414:
931:), and Col, or Columbia. Other background lines less-often cited in the scientific literature are Ws, or Wassilewskija, C24, Cvi, or Cape Verde Islands, Nossen, etc. (see for ex.) Sets of closely related accessions named Col-0, Col-1, etc., have been obtained and characterized; in general, mutant lines are available through stock centers, of which best-known are the Nottingham Arabidopsis Stock Center-NASC and the Arabidopsis Biological Resource Center-ABRC in Ohio, USA. The Col-0 accession was selected by RĂ©dei from within a (nonirradiated) population of seeds designated 'Landsberg' which he received from Laibach. Columbia (named for the location of RĂ©dei's former institution,
2181:
receptor) and EF-Tu (bacterial EF-Tu protein), which use signal transduction pathways to initiate the disease response pathway. The pathway leads to the recognition of the pathogen causing the infected cells to undergo cell death to stop the spread of the pathogen. Plants with FLS2 and EF-Tu receptors have shown to have increased fitness in the population. This has led to the belief that plant-pathogen resistance is an evolutionary mechanism that has built up over generations to respond to dynamic environments, such as increased predation and extreme temperatures.
350:
1842:
727:
204:
57:
1182:
8277:
44:
601:
1015:, it has been used to found several laboratory strains that take about 6 weeks from germination to mature seed. The small size of the plant is convenient for cultivation in a small space, and it produces many seeds. Further, the selfing nature of this plant assists genetic experiments. Also, as an individual plant can produce several thousand seeds, each of the above criteria leads to
2381:
significant beneficial genetic variability. However, these meioses can provide the adaptive benefit of recombinational repair of DNA damages during formation of germ cells at each generation. Such a benefit may have been sufficient to allow the long-term persistence of meioses even when followed by self-fertilization. A physical mechanism for self-pollination in
8289:
5949:
734:: Introns are in grey. Some genes consist of 5′ and 3′ portions. Strand 1 and 2 genes are transcribed clockwise and counterclockwise, respectively. The innermost circle provides the boundaries of the large and small single-copy regions (LSC and SSC, violet) separated by a pair of inverted repeats (IRa and IRB, black).
547:
readily grows and often pioneers rocky, sandy, and calcareous soils. It is generally considered a weed, due to its widespread distribution in agricultural fields, roadsides, railway lines, waste ground, and other disturbed habitats, but due to its limited competitive ability and small size, it is not
2191:
Plant-pathogen interactions are important for an understanding of how plants have evolved to combat different types of pathogens that may affect them. Variation in resistance of plants across populations is due to variation in environmental factors. Plants that have evolved resistance, whether it be
2380:
is a predominantly self-pollinating plant with an outcrossing rate estimated at less than 0.3%. An analysis of the genome-wide pattern of linkage disequilibrium suggested that self-pollination evolved roughly a million years ago or more. Meioses that lead to self-pollination are unlikely to produce
1869:
root (primary root) with numerous root hairs, b) Biofilm-forming bacteria, c) Fungal or oomycete hyphae surrounding the root surface, d) Primary root densely covered by spores and protists, e, f) Protists, most likely belonging to the
Bacillariophyceae class, g) Bacteria and bacterial filaments, h,
806:
reference proteome. Among the 27,600 protein-coding genes 25,402 (91.8%) are now annotated with "meaningful" product names, although a large fraction of these proteins is likely only poorly understood and only known in general terms (e.g. as "DNA-binding protein without known specificity"). Uniprot
2180:
is a model organism used to determine specific defense mechanisms of plant-pathogen resistance. These plants have special receptors on their cell surfaces that allow for detection of pathogens and initiate mechanisms to inhibit pathogen growth. They contain two receptors, FLS2 (bacterial flagellin
911:
gene knockout collections are a unique resource for plant biology made possible by the availability of high-throughput transformation and funding for genomics resources. The site of T-DNA insertions has been determined for over 300,000 independent transgenic lines, with the information and seeds
2047:
PTI is able to combat pathogens in a nonspecific manner. A stronger and more specific response in plants is that of effector-triggered immunity (ETI), which is dependent upon the recognition of pathogen effectors, proteins secreted by the pathogen that alter functions in the host, by plant
8132:
3531:
Platt A, Horton M, Huang YS, Li Y, Anastasio AE, Mulyati NW, Agren J, Bossdorf O, Byers D, Donohue K, Dunning M, Holub EB, Hudson A, Le Corre V, Loudet O, Roux F, Warthmann N, Weigel D, Rivero L, Scholl R, Nordborg M, Bergelson J, Borevitz JO (February 2010). Novembre J (ed.).
2192:
the general variation or the SAR variation, have been able to live longer and hold off necrosis of their tissue (premature death of cells), which leads to better adaptation and fitness for populations that are in rapidly changing environments. In the future, comparisons of the
1818:
376:. The basal leaves are green to slightly purplish in color, 1.5–5 cm long, and 2–10 mm broad, with an entire to coarsely serrated margin; the stem leaves are smaller and unstalked, usually with an entire margin. Leaves are covered with small, unicellular hairs called
1205:. According to this model, floral organ identity genes are divided into three classes - class A genes (which affect sepals and petals), class B genes (which affect petals and stamens), and class C genes (which affect stamens and carpels). These genes code for
1827:
A schematic of PAMP-triggered immunity, to be specific recognition of flagellin by FLS2 (top left), effector-triggered immunity depicted through the recognition of avrRpt2 by RPS2 through RIN4 (top-right), microscopic view of callose deposition in an
1617:
eggs. As plants would support the silkworms with oxygen, and the silkworms would in turn provide the plants with necessary carbon dioxide and nutrients through their waste, researchers will evaluate whether plants successfully perform
6285:
Urban, L.; Chabane Sari, D.; Orsal, B.; Lopes, M.; Miranda, R.; Aarrouf, J. (2018). "UV-C light and pulsed light as alternatives to chemical and biological elicitors for stimulating plant natural defenses against fungal diseases".
2187:
has also been used to study SAR. This pathway uses benzothiadiazol, a chemical inducer, to induce transcription factors, mRNA, of SAR genes. This accumulation of transcription factors leads to inhibition of pathogen-related genes.
5972:
Collins NC, Thordal-Christensen H, Lipka V, Bau S, Kombrink E, Qiu JL, HĂĽckelhoven R, Stein M, Freialdenhoven A, Somerville SC, Schulze-Lefert P (October 2003). "SNARE-protein-mediated disease resistance at the plant cell wall".
517:
have been collected from throughout its natural and introduced range. These accessions exhibit considerable genetic and phenotypic variation, which can be used to study the adaptation of this species to different environments.
1667:
Understanding how plants achieve resistance is important to protect the world's food production, and the agriculture industry. Many model systems have been developed to better understand interactions between plants and
699:, and tobacco. The latter two were attractive, since they were easily transformable with the then-current technologies, while maize was a well-established genetic model for plant biology. The breakthrough year for
1229:
plants. Much of the understanding has come from analyzing mutants in leaf development, some of which were identified in the 1960s, but were not analysed with genetic and molecular techniques until the mid-1990s.
4979:
Kaiser G, Kleiner O, Beisswenger C, Batschauer A. Increased DNA repair in
Arabidopsis plants overexpressing CPD photolyase. Planta. 2009 Aug;230(3):505-15. doi: 10.1007/s00425-009-0962-y. Epub 2009 Jun 12. PMID
7434:
Bernstein H; Byerly HC; Hopf FA; Michod RE (1985). "Genetic damage, mutation, and the evolution of sex". Science. 229 (4719): 1277–81. Bibcode:1985Sci...229.1277B. doi:10.1126/science.3898363. PMID 3898363
5218:
Moreno N, Bougourd S, Haseloff J and Fiejo JA. 2006. Chapter 44: Imaging Plant Cells. In: Pawley JB (Editor). Handbook of
Biological Confocal Microscopy - 3rd edition. SpringerScience+Business Media, New York.
1526:
and selected for the absence of gravitropic action showed negative phototropic response to blue or white light, and positive response to red light, indicating that the roots also show positive phototropism.
8077:
6735:
Delaney TP, Uknes S, Vernooij B, Friedrich L, Weymann K, Negrotto D, Gaffney T, Gut-Rella M, Kessmann H, Ward E, Ryals J (November 1994). "A central role of salicylic Acid in plant disease resistance".
2109:(SA) analog, has been used historically as an antifungal compound in crop plants. BTH, as well as SA, has been shown to induce SAR in plants. The initiation of the SAR pathway was first demonstrated in
541:. It also appears to be native in tropical alpine ecosystems in Africa and perhaps South Africa. It has been introduced and naturalized worldwide, including in North America around the 17th century.
8041:
2137:. Another example of SAR would be the research done with transgenic tobacco plants, which express bacterial salicylate hydroxylase, nahG gene, requires the accumulation of SA for its expression
3257:
Exposito-Alonso M, Becker C, Schuenemann VJ, Reiter E, Setzer C, Slovak R, Brachi B, Hagmann J, Grimm DG, Chen J, Busch W, Bergelson J, Ness RW, Krause J, Burbano HA, Weigel D (February 2018).
7980:
7875:
8059:
767:
has one of the smallest genomes among plants. It was long thought to have the smallest genome of all flowering plants, but that title is now considered to belong to plants in the genus
672:
as a useful organism for biological laboratory experiments. RĂ©dei wrote several scholarly reviews instrumental in introducing the model to the scientific community. The start of the
6024:
Lipka V, Dittgen J, Bednarek P, Bhat R, Wiermer M, Stein M, Landtag J, Brandt W, Rosahl S, Scheel D, Llorente F, Molina A, Parker J, Somerville S, Schulze-Lefert P (November 2005).
5350:
6787:
Ben Khaled, Sara; Postma, Jelle; Robatzek, Silke (4 August 2015). "A Moving View: Subcellular
Trafficking Processes in Pattern Recognition Receptor–Triggered Plant Immunity".
5292:
943:
Genome
Initiative. The Later (Landsberg erecta) line was selected by RĂ©dei (because of its short stature) from a Landsberg population he had mutagenized with X-rays. As the L
4121:
4999:
2091:. Recognition of avrRpt2 by RPS2 occurs via the guardee protein RIN4, which is cleaved. Recognition of a pathogen effector leads to a dramatic immune response known as the
7321:
5849:
4017:"Evolution of genome size and chromosome number in the carnivorous plant genus Genlisea (Lentibulariaceae), with a new estimate of the minimum genome size in angiosperms"
2870:
2813:
435:
can complete its entire lifecycle in six weeks. The central stem that produces flowers grows after about 3 weeks, and the flowers naturally self-pollinate. In the lab,
400:. Roots are simple in structure, with a single primary root that grows vertically downward, later producing smaller lateral roots. These roots form interactions with
8981:
8590:
8071:
5876:
5403:
3102:
2499:
6894:
Zipfel C, Robatzek S, Navarro L, Oakeley EJ, Jones JD, Felix G, Boller T (April 2004). "Bacterial disease resistance in
Arabidopsis through flagellin perception".
3506:
1166:). These organs are arranged in a series of whorls, four sepals on the outer whorl, followed by four petals inside this, six stamens, and a central carpel region.
8138:
8786:
8652:
8085:
7986:
7448:
2176:
throughout their lifetimes. In response to the presence of pathogens, plants have evolved receptors on their cell surfaces to detect and respond to pathogens.
8114:
1108:
as a control group, although the experiments also found some variation in the plants grown in regolith based on the location the samples were taken from, as
1841:
8149:
7380:
Tang C, Toomajian C, Sherman-Broyles S, Plagnol V, Guo YL, Hu TT, Clark RM, Nasrallah JB, Weigel D, Nordborg M (August 2007). "The evolution of selfing in
6103:"Arabidopsis PEN3/PDR8, an ATP binding cassette transporter, contributes to nonhost resistance to inappropriate pathogens that enter by direct penetration"
561:
8126:
2948:
LĂłpez-Bucio J, Campos-Cuevas JC, Hernández-CalderĂłn E, Velásquez-Becerra C, FarĂas-RodrĂguez R, MacĂas-RodrĂguez LI, Valencia-Cantero E (February 2007).
2434:
2835:
1308:
on the whole, and their roots in particular, are relatively translucent. This, together with their small size, facilitates live cell imaging using both
1178:
mutation, for example, stamens become petals and carpels are replaced with a new flower, resulting in a recursively repeated sepal-petal-petal pattern.
413:
4151:
2950:"Bacillus megaterium rhizobacteria promote growth and alter root-system architecture through an auxin- and ethylene-independent signaling mechanism in
8120:
7556:
2932:
2911:
8942:
8538:
7707:
5664:
1882:. The reason most plants are resistant to most pathogens is through nonhost resistance - not all pathogens will infect all plants. An example where
4797:
2751:
Durvasula A, Fulgione A, Gutaker RM, Alacakaptan SI, Flood PJ, Neto C, Tsuchimatsu T, Burbano HA, PicĂł FX, Alonso-Blanco C, Hancock AM (May 2017).
783:, a carnivorous plant, showing a genome size of approximately 61 Mbp. It was the first plant genome to be sequenced, completed in 2000 by the
8994:
8955:
8603:
8551:
2539:
2530:
2021:, tobacco plant that does not recognize EF-Tu, thereby permitting recognition of bacterial EF-Tu thereby confirming EFR as the receptor of EF-Tu.
5348:
Friedman, Jannice (2 November 2020). "The
Evolution of Annual and Perennial Plant Life Histories: Ecological Correlates and Genetic Mechanisms".
3316:
8760:
8675:
8108:
7885:
6388:, Jones JD, Zipfel C (April 2010). "Interfamily transfer of a plant pattern-recognition receptor confers broad-spectrum bacterial resistance".
3391:
2400:
2351:
conditions have been described. Use of these devices may aid understanding of pollen-tube guidance and the mechanism of sexual reproduction in
5808:
8065:
7963:
7587:
6479:"RPS2, an Arabidopsis disease resistance locus specifying recognition of Pseudomonas syringae strains expressing the avirulence gene avrRpt2"
4343:
Gualberto JM, Mileshina D, Wallet C, Niazi AK, Weber-Lotfi F, Dietrich A (2014). "The plant mitochondrial genome: dynamics and maintenance".
2307:
1935:
1728:
4752:
Lolle SJ, Victor JL, Young JM, Pruitt RE (March 2005). "Genome-wide non-mendelian inheritance of extra-genomic information in
Arabidopsis".
2125:, which usually exists in a multiplex (oligomeric) state, becomes monomeric (a single unit) upon reduction. When NPR1 becomes monomeric, it
9083:
7821:
7038:
Lapin, Dmitry; Bhandari, Deepak D.; Parker, Jane E. (25 August 2020). "Origins and
Immunity Networking Functions of EDS1 Family Proteins".
3703:
2394:
2032:
has been instrumental in dissecting these pathways to better understand the regulation of immune responses, the most notable one being the
5874:
Lacchini, Elia; Goossens, Alain (2020). "Combinatorial
Control of Plant Specialized Metabolism: Mechanisms, Functions, and Consequences".
8091:
2406:
1241:, the genetics behind leaf shape development have become more clear and have been broken down into three stages: The initiation of the
298:), native to Eurasia and Africa. Commonly found along the shoulders of roads and in disturbed land, it is generally considered a weed.
8463:
1606:
1313:
6079:
1003:
gene to a wild-type state) was later suggested to be an artifact because the mutants show increased outcrossing due to organ fusion.
695:
started to become widely used in plant research laboratories around the world. It was one of several candidates that included maize,
9078:
8143:
8047:
8014:
7997:
7957:
2894:
1368:
response. Understanding the function of these receptors has helped plant biologists understand the signaling cascades that regulate
4117:
2993:
Meinke DW, Cherry JM, Dean C, Rounsley SD, Koornneef M (October 1998). "Arabidopsis thaliana: a model plant for genome analysis".
7945:
7933:
5832:
4539:"New Arabidopsis recombinant inbred lines (Landsberg erecta x Nossen) reveal natural variation in phytochrome-mediated responses"
2282:
2033:
1934:
microbe, an initial response, known as PAMP-triggered immunity (PTI), occurs because the plant detects conserved motifs known as
7313:
1104:. While the plants successfully germinated and grew into seedlings, they were not as robust as specimens that had been grown in
8968:
8577:
7775:
7109:
7040:
6789:
4991:
3346:
2865:
1209:
that combine to cause tissue specification in their respective regions during development. Although developed through study of
1138:
2809:
8832:
7992:
4931:
1772:
1255:
896:
into the plant genome. The current protocol, termed "floral dip", involves simply dipping flowers into a solution containing
597:
the model organism has revolutionized our understanding of the genetic, cellular, and molecular biology of flowering plants.
8999:
8739:
4207:
Cheng, Chia-Yi; Krishnakumar, Vivek; Chan, Agnes P.; Thibaud-Nissen, Françoise; Schobel, Seth; Town, Christopher D. (2017).
