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video consolidation as well as DVD sales, which over the past two decades is the biggest earner in revenue. According to The
Contemporary Hollywood Film Industry, Philip Drake states that box office takings currently account for less than a quarter of total revenues and have become increasingly "front loaded", earning the majority of receipts in the opening two weeks of exhibition, meaning that films need to make an almost instant impact in order to avoid being dropped from screens by exhibitors. Essentially, if the film does not succeed in the first few weeks of its inception, it will most likely fail in its attempt to gain a sustainable amount of revenue and thus being taken out from movie theaters. Furthermore, higher-budget films on the "opening weekend", or the three days, Friday to Sunday, can signify how much revenue it will bring in, not only to America, but as well as overseas. It may also determine the price in distribution windows through home video and television.
966:—at one end and a projection booth at the other. Moviegoers drive into the parking spaces which are sometimes sloped upwards at the front to give a more direct view of the movie screen. Movies are usually viewed through the car windscreen (windshield) although some people prefer to sit on the bonnet (hood) of the car. Some may also sit in the trunk (back) of their car if space permits. Sound is either provided through portable loudspeakers located by each parking space, or is broadcast on an FM radio frequency, to be played through the car's stereo system. Because of their outdoor nature, drive-ins usually only operate seasonally, and after sunset. Drive-in movie theaters are mainly found in the United States, where they were especially popular in the 1950s and 1960s. Once numbering in the thousands, about 400 remain in the U.S. today. In some cases, multiplex or megaplex theaters were built on the sites of former drive-in theaters.
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1940:, video games, or mobile apps—and studios releasing fewer movies", which means that "people are less likely to head to their local multiplex". This decline is not something that is recent. It has been observed since the 1950s when television became widespread among working-class homes. As the years went on, home media became more popular, and the decline continued. This decline continues until this day. A Pew Media survey from 2006 found that the relationship between movies watched at home versus at the movie theater was in a five to one ratio and 75% of respondents said their preferred way of watching a movie was at home, versus 21% who said they preferred to go to a theater. In 2014, it was reported that the practice of releasing a film in theaters and via on-demand streaming on the same day (for selected films) and the rise in popularity of the
45:
1801:) or for a specific one (allocated seating). As of 2015, some theaters sell tickets online or at automated kiosks in the theater lobby. Movie theaters in North America generally have open seating. Cinemas in Europe can have free seating or numbered seating. Some theaters in Mexico offer numbered seating, in particular, Cinepolis VIP. In the case of numbered seating systems the attendee can often pick seats from a video screen. Sometimes the attendee cannot see the screen and has to make a choice based on a verbal description of the still available seats. In the case of free seats, already seated customers may be asked by staff to move one or more places for the benefit of an arriving couple or group wanting to sit together.
2096:, which prevents ticket holders for the next showing of that weekend's most popular movie from entering the building until their particular auditorium has been cleared out and cleaned. Since the 1980s, some theater chains (especially AMC Theatres) have developed a policy of co-locating their theaters in shopping centers (as opposed to the old practice of building stand-alone theaters). In some cases, lobbies and corridors cannot hold as many people as the auditoriums, thus making holdout lines necessary. In turn, ticket holders may be enticed to shop or eat while stuck outside in the holdout line. However, given the fact that rent is based on floor area, the practice of having a smaller lobby is somewhat understandable.
906:, small-scale productions, film festivals or other presentations. Because of the late development of multiplexes, the term "cinema" or "theater" may refer either to the whole complex or a single auditorium, and sometimes "screen" is used to refer to an auditorium. A popular film may be shown on multiple screens at the same multiplex, which reduces the choice of other films but offers more choice of viewing times or a greater number of seats to accommodate patrons. Two or three screens may be created by dividing up an existing cinema (as Durwood did with his Roxy in 1964), but newly built multiplexes usually have at least six to eight screens, and often as many as twelve, fourteen, sixteen or even eighteen.
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1609:, then movie trailers, and then the feature film. Advertised start times are usually for the entire program or session, not the feature itself; thus people who want to avoid commercials and trailers would opt to enter later. This is easiest and causes the least inconvenience when it is not crowded or one is not very choosy about where one wants to sit. If one has a ticket for a specific seat (see below) one is formally assured of that, but it is still inconvenient and disturbing to find and claim it during the commercials and trailers, unless it is near an aisle. Some movie theaters have some kind of
1902:, typically due to depictions of sex, nudity or graphic violence. According to such systems, children or teenagers below a certain age may be forbidden access to theaters showing certain movies, or only admitted when accompanied by a parent or other adult. In some jurisdictions, a rating may legally impose these age restrictions on movie theaters. Where movie theaters do not have this legal obligation, they may enforce restrictions on their own. Accordingly, a movie theater may either not be allowed to program an unrated film, or voluntarily refrain from that.
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1820:: tickets for youth, students, and seniors are typically cheaper. Large theater chains, such as AMC Theatres, also own smaller theaters that show "second runs" of popular films, at reduced ticket prices. Movie theaters in India and other developing countries employ price discrimination in seating arrangement: seats closer to the screen cost less, while the ones farthest from the screen cost more. Movie theatres in India are also practicing safety guidelines and precautions after 2020.
