (1511-1670)
330:
274:
235:
227:
by his wife Lalla Aisha bint Abu Bakkar, a lady of the Chebanate tribe.
984:
446:
318:
294:
278:
220:
159:
780:
Britain and Morocco during the embassy of John Drummond Hay, 1845-1886
230:
He ruled only over the southern half of the country after his brother
663:
Nozhet-Elhâdi: Histoire de la dynastie saadienne au Maroc (1511-1670)
531:
Nozhet-Elhâdi: Histoire de la dynastie saadienne au Maroc (1511-1670)
478:
462:
442:
1116:
976:
1036:
999:
813:
470:
425:, has been kept in Spain to the present day. During the revolt of
322:
247:
623:
Holt, Peter Malcolm; Lambton, Ann K. S.; Lewis, Bernard (1977).
433:, Jehan Philippe de Castelane, to move his household goods from
1120:
477:
to be taken to the home of council member Juan de Idiáquez in
481:. Two years later in 1614 the collection was transmitted to
677:
Les Sources inédites de l'histoire du Maroc de 1530 à 1845
337:
in 1612 and occupied it, while Zidan was forced to flee.
325:
in 1610, but they also seized the opportunity to capture
692:
by Ed de Moor, Otto Zwartjes, G. J. H. van Gelder p.127
358:, he then resumed paying the tribute to the Ottomans.
1081:
Qur'an of Mawlay Zidan, written in the El Badi Palace
629:
by P. M. Holt, Ann K. S. Lambton, Bernard Lewis p.247
289:
During the reign of Zidan, after the death of Sultan
1673:
1652:
1571:
1526:
1508:
1383:
1304:
1264:
1154:
883:" by Daniel Hershenzon of University of Connecticut
188:
180:
170:
158:
136:
126:
100:
88:
76:
72:
62:
52:
44:
37:
32:
879:Journal of Early Modern History 18 (2014) 535-544
258:pandemic which left a third of the country dead.
660:Ifrānī, Muḥammad al-Ṣaghīr ibn Muḥammad (1889).
528:Ifrānī, Muḥammad al-Ṣaghīr ibn Muḥammad (1889).
920:"An Arabic Book before the Spanish Inquisition"
845:. Vanderbilt University Press. pp. 96–97.
618:
616:
614:
564:Muḥammad al-Ṣaghīr ibn Muḥammad Ifrānī (1888).
366:Zidan established friendly relations with the
223:from 1603 to 1627. He was the son and heir of
1132:
8:
897:. Vanderbilt University Press. p. 97.
550:(in French). E. Leroux. 1933. p. 579.
429:in 1612, Muley Zidan commissioned a French
1139:
1125:
1117:
1085:
924:The Princeton University Library Chronicle
250:. This led Muley Zidan to be encircled in
29:
666:(in French). E. Leroux. pp. 337–338.
27:Saadi sultan of Morocco from 1603 to 1627
234:took the northern half and a rebel from
520:
895:Cervantes in Algiers: A Captive's Tale
843:Cervantes in Algiers: A Captive's Tale
301:with the uprising of warlords such as
293:in 1603, Morocco fell into a state of
123:
581:Andrews, Kenneth R. (26 April 1991).
7:
1035:Hershenzon, Daniel (November 2014).
998:Hershenzon, Daniel (November 2014).
812:Hershenzon, Daniel (November 2014).
534:(in French). E. Leroux. p. 404.