3863:
3708:
1961:
flg22, which comprises the 22 amino acids recognized by FLS2. Discovery of FLS2 was facilitated by the identification of an
8608:
6950:"Benzothiadizaole induces disease resistance by a citation of the systemic acquired resistance signal transduction pathway"
4276:
4185:
9048:
8639:
7912:
7829:
7797:
7549:
6679:"Salicylic acid and NPR1 induce the recruitment of trans-activating TGA factors to a defense gene promoter in Arabidopsis"
6152:"From perception to activation: the molecular-genetic and biochemical landscape of disease resistance signaling in plants"
5956:
4624:
2535:
2276:
1943:
912:
accessible through online T-DNA databases. Through these collections, insertional mutants are available for most genes in
4480:
2483:
8242:
7761:
7700:
3467:
2397:
and NASC: curated sources for diverse genetic and molecular biology information, links to gene expression databases etc.
2098:
1286:
1267:
biosynthesis in the leaf primordium. Many genetic factors were found to be involved in the suppression of these class I
417:
6532:"Initiation of RPS2-specified disease resistance in Arabidopsis is coupled to the AvrRpt2-directed elimination of RIN4"
5021:
Coen ES, Meyerowitz EM (September 1991). "The war of the whorls: genetic interactions controlling flower development".
8916:
8378:
7870:
7793:
7735:
4015:
Fleischmann A, Michael TP, Rivadavia F, Sousa A, Wang W, Temsch EM, Greilhuber J, MĂĽller KF, Heubl G (December 2014).
2462:
2329:
1743:
959:
820:
7444:
56:
1316:. By wet-mounting seedlings in water or in culture media, plants may be imaged uninvasively, obviating the need for
9007:
8837:
8773:
7850:
7118:
7049:
6798:
5885:
5412:
5359:
4940:
2072:
2), which is responsible for recognition of the effector avrRpt2. The bacterial effector avrRpt2 is delivered into
2057:
2053:
6989:
Fridman, Eyal (2015). "Consequences of hybridization and heterozygosity on plant vigor and phenotypic stability".
4378:
Clough SJ, Bent AF (December 1998). "Floral dip: a simplified method for Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of
3235:
3128:
1487:
aperture and other blue light-influenced processes. These traits respond to blue light, which is perceived by the
9088:
9068:
8657:
8293:
8020:
7974:
7612:
7594:
7487:
6246:"FLS2: an LRR receptor-like kinase involved in the perception of the bacterial elicitor flagellin in Arabidopsis"
6101:
Stein M, Dittgen J, Sánchez-RodrĂguez C, Hou BH, Molina A, Schulze-Lefert P, Lipka V, Somerville S (March 2006).
2077:
1337:
1329:
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experiments and might be of interest as visual marker for plant research to improve gene editing methods such as
888:
879:
708:
6384:
Lacombe S, Rougon-Cardoso A, Sherwood E, Peeters N, Dahlbeck D, van Esse HP, Smoker M, Rallapalli G, Thomma BP,
2150:
349:
9098:
9063:
9053:
8680:
8396:
8349:
8003:
7607:
7542:
7500:
3368:
1974:
1879:
1785:
9012:
8778:
1282:, etc.). Thus, with this suppression, the levels of gibberellin increase and leaf primordium initiate growth.
1146:
has been extensively studied as a model for flower development. The developing flower has four basic organs -
6581:"Characterization of an Arabidopsis Mutant That Is Nonresponsive to Inducers of Systemic Acquired Resistance"
2843:
2422:
835:, lemon), proteins involved in photosynthetic reactions (green) or in other functions (red), ribosomal RNAs (
657:"). With the help of Albert Kranz, these were organised into a large collection of 750 natural accessions of
8515:
8281:
8247:
7890:
7743:
7693:
7651:
6991:
6337:"Perception of the bacterial PAMP EF-Tu by the receptor EFR restricts Agrobacterium-mediated transformation"
6288:
4143:
3587:
Yanofsky MF, Ma H, Bowman JL, Drews GN, Feldmann KA, Meyerowitz EM (July 1990). "The protein encoded by the
2141:
2092:
1939:
1309:
8520:
8494:
2927:
2906:
1514:
Light responses were even found in roots, previously thought to be largely insensitive to light. While the
9093:
9058:
8489:
8311:
8211:
7951:
7739:
7644:
7509:
5304:
3010:
2448:
2145:
1900:
932:
8416:
5661:
4794:
1965:
ecotype, Ws-0, that was unable to detect flg22, leading to the identification of the gene encoding FLS2.
1056:
trafficking. This is still a wide open field and plant SNAREs' role in trafficking remains understudied.
819:
is a 154,478 base-pair-long DNA molecule, a size typically encountered in most flowering plants (see the
9073:
8960:
8232:
7845:
3096:
2358:
2333:
2287:
2017:
1958:
1758:
1586:
1546:
1344:
1225:
have provided considerable insights with regards to the genetics of leaf morphogenesis, particularly in
994:
893:
860:
463:
401:
173:
2101:(SAR) is another example of resistance that is better understood in plants because of research done in
1426:
1011:
The plant's small size and rapid lifecycle are also advantageous for research. Having specialized as a
8556:
8507:
5930:
Hassani, M.A., Durán, P. and Hacquard, S. (2018) "Microbial interactions within the plant holobiont".
5690:"Rain-, wind-, and touch-induced expression of calmodulin and calmodulin-related genes in Arabidopsis"
4515:
2521:
1420:
1414:
1398:
1386:
726:
552:
is edible by humans in a salad or cooked, but it does not enjoy widespread use as a spring vegetable.
333:. It was the first plant to have its genome sequenced, and is an important tool for understanding the
203:
9103:
8667:
8437:
8216:
7393:
7279:
7232:
7179:
6903:
6853:
6745:
6037:
5982:
5620:
5296:
5030:
4826:
4761:
4081:
3806:
3747:
3600:
3468:"Complex life cycles of multicellular eukaryotes: new approaches based on the use of model organisms"
3372:
3308:
3002:
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2573:
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is through pre-anthesis autogamy, such that fertilisation takes place largely before flower opening.
2366:
2130:
2081:
1860:
1789:
1723:
1652:
1404:
1392:
1317:
1246:
1242:
1234:
leaves are well suited to studies of leaf development because they are relatively simple and stable.
1206:
529:
is native to Europe, Asia, and Africa, and its geographic distribution is rather continuous from the
5542:
Scialdone A, Mugford ST, Feike D, Skeffington A, Borrill P, Graf A, Smith AM, Howard M (June 2013).
5309:
3730:
Lloyd AM, Barnason AR, Rogers SG, Byrne MC, Fraley RT, Horsch RB (October 1986). "Transformation of
3389:
3015:
1076:
mechanisms have evolved to avoid or repair genome damage caused by UV. Kaiser et al. showed that in
8724:
8206:
8133:
International Conference on Computational Intelligence Methods for Bioinformatics and Biostatistics
8025:
7813:
7658:
7637:
5800:
4594:
2205:
2201:
2056:. This recognition may occur directly or indirectly via a guardee protein in a hypothesis known as
2025:
1570:
1035:
923:
serve as experimental material in laboratory studies. The most commonly used background lines are L
452:
406:
8729:
8631:
1585:
developed different patterns of branching in response to sustained exposure to wind, a display of
867:
mitochondrial genome exists as a complex arrangement of overlapping branched and linear molecules
8865:
8502:
8262:
8166:
7969:
7417:
7295:
7148:
7085:
6927:
6769:
6659:
6561:
6413:
6366:
6317:
6071:
6006:
5913:
5778:
5727:
5644:
5559:
5379:
5054:
4904:
4852:
4785:
4454:
4407:
4298:
Klein M, Eckert-Ossenkopp U, Schmiedeberg I, Brandt P, Unseld M, Brennicke A, Schuster W (1994).
4250:
3771:
3624:
3498:
2675:
2589:
2419:
AraDiv: a dataset of functional traits and leaf hyperspectral reflectance of Arabidopsis thaliana
2303:
2224:
1531:
936:
439:
may be grown in Petri plates, pots, or hydroponics, under fluorescent lights or in a greenhouse.
260:
51:
8847:
8765:
6025:
4425:
Zhang X, Henriques R, Lin SS, Niu QW, Chua NH (2006). "Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of
8986:
8595:
1870:
i) Different bacterial individuals showing great varieties of shapes and morphological features
802:
and about 6,500 non-coding genes. However, the Uniprot database lists 39,342 proteins in their
8929:
8701:
8424:
8257:
8196:
7771:
7618:
7409:
7248:
7205:
7140:
7132:
7077:
7069:
7020:
7012:
6971:
6919:
6869:
6818:
6810:
6761:
6708:
6651:
6610:
6553:
6508:
6455:
6405:
6358:
6309:
6267:
6226:
6181:
6132:
6063:
5998:
5905:
5897:
5841:
5770:
5719:
5711:
5636:
5607:
Ruppel NJ, Hangarter RP, Kiss JZ (February 2001). "Red-light-induced positive phototropism in
5589:
5524:
5479:
5434:
5426:
5371:
5330:
5322:
5283:
5246:
5201:
5152:
5103:
5046:
4962:
4954:
4896:
4870:
4844:
4777:
4734:
4683:
4568:
4446:
4399:
4360:
4325:
4242:
4234:
4099:
4046:
3988:
3923:
3915:
3834:
3763:
3680:
3616:
3569:
3490:
3448:
3290:
3206:
3084:
3028:
2975:
2890:
2788:
2733:
2667:
2491:
2442:
2235:
2148:
by incorporating - or being tricked into incorporating - pathogen particles. For example, the
2126:
2095:, in which the infected plant cells undergo cell death to prevent the spread of the pathogen.
2001:
1982:
1888:
1578:
1202:
1080:
cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPDs) induced by UV light can be repaired by expression of CPD
982:
779:
627:
530:
334:
8814:
6630:"Inducers of plant systemic acquired resistance regulate NPR1 function through redox changes"
2298:
1957:, a specialized organelle used by microorganisms for the purpose of motility, as well as the
634:
as a model organism, though, until 1943. His student, Erna Reinholz, published her thesis on
8706:
8237:
8201:
8009:
7674:
7401:
7360:
7287:
7240:
7195:
7187:
7122:
7061:
7053:
7004:
6961:
6911:
6861:
6837:
6802:
6753:
6698:
6690:
6641:
6600:
6592:
6543:
6527:
6498:
6490:
6474:
6445:
6397:
6385:
6348:
6301:
6257:
6216:
6171:
6163:
6122:
6114:
6053:
6045:
5990:
5939:
5889:
5762:
5701:
5628:
5579:
5569:
5514:
5469:
5416:
5363:
5314:
5238:
5191:
5183:
5142:
5134:
5093:
5085:
5038:
4944:
4886:
4834:
4769:
4724:
4714:
4673:
4663:
4558:
4550:
4438:
4391:
4352:
4315:
4224:
4089:
4036:
4028:
3978:
3970:
3905:
3824:
3814:
3755:
3670:
3662:
3608:
3559:
3549:
3482:
3438:
3430:
3280:
3270:
3196:
3186:
3074:
3066:
3020:
2965:
2778:
2768:
2723:
2713:
2659:
2620:
2581:
2228:
1986:
1749:
1508:
1500:
1333:
1301:
1012:
712:
501:
5747:"Touchy and Bushy: Phenotypic Plasticity and Integration in Response to Wind Stimulation in
2154:
1817:
8857:
8688:
7928:
7515:
7504:
6058:
5960:
5893:
5668:
5421:
5398:
5367:
4949:
4926:
4922:
4801:
3395:
2936:
2915:
2874:
2262:
2250:
2041:
1693:
1562:
1535:
1381:
1049:
1031:
613:
573:
in the early 1900s, and the first systematic description of mutants was done around 1945.
483:
393:
94:
3466:
Coelho SM, Peters AF, Charrier B, Roze D, Destombe C, Valero M, Cock JM (December 2007).
855:
is 367,808 base pairs long and contains 57 genes. There are many repeated regions in the
665:
8752:
8481:
7397:
7291:
7283:
7236:
7183:
7127:
7104:
7057:
6966:
6949:
6907:
6857:
6806:
6749:
6041:
5986:
5624:
5300:
5034:
4830:
4765:
4320:
4299:
4085:
3810:
3751:
3604:
3006:
2655:
2577:
653:
research by collecting a large number of accessions (often questionably referred to as "
8747:
7716:
7669:
7566:
7200:
7167:
7105:"RPS5-Mediated Disease Resistance: Fundamental Insights and Translational Applications"
6176:
6151:
6127:
6102:
5584:
5543:
5196:
5171:
5147:
5122:
5098:
5073:
4729:
4702:
4678:
4647:
4563:
4538:
4041:
4016:
3983:
3942:
3675:
3646:
3564:
3533:
3419:
to rice. Applying knowledge from a weed to enhance our understanding of a crop species"
3285:
3258:
3079:
3050:
2783:
2752:
2728:
2697:
2257:
2239:
2106:
1619:
1495:
has also been important in understanding the functions of another blue light receptor,
1369:
1253:. Leaf primordia are initiated by the suppression of the genes and proteins of class I
1181:
1101:
999:
967:
901:
807:
lists more than 3,000 proteins as "uncharacterized" as part of the reference proteome.
578:
448:
365:
310:
81:
8791:
7940:
Microsoft Research - University of Trento Centre for Computational and Systems Biology
6703:
6678:
6646:
6629:
6605:
6580:
6548:
6531:
6503:
6478:
6262:
6245:
5474:
5453:
3829:
3790:
3443:
3414:
2624:
951:-0 does not correspond to the Landsberg accessions, which designated La-0, La-1, etc.
9042:
8191:
7787:
7152:
7089:
6221:
6200:
6026:"Pre- and postinvasion defenses both contribute to nonhost resistance in Arabidopsis"
5917:
5706:
5689:
5383:
5242:
4395:
3201:
2663:
2585:
2418:
2005:
1966:
1878:
has led to many breakthroughs in the advancement of knowledge of how plants manifest
1755:
1439:
1377:
955:
617:
475:
385:
314:
302:
190:
7534:
7421:
7299:
6773:
6335:
Zipfel C, Kunze G, Chinchilla D, Caniard A, Jones JD, Boller T, Felix G (May 2006).
6321:
6075:
5782:
5731:
5648:
4908:
4254:
3775:
3502:
3338:
2593:
2336:. The goals are to study the growth and reproduction of plants from seed to seed in
1923:
genes were later mapped to identify the genes responsible for nonhost resistance to
1542:
to glow in the dark when touched. The effect was visible to ultrasensitive cameras.
43:
8870:
8181:
8176:
8171:
7581:
7268:"A microsystem-based assay for studying pollen tube guidance in plant reproduction"
7008:
6931:
6663:
6565:
6417:
6370:
6010:
5058:
4856:
4789:
4458:
3628:
2679:
2452:
2337:
1931:
1648:
1515:
1496:
1476:
1365:
1105:
704:
600:
457:
389:
361:
338:
295:
140:
8934:
8921:
8716:
8429:
7267:
7223:
Ferl RJ, Paul AL (April 2010). "Lunar plant biology--a review of the Apollo era".
6757:
6305:
4891:
4874:
4411:
1832:
leaf (bottom left), an example of no hypersensitive response (HR), top, and HR in
1598:
685:
496:
467:
8908:
8897:
8383:
8370:
5318:
4356:
3855:
3759:
3554:
3275:
3259:"The rate and potential relevance of new mutations in a colonizing plant lineage"
3024:
2638:
Sharbel TF, Haubold B, Mitchell-Olds T (2000). "Genetic isolation by distance in
2200:
pathogens with wild-wild hybrids of known parentage may reveal new mechanisms of
2158:
gene helps to move invaginated material into cells, with some mutants increasing
372:
form a rosette at the base of the plant, with a few leaves also on the flowering
8824:
8644:
8626:
8618:
8564:
8343:
7601:
4268:
4173:
3698:
3400:
2197:
2193:
1801:
1614:
1488:
1480:
1455:
1447:
1435:
1373:
1361:
1264:
1226:
1198:
1069:
900:
carrying a plasmid of interest and a detergent. This method avoids the need for
646:
534:
150:
130:
8360:
6353:
6336:
5953:
4616:
3799:
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
3486:
3070:
2761:
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
1289:(adaxial) surface of the leaf is different from the ventral (abaxial) surface.
863:
regularly and isomerize the genome. Like most plant mitochondrial genomes, the
17:
8252:
8186:
7805:
7767:
5943:
4273:
ecotype Col-0 mitochondrion, complete genome — NCBI accession number BK010421"
2362:
1807:
1640:
1336:
stage of each cell can be inferred from its location in the plant or by using
1325:
1321:
1081:
1073:
990:
760:
756:
373:
8468:
8334:
7136:
7073:
7016:
6814:
6313:
5901:
5845:
5774:
5715:
5430:
5375:
5326:
4958:
4537:
Magliano TM, Botto JF, Godoy AV, Symonds VV, Lloyd AM, Casal JJ (June 2005).
4472:
4238:
3919:
3910:
3889:
2495:
1553:
to increase plant luminescence intensity towards commercially viable levels.
1499:, which is especially important for light entrainment to control the plants'
8476:
8450:
7664:
7405:
7168:"Seed-to-Seed-to-Seed Growth and Development of Arabidopsis in Microgravity"
6865:
6049:
4719:
4668:
2773:
2213:
2173:
2160:
1954:
1897:
1697:
1669:
1656:
1340:
1305:
1194:
1163:
1159:
1121:
1117:
1113:
963:
586:
330:
318:
7413:
7252:
7209:
7144:
7081:
7024:
6923:
6822:
6765:
6712:
6655:
6614:
6557:
6459:
6409:
6362:
6271:
6230:
6185:
6136:
6118:
6067:
6002:
5909:
5640:
5593:
5528:
5483:
5438:
5334:
5250:
5205:
5187:
5156:
5107:
4966:
4900:
4848:
4781:
4738:
4687:
4572:
4450:
4403:
4364:
4246:
4103:
4050:
3992:
3927:
3819:
3767:
3684:
3573:
3494:
3452:
3294:
3210:
3088:
2979:
2970:
2949:
2792:
2737:
2671:
2113:
in which increased SA levels are recognized by nonexpresser of PR genes 1 (
1967:
FLS2 shows striking similarity to rice XA21, the first PRR isolated in 1995
9025:
8804:
7244:
7191:
6975:
6873:
6836:
Bent AF, Kunkel BN, Dahlbeck D, Brown KL, Schmidt R, Giraudat J, Leung J,
6596:
6512:
5723:
5632:
5519:
5498:
5050:
4646:
Hahn F, Mantegazza O, Greiner A, Hegemann P, Eisenhut M, Weber AP (2017).
4554:
4442:
4329:
3838:
3620:
3434:
3150:
Hedberg, Olov (1957). "Afroalpine Vascular Plants: A Taxonomic Revision".
3032:
9020:
8891:
8799:
8406:
8328:
7880:
7817:
7809:
7779:
7570:
7266:
Yetisen AK, Jiang L, Cooper JR, Qin Y, Palanivelu R, Zohar Y (May 2011).
7000:
6297:
5399:"The FLC Locus: A Platform for Discoveries in Epigenetics and Adaptation"
4032:
3974:
1685:
1677:
1573:
in response to wind, rain and touch. Four or more touch induced genes in
1522:
root organs is their predominant tropic response, specimens treated with
1250:
1167:
774:
769:
582:
421:
377:
107:
8693:
8530:
7365:
7344:
6915:
6494:
6450:
6433:
5994:
5833:"China plans to grow flowers and silkworms on the dark side of the moon"
5574:
4839:
4814:
4773:
3666:
2718:
1507:
reduces its metabolism of starch by an amount that effectively requires
8947:
8543:
7855:
7801:
7757:
7753:
7749:
7731:
7065:
6694:
5948:
3227:
3116:
2037:
1523:
1328:
measurements. Fluorescent protein constructs can be introduced through
1213:
flowers, this model is generally applicable to other flowering plants.
1053:
823:). It comprises 136 genes coding for small subunit ribosomal proteins (
795:
748:
696:
654:
622:
4875:"Genetics. Pollen contamination may explain controversial inheritance"
4229:
4208:
3191:
3170:
1886:
was used to determine the genes responsible for nonhost resistance is
8569:
8391:
8053:
7907:
7860:
7825:
6401:
6167:
5138:
5089:
5042:
4094:
4065:
3612:
2412:
2049:
1155:
971:
744:
538:
506:
381:
326:
194:
120:
8305:
7497:
5746:
3376:
2015:
transfers genes into host plants, the EFR gene was transformed into
1855:
Scanning electron microscopy pictures of root surfaces from natural
5766:
3955:
to be approximately 157 Mb, thus approximately 25% larger than the
2611:
and its wild relatives: a model system for ecology and evolution".
2011:, a technique that takes advantage of the natural process by which
1185:
The ABC model of flower development was developed through studying
8973:
8582:
8455:
7939:
7865:
7624:
7524:
6844:: a leucine-rich repeat class of plant disease resistance genes".
5564:
5548:
plants perform arithmetic division to prevent starvation at night"
4275:. National Center for Biotechnology Information. 10 October 2018.
2216:
between plant-pathogen effects and other traits, as in livestock.
2118:
1997:
1840:
1816:
1681:
1673:
1484:
1151:
1147:
725:
680:
Information Service, established in 1964. The first International
643:
630:(who had published the chromosome number in 1907) did not propose
599:
491:
412:
348:
68:
7685:
7518:- A comprehensive review published yearly related to research in
6201:"A single locus determines sensitivity to bacterial flagellin in
5952:
Material was copied from this source, which is available under a
5801:"There Are Plants and Animals on the Moon Now (Because of China)"
3860:
chloroplast, complete genome — NCBI accession number NC_000932.1"
1469:
light and mediates the response to this DNA-damaging wavelength.
1285:
The establishment of leaf dorsiventrality is important since the
1193:
Observations of homeotic mutations led to the formulation of the
997:, but the phenomenon observed (reversion of mutant copies of the
831:, orange), hypothetical chloroplast open reading frame proteins (
7783:
7317:
5172:"Morphogenesis of simple and compound leaves: a critical review"
3951:(approximately 175 Mb) using flow cytometry show genome size in
2268:
1970:
1466:
1462:
1174:
result in the change of one organ to another—in the case of the
1093:
799:
397:
369:
8442:
8309:
7689:
7538:
7492:
1692:
has been a powerful tool for the study of the subdiscipline of
1651:
is induced by a combination of at least 2 facts, cell-specific
548:
categorized as a noxious weed. Like most Brassicaceae species,
3152:
Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis: Symbolae Botanicae Upsalienses
1696:, that is, the interaction between plants and disease-causing
1065:
791:
genome is maintained by the Arabidopsis Information Resource.
1903:
and screened to identify mutants with increased infection by
8042:
African Society for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology
6434:"Plant immunity triggered by microbial molecular signatures"
3051:"1,135 Genomes Reveal the Global Pattern of Polymorphism in
2698:"Planting molecular functions in an ecological context with
1907:. The mutants with higher infection rates are referred to as
827:, in yellow: see figure), large subunit ribosomal proteins (
7981:
Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics
4701:
Hahn F, Eisenhut M, Mantegazza O, Weber AP (5 April 2018).
4507:
3941:
Bennett MD, Leitch IJ, Price HJ, Johnston JS (April 2003).
989:
possessed an alternative to previously known mechanisms of
4815:"Plant genetics: increased outcrossing in hothead mutants"
3888:
Sato S, Nakamura Y, Kaneko T, Asamizu E, Tabata S (1999).
2036:(MAP kinase) cascade. Downstream responses of PTI include
1475:
was used extensively in the study of the genetic basis of
1120:
were more robust than those grown in samples taken during
954:
Trichome formation is initiated by the GLABROUS1 protein.
947:
collection of mutants is derived from this initial line, L
593:
the plant has little direct significance for agriculture,
1953:
is FLS2 (Flagellin-Sensing2), which recognizes bacterial
1100:
had been successfully germinated and grown in samples of
510:" (the genus in which Linnaeus had initially placed it).
8060:
International Nucleotide Sequence Database Collaboration
5229:
Shaw SL (February 2006). "Imaging the live plant cell".
4813:
Peng P, Chan SW, Shah GA, Jacobsen SE (September 2006).
4586:
4066:"Analysis of the genome sequence of the flowering plant
3591:
homeotic gene agamous resembles transcription factors".
3044:
3042:
2691:
2689:
2642:: biogeography and postglacial colonization of Europe".
7529:
7445:"TAIR - Gene Expression - Microarray - Public Datasets"
7314:"NASA-funded study breaks new ground in plant research"
7103:
Pottinger, Sarah E.; Innes, Roger W. (25 August 2020).
2236:
nucleotide-binding–leucine-rich-repeat-receptors (NLRs)
2133:, and is able to induce pathogen-related genes such as
2117:) due to redox change in the cytosol, resulting in the
1981:, as demonstrated by Molinier et al. 2006. Beyond this
589:, population genetics, and plant development. Although
337:
of many plant traits, including flower development and
7470:"Genome research inspires new bridge at Harlow Carr".
7345:"Population genetic structure and outcrossing rate of
6579:
Cao H, Bowling SA, Gordon AS, Dong X (November 1994).
5954:
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License
4005:(Leutwileret al., 1984). In our survey Arabidopsis ...
1930:
In general, when a plant is exposed to a pathogen, or
787:
Genome Initiative. The most up-to-date version of the
5503:: from gene expression to physiology and development"
5397:
Whittaker, Charles; Dean, Caroline (6 October 2017).
5277:
Simpson, Gordon G.; Dean, Caroline (12 April 2002). "
4144:"Details - Arabidopsis_thaliana - Ensembl Genomes 63"
3171:"Archaic lineages broaden our view on the history of
2004:, as well as the laboratory-used ligand elf18. Using
1577:
were found to be regulated by such stimuli. In 2002,
7510:
What Makes Plants Grow? The Arabidopsis genome knows
5351:
Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics
5272:
5270:
5268:
5266:
5264:
5262:
5260:
3339:"State and Federal Noxious Weeds List | USDA PLANTS"
2451:
was inspired by the work of the botanical scientist
1356:
Light sensing, light emission, and circadian biology
368:) plant, usually growing to 20–25 cm tall. The
8881:
8318:
8225:
8159:
8101:
8034:
7921:
7899:
7838:
7723:
6943:
6941:
6889:
6887:
6885:
6883:
6730:
6728:
6726:
6724:
6722:
5293:
American Association for the Advancement of Science
4502:
4500:
4498:
4064:The Arabidopsis Genome Initiative (December 2000).
3959:
genome initiative estimate of approximately 125 Mb"
2000:protein, the prokaryotic elongation factor used in
649:. Laibach continued his important contributions to
7752:, database of protein sequences grouping together
5831:
5688:Braam, Janet; Davis, Ronald W. (9 February 1990).
5507:The International Journal of Developmental Biology
5454:"From seed to seed: the role of photoreceptors in
1992:A second PRR, EF-Tu receptor (EFR), identified in
1034:. This has shown SNAREs to be heavily involved in
4300:"Physical mapping of the mitochondrial genome of
3890:"Complete structure of the chloroplast genome of
3862:. National Center for Biotechnology Information.
3850:
3848:
3640:
3638:
2836:"Nifty 50: ARABIDOPSIS -- A PLANT GENOME PROJECT"
2804:
2802:
2129:to the nucleus, where it interacts with many TGA
1938:(PAMPs). These PAMPs are detected by specialized
1892:, the causal agent of powdery mildew of grasses.
1503:. When the onset of darkness is unusually early,
1263:). These class I KNOX proteins directly suppress
7987:US National Center for Biotechnology Information
5869:
5867:
2168:Evolutionary aspect of plant-pathogen resistance
676:research community dates to a newsletter called
604:A double-flower mutant, first documented in 1873
8072:International Society for Computational Biology
5877:Annual Review of Cell and Developmental Biology
5404:Annual Review of Cell and Developmental Biology
1622:, and grow and bloom in the lunar environment.
939:) was the reference accession sequenced in the
8139:ISCB Africa ASBCB Conference on Bioinformatics
5794:
5792:
4473:"T-DNA Express: Arabidopsis Gene Mapping Tool"
2296:, as the name would suggest, is the target of
2260:) is dependent on two members of this family:
2044:, and transcription of defense-related genes.
27:Model plant species in the family Brassicaceae
8086:Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology
7701:
7550:
6199:GĂłmez-GĂłmez L, Felix G, Boller T (May 1999).
5683:
5681:
5170:Efroni I, Eshed Y, Lifschitz E (April 2010).
2484:"Brassicaceae species checklist and database"
2482:Warwick SI, Francis A, Al-Shehbaz IA (2016).
1987:extend to subsequent generations of the plant
919:Characterized accessions and mutant lines of
447:The plant was first described in 1577 in the
8:
8115:European Conference on Computational Biology
7530:The Arabidopsis Information Portal (Araport)
4703:"Arabidopsis With Cas9-Based Gene Targeting"
2465:, isolated from the rhizosphere of the plant
638:in 1945, describing the first collection of
294:, is a small plant from the mustard family (
8150:Research in Computational Molecular Biology
7493:The Arabidopsis Information Resource (TAIR)
6677:Johnson C, Boden E, Arias J (August 2003).
4508:"Eurasian Arabidopsis Stock Centre (uNASC)"
4209:"Araport11: a complete reannotation of the
3883:
3881:
3791:"Molecular cloning and DNA sequence of the
3101:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
664:In the 1950s and 1960s, John Langridge and
569:Botanists and biologists began to research
482:in honor of Thal. In 1842, German botanist
8306:
8127:International Conference on Bioinformatics
7708:
7694:
7686:
7557:
7543:
7535:
7498:Salk Institute Genomic Analysis Laboratory
7488:Arabidopsis transcriptional regulatory map
6473:Kunkel BN, Bent AF, Dahlbeck D, Innes RW,
2447:The Thaliana Bridge, installed in 2021 at
1364:A, B, C, D, and E mediate red light-based
1019:being valued as a genetic model organism.
859:mitochondrial genome. The largest repeats
513:Thousands of natural inbred accessions of
428:, a unique structure made of a single cell
317:and genetics. For a complex multicellular
202:
42:
31:
8121:Intelligent Systems for Molecular Biology
7364:
7199:
7126:
6965:
6702:
6645:
6604:
6547:
6502:
6449:
6352:
6261:
6220:
6175:
6126:
6057:
5705:
5583:
5573:
5563:
5518:
5473:
5420:
5308:
5281:, the Rosetta Stone of Flowering Time?".
5195:
5146:
5097:
4948:
4890:
4838:
4728:
4718:
4677:
4667:
4562:
4319:
4228:
4093:
4040:
3982:
3909:
3828:
3818:
3674:
3563:
3553:
3442:
3284:
3274:
3200:
3190:
3169:Fulgione A, Hancock AM (September 2018).
3078:
3049:The 1001 Genomes Consortium (July 2016).
3014:
2969:
2885:Blamey, M. & Grey-Wilson, C. (1989).
2782:
2772:
2727:
2717:
2488:Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life
759:— with about 157 megabase pairs and five
668:played an important role in establishing
388:; their structure is that of the typical
384:are 3 mm in diameter, arranged in a
2812:. The Arabidopsis Information Resource.
1702:
1180:
490:and placed the plant in that genus. The
8109:Basel Computational Biology Conference‎
7512:Featured article in Genome News Network
7166:Link BM, Busse JS, Stankovic B (2014).
5755:International Journal of Plant Sciences
5121:Turner S, Sieburth LE (22 March 2003).
2540:United States Department of Agriculture
2531:Germplasm Resources Information Network
2474:
2238:. Xiao et al. 2005 have shown that the
620:phenotype (the mutated gene was likely
6948:Lawton K, Friedrich L, Hunt M (1996).
4992:"Scientists Grow Plants in Lunar Soil"
3534:"The scale of population structure in
3222:
3220:
3094:
2401:Arabidopsis Biological Resource Center
2225:immunity regulator protein family EDS1
1936:pathogen-associated molecular patterns
1821:Components of pathogen recognition in
8066:International Society for Biocuration
7964:European Molecular Biology Laboratory
6244:GĂłmez-GĂłmez L, Boller T (June 2000).
5894:10.1146/annurev-cellbio-011620-031429
5422:10.1146/annurev-cellbio-100616-060546
5368:10.1146/annurev-ecolsys-110218-024638
4950:10.1146/annurev-arplant-042916-040829
4597:from the original on 25 February 2021
4518:from the original on 12 December 2001
4483:from the original on 25 November 2009
3789:Chang C, Meyerowitz EM (March 1986).
3319:from the original on 28 February 2018
2560:Hoffmann MH (2002). "Biogeography of
2140:Although not directly immunological,
977:Non-Mendelian inheritance controversy
626:, cloned and characterized in 1990).
7:
8838:604f4825-7d9c-4285-bc07-647b7a5a4d2c
8668:15461384-2b7a-4763-8586-740edff62652
8288:
7451:from the original on 4 December 2021
5852:from the original on 12 January 2022
5811:from the original on 15 January 2019
5452:Sullivan JA, Deng XW (August 2003).
4124:from the original on 14 October 2008
3866:from the original on 4 November 2018
3704:The Arabidopsis Information Resource
3349:from the original on 9 December 2018
2958:Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions
2887:Flora of Britain and Northern Europe
2502:from the original on 9 December 2018
2277:RESISTANCE TO PSEUDOMONAS SYRINGAE 5
1847:Microbial consortia naturally formed
1557:Thigmomorphogenesis (Touch response)
1249:, and the development of a marginal
703:as a model plant was 1986, in which
396:5–20 mm long, containing 20–30
8092:Japanese Society for Bioinformatics
7128:10.1146/annurev-phyto-010820-012733
7058:10.1146/annurev-phyto-010820-012840
6967:10.1046/j.1365-313x.1996.10010071.x
6807:10.1146/annurev-phyto-080614-120347
6432:Zhang J, Zhou JM (September 2010).