1628:(Abu Marwan Abd al-Malik ibn Zidan)
944:10.25290/prinunivlibrchro.64.1.0107
936:10.25290/prinunivlibrchro.64.1.0107
208:
132:Zidan Abu Maali bin Ahmad al-Mansur
1600:(Abu Marwan Abd al-Malik al-Ghazi)
370:, with the help of envoys such as
313:These uprisings were triggered by
25:
394:Zidan and his forces invaded the
1480:Ahmad ibn Ibrahim (al-Mustansir)
1465:Ahmad ibn Ibrahim (al-Mustansir)
184:Aisha bint Abu Bakkar al-Shabani
1862:17th-century monarchs in Africa
1400:Abu Yusuf Yaqub ibn Abd al-Haqq
1041:Journal of Early Modern History
1004:Journal of Early Modern History
818:Journal of Early Modern History
1518:Muhammad ibn Ali Amrani-Joutey
1475:Muhammad ibn Ahmad (al-Wathiq)
627:The Cambridge history of Islam
1:
1639:Mohammed esh-Sheikh es-Seghir
1548:Ali ibn Muhammad (Abu Hassun)
965:The Sixteenth Century Journal
690:Poetry, politics and polemics
333:and Draa reached the capital
261:His reign saw the end of the
117:Mohammed esh-Sheikh es-Seghir
1857:17th-century Moroccan people
1763:(Muhammad ibn Abd al-Rahman)
1460:Muhammad III ibn Abd al-Aziz
457:intercepted the vessel near
315:Mohammed esh Sheikh el Mamun
232:Mohammed esh Sheikh el Mamun
1425:Abu al-Hasan Ali ibn Othman
587:by Kenneth R. Andrews p.167
506:, where manuscripts of the
211:) (died September 1627; or
1888:
1782:Abd al-Hafid ibn al-Hassan
1229:(Yahya ibn Idris ibn Umar)
1109:Abu Marwan Abd al-Malik II
585:Ships, money, and politics
109:Abu Marwan Abd al-Malik II
67:Abu Marwan Abd al-Malik II
1777:Abd al-Aziz ibn al-Hassan
1665:Muhammad al-Haj ad-Dila'i
1395:Abu Yahya ibn Abd al-Haqq
1349:(Abd al-Wahid al-Makhluʿ)
1105:
1096:
1088:
1053:10.1163/15700658-12342419
1016:10.1163/15700658-12342419
830:10.1163/15700658-12342419
776:Khalid Ben Srhir (2005).
763:Little, Brown and Company
759:The Lost Cities of Africa
720:Kontzi, Reinhold (1996).
570:(in French). p. 312.
141:
131:
122:
1867:17th-century Arab people
1815:(Muhammad ibn al-Hassan)
1771:(Al-Hassan ibn Muhammad)
1756:Abd al-Rahman ibn Hisham
1728:Zin al-Abidin ibn Ismail
757:Davidson, Basil (1959).
1735:(Muhammad ibn Abdallah)
1700:Abd al-Malik ibn Ismail
1405:Abu Yaqub Yusuf an-Nasr
1255:(al-Hasan ibn al-Qasim)
1248:Abu'l-Aysh ibn al-Qasim
1237:(al-Hasan ibn Muhammad)
726:by Gerard Wiegers p.410
706:by Gerard Wiegers p.405
1723:Al-Mustadi' ibn Ismail
1593:Muhammad al-Mutawakkil
1500:Abd al-Haqq ibn Uthman
1435:Abu Zayyan Muhammad II
893:Garcés, María (2002).
841:Garcés, María (2002).
1852:People from Marrakesh
1807:(Hassan ibn Muhammad)
1751:Suleiman ibn Muhammad
1741:Al-Yazid ibn Muhammad
1717:(Muhammad ibn Ismail)
1616:Abdallah al-Ghalib II
1543:Muhammad ibn Muhammad
1485:Abd al-Aziz ibn Ahmad
445:, for a sum of 3,000
427:Ahmed ibn Abi Mahalli
303:Ahmed ibn Abi Mahalli
240:Ahmed ibn Abi Mahalli
1799:(Muhammad ibn Yusuf)
1415:Abu al-Rabi Sulayman
1341:(Yusuf al-Mustansir)
1243:Al-Qasim ibn Ibrahim
1221:(Yahya ibn al-Qasim)
1197:(Yahya ibn Muhammad)
1168:(Idris ibn Abdallah)
918:Skemer, Don (2002).