4321:10.1046/j.1365-313X.1994.06030447.x
2407:Nottingham Arabidopsis Stock Centre
1655:(TFs) and the accessibility of the
1442:. Specifically Lee et al 1994 find
305:with a relatively short lifecycle,
8054:European Molecular Biology network
6628:Mou Z, Fan W, Dong X (June 2003).
6082:from the original on 11 March 2022
4279:from the original on 12 April 2019
3711:from the original on 27 April 2021
3413:Rensink WA, Buell CR (June 2004).
2607:Mitchell-Olds T (December 2001). "
2455:and represents the sequence of an
1946:(PRRs) on the plant cell surface.
1919:to begin the disease process. The
1314:confocal laser scanning microscopy
1112:grown in regolith gathered during
993:, producing an unusual pattern of
958:of the corresponding gene lead to
755:is useful for genetic mapping and
642:mutants that they generated using
25:
8144:Pacific Symposium on Biocomputing
8048:Australia Bioinformatics Resource
8015:Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics
7998:Netherlands Bioinformatics Centre
7958:European Bioinformatics Institute
4627:from the original on 19 July 2011
4154:from the original on 24 June 2021
3238:from the original on 10 June 2016
2816:from the original on 7 March 2021
2613:Trends in Ecology & Evolution
2343:Plant-on-a-chip devices in which
2212:maintains certain alleles due to
1896:mutants were developed using the
1271:genes in leaf primordia (such as
9013:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:278687-1
8779:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:277970-1
8287:
8276:
8275:
7946:Database Center for Life Science
7934:Computational Biology Department
7822:Arabidopsis Information Resource
7324:from the original on 12 May 2022
6222:10.1046/j.1365-313X.1999.00451.x
5947:
5799:Letzter, Rafi (4 January 2019).
5243:10.1111/j.1365-313X.2006.02653.x
5002:from the original on 14 May 2022
4396:10.1046/j.1365-313x.1998.00343.x
4188:from the original on 21 May 2021
3512:from the original on 9 July 2021
3131:from the original on 1 June 2019
2664:10.1046/j.1365-294x.2000.01122.x
2586:10.1046/j.1365-2699.2002.00647.x
2347:tissues can be cultured in semi-
2172:Plants are affected by multiple
2034:mitogen-activated protein kinase
1859:populations showing the complex
1545:Multiple efforts, including the
1030:is often the model for study of
684:Conference was held in 1965, in
577:is now widely used for studying
55:
7792:Specialised genomic databases:
7110:Annual Review of Phytopathology
7041:Annual Review of Phytopathology
6790:Annual Review of Phytopathology
6150:Knepper C, Day B (March 2010).
5745:Pigliucci, Massimo (May 2002).
4927:"Firmly Planted, Always Moving"
2361:were able to grow the plant in
2227:in general co-evolved with the
1786:Cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV)
1195:ABC model of flower development
1139:ABC model of flower development
7993:Japanese Institute of Genetics
7009:10.1016/j.plantsci.2014.11.014
6059:11858/00-001M-0000-0012-3A32-0
5830:Connor, Neil (13 April 2018).
5662:"Plants that Glow in the Dark"
5499:"Circadian clock signaling in
4932:Annual Review of Plant Biology
4429:using the floral dip method".
3645:Meyerowitz EM (January 2001).
2024:Both FLS2 and EFR use similar
1949:The best-characterized PRR in
1911:mutants due to the ability of
1773:Hyaloperonospora arabidopsidis
1609:'tin' in the lander contained
462:(1542–1583), a physician from
1:
7913:Rosalind (education platform)
7830:Zebrafish Information Network
7798:Saccharomyces Genome Database
7525:A. thaliana protein abundance
7292:10.1088/0960-1317/21/5/054018
6758:10.1126/science.266.5188.1247
6647:10.1016/S0092-8674(03)00429-X
6549:10.1016/S0092-8674(03)00036-9
6306:10.1016/j.scienta.2018.02.057
6263:10.1016/S1097-2765(00)80265-8
5475:10.1016/S0012-1606(03)00212-4
4892:10.1126/science.313.5795.1864
4825:(7110): E8, discussion E8–9.
2625:10.1016/s0169-5347(01)02291-1
2564:(L.) Heynh. (Brassicaceae)".
2536:Agricultural Research Service
2389:Databases and other resources
2060:. The first R-gene cloned in
1944:pattern recognition receptors
1450:and Blazquez et al 2001 that
1088:Germination in lunar regolith
1038:. Zheng et al. 1999 found an
743:Due to the small size of its
8243:List of biological databases
7762:Protein Information Resource
7343:Abbott RJ, Gomes MF (1989).
5707:10.1016/0092-8674(90)90587-5
5319:10.1126/science.296.5566.285
4990:Keeter, Bill (12 May 2022).
4357:10.1016/j.biochi.2013.09.016
3760:10.1126/science.234.4775.464
3555:10.1371/journal.pgen.1000843
3276:10.1371/journal.pgen.1007155
3025:10.1126/science.282.5389.662
2196:of wild populations + their
2099:Systemic acquired resistance
2054:a gene-for-gene relationship
1597:On January 2, 2019, China's
1438:triggering of flowering and
1096:announced that specimens of
851:The mitochondrial genome of
839:, blue), and transfer RNAs (
418:Scanning electron micrograph
9084:Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus
7736:European Nucleotide Archive
7474:(September 2021): 97. 2021.
6840:(September 1994). "RPS2 of
3947:(approximately 100 Mb) and
3795:alcohol dehydrogenase gene"
3647:"Prehistory and history of
2463:Novosphingobium arabidopsis
2330:International Space Station
2105:. Benzothiadiazol (BTH), a
1996:, recognizes the bacterial
1985:effect, they found this to
1744:Colletotrichum destructivum
1663:Plant–pathogen interactions
1068:of plants is vulnerable to
821:list of sequenced plastomes
794:The genome encodes ~27,600
9120:
6354:10.1016/j.cell.2006.03.037
4707:Frontiers in Plant Science
4656:Frontiers in Plant Science
4118:"TAIR - Genome Annotation"
3487:10.1016/j.gene.2007.07.025
3071:10.1016/j.cell.2016.05.063
2328:is being performed on the
2283:disease resistance protein
2151:Dynamin-related protein 2b
2050:resistance genes (R-genes)
2028:pathways to initiate PTI.
1973:act similarly to increase
1790:tobacco mosaic virus (TMV)
1136:
730:Chloroplast genome map of
612:was documented in 1873 by
559:
8271:
8021:Wellcome Sanger Institute
7975:J. Craig Venter Institute
7577:
5944:10.1186/s40168-018-0445-0
5072:Tsukaya H (7 June 2013).
4304:by cosmid and YAC clones"
3736:Agrobacterium tumefaciens
3202:21.11116/0000-0002-C3C7-1
2078:Type III secretion system
1613:, seeds of potatoes, and
1561:In 1990, Janet Braam and
1261:SHOOT APICAL MERISTEMLESS
1048:is probably essential to
966:has already been used in
889:Agrobacterium tumefaciens
470:, Germany, who called it
266:
259:
210:
201:
179:
172:
52:Scientific classification
50:
41:
34:
9079:Plants described in 1753
8004:Philippine Genome Center
4800:18 November 2016 at the
4795:Washington Post summary.
3234:. Encyclopedia of Life.
2164:virulence even further.
2009:-mediated transformation
1975:homologous recombination
1880:plant disease resistance
522:Distribution and habitat
8248:Molecular phylogenetics
7744:China National GeneBank
7406:10.1126/science.1143153
6866:10.1126/science.8091210
6050:10.1126/science.1119409
5959:16 October 2017 at the
5667:3 February 2014 at the
4720:10.3389/fpls.2018.00424
4669:10.3389/fpls.2017.00039
3394:22 October 2016 at the
3343:plants.sc.egov.usda.gov
2873:8 December 2007 at the
2774:10.1073/pnas.1616736114
2696:Krämer U (March 2015).
2566:Journal of Biogeography
2142:intracellular transport
2093:hypersensitive response
1538:genetically engineered
1245:, the establishment of
981:In 2005, scientists at
904:or plant regeneration.
661:from around the world.
562:History of research on
556:Use as a model organism
325:has a relatively small
7952:DNA Data Bank of Japan
7740:DNA Data Bank of Japan
7272:J. Micromech. Microeng
6289:Scientia Horticulturae
6119:10.1105/tpc.105.038372
5188:10.1105/tpc.109.073601
4617:"NASC Collection Info"
3911:10.1093/dnares/6.5.283
3820:10.1073/pnas.83.5.1408
2971:10.1094/MPMI-20-2-0207
2935:5 October 2018 at the
1901:ethyl methanesulfonate
1871:
1838:
1730:Xanthomonas campestris
1345:developmental analysis
1190:
933:University of Missouri
880:Genetic transformation
735:
605:
504:, meaning "resembling
486:erected the new genus
429:
354:
353:Botanical illustration
247: Countries where
235: Countries where
223: Countries where
8233:Computational biology
7748:Secondary databases:
7245:10.1089/ast.2009.0417
7192:10.1089/ast.2014.1184
6597:10.1105/tpc.6.11.1583
5633:10.1007/s004250000410
5520:10.1387/ijdb.041968pm
5462:Developmental Biology
5123:"Vascular patterning"
4555:10.1104/pp.104.059071
4443:10.1038/nprot.2006.97
3435:10.1104/pp.104.040170
3001:(5389): 662, 679–82.
2438:responses to salinity
2409:(seed and DNA stocks)
2403:(seed and DNA stocks)
2365:originating from the
2359:University of Florida
2334:European Space Agency
2288:AvrPphB SUSCEPTIBLE 1
2242:immunity mediated by
2131:transcription factors
2052:, often described as
2018:Nicotiana benthamiana
1969:. Both flagellin and
1942:in the host known as
1844:
1836:leaves (bottom right)
1820:
1803:Meloidogyne incognita
1653:transcription factors
1626:Secondary metabolites
1605:to the moon. A small
1587:phenotypic plasticity
1549:, have sought to use
1547:Glowing Plant project
1384:in plants. The genes
1207:transcription factors
1184:
1162:(which go on to form
1137:Further information:
729:
718:gene were described.
603:
416:
352:
9049:Arabidopsis thaliana
8730:Arabidopsis thaliana
8717:Arabidopsis_thaliana
8508:Arabidopsis thaliana
8397:arabidopsis-thaliana
8350:Arabidopsis thaliana
8320:Arabidopsis thaliana
7730:Sequence databases:
7516:The Arabidopsis book
7503:8 March 2021 at the
7382:Arabidopsis thaliana
7347:Arabidopsis thaliana
6842:Arabidopsis thaliana
6390:Nature Biotechnology
6203:Arabidopsis thaliana
6156:The Arabidopsis Book
5749:Arabidopsis thaliana
5501:Arabidopsis thaliana
5127:The Arabidopsis Book
5078:The Arabidopsis Book
4650:Arabidopsis thaliana
4427:Arabidopsis thaliana
4380:Arabidopsis thaliana
4302:Arabidopsis thaliana
4271:Arabidopsis thaliana
4211:Arabidopsis thaliana
4176:Arabidopsis thaliana
4068:Arabidopsis thaliana
3892:Arabidopsis thaliana
3858:Arabidopsis thaliana
3793:Arabidopsis thaliana
3732:Arabidopsis thaliana
3536:Arabidopsis thaliana
3373:Encyclopedia of Life
3311:Arabidopsis thaliana
3230:Arabidopsis thaliana
3173:Arabidopsis thaliana
3119:Arabidopsis thaliana
3053:Arabidopsis thaliana
2952:Arabidopsis thaliana
2929:Arabidopsis thaliana
2914:18 June 2008 at the
2908:Arabidopsis thaliana
2867:Arabidopsis thaliana
2864:Flora of NW Europe:
2755:Arabidopsis thaliana
2700:Arabidopsis thaliana
2640:Arabidopsis thaliana
2609:Arabidopsis thaliana
2562:Arabidopsis thaliana
2524:Arabidopsis thaliana
2457:Arabidopsis thaliana
2324:Ongoing research on
2309:Pseudomonas syringae
2178:Arabidopsis thaliana
2070:Pseudomonas syringae
2058:the guard hypothesis
1851:Arabidopsis thaliana
1809:Heterodera schachtii
1724:Pseudomonas syringae
1343:, allowing detailed
1098:Arabidopsis thaliana
847:Mitochondrial genome
753:Arabidopsis thaliana
747:, and because it is
608:The first mutant in
564:Arabidopsis thaliana
358:Arabidopsis thaliana
279:Arabidopsis thaliana
213:Arabidopsis thaliana
183:Arabidopsis thaliana
36:Arabidopsis thaliana
8026:Whitehead Institute
7814:Rat Genome Database
7638:Medicago truncatula
7398:2007Sci...317.1070T
7366:10.1038/hdy.1989.56
7284:2011JMiMi..21e4018Y
7237:2010AsBio..10..261F
7184:2014AsBio..14..866L
6916:10.1038/nature02485
6908:2004Natur.428..764Z
6858:1994Sci...265.1856B
6750:1994Sci...266.1247D
6495:10.1105/tpc.5.8.865
6042:2005Sci...310.1180L
5995:10.1038/nature02076
5987:2003Natur.425..973C
5625:2001Plant.212..424R
5575:10.7554/eLife.00669
5301:2002Sci...296..285S
5035:1991Natur.353...31C
4923:Raikhel, Natasha V.
4840:10.1038/nature05251
4831:2006Natur.443E...8P
4774:10.1038/nature03380
4766:2005Natur.434..505L
4148:ensembl.gramene.org
4086:2000Natur.408..796T
3811:1986PNAS...83.1408C
3752:1986Sci...234..464L
3707:. 8 November 2018.
3667:10.1104/pp.125.1.15
3605:1990Natur.346...35Y
3179:The New Phytologist
3007:1998Sci...282..662M
2905:Flora of Pakistan:
2719:10.7554/eLife.06100
2656:2000MolEc...9.2109S
2578:2002JBiog..29..125H
2367:Sea of Tranquillity
2357:Researchers at the
2206:life history theory
2202:balancing selection
2026:signal transduction
1571:thigmomorphogenesis
1360:The photoreceptors
1338:fluorescent protein
1300:is well suited for
1273:ASYMMETRIC LEAVES1,
1036:vesicle trafficking
472:Pilosella siliquosa
407:Bacillus megaterium
8263:Sequence alignment
7970:Flatiron Institute
6695:10.1105/tpc.012211
5673:Bioresearch Online
5074:"Leaf development"
4873:(September 2006).
4178:(Mouse-ear cress)"
4033:10.1093/aob/mcu189
3975:10.1093/aob/mcg057
3943:"Comparisons with
2223:suggests that the
1872:
1865:a) Overview of an
1861:microbial networks
1839:
1434:) are involved in
1191:
1133:Flower development
886:is routine, using
811:Chloroplast genome
736:
606:
478:renamed the plant
430:
355:
9036:
9035:
8702:Open Tree of Life
8312:Taxon identifiers
8303:
8302:
8258:Sequence database
7772:Protein Data Bank
7766:Other databases:
7683:
7682:
6954:The Plant Journal
6852:(5180): 1856–60.
6744:(5188): 1247–50.
6591:(11): 1583–1592.
6530:(February 2003).
6451:10.1093/mp/ssq035
6209:The Plant Journal
5295:(AAAS): 285–289.
5231:The Plant Journal
4925:(28 April 2017).
4384:The Plant Journal
4230:10.1111/tpj.13415
4217:The Plant Journal
4213:reference genome"
4080:(6814): 796–815.
3192:10.1111/nph.15244
2846:on 3 January 2024
2810:"Genome Assembly"
2767:(20): 5213–5218.
2650:(12): 2109–2118.
2644:Molecular Ecology
2443:BZIP intron plant
2208:we may find that
2002:protein synthesis
1889:Blumeria graminis
1815:
1814:
1579:Massimo Pigliucci
1501:circadian rhythms
1491:light receptors.
1427:FLOWERING LOCUS C
1276:BLADE-ON-PETIOLE1
1092:On May 12, 2022,
983:Purdue University
780:Genlisea tuberosa
628:Friedrich Laibach
424:, a leaf hair of
404:bacteria such as
392:. The fruit is a
335:molecular biology
275:
274:
16:(Redirected from
9111:
9089:Space-flown life
9069:Flora of Lebanon
9029:
9028:
9016:
9015:
9003:
9002:
8990:
8989:
8977:
8976:
8964:
8963:
8951:
8950:
8938:
8937:
8925:
8924:
8912:
8911:
8902:
8901:
8900:
8874:
8873:
8861:
8860:
8851:
8850:
8841:
8840:
8828:
8827:
8818:
8817:
8808:
8807:
8795:
8794:
8782:
8781:
8769:
8768:
8756:
8755:
8743:
8742:
8733:
8732:
8720:
8719:
8710:
8709:
8697:
8696:
8684:
8683:
8671:
8670:
8661:
8660:
8648:
8647:
8645:NBNSYS0000002913
8635:
8634:
8622:
8621:
8612:
8611:
8599:
8598:
8586:
8585:
8573:
8572:
8560:
8559:
8547:
8546:
8534:
8533:
8524:
8523:
8511:
8510:
8498:
8497:
8485:
8484:
8472:
8471:
8459:
8458:
8446:
8445:
8433:
8432:
8420:
8419:
8410:
8409:
8400:
8399:
8387:
8386:
8374:
8373:
8364:
8363:
8354:
8353:
8352:
8339:
8338:
8337:
8307:
8291:
8290:
8279:
8278:
8238:List of biobanks
8202:Stockholm format
8010:Scripps Research
7710:
7703:
7696:
7687:
7559:
7552:
7545:
7536:
7476:
7475:
7467:
7461:
7460:
7458:
7456:
7441:
7435:
7432:
7426:
7425:
7392:(5841): 1070–2.
7377:
7371:
7370:
7368:
7340:
7334:
7333:
7331:
7329:
7310:
7304:
7303:
7263:
7257:
7256:
7220:
7214:
7213:
7203:
7163:
7157:
7156:
7130:
7100:
7094:
7093:
7035:
7029:
7028:
6986:
6980:
6979:
6969:
6945:
6936:
6935:
6891:
6878:
6877:
6833:
6827:
6826:
6784:
6778:
6777:
6732:
6717:
6716:
6706:
6674:
6668:
6667:
6649:
6625:
6619:
6618:
6608:
6576:
6570:
6569:
6551:
6523:
6517:
6516:
6506:
6470:
6464:
6463:
6453:
6429:
6423:
6421:
6402:10.1038/nbt.1613
6381:
6375:
6374:
6356:
6332:
6326:
6325:
6282:
6276:
6275:
6265:
6241:
6235:
6234:
6224:
6196:
6190:
6189:
6179:
6168:10.1199/tab.0124
6147:
6141:
6140:
6130:
6098:
6092:
6091:
6089:
6087:
6061:
6036:(5751): 1180–3.
6021:
6015:
6014:
5969:
5963:
5951:
5928:
5922:
5921:
5871:
5862:
5861:
5859:
5857:
5835:
5827:
5821:
5820:
5818:
5816:
5796:
5787:
5786:
5742:
5736:
5735:
5709:
5685:
5676:
5659:
5653:
5652:
5604:
5598:
5597:
5587:
5577:
5567:
5539:
5533:
5532:
5522:
5513:(5–6): 491–500.
5494:
5488:
5487:
5477:
5449:
5443:
5442:
5424:
5394:
5388:
5387:
5345:
5339:
5338:
5312:
5274:
5255:
5254:
5226:
5220:
5216:
5210:
5209:
5199:
5167:
5161:
5160:
5150:
5139:10.1199/tab.0073
5118:
5112:
5111:
5101:
5090:10.1199/tab.0163
5069:
5063:
5062:
5043:10.1038/353031a0
5018:
5012:
5011:
5009:
5007:
4987:
4981:
4977:
4971:
4970:
4952:
4919:
4913:
4912:
4894:
4867:
4861:
4860:
4842:
4810:
4804:
4793:
4749:
4743:
4742:
4732:
4722:
4698:
4692:
4691:
4681:
4671:
4643:
4637:
4636:
4634:
4632:
4621:arabidopsis.info
4613:
4607:
4606:
4604:
4602:
4583:
4577:
4576:
4566:
4543:Plant Physiology
4534:
4528:
4527:
4525:
4523:
4512:arabidopsis.info
4504:
4493:
4492:
4490:
4488:
4469:
4463:
4462:
4431:Nature Protocols
4422:
4416:
4415:
4375:
4369:
4368:
4340:
4334:
4333:
4323:
4295:
4289:
4288:
4286:
4284:
4265:
4259:
4258:
4232:
4204:
4198:
4197:
4195:
4193:
4170:
4164:
4163:
4161:
4159:
4140:
4134:
4133:
4131:
4129:
4114:
4108:
4107:
4097:
4095:10.1038/35048692
4061:
4055:
4054:
4044:
4021:Annals of Botany
4012:
4006:
4003:
3997:
3996:
3986:
3963:Annals of Botany
3938:
3932:
3931:
3913:
3885:
3876:
3875:
3873:
3871:
3852:
3843:
3842:
3832:
3822:
3786:
3780:
3779:
3727:
3721:
3720:
3718:
3716:
3695:
3689:
3688:
3678:
3655:Plant Physiology
3642:
3633:
3632:
3613:10.1038/346035a0
3584:
3578:
3577:
3567:
3557:
3528:
3522:
3521:
3519:
3517:
3511:
3472:
3463:
3457:
3456:
3446:
3423:Plant Physiology
3410:
3404:
3387:
3381:
3380:
3379:on 1 April 2018.
3375:. Archived from
3365:
3359:
3358:
3356:
3354:
3335:
3329:
3328:
3326:
3324:
3305:
3299:
3298:
3288:
3278:
3254:
3248:
3247:
3245:
3243:
3224:
3215:
3214:
3204:
3194:
3185:(4): 1194–1198.
3166:
3160:
3159:
3147:
3141:
3140:
3138:
3136:
3113:
3107:
3106:
3100:
3092:
3082:
3046:
3037:
3036:
3018:
2990:
2984:
2983:
2973:
2945:
2939:
2926:Flora of China:
2924:
2918:
2903:
2897:
2883:
2877:
2862:
2856:
2855:
2853:
2851:
2842:. Archived from
2832:
2826:
2825:
2823:
2821:
2806:
2797:
2796:
2786:
2776:
2748:
2742:
2741:
2731:
2721:
2693:
2684:
2683:
2635:
2629:
2628:
2604:
2598:
2597:
2557:
2551:
2550:
2548:
2546:
2518:
2512:
2511:
2509:
2507:
2479:
2373:Self-pollination
2248:
2040:deposition, the
1849:on the roots of
1750:Botrytis cinerea
1703:
1634:
1633:
1565:determined that
1465:protein detects
1304:analysis. Young
1302:light microscopy
1259:family (such as
1227:dicotyledon-type
1217:Leaf development
1047:
1046:
1032:SNAREs in plants
1023:Cellular biology
1013:spring ephemeral
815:The plastome of
461:
252:
246:
240:
234:
228:
222:
206:
185:
165:A. thaliana
60:
59:
46:
32:
21:
9119:
9118:
9114:
9113:
9112:
9110:
9109:
9108:
9099:Plant cognition
9064:Flora of Africa
9054:Flora of Europe
9039:
9038:
9037:
9032:
9024:
9019:
9011:
9006:
8998:
8993:
8985:
8980:
8972:
8967:
8959:
8954:
8946:
8941:
8933:
8928:
8920:
8915:
8907:
8905:
8896:
8895:
8890:
8883:Arabis thaliana
8877:
8869:
8864:
8856:
8854:
8846:
8844:
8836:
8831:
8823:
8821:
8813:
8811:
8803:
8798:
8790:
8785:
8777:
8772:
8764:
8759:
8751:
8746:
8738:
8736:
8728:
8723:
8715:
8713:
8705:
8700:
8692:
8689:Observation.org
8687:
8679:
8674:
8666:
8664:
8656:
8651:
8643:
8638:
8630:
8625:
8617:
8616:MichiganFlora:
8615:
8607:
8602:
8594:
8589:
8581:
8576:
8568:
8563:
8555:
8550:
8542:
8537:
8529:
8527:
8519:
8514:
8506:
8501:
8493:
8488:
8480:
8475:
8467:
8462:
8454:
8449:
8441:
8436:
8428:
8423:
8415:
8413:
8405:
8403:
8395:
8390:
8382:
8377:
8369:
8367:
8359:
8357:
8348:
8347:
8342:
8333:
8332:
8327:
8314:
8304:
8299:
8267:
8221:
8155:
8097:
8078:Student Council
8030:
7929:Broad Institute
7917:
7895:
7834:
7719:
7714:
7684:
7679:
7573:
7567:model organisms
7563:
7505:Wayback Machine
7484:
7479:
7469:
7468:
7464:
7454:
7452:
7443:
7442:
7438:
7433:
7429:
7379:
7378:
7374:
7342:
7341:
7337:
7327:
7325:
7320:. 12 May 2022.
7312:
7311:
7307:
7265:
7264:
7260:
7222:
7221:
7217:
7178:(10): 866–875.
7165:
7164:
7160:
7102:
7101:
7097:
7037:
7036:
7032:
6988:
6987:
6983:
6947:
6946:
6939:
6902:(6984): 764–7.
6893:
6892:
6881:
6835:
6834:
6830:
6786:
6785:
6781:
6734:
6733:
6720:
6676:
6675:
6671:
6627:
6626:
6622:
6578:
6577:
6573:
6525:
6524:
6520:
6477:(August 1993).
6472:
6471:
6467:
6438:Molecular Plant
6431:
6430:
6426:
6383:
6382:
6378:
6334:
6333:
6329:
6284:
6283:
6279:
6243:
6242:
6238:
6198:
6197:
6193:
6149:
6148:
6144:
6100:
6099:
6095:
6085:
6083:
6023:
6022:
6018:
5981:(6961): 973–7.
5971:
5970:
5966:
5961:Wayback Machine
5929:
5925:
5873:
5872:
5865:
5855:
5853:
5829:
5828:
5824:
5814:
5812:
5798:
5797:
5790:
5744:
5743:
5739:
5687:
5686:
5679:
5669:Wayback Machine
5660:
5656:
5606:
5605:
5601:
5541:
5540:
5536:
5496:
5495:
5491:
5451:
5450:
5446:
5396:
5395:
5391:
5347:
5346:
5342:
5310:10.1.1.991.2232
5276:
5275:
5258:
5228:
5227:
5223:
5217:
5213:
5169:
5168:
5164:
5120:
5119:
5115:
5071:
5070:
5066:
5020:
5019:
5015:
5005:
5003:
4989:
4988:
4984:
4978:
4974:
4921:
4920:
4916:
4869:
4868:
4864:
4812:
4811:
4807:
4802:Wayback Machine
4760:(7032): 505–9.
4751:
4750:
4746:
4700:
4699:
4695:
4645:
4644:
4640:
4630:
4628:
4615:
4614:
4610:
4600:
4598:
4585:
4584:
4580:
4536:
4535:
4531:
4521:
4519:
4506:
4505:
4496:
4486:
4484:
4477:signal.salk.edu
4471:
4470:
4466:
4424:
4423:
4419:
4377:
4376:
4372:
4342:
4341:
4337:
4297:
4296:
4292:
4282:
4280:
4267:
4266:
4262:
4206:
4205:
4201:
4191:
4189:
4182:www.uniprot.org
4172:
4171:
4167:
4157:
4155:
4142:
4141:
4137:
4127:
4125:
4116:
4115:
4111:
4063:
4062:
4058:
4014:
4013:
4009:
4004:
4000:
3940:
3939:
3935:
3887:
3886:
3879:
3869:
3867:
3854:
3853:
3846:
3788:
3787:
3783:
3746:(4775): 464–6.
3729:
3728:
3724:
3714:
3712:
3697:
3696:
3692:
3644:
3643:
3636:
3586:
3585:
3581:
3548:(2): e1000843.
3530:
3529:
3525:
3515:
3513:
3509:
3481:(1–2): 152–70.
3470:
3465:
3464:
3460:
3412:
3411:
3407:
3396:Wayback Machine
3388:
3384:
3367:
3366:
3362:
3352:
3350:
3337:
3336:
3332:
3322:
3320:
3315:. Kew Gardens.
3307:
3306:
3302:
3269:(2): e1007155.
3256:
3255:
3251:
3241:
3239:
3226:
3225:
3218:
3168:
3167:
3163:
3149:
3148:
3144:
3134:
3132:
3115:
3114:
3110:
3093:
3048:
3047:
3040:
3016:10.1.1.462.4735
2992:
2991:
2987:
2947:
2946:
2942:
2937:Wayback Machine
2925:
2921:
2916:Wayback Machine
2904:
2900:
2884:
2880:
2875:Wayback Machine
2863:
2859:
2849:
2847:
2834:
2833:
2829:
2819:
2817:
2808:
2807:
2800:
2750:
2749:
2745:
2695:
2694:
2687:
2637:
2636:
2632:
2619:(12): 693–700.
2606:
2605:
2601:
2559:
2558:
2554:
2544:
2542:
2520:
2519:
2515:
2505:
2503:
2490:(26 ed.).
2481:
2480:
2476:
2472:
2431:
2423:data repository
2391:
2375:
2322:
2256:
2253:(which has a CC
2246:
2232:
2170:
2068:(resistance to
2042:oxidative burst
1864:
1863:formed on roots
1854:
1848:
1826:
1694:plant pathology
1665:
1631:
1630:
1628:
1601:lander brought
1595:
1563:Ronald W. Davis
1559:
1536:Rice University
1483:alignment, and
1405:LUMINIDEPENDENS
1382:shade avoidance
1358:
1353:
1295:
1247:dorsiventrality
1243:leaf primordium
1219:
1141:
1135:
1130:
1090:
1062:
1044:
1043:
1025:
1009:
979:
877:
849:
813:
741:
724:
616:, describing a
614:Alexander Braun
567:
558:
524:
484:Gustav Heynhold
480:Arabis thaliana
455:
445:
347:
288:mouse-ear cress
269:Arabis thaliana
255:
244:
243:
232:
231:
220:
219:
197:
187:
181:
168:
54:
28:
23:
22:
18:Mouse-ear cress
15:
12:
11:
5:
9117:
9115:
9107:
9106:
9101:
9096:
9091:
9086:
9081:
9076:
9071:
9066:
9061:
9056:
9051:
9041:
9040:
9034:
9033:
9031:
9030:
9017:
9004:
8991:
8978:
8965:
8952:
8939:
8926:
8913:
8903:
8887:
8885:
8879:
8878:
8876:
8875:
8871:wfo-0000541830
8862:
8852:
8842:
8829:
8819:
8809:
8796:
8783:
8770:
8757:
8744:
8734:
8721:
8711:
8698:
8685:
8672:
8662:
8649:
8636:
8623:
8613:
8600:
8587:
8574:
8561:
8548:
8535:
8525:
8512:
8499:
8486:
8473:
8460:
8447:
8434:
8421:
8411:
8401:
8388:
8375:
8365:
8355:
8340:
8324:
8322:
8316:
8315:
8310:
8301:
8300:
8298:
8297:
8285:
8272:
8269:
8268:
8266:
8265:
8260:
8255:
8250:
8245:
8240:
8235:
8229:
8227:
8226:Related topics
8223:
8222:
8220:
8219:
8214:
8209:
8204:
8199:
8194:
8189:
8184:
8179:
8174:
8169:
8163:
8161:
8157:
8156:
8154:
8153:
8147:
8141:
8136:
8130:
8124:
8118:
8112:
8105:
8103:
8099:
8098:
8096:
8095:
8089:
8083:
8082:
8081:
8069:
8063:
8057:
8051:
8045:
8038:
8036:
8032:
8031:
8029:
8028:
8023:
8018:
8012:
8007:
8001:
7995:
7990:
7984:
7978:
7972:
7967:
7961:
7955:
7949:
7943:
7937:
7931:
7925:
7923:
7919:
7918:
7916:
7915:
7910:
7903:
7901:
7897:
7896:
7894:
7893:
7888:
7883:
7878:
7873:
7868:
7863:
7858:
7853:
7848:
7842:
7840:
7836:
7835:
7833:
7832:
7790:
7764:
7746:
7727:
7725:
7721:
7720:
7717:Bioinformatics
7715:
7713:
7712:
7705:
7698:
7690:
7681:
7680:
7678:
7677:
7672:
7667:
7662:
7655:
7648:
7641:
7634:
7627:
7622:
7615:
7610:
7605:
7598:
7591:
7584:
7578:
7575:
7574:
7564:
7562:
7561:
7554:
7547:
7539:
7533:
7532:
7527:
7522:
7513:
7507:
7495:
7490:
7483:
7482:External links
7480:
7478:
7477:
7462:
7436:
7427:
7372:
7359:(3): 411–418.
7335:
7305:
7258:
7215:
7158:
7119:Annual Reviews
7095:
7050:Annual Reviews
7030:
6981:
6937:
6879:
6828:
6799:Annual Reviews
6779:
6718:
6689:(8): 1846–58.