215:) was the embattled
1787:Yusuf ibn al-Hassan
1746:Hisham ibn Muhammad
1705:Abdallah ibn Ismail
1455:Abd al-Aziz ibn Ali
1420:Abu Sa'id Uthman II
1291:Ibrahim ibn Tashfin
491:Spanish Inquisition
246:claiming to be the
1842:Sultans of Morocco
1792:Muhammad ibn Arafa
1634:Al-Walid ibn Zidan
1611:Abu Faris Abdallah
1588:Abdallah al-Ghalib
1583:Mohammed al-Shaykh
1563:Ahmad ibn Muhammad
1558:Muhammad ibn Ahmad
1553:Ahmad ibn Muhammad
1538:Muhammad ibn Yahya
1490:Abdallah ibn Ahmad
1440:Abu Bakr ibn Faris
1189:(Ali ibn Muhammad)
1182:Muhammad ibn Idris
467:then part of Spain
439:Santa Cruz do Cabo
407:James I of England
113:Al Walid ben Zidan
1824:
1823:
1685:Al-Rashid ibn Ali
1531:(1471–1549, 1554)
1509:Idrisid interlude
1360:Yahya al-Mu'tasim
1355:Abdallah al-ʿAdil
1334:Muhammad al-Nasir
1323:(Abu Yaqub Yusuf)
1276:Yusuf ibn Tashfin
1266:Almoravid dynasty
1205:(Yahya ibn Yahya)
1176:(Idris ibn Idris)
1148:Rulers of Morocco
1115:
1114:
1106:Succeeded by
1099:Sultan of Morocco
376:Muhammad Alguazir
341:Foreign relations
305:in the South and
263:Anglo-Spanish war
198:
197:
154:
153:
39:Sultan of Morocco
16:(Redirected from
1879:
1816:
1808:
1800:
1772:
1764:
1736:
1718:
1695:Ahmad ibn Ismail
1629:
1626:Abd al-Malik II
1601:
1528:Wattasid dynasty
1495:Uthman ibn Ahmad
1375:Said al-Muʿtadid
1350:
1342:
1324:
1256:
1238:
1230:
1222:
1214:
1206:
1198:
1190:
1177:
1169:
1141:
1134:
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1103:1603–1627
1089:Preceded by
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271:Republic of Salé
267:Treaty of London
210:
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30:
21:
1887:
1886:
1882:
1881:
1880:
1878:
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1872:Sons of sultans
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1814:
1806:
1798:
1770:
1762:
1734:
1716:
1677:
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1657:
1648:
1627:
1606:Ahmad al-Mansur
1599:
1598:Abd al-Malik I
1575:
1567:
1530:
1522:
1510:
1504:
1450:Tashfin ibn Ali
1445:Ibrahim ibn Ali
1410:Abu Thabit Amir
1387:
1385:Marinid dynasty
1379:
1370:Abd al-Wahid II
1365:Idris al-Ma'mun
1348:
1347:Abd al-Wahid I
1340:
1329:Yaqub al-Mansur
1322:
1308:
1306:Almohad dynasty
1300:
1286:Tashfin ibn Ali
1268:
1260:
1254:
1236:
1228:
1220:
1212:
1204:
1196:
1188:
1175:
1167:
1158:
1156:Idrisid dynasty
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1145:
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1094:
1092:Ahmad al-Mansur
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724:Romania Arabica
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461:and took it to
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404:
392:
372:Samuel Pallache
364:
352:Ahmad al-Mansur
348:
343:
291:Ahmed al-Mansur
287:
265:(with the 1604
225:Ahmad al-Mansur
209:زيدان أبو معالي
201:Zidan Abu Maali
175:Ahmad al-Mansur
115:
111:
107:
95:Saadi Sultanate
93:
83:Saadi Sultanate
81:
57:Ahmad al-Mansur
33:Zidan Abu Maali
28:
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15:
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11:
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1720:
1712:
1710:Ali ibn Ismail
1707:
1702:
1697:
1692:
1690:Ismail ibn Ali
1687:
1681:
1679:
1678:(1666–present)
1671:
1670:
1668:
1667:
1661:
1659:
1650:
1649:
1647:
1646:
1644:Ahmad al-Abbas
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1621:Zidan al-Nasir
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1470:Musa ibn Faris
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1430:Abu Inan Faris
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1213:(Ali ibn Umar)
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1070:External links
1068:
1065:
1064:
1047:(6): 549–550.