6683:The Plant Cell
6669:
6620:
6585:The Plant Cell
6571:
6518:
6483:The Plant Cell
6465:
6424:
6376:
6327:
6277:
6256:(6): 1003–11.
6250:Molecular Cell
6236:
6191:
6142:
6107:The Plant Cell
6093:
6016:
5964:
5923:
5886:Annual Reviews
5863:
5822:
5788:
5767:10.1086/339158
5761:(3): 399–408.
5737:
5700:(3): 357–364.
5677:
5654:
5599:
5534:
5497:Más P (2005).
5489:
5444:
5413:Annual Reviews
5389:
5360:Annual Reviews
5340:
5256:
5221:
5211:
5182:(4): 1019–32.
5176:The Plant Cell
5162:
5113:
5064:
5029:(6339): 31–7.
5013:
4982:
4972:
4941:Annual Reviews
4914:
4885:(5795): 1864.
4862:
4805:
4744:
4693:
4638:
4608:
4578:
4549:(2): 1126–35.
4529:
4494:
4464:
4417:
4370:
4335:
4314:(3): 447–455.
4290:
4260:
4223:(4): 789–804.
4199:
4165:
4135:
4109:
4056:
4027:(8): 1651–63.
4007:
3998:
3945:Caenorhabditis
3933:
3904:(5): 283–290.
3877:
3844:
3805:(5): 1408–12.
3781:
3722:
3690:
3634:
3599:(6279): 35–9.
3579:
3523:
3458:
3405:
3382:
3360:
3330:
3313:(thale cress)"
3300:
3249:
3216:
3161:
3142:
3108:
3065:(2): 481–491.
3038:
2985:
2940:
2919:
2898:
2878:
2857:
2827:
2798:
2743:
2685:
2630:
2599:
2572:(1): 125–134.
2552:
2513:
2473:
2471:
2468:
2467:
2466:
2460:
2445:
2440:
2430:
2427:
2426:
2425:
2416:
2410:
2404:
2398:
2390:
2387:
2374:
2371:
2321:
2320:Other research
2318:
2254:
2240:powdery mildew
2230:
2169:
2166:
2146:susceptibility
2107:salicylic acid
1845:
1813:
1812:
1799:
1793:
1792:
1783:
1777:
1776:
1769:
1763:
1762:
1740:
1734:
1733:
1720:
1714:
1713:
1707:
1664:
1661:
1627:
1624:
1620:photosynthesis
1594:
1591:
1558:
1555:
1370:photoperiodism
1357:
1354:
1352:
1349:
1330:transformation
1294:
1291:
1218:
1215:
1134:
1131:
1129:
1126:
1102:lunar regolith
1089:
1086:
1061:
1058:
1024:
1021:
1008:
1005:
985:proposed that
978:
975:
902:tissue culture
876:
873:
848:
845:
812:
809:
740:
739:Nuclear genome
737:
723:
720:
711:and the first
709:transformation
691:In the 1980s,
579:plant sciences
560:Main article:
557:
554:
523:
520:
449:Harz Mountains
444:
441:
346:
343:
331:megabase pairs
329:of around 135
311:model organism
273:
272:
264:
263:
257:
256:
254:
253:
241:
239:is naturalized
229:
216:
208:
207:
199:
198:
188:
177:
176:
170:
169:
162:
160:
156:
155:
148:
144:
143:
138:
134:
133:
128:
124:
123:
118:
111:
110:
105:
98:
97:
92:
85:
84:
79:
72:
71:
66:
62:
61:
48:
47:
39:
38:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
9116:
9105:
9102:
9100:
9097:
9095:
9094:Edible plants
9092:
9090:
9087:
9085:
9082:
9080:
9077:
9075:
9072:
9070:
9067:
9065:
9062:
9060:
9059:Flora of Asia
9057:
9055:
9052:
9050:
9047:
9046:
9044:
9027:
9022:
9018:
9014:
9009:
9005:
9001:
8996:
8992:
8988:
8983:
8979:
8975:
8970:
8966:
8962:
8957:
8953:
8949:
8944:
8940:
8936:
8931:
8927:
8923:
8918:
8914:
8910:
8904:
8899:
8893:
8889:
8888:
8886:
8884:
8880:
8872:
8867:
8863:
8859:
8853:
8849:
8843:
8839:
8834:
8830:
8826:
8820:
8816:
8810:
8806:
8801:
8797:
8793:
8788:
8784:
8780:
8775:
8771:
8767:
8762:
8758:
8754:
8749:
8745:
8741:
8735:
8731:
8726:
8722:
8718:
8712:
8708:
8703:
8699:
8695:
8690:
8686:
8682:
8677:
8673:
8669:
8663:
8659:
8654:
8650:
8646:
8641:
8637:
8633:
8628:
8624:
8620:
8614:
8610:
8605:
8601:
8597:
8592:
8588:
8584:
8579:
8575:
8571:
8566:
8562:
8558:
8553:
8549:
8545:
8540:
8536:
8532:
8526:
8522:
8517:
8513:
8509:
8504:
8500:
8496:
8491:
8487:
8483:
8478:
8474:
8470:
8465:
8461:
8457:
8452:
8448:
8444:
8439:
8435:
8431:
8426:
8422:
8418:
8412:
8408:
8402:
8398:
8393:
8389:
8385:
8380:
8376:
8372:
8366:
8362:
8356:
8351:
8345:
8341:
8336:
8330:
8326:
8325:
8323:
8321:
8317:
8313:
8308:
8296:
8295:
8286:
8284:
8283:
8274:
8273:
8270:
8264:
8261:
8259:
8256:
8254:
8251:
8249:
8246:
8244:
8241:
8239:
8236:
8234:
8231:
8230:
8228:
8224:
8218:
8215:
8213:
8210:
8208:
8205:
8203:
8200:
8198:
8195:
8193:
8192:Pileup format
8190:
8188:
8185:
8183:
8180:
8178:
8175:
8173:
8170:
8168:
8165:
8164:
8162:
8158:
8151:
8148:
8145:
8142:
8140:
8137:
8134:
8131:
8128:
8125:
8122:
8119:
8116:
8113:
8110:
8107:
8106:
8104:
8100:
8093:
8090:
8087:
8084:
8079:
8076:
8075:
8073:
8070:
8067:
8064:
8061:
8058:
8055:
8052:
8049:
8046:
8043:
8040:
8039:
8037:
8035:Organizations
8033:
8027:
8024:
8022:
8019:
8016:
8013:
8011:
8008:
8005:
8002:
7999:
7996:
7994:
7991:
7988:
7985:
7982:
7979:
7976:
7973:
7971:
7968:
7965:
7962:
7959:
7956:
7953:
7950:
7947:
7944:
7941:
7938:
7935:
7932:
7930:
7927:
7926:
7924:
7920:
7914:
7911:
7909:
7905:
7904:
7902:
7898:
7892:
7889:
7887:
7884:
7882:
7879:
7877:
7874:
7872:
7869:
7867:
7864:
7862:
7859:
7857:
7854:
7852:
7849:
7847:
7844:
7843:
7841:
7837:
7831:
7827:
7823:
7819:
7815:
7811:
7807:
7803:
7799:
7795:
7791:
7789:
7788:Gene Ontology
7785:
7781:
7777:
7773:
7769:
7765:
7763:
7759:
7755:
7751:
7747:
7745:
7741:
7737:
7733:
7729:
7728:
7726:
7722:
7718:
7711:
7706:
7704:
7699:
7697:
7692:
7691:
7688:
7676:
7673:
7671:
7668:
7666:
7663:
7661:
7660:
7656:
7654:
7653:
7649:
7647:
7646:
7642:
7640:
7639:
7635:
7633:
7632:
7628:
7626:
7623:
7621:
7620:
7616:
7614:
7613:Fission yeast
7611:
7609:
7608:Budding yeast
7606:
7604:
7603:
7599:
7597:
7596:
7595:Chlamydomonas
7592:
7590:
7589:
7585:
7583:
7580:
7579:
7576:
7572:
7568:
7560:
7555:
7553:
7548:
7546:
7541:
7540:
7537:
7531:
7528:
7526:
7523:
7521:
7517:
7514:
7511:
7508:
7506:
7502:
7499:
7496:
7494:
7491:
7489:
7486:
7485:
7481:
7473:
7466:
7463:
7450:
7446:
7440:
7437:
7431:
7428:
7423:
7419:
7415:
7411:
7407:
7403:
7399:
7395:
7391:
7387:
7383:
7376:
7373:
7367:
7362:
7358:
7354:
7350:
7348:
7339:
7336:
7323:
7319:
7315:
7309:
7306:
7301:
7297:
7293:
7289:
7285:
7281:
7278:(5): 054018.
7277:
7273:
7269:
7262:
7259:
7254:
7250:
7246:
7242:
7238:
7234:
7231:(3): 261–74.
7230:
7226:
7219:
7216:
7211:
7207:
7202:
7197:
7193:
7189:
7185:
7181:
7177:
7173:
7169:
7162:
7159:
7154:
7150:
7146:
7142:
7138:
7134:
7129:
7124:
7120:
7116:
7112:
7111:
7106:
7099:
7096:
7091:
7087:
7083:
7079:
7075:
7071:
7067:
7063:
7059:
7055:
7051:
7047:
7043:
7042:
7034:
7031:
7026:
7022:
7018:
7014:
7010:
7006:
7002:
6998:
6994:
6993:
6992:Plant Science
6985:
6982:
6977:
6973:
6968:
6963:
6959:
6955:
6951:
6944:
6942:
6938:
6933:
6929:
6925:
6921:
6917:
6913:
6909:
6905:
6901:
6897:
6890:
6888:
6886:
6884:
6880:
6875:
6871:
6867:
6863:
6859:
6855:
6851:
6847:
6843:
6839:
6838:Staskawicz BJ
6832:
6829:
6824:
6820:
6816:
6812:
6808:
6804:
6800:
6796:
6792:
6791:
6783:
6780:
6775:
6771:
6767:
6763:
6759:
6755:
6751:
6747:
6743:
6739:
6731:
6729:
6727:
6725:
6723:
6719:
6714:
6710:
6705:
6700:
6696:
6692:
6688:
6684:
6680:
6673:
6670:
6665:
6661:
6657:
6653:
6648:
6643:
6640:(7): 935–44.
6639:
6635:
6631:
6624:
6621:
6616:
6612:
6607:
6602:
6598:
6594:
6590:
6586:
6582:
6575:
6572:
6567:
6563:
6559:
6555:
6550:
6545:
6542:(3): 369–77.
6541:
6537:
6533:
6529:
6528:Staskawicz BJ
6522:
6519:
6514:
6510:
6505:
6500:
6496:
6492:
6489:(8): 865–75.
6488:
6484:
6480:
6476:
6475:Staskawicz BJ
6469:
6466:
6461:
6457:
6452:
6447:
6444:(5): 783–93.
6443:
6439:
6435:
6428:
6425:
6419:
6415:
6411:
6407:
6403:
6399:
6395:
6391:
6387:
6380:
6377:
6372:
6368:
6364:
6360:
6355:
6350:
6347:(4): 749–60.
6346:
6342:
6338:
6331:
6328:
6323:
6319:
6315:
6311:
6307:
6303:
6299:
6295:
6291:
6290:
6281:
6278:
6273:
6269:
6264:
6259:
6255:
6251:
6247:
6240:
6237:
6232:
6228:
6223:
6218:
6215:(3): 277–84.
6214:
6210:
6206:
6204:
6195:
6192:
6187:
6183:
6178:
6173:
6169:
6165:
6161:
6157:
6153:
6146:
6143:
6138:
6134:
6129:
6124:
6120:
6116:
6113:(3): 731–46.
6112:
6108:
6104:
6097:
6094:
6081:
6077:
6073:
6069:
6065:
6060:
6055:
6051:
6047:
6043:
6039:
6035:
6031:
6027:
6020:
6017:
6012:
6008:
6004:
6000:
5996:
5992:
5988:
5984:
5980:
5976:
5968:
5965:
5962:
5958:
5955:
5950:
5945:
5941:
5937:
5933:
5927:
5924:
5919:
5915:
5911:
5907:
5903:
5899:
5895:
5891:
5887:
5883:
5879:
5878:
5870:
5868:
5864:
5851:
5847:
5843:
5839:
5838:The Telegraph
5834:
5826:
5823:
5810:
5806:
5802:
5795:
5793:
5789:
5784:
5780:
5776:
5772:
5768:
5764:
5760:
5756:
5752:
5750:
5741:
5738:
5733:
5729:
5725:
5721:
5717:
5713:
5708:
5703:
5699:
5695:
5691:
5684:
5682:
5678:
5675:, 18 May 2000
5674:
5670:
5666:
5663:
5658:
5655:
5650:
5646:
5642:
5638:
5634:
5630:
5626:
5622:
5619:(3): 424–30.
5618:
5614:
5610:
5603:
5600:
5595:
5591:
5586:
5581:
5576:
5571:
5566:
5561:
5557:
5553:
5549:
5547:
5538:
5535:
5530:
5526:
5521:
5516:
5512:
5508:
5504:
5502:
5493:
5490:
5485:
5481:
5476:
5471:
5468:(2): 289–97.
5467:
5463:
5459:
5457:
5448:
5445:
5440:
5436:
5432:
5428:
5423:
5418:
5414:
5410:
5406:
5405:
5400:
5393:
5390:
5385:
5381:
5377:
5373:
5369:
5365:
5361:
5357:
5353:
5352:
5344:
5341:
5336:
5332:
5328:
5324:
5320:
5316:
5311:
5306:
5302:
5298:
5294:
5290:
5286:
5285:
5280:
5273:
5271:
5269:
5267:
5265:
5263:
5261:
5257:
5252:
5248:
5244:
5240:
5237:(4): 573–98.
5236:
5232:
5225:
5222:
5215:
5212:
5207:
5203:
5198:
5193:
5189:
5185:
5181:
5177:
5173:
5166:
5163:
5158:
5154:
5149:
5144:
5140:
5136:
5132:
5128:
5124:
5117:
5114:
5109:
5105:
5100:
5095:
5091:
5087:
5083:
5079:
5075:
5068:
5065:
5060:
5056:
5052:
5048:
5044:
5040:
5036:
5032:
5028:
5024:
5017:
5014:
5001:
4997:
4993:
4986:
4983:
4976:
4973:
4968:
4964:
4960:
4956:
4951:
4946:
4942:
4938:
4934:
4933:
4928:
4924:
4918:
4915:
4910:
4906:
4902:
4898:
4893:
4888:
4884:
4880:
4876:
4872:
4866:
4863:
4858:
4854:
4850:
4846:
4841:
4836:
4832:
4828:
4824:
4820:
4816:
4809:
4806:
4803:
4799:
4796:
4791:
4787:
4783:
4779:
4775:
4771:
4767:
4763:
4759:
4755:
4748:
4745:
4740:
4736:
4731:
4726:
4721:
4716:
4712:
4708:
4704:
4697:
4694:
4689:
4685:
4680:
4675:
4670:
4665:
4661:
4657:
4653:
4651:
4642:
4639:
4626:
4622:
4618:
4612:
4609:
4596:
4592:
4588:
4582:
4579:
4574:
4570:
4565:
4560:
4556:
4552:
4548:
4544:
4540:
4533:
4530:
4517:
4513:
4509:
4503:
4501:
4499:
4495:
4482:
4478:
4474:
4468:
4465:
4460:
4456:
4452:
4448:
4444:
4440:
4436:
4432:
4428:
4421:
4418:
4413:
4409:
4405:
4401:
4397:
4393:
4390:(6): 735–43.
4389:
4385:
4381:
4374:
4371:
4366:
4362:
4358:
4354:
4350:
4346:
4339:
4336:
4331:
4327:
4322:
4317:
4313:
4309:
4308:Plant Journal
4305:
4303:
4294:
4291:
4278:
4274:
4272:
4264:
4261:
4256:
4252:
4248:
4244:
4240:
4236:
4231:
4226:
4222:
4218:
4214:
4212:
4203:
4200:
4187:
4183:
4179:
4177:
4169:
4166:
4153:
4149:
4145:
4139:
4136:
4123:
4119:
4113:
4110:
4105:
4101:
4096:
4091:
4087:
4083:
4079:
4075:
4071:
4069:
4060:
4057:
4052:
4048:
4043:
4038:
4034:
4030:
4026:
4022:
4018:
4011:
4008:
4002:
3999:
3994:
3990:
3985:
3980:
3976:
3972:
3969:(5): 547–57.
3968:
3964:
3960:
3958:
3954:
3950:
3946:
3937:
3934:
3929:
3925:
3921:
3917:
3912:
3907:
3903:
3899:
3895:
3893:
3884:
3882:
3878:
3865:
3861:
3859:
3851:
3849:
3845:
3840:
3836:
3831:
3826:
3821:
3816:
3812:
3808:
3804:
3800:
3796:
3794:
3785:
3782:
3777:
3773:
3769:
3765:
3761:
3757:
3753:
3749:
3745:
3741:
3737:
3733:
3726:
3723:
3710:
3706:
3705:
3700:
3694:
3691:
3686:
3682:
3677:
3672:
3668:
3664:
3660:
3656:
3652:
3650:
3641:
3639:
3635:
3630:
3626:
3622:
3618:
3614:
3610:
3606:
3602:
3598:
3594:
3590:
3583:
3580:
3575:
3571:
3566:
3561:
3556:
3551:
3547:
3543:
3542:PLOS Genetics
3539:
3537:
3527:
3524:
3508:
3504:
3500:
3496:
3492:
3488:
3484:
3480:
3476:
3469:
3462:
3459:
3454:
3450:
3445:
3440:
3436:
3432:
3428:
3424:
3420:
3418:
3409:
3406:
3403:
3402:
3397:
3393:
3390:
3386:
3383:
3378:
3374:
3370:
3364:
3361:
3348:
3344:
3340:
3334:
3331:
3318:
3314:
3312:
3304:
3301:
3296:
3292:
3287:
3282:
3277:
3272:
3268:
3264:
3263:PLOS Genetics
3260:
3253:
3250:
3237:
3233:
3231:
3223:
3221:
3217:
3212:
3208:
3203:
3198:
3193:
3188:
3184:
3180:
3176:
3174:
3165:
3162:
3157:
3153:
3146:
3143:
3130:
3126:
3122:
3120:
3112:
3109:
3104:
3098:
3090:
3086:
3081:
3076:
3072:
3068:
3064:
3060:
3056:
3054:
3045:
3043:
3039:
3034:
3030:
3026:
3022:
3017:
3012:
3008:
3004:
3000:
2996:
2989:
2986:
2981:
2977:
2972:
2967:
2964:(2): 207–17.
2963:
2959:
2955:
2953:
2944:
2941:
2938:
2934:
2931:
2930:
2923:
2920:
2917:
2913:
2910:
2909:
2902:
2899:
2896:
2895:0-340-40170-2
2892:
2888:
2882:
2879:
2876:
2872:
2869:
2868:
2861:
2858:
2845:
2841:
2837:
2831:
2828:
2815:
2811:
2805:
2803:
2799:
2794:
2790:
2785:
2780:
2775:
2770:
2766:
2762:
2758:
2756:
2747:
2744:
2739:
2735:
2730:
2725:
2720:
2715:
2711:
2707:
2703:
2701:
2692:
2690:
2686:
2681:
2677:
2673:
2669:
2665:
2661:
2657:
2653:
2649:
2645:
2641:
2634:
2631:
2626:
2622:
2618:
2614:
2610:
2603:
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2591:
2587:
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2567:
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2553:
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2533:
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2525:
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2493:
2489:
2485:
2478:
2475:
2469:
2464:
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2450:
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2441:
2439:
2437:
2433:
2432:
2428:
2424:
2420:
2417:
2414:
2411:
2408:
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2399:
2396:
2393:
2392:
2388:
2386:
2384:
2379:
2372:
2370:
2368:
2364:
2360:
2355:
2354:
2350:
2346:
2341:
2339:
2335:
2331:
2327:
2319:
2317:
2315:
2314:
2310:
2305:
2301:
2300:
2295:
2291:
2289:
2285:which guards
2284:
2280:
2278:
2273:
2271:
2270:
2265:
2264:
2259:
2252:
2245:
2241:
2237:
2233:
2226:
2222:
2217:
2215:
2211:
2207:
2203:
2199:
2195:
2189:
2186:
2182:
2179:
2175:
2167:
2165:
2163:
2162:
2157:
2156:
2152:
2147:
2143:
2138:
2136:
2132:
2128:
2124:
2120:
2116:
2112:
2108:
2104:
2100:
2096:
2094:
2090:
2089:strain DC3000
2088:
2084:
2079:
2075:
2071:
2067:
2063:
2059:
2055:
2051:
2045:
2043:
2039:
2035:
2031:
2027:
2022:
2020:
2019:
2014:
2013:Agrobacterium
2010:
2008:
2007:Agrobacterium
2003:
1999:
1995:
1990:
1988:
1984:
1980:
1976:
1972:
1968:
1964:
1960:
1956:
1952:
1947:
1945:
1941:
1937:
1933:
1932:nonpathogenic
1928:
1926:
1922:
1918:
1915:to penetrate
1914:
1910:
1906:
1902:
1899:
1895:
1891:
1890:
1885:
1881:
1877:
1868:
1862:
1858:
1853:
1852:
1843:
1837:
1835:
1831:
1824:
1819:
1811:
1810:
1805:
1804:
1800:
1798:
1795:
1794:
1791:
1787:
1784:
1782:
1779:
1778:
1775:
1774:
1770:
1768:
1765:
1764:
1761:
1760:
1757:
1756:Golovinomyces
1752:
1751:
1746:
1745:
1741:
1739:
1736:
1735:
1732:
1731:
1726:
1725:
1721:
1719:
1716:
1715:
1712:
1708:
1706:Pathogen type
1705:
1704:
1701:
1699:
1695:
1691:
1687:
1683:
1679:
1675:
1671:
1662:
1660:
1658:
1654:
1650:
1647:, 2018 finds
1646:
1642:
1638:
1625:
1623:
1621:
1616:
1612:
1608:
1604:
1600:
1592:
1590:
1588:
1584:
1580:
1576:
1572:
1568:
1564:
1556:
1554:
1552:
1548:
1543:
1541:
1537:
1533:
1530:In 2000, Dr.
1528:
1525:
1521:
1517:
1512:
1510:
1506:
1502:
1498:
1494:
1490:
1486:
1482:
1478:
1474:
1470:
1468:
1464:
1459:
1457:
1453:
1449:
1445:
1441:
1440:vernalization
1437:
1433:
1429:
1428:
1423:
1422:
1417:
1416:
1411:
1407:
1406:
1401:
1400:
1395:
1394:
1389:
1388:
1383:
1379:
1378:de-etiolation
1375:
1371:
1367:
1363:
1355:
1350:
1348:
1346:
1342:
1339:
1335:
1334:developmental
1331:
1327:
1324:and allowing
1323:
1319:
1315:
1311:
1307:
1303:
1299:
1292:
1290:
1288:
1283:
1281:
1277:
1274:
1270:
1266:
1262:
1258:
1257:
1252:
1248:
1244:
1240:
1235:
1233:
1228:
1224:
1216:
1214:
1212:
1208:
1204:
1203:E. Meyerowitz
1200:
1196:
1188:
1183:
1179:
1177:
1173:
1170:mutations in
1169:
1165:
1161:
1157:
1153:
1149:
1145:
1140:
1132:
1127:
1125:
1123:
1119:
1115:
1111:
1107:
1103:
1099:
1095:
1087:
1085:
1083:
1079:
1075:
1071:
1067:
1059:
1057:
1055:
1051:
1042:SNARE called
1041:
1037:
1033:
1029:
1022:
1020:
1018:
1014:
1006:
1004:
1002:
1001:
996:
992:
988:
984:
976:
974:
973:
969:
965:
962:plants. This
961:
957:
952:
950:
946:
942:
938:
934:
930:
926:
922:
917:
915:
910:
905:
903:
899:
898:Agrobacterium
895:
891:
890:
885:
881:
874:
872:
870:
866:
862:
858:
854:
846:
844:
842:
838:
834:
830:
826:
822:
818:
810:
808:
805:
801:
797:
792:
790:
786:
782:
781:
776:
772:
771:
766:
762:
758:
754:
750:
746:
738:
733:
728:
721:
719:
717:
714:
710:
706:
702:
698:
694:
689:
687:
683:
679:
675:
671:
667:
662:
660:
656:
652:
648:
645:
641:
637:
633:
629:
625:
624:
619:
618:double flower
615:
611:
602:
598:
596:
592:
588:
584:
580:
576:
572:
566:
565:
555:
553:
551:
546:
542:
540:
537:and Spain to
536:
532:
531:Mediterranean
528:
521:
519:
516:
511:
509:
508:
503:
500:, comes from
499:
498:
493:
489:
485:
481:
477:
476:Carl Linnaeus
473:
469:
465:
459:
454:
453:Johannes Thal
450:
442:
440:
438:
434:
427:
423:
419:
415:
411:
409:
408:
403:
399:
395:
391:
387:
383:
379:
375:
371:
367:
363:
359:
351:
344:
342:
340:
339:light sensing
336:
332:
328:
324:
320:
316:
315:plant biology
312:
309:is a popular
308:
304:
303:winter annual
299:
297:
293:
289:
285:
281:
280:
271:
270:
265:
262:
258:
250:
242:
238:
230:
226:
218:
217:
214:
211:The range of
209:
205:
200:
196:
192:
186:
184:
178:
175:
174:Binomial name
171:
167:
166:
161:
158:
157:
154:
153:
149:
146:
145:
142:
139:
136:
135:
132:
129:
126:
125:
122:
119:
116:
113:
112:
109:
106:
103:
100:
99:
96:
93:
90:
87:
86:
83:
82:Tracheophytes
80:
77:
74:
73:
70:
67:
64:
63:
58:
53:
49:
45:
40:
37:
33:
30:
19:
9074:Plant models
8882:
8319:
8292:
8280:
8187:Nexus format
8182:NeXML format
8177:FASTQ format
8172:FASTA format
8160:File formats
7922:Institutions
7657:
7650:
7643:
7636:
7630:
7629:
7617:
7600:
7593:
7586:
7582:Lambda phage
7519:
7471:
7465:
7453:. Retrieved
7439:
7430:
7389:
7385:
7381:
7375:
7356:
7352:
7346:
7338:
7326:. Retrieved
7308:
7275:
7271:
7261:
7228:
7225:Astrobiology
7224:
7218:
7175:
7172:Astrobiology
7171:
7161:
7114:
7108:
7098:
7045:
7039:
7033:
6996:
6990:
6984:
6960:(1): 71–82.
6957:
6953:
6899:
6895:
6849:
6845:
6841:
6831:
6794:
6788:
6782:
6741:
6737:
6686:
6682:
6672:
6637:
6633:
6623:
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6584:
6574:
6539:
6535:
6521:
6486:
6482:
6468:
6441:
6437:
6427:
6396:(4): 365–9.
6393:
6389:
6386:Staskawicz B
6379:
6344:
6340:
6330:
6293:
6287:
6280:
6253:
6249:
6239:
6212:
6208:
6202:
6194:
6159:
6155:
6145:
6110:
6106:
6096:
6084:. Retrieved
6033:
6029:
6019:
5978:
5974:
5967:
5935:
5931:
5926:
5881:
5875:
5854:. Retrieved
5837:
5825:
5813:. Retrieved
5804:
5758:
5754:
5748:
5740:
5697:
5693:
5672:
5657:
5616:
5612:
5608:
5602:
5555:
5551:
5545:
5537:
5510:
5506:
5500:
5492:
5465:
5461:
5458:development"
5455:
5447:
5408:
5402:
5392:
5355:
5349:
5343:
5288:
5282:
5278:
5234:
5230:
5224:
5214:
5179:
5175:
5165:
5130:
5126:
5116:
5081:
5077:
5067:
5026:
5022:
5016:
5004:. Retrieved
4995:
4985:
4975:
4936:
4930:
4917:
4882:
4878:
4865:
4822:
4818:
4808:
4757:
4753:
4747:
4710:
4706:
4696:
4659:
4655:
4649:
4641:
4629:. Retrieved
4620:
4611:
4599:. Retrieved
4591:abrc.osu.edu
4590:
4581:
4546:
4542:
4532:
4520:. Retrieved
4511:
4485:. Retrieved
4476:
4467:
4437:(2): 641–6.
4434:
4430:
4426:
4420:
4387:
4383:
4379:
4373:
4348:
4344:
4338:
4311:
4307:
4301:
4293:
4281:. Retrieved
4270:
4263:
4220:
4216:
4210:
4202:
4190:. Retrieved
4181:
4175:
4168:
4156:. Retrieved
4147:
4138:
4126:. Retrieved
4112:
4077:
4073:
4067:
4059:
4024:
4020:
4010:
4001:
3966:
3962:
3956:
3952:
3948:
3944:
3936:
3901:
3898:DNA Research
3897:
3891:
3868:. Retrieved
3857:
3802:
3798:
3792:
3784:
3743:
3739:
3735:
3731:
3725:
3713:. Retrieved
3702:
3693:
3658:
3654:
3648:
3596:
3592:
3588:
3582:
3545:
3541:
3535:
3526:
3514:. Retrieved
3478:
3474:
3461:
3429:(2): 622–9.
3426:
3422:
3416:
3408:
3399:
3398:TAIR: About
3385:
3377:the original
3363:
3351:. Retrieved
3342:
3333:
3321:. Retrieved
3310:
3303:
3266:
3262:
3252:
3240:. Retrieved
3229:
3182:
3178:
3172:
3164:
3155:
3151:
3145:
3133:. Retrieved
3125:www.gbif.org
3124:
3118:
3111:
3097:cite journal
3062:
3058:
3052:
2998:
2994:
2988:
2961:
2957:
2951:
2943:
2928:
2922:
2907:
2901:
2886:
2881:
2866:
2860:
2848:. Retrieved
2844:the original
2839:
2830:
2818:. Retrieved
2764:
2760:
2754:
2746:
2709:
2705:
2699:
2647:
2643:
2639:
2633:
2616:
2612:
2608:
2602:
2569:
2565:
2561:
2555:
2543:. Retrieved
2529:
2523:
2516:
2504:. Retrieved
2487:
2477:
2456:
2453:Rachel Leech
2435:
2382:
2377:
2376:
2356:
2353:A. thaliana.
2352:
2348:
2344:
2342:
2338:microgravity
2325:
2323:
2313:phaseolicola
2312:
2308:
2306:produced by
2297:
2293:
2286:
2275:
2274:
2267:
2261:
2243:
2220:
2219:Research in
2218:
2209:
2194:pathosystems
2190:
2184:
2183:
2177:
2171:
2159:
2149:
2139:
2134:
2127:translocates
2122:
2114:
2110:
2102:
2097:
2086:
2082:
2073:
2069:
2065:
2061:
2046:
2029:
2023:
2016:
2012:
2006:
1993:
1991:
1978:
1962:
1950:
1948:
1929:
1924:
1920:
1916:
1912:
1908:
1904:
1893:
1887:
1883:
1875:
1873:
1866:
1856:
1850:
1846:
1833:
1829:
1825:
1822:
1808:
1802:
1796:
1780:
1771:
1766:
1754:
1748:
1742:
1737:
1729:
1722:
1717:
1710:
1689:
1666:
1644:
1636:
1629:
1610:
1602:
1596:
1582:
1574:
1566:
1560:
1550:
1544:
1539:
1529:
1519:
1518:response of
1513:
1504:
1497:cryptochrome
1492:
1477:phototropism
1472:
1471:
1460:
1451:
1443:
1431:
1425:
1419:
1413:
1409:
1403:
1397:
1391:
1385:
1362:phytochromes
1359:
1310:fluorescence
1297:
1296:
1284:
1279:
1275:
1272:
1268:
1260:
1254:
1238:
1236:
1231:
1222:
1220:
1210:
1192:
1186:
1175:
1171:
1143:
1142:
1109:
1106:volcanic ash
1097:
1091:
1077:
1063:
1039:
1027:
1026:
1016:
1010:
998:
986:
980:
972:CRISPR/Cas9.
968:gene editing
953:
948:
944:
940:
928:
924:
920:
918:
913:
908:
906:
897:
892:to transfer
887:
883:
878:
868:
864:
856:
852:
850:
840:
836:
832:
828:
824:
816:
814:
803:
793:
788:
784:
778:
768:
764:
752:
742:
731:
715:
700:
692:
690:
681:
677:
673:
669:
666:George RĂ©dei
663:
658:
650:
639:
635:
631:
621:
609:
607:
594:
590:
581:, including
574:
570:
568:
563:
549:
544:
543:
526:
525:
514:
512:
505:
495:
487:
479:
471:
446:
436:
432:
431:
425:
405:
390:Brassicaceae
357:
356:
322:
306:
300:
296:Brassicaceae
291:
287:
283:
278:
277:
276:
268:
267:
251:is not found
248:
236:
224:
212:
182:
180:
164:
163:
151:
141:Brassicaceae
114:
101:
88:
75:
35:
29:
9104:Arabidopsis
8753:kew-2645262
8627:NatureServe
8565:iNaturalist
8344:Wikispecies
8167:CRAM format
8088:(CSIR-IGIB)
7631:Arabidopsis
7602:Tetrahymena
7520:Arabidopsis
7349:(L.) Heynh"
7121:: 139–160.
7066:1874/413668
7052:: 253–276.
6801:: 379–402.
6526:Axtell MJ,
6300:: 452–459.
6086:5 September
5888:: 291–313.
5609:Arabidopsis
5546:Arabidopsis
5456:Arabidopsis
5415:: 555–575.