1027:
1010:(6): 544–548.
990:
971:(2): 421–433.
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368:Dutch Republic
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19:
18:Moulay Zaydan
1813:Muhammad VI
1761:Muhammad IV
1715:Muhammad II
1097:
1056:. Retrieved
1044:
1040:
1030:
1019:. Retrieved
1007:
1003:
993:
968:
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958:
947:. Retrieved
927:
923:
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875:
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833:. Retrieved
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795:. Retrieved
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740:. Retrieved
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643:. Retrieved
628:
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601:. Retrieved
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455:Luis Fajardo
420:
405:
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365:
349:
312:
288:
260:
229:
212:
200:
199:
1837:1627 deaths
1797:Muhammad V
1658:(1659–1663)
1576:(1549–1659)
1511:(1465–1471)
1388:(1244–1465)
1309:(1121–1269)
1269:(1040–1147)
504:El Escorial
483:El Escorial
475:Phillip III
213:Muley Zidan
193:Sunni Islam
53:Predecessor
48:1603 – 1627
1831:Categories
1805:Hassan II
1219:Yahya III
1058:2020-11-24
1021:2020-11-24
949:2020-11-24
930:(1): 118.
835:2020-10-23
824:(6): 541.
797:25 October
742:25 October
645:25 October
603:25 October
515:References
327:al-Ma'mura
317:conceding
219:Sultan of
1769:Hassan I
1656:interlude
1339:Yusuf II
1253:Hasan II
1227:Yahya IV
1203:Yahya II
1174:Idris II
1159:(788–974)
451:Marseille
431:privateer
380:Al-Hajari
335:Marrakesh
299:civil war
285:Civil war
244:Marrakesh
137:Era dates
63:Successor
1321:Yusuf I
1235:Hasan I
1195:Yahya I
1166:Idris I
498:See also
331:Tafilalt
275:Azemmour
273:between
236:Tafilalt
189:Religion
1211:Ali II
985:2671740
510:is kept
447:escudos
402:England
356:Algiers
323:Spanish
321:to the
319:Larache
295:anarchy
221:Morocco
160:Dynasty
1654:Dila'i
1187:Ali I
983:
942:
901:
849:
788:
733:
636:
594:
479:Madrid
463:Lisbon
459:Mehdya
443:Agadir
256:plague
205:Arabic
181:Mother
171:Father
981:JSTOR
940:JSTOR
471:Cadiz
409:sent
248:Mahdi
217:Saadi
127:Names
102:Issue
45:Reign
899:ISBN
847:ISBN
799:2014
786:ISBN
744:2014
731:ISBN
647:2014
634:ISBN
605:2014
592:ISBN
435:Safi
382:and
279:Salé
277:and
252:Safi
144:16th
89:Died
77:Born
1049:doi
1012:doi
973:doi
932:doi
826:doi
437:to
1833::
1045:18
1043:.
1039:.
1008:18
1006:.
1002:.
979:.
969:32
967:.
938:.
928:64
926:.
922:.
822:18
820:.
816:.
761:.
729:.
708:ff
632:.
613:^
590:.
441:,
386:.
378:,
281:.
238:,
207::
1140:e
1133:t
1126:v
1061:.
1051::
1024:.
1014::
987:.
975::
952:.
934::
907:.
855:.
838:.
828::
801:.
746:.
649:.
607:.
465:(
203:(
150:)
146:–
142:(
20:)
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