5362:: 461–481.
5279:Arabidopsis
4631:15 February
4601:12 December
4351:: 107–120.
4128:29 December
3957:Arabidopsis
3953:Arabidopsis
3699:"About AIS"
3661:(1): 15–9.
3649:Arabidopsis
3589:Arabidopsis
3417:Arabidopsis
3401:Arabidopsis
3323:27 February
3232:– Overview"
3158:(1): 1–144.
3121:(L.) Heynh"
2850:10 February
2840:www.nsf.gov
2545:11 December
2459:chromosome.
2449:Harlow Carr
2436:A. thaliana
2383:A. thaliana
2378:A. thaliana
2345:A. thaliana
2326:A. thaliana
2266:itself and
2244:A. thaliana
2221:A. thaliana
2210:A. thaliana
2185:A. thaliana
2111:A. thaliana
2103:A. thaliana
2083:P. syringae
2074:A. thaliana
2062:A. thaliana
2030:A. thaliana
1994:A. thaliana
1979:A. thaliana
1963:A. thaliana
1951:A. thaliana
1925:B. graminis
1917:A. thaliana
1913:B. graminis
1905:B. graminis
1894:A. thaliana
1884:A. thaliana
1876:A. thaliana
1874:The use of
1867:A. thaliana
1857:A. thaliana
1834:A. thaliana
1830:A. thaliana
1823:A. thaliana
1711:A. thaliana
1709:Example in
1690:A. thaliana
1688:pathogens.
1637:Arabidopsis
1611:A. thaliana
1603:A. thaliana
1593:On the Moon
1583:A. thaliana
1581:found that
1575:A. thaliana
1567:A. thaliana
1551:A. thaliana
1540:A. thaliana
1532:Janet Braam
1520:A. thaliana
1516:gravitropic
1505:A. thaliana
1493:Arabidopsis
1489:phototropin
1481:chloroplast
1473:A. thaliana
1456:WD40 repeat
1454:produces a
1448:homeodomain
1446:produces a
1436:photoperiod
1374:germination
1366:phototropic
1298:A. thaliana
1265:gibberellin
1239:A. thaliana
1232:A. thaliana
1223:A. thaliana
1221:Studies of
1211:A. thaliana
1187:A. thaliana
1172:A. thaliana
1144:A. thaliana
1128:Development
1110:A. thaliana
1078:A. thaliana
1072:light, and
1070:ultraviolet
1040:Arabidopsis
1028:Arabidopsis
1017:A. thaliana
995:inheritance
987:A. thaliana
941:Arabidopsis
927:(Landsberg
921:A. thaliana
914:A. thaliana
909:A. thaliana
884:A. thaliana
865:Arabidopsis
857:Arabidopsis
853:A. thaliana
817:A. thaliana
804:Arabidopsis
789:A. thaliana
785:Arabidopsis
765:A. thaliana
761:chromosomes
732:A. thaliana
716:A. thaliana
701:A. thaliana
693:A. thaliana
688:, Germany.
682:Arabidopsis
678:Arabidopsis
674:A. thaliana
670:A. thaliana
659:A. thaliana
651:A. thaliana
647:mutagenesis
640:A. thaliana
636:A. thaliana
632:A. thaliana
610:A. thaliana
595:A. thaliana
591:A. thaliana
575:A. thaliana
571:A. thaliana
550:A. thaliana
545:A. thaliana
535:Scandinavia
527:A. thaliana
515:A. thaliana
497:Arabidopsis
488:Arabidopsis
474:. In 1753,
456: [
437:A. thaliana
433:A. thaliana
426:A. thaliana
402:rhizosphere
345:Description
323:A. thaliana
307:A. thaliana
292:arabidopsis
284:thale cress
249:A. thaliana
237:A. thaliana
225:A. thaliana
152:Arabidopsis
131:Brassicales
95:Angiosperms
9043:Categories
8845:WisFlora:
8748:Plant List
8414:Calflora:
8253:Sequencing
8217:GTF format
8212:GFF format
8207:VCF format
8197:SAM format
7960:(EMBL-EBI)
7886:SOAP suite
7806:VectorBase
7768:BioNumbers
7754:Swiss-Prot
7652:Drosophila
7645:C. elegans
7619:Neurospora
7472:The Garden
7455:4 December
5932:Microbiome
5856:15 January
5815:15 January
5558:: e00669.
4522:19 October
4487:19 October
3949:Drosophila
3870:4 November
3353:8 December
3135:8 December
2712:: –06100.
2470:References
2363:lunar soil
2234:family of
2123:NPR1. NPR1
1641:triterpene
1351:Physiology
1326:time-lapse
1322:sectioning
1293:Microscopy
1082:photolyase
1074:DNA repair
1060:DNA repair
991:DNA repair
843:, black).
757:sequencing
707:-mediated
464:Nordhausen
8898:Q21870722
8521:200009201
8495:200009201
8477:FloraBase
8080:(ISCB-SC)
8050:(EMBL-AR)
7983:(MPI-CBG)
7724:Databases
7665:Zebrafish
7153:215757180
7137:0066-4286
7090:218617308
7074:0066-4286
7017:0168-9452
7003:: 35–40.
6815:0066-4286
6314:0304-4238
5938:(1): 58.
5918:219947907
5902:1081-0706
5846:0307-1235
5805:Space.com
5775:1058-5893
5716:0092-8674
5565:1306.5148
5431:1081-0706
5384:225237602
5376:1543-592X
5327:0036-8075
5305:CiteSeerX
5133:: e0073.
5084:: e0163.
4959:1543-5008
4871:Pennisi E
4345:Biochimie
4239:1365-313X
3920:1340-2838
3651:research"
3011:CiteSeerX
2496:2405-8858
2214:pleitropy
2198:coevolved
2174:pathogens
2161:PstDC3000
2119:reduction
1955:flagellin
1940:receptors
1698:pathogens
1670:bacterial
1657:chromatin
1649:synthesis
1643:. Potter
1632:Thalianin
1607:microcosm
1599:Chang'e-4
1569:exhibits
1306:seedlings
1280:SAWTOOTH1
1122:Apollo 11
1118:Apollo 17
1114:Apollo 12
1007:Lifecycle
964:phenotype
956:Knockouts
861:recombine
686:Göttingen
587:evolution
468:ThĂĽringen
378:trichomes
319:eukaryote
227:is native
159:Species:
65:Kingdom:
9021:Tropicos
8987:10191507
8974:278687-1
8892:Wikidata
8833:VicFlora
8822:VASCAN:
8800:Tropicos
8714:PalDat:
8632:2.148047
8596:10688058
8583:277970-1
8404:BioLib:
8329:Wikidata
8282:Category
8152:(RECOMB)
8102:Meetings
8056:(EMBnet)
7906:Server:
7881:SAMtools
7876:PANGOLIN
7839:Software
7818:PHI-base
7810:WormBase
7780:InterPro
7571:genetics
7501:Archived
7449:Archived
7422:45853624
7414:17656687
7353:Heredity
7322:Archived
7300:12989263
7253:20446867
7210:25317938
7145:32284014
7082:32396762
7025:25617321
7001:Elsevier
6924:15085136
6823:26243727
6774:15507678
6766:17810266
6713:12897257
6656:12837250
6615:12244227
6558:12581526
6460:20713980
6410:20231819
6363:16713565
6322:90436989
6298:Elsevier
6272:10911994
6231:10377993
6186:22303251
6162:: e012.
6137:16473969
6080:Archived
6076:35317665
6068:16293760
6003:14586469
5957:Archived
5910:32559387
5850:Archived
5809:Archived
5783:84173889
5732:38574940
5665:Archived
5649:28410755
5641:11289607
5611:roots".
5594:23805380
5529:16096959
5484:12921732
5439:28693387
5335:11951029
5291:(5566).
5251:16441350
5219:p769-787
5206:20435903
5157:22303224
5108:23864837
5000:Archived
4980:19521716
4967:27860488
4943:: 1–27.
4909:82215542
4901:17008492
4849:17006468
4798:Archived
4782:15785770
4739:29675030
4688:28174584
4625:Archived
4595:Archived
4573:15908601
4516:Archived
4481:Archived
4451:17406292
4404:10069079
4365:24075874
4283:10 April
4277:Archived
4255:12155857
4247:27862469
4186:Archived
4152:Archived
4122:Archived
4104:11130711
4051:25274549
3993:12646499
3928:10574454
3864:Archived
3776:22125701
3768:17792019
3715:25 April
3709:Archived
3685:11154286
3574:20169178
3507:Archived
3503:24427325
3495:17870254
3453:15208410
3392:Archived
3347:Archived
3317:Archived
3295:29432421
3236:Archived
3211:29862511
3129:Archived
3089:27293186
2980:17313171
2933:Archived
2912:Archived
2871:Archived
2820:29 March
2814:Archived
2793:28473417
2738:25807084
2672:11123622
2594:84959150
2500:Archived
2429:See also
2415:database
2349:in vitro
2304:effector
2144:affects
2076:via the
1797:Nematode
1767:Oomycete
1718:Bacteria
1686:nematode
1678:oomycete
1615:silkworm
1524:mutagens
1509:division
1318:fixation
1251:meristem
1168:Homeotic
960:glabrous
937:Columbia
875:Genetics
798:-coding
775:Lamiales
773:, order
770:Genlisea
722:Genomics
655:ecotypes
583:genetics
443:Taxonomy
422:trichome
366:biennial
364:(rarely
261:Synonyms
137:Family:
108:Eudicots
9026:4102055
8948:5377084
8815:4957726
8805:4100029
8544:3052436
8335:Q158695
8294:Commons
8129:(InCoB)
8074:(ISCB)
8062:(INSDC)
8044:(ASBCB)
7948:(DBCLS)
7942:(COSBI)
7856:Clustal
7802:FlyBase
7776:Ensembl
7750:UniProt
7732:GenBank
7659:Xenopus
7588:E. coli
7394:Bibcode
7386:Science
7280:Bibcode
7233:Bibcode
7201:4201294
7180:Bibcode
6976:8758979
6932:4332562
6904:Bibcode
6874:8091210
6854:Bibcode
6846:Science
6746:Bibcode
6738:Science
6664:1562690
6566:1497625
6513:8400869
6418:7260214
6371:6856390
6177:3244959
6128:1383646
6038:Bibcode
6030:Science
6011:4408024
5983:Bibcode
5724:2302732
5621:Bibcode
5585:3691572
5297:Bibcode
5284:Science
5197:2879760
5148:3243335
5099:3711357
5059:4276098
5051:1715520
5031:Bibcode
4879:Science
4857:4420979
4827:Bibcode
4790:1352368
4762:Bibcode
4730:5895730
4713:: 424.
4679:5258748
4564:1150426
4459:6906570
4330:7920724
4192:15 June
4158:15 June
4082:Bibcode
4042:4649684
3984:4242247
3839:2937058
3807:Bibcode
3748:Bibcode
3740:Science
3676:1539315
3629:4323431
3621:1973265
3601:Bibcode
3565:2820523
3516:29 June
3369:"IRMNG"
3286:5825158
3080:4949382
3033:9784120
3003:Bibcode
2995:Science
2784:5441814
2729:4373673
2680:1788832
2652:Bibcode
2574:Bibcode
2332:by the
2299:AvrPphB
2038:callose
1983:somatic
1898:mutagen
1759:orontii
1341:markers
1199:E. Coen
1176:agamous
1164:pistils
1160:carpels
1156:stamens
1054:vacuole
1045:AtVTI1a
1000:HOTHEAD
869:in vivo
796:protein
777:, with
749:diploid
697:petunia
623:Agamous
492:generic
394:siliqua
382:flowers
147:Genus:
127:Order:
69:Plantae
9000:184488
8961:311714
8922:199172
8906:APDB:
8812:uBio:
8792:2898-1
8761:PLANTS
8707:309263
8665:NZOR:
8531:ARATHA
8528:FoIO:
8469:162652
8443:583954
8392:ARKive
8368:APDB:
8135:(CIBB)
8123:(ISMB)
8117:(ECCB)
8094:(JSBi)
8000:(NBIC)
7989:(NCBI)
7977:(JCVI)
7966:(EMBL)
7954:(DDBJ)
7908:ExPASy
7891:TopHat
7871:MUSCLE
7861:EMBOSS
7851:Bowtie
7826:GISAID
7786:, and
7758:TrEMBL
7565:Major
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7328:13 May
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5975:Nature
5916:
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5023:Nature
5006:14 May
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4737:
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4587:"ABRC"
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2258:domain
2087:tomato
1959:ligand
1684:, and
1674:fungal
1645:et al.
1635:is an
1485:stomal
1380:, and
1332:. The
1287:dorsal
1237:Using
1158:, and
1152:petals
1148:sepals
1116:&
929:erecta
745:genome
713:cloned
539:Greece
507:Arabis
494:name,
386:corymb
380:. The
370:leaves
362:annual
360:is an
327:genome
282:, the
245:
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221:
195:Heynh.
121:Rosids
8982:IRMNG
8909:77695
8855:WoI:
8787:SANBI
8737:PFI:
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8591:IRMNG
8570:55021
8503:FoAO2
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8464:EUNIS
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8384:98050
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8358:APA:
8146:(PSB)
8068:(ISB)
8017:(SIB)
8006:(PGC)
7936:(CBD)
7900:Other
7866:HMMER
7846:BLAST
7675:Mouse
7625:Maize
7418:S2CID
7296:S2CID
7149:S2CID
7117:(1).
7086:S2CID
7048:(1).
6928:S2CID
6797:(1).
6770:S2CID
6660:S2CID
6562:S2CID
6414:S2CID
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6318:S2CID
6072:S2CID
6007:S2CID
5914:S2CID
5884:(1).
5779:S2CID
5728:S2CID
5645:S2CID
5560:arXiv
5552:eLife
5411:(1).
5380:S2CID
5358:(1).
5055:S2CID
4939:(1).
4905:S2CID
4853:S2CID
4786:S2CID
4455:S2CID
4408:S2CID
4251:S2CID
3772:S2CID
3734:with
3625:S2CID
3510:(PDF)
3499:S2CID
3471:(PDF)
2706:eLife
2676:S2CID
2590:S2CID
2302:, an
2290:/PBS1
2281:is a
2279:/RPS5
2247:'
2204:. In
2155:drp2b
1998:EF-Tu
1781:Viral
1738:Fungi
1682:viral
1639:root
1050:Golgi
800:genes
705:T-DNA
644:X-ray
502:Greek
460:]
420:of a
398:seeds
115:Clade
102:Clade
89:Clade
76:Clade
9008:POWO
8995:ITIS
8969:IPNI
8956:GRIN
8943:GBIF
8935:G2P8
8917:APNI
8858:2168
8848:8022
8825:3883
8774:POWO
8766:ARTH
8740:1330
8725:PfaF
8694:6303
8681:2531
8658:3702
8653:NCBI
8604:ITIS
8578:IPNI
8557:3769
8552:GRIN
8539:GBIF
8451:EPPO
8430:G26R
8379:APNI
8361:1203
7828:and
7794:BOLD
7784:KEGG
7760:and
7742:and
7457:2021
7410:PMID
7330:2022
7318:NASA
7249:PMID
7206:PMID
7141:PMID
7133:ISSN
7078:PMID
7070:ISSN
7021:PMID
7013:ISSN
6972:PMID
6920:PMID
6870:PMID
6819:PMID
6811:ISSN
6762:PMID
6709:PMID
6652:PMID
6634:Cell
6611:PMID
6554:PMID
6536:Cell
6509:PMID
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6359:PMID
6341:Cell
6310:ISSN
6268:PMID
6227:PMID
6182:PMID
6133:PMID
6088:2019
6064:PMID
5999:PMID
5906:PMID
5898:ISSN
5858:2019
5842:ISSN
5817:2019
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5720:PMID
5712:ISSN
5694:Cell
5637:PMID
5590:PMID
5525:PMID
5480:PMID
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5427:ISSN
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5047:PMID
5008:2022
4996:NASA
4963:PMID
4955:ISSN
4897:PMID
4845:PMID
4778:PMID
4735:PMID
4684:PMID
4633:2011
4603:2020
4569:PMID
4524:2009
4489:2009
4447:PMID
4400:PMID
4361:PMID
4326:PMID
4285:2019
4243:PMID
4235:ISSN
4194:2021
4160:2021
4130:2008
4100:PMID
4047:PMID
3989:PMID
3924:PMID
3916:ISSN
3872:2018
3835:PMID
3764:PMID
3717:2021
3681:PMID
3617:PMID
3570:PMID
3518:2021
3491:PMID
3475:Gene
3449:PMID
3355:2018
3325:2018
3291:PMID
3244:2016
3207:PMID
3137:2018
3103:link
3085:PMID
3059:Cell
3029:PMID
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2891:ISBN
2852:2023
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1201:and
1094:NASA
1064:The
907:The
374:stem
8930:CoL
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