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521:. A few public demonstrations occurred since 9 May 1893, before a first public Kinetoscope parlor was opened on 14 April 1894, by the Holland Bros. in New York City at 1155 Broadway, on the corner of 27th Street. This can be regarded as the first commercial motion picture house. The venue had ten machines, set up in parallel rows of five, each showing a different movie. For 25 cents a viewer could see all the films in either row; half a dollar gave access to the entire bill.
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smaller theaters. As a rule of thumb, they pull audiences from an eight to 12-mile radius, versus a three to five-mile radius for smaller theaters (though the size of this radius depends on population density). As a result, the customer geography area of multiplexes and megaplexes typically overlaps with smaller theaters, which face threat of having their audience siphoned by bigger theaters that cut a wider swath in the movie-going landscape.
387:
term "theater" comes from the Old French word "theatre", from the 12th century and "...directly from Latin theatrum 'play-house, theater; stage; spectators in a theater'", which in turn came from the Greek word "theatron", which meant "theater; the people in the theater; a show, a spectacle", literally "place for viewing". The use of the word "theatre" to mean a "building where plays are shown" dates from the 1570s in the
English language.
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1816:, and higher at busy times, typically evenings and weekends. In Australia, Canada and New Zealand, when this practice is used, it is traditional to offer the lower prices for Tuesday for all showings, one of the slowest days of the week in the movie theater business, which has led to the nickname "cheap Tuesday". Sometimes tickets are cheaper on Monday, or on Sunday morning. Almost all movie theaters employ economic
1123:. Three-dimensional movies use two images channeled, respectively, to the right and left eyes to simulate depth by using 3D glasses with red and blue lenses (anaglyph), polarized (linear and circular), and other techniques. 3D glasses deliver the proper image to the proper eye and make the image appear to "pop-out" at the viewer and even follow the viewer when he/she moves so viewers relatively see the same image.
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1970:
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1214:). The RealD 3D system works by using a single digital projector that swaps back and forth between the images for eyes. A filter is placed in front of the projector that changes the polarization of the light coming from the projector. A silver screen is used to reflect this light back at the audience and reduce loss of brightness. There are four other systems available: Volfoni, Master Image, XpanD and
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1183:, the first 3D feature with stereophonic sound. For many years, most 3D movies were shown in amusement parks and even "4D" techniques have been used when certain effects such as spraying of water, movement of seats, and other effects are used to simulate actions seen on the screen. The first decline in the theatrical 3D craze started in August and September 1953.
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750:", popular in modern multiplexes, actually dates back to the 1920s. The 1922 Princess Theatre in Honolulu, Hawaii featured "stadium seating", sharply raked rows of seats extending from in front of the screen back towards the ceiling. It gives patrons a clear sight line over the heads of those seated in front of them. Modern "stadium seating" was utilized in
1598:, where the same items would repeat throughout the day, with patrons arriving and departing at any time rather than having distinct entrance and exit cycles. Newsreels gradually became obsolete by the 1960s with the rise of television news, and most material now shown prior to a feature film is of a commercial or promotional nature (which usually include "
2073:). Some patrons record the movie in order to sell "bootleg" copies on the black market. These warnings threaten customers with being removed from the cinema and arrested by the police. Some theaters (including those with IMAX stadiums) have dogs at the doors to sniff recording smugglers. At particularly anticipated showings, theaters may employ
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1261:, West Yorkshire, England, United Kingdom, could observe the IMAX projection booth via a glass rear wall and watch the large format films being loaded and projected. The largest permanent IMAX cinema screen measures 38.80 m × 21.00 m (127.30 ft × 68.90 ft) and was achieved by Traumplast Leonberg (Germany) in
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complaints, citing the need for the supplementary income. Some chains like Famous
Players and AMC Theatres have compromised with the commercials restricted to being shown before the scheduled start time for the trailers and the feature film. Individual theaters within a chain also sometimes adopt this policy.
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streaming service has led to concerns in the movie theater industry. Another source of competition is television, which has "...stolen a lot of cinema's best tricks – like good production values and top tier actors – and brought them into people's living rooms". Since the 2010s, one of the increasing
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Some movie theaters and chains sell monthly passes for unlimited entrance to regular showings. Cinemas in
Thailand have a restriction of one viewing per movie. The increasing number of 3D movies, for which an additional fee is required, somewhat undermines the concept of unlimited entrance to regular
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and other convenient methods of purchasing tickets is often shown. Also prior to showing the film, reminders, in varying forms would be shown concerning theater etiquette (no smoking, no talking, no littering, removing crying babies, etc.) and in recent years, added reminders to silence mobile phones
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Until the multiplex era, prior to showtime, the screen in some theaters would be covered by a curtain, in the style of a theater for a play. The curtain would be drawn for the feature. It is common practice in
Australia for the curtain to cover part of the screen during advertising and trailers, then
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and asked for refunds. At AMC theaters, "...patrons who sat through the entire film and then decided they wanted their money back were out of luck, as AMC's policy is to only offer refunds 30 minutes into a screening. The same goes for
Landmark, an independent movie chain... whose policy states, 'If
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In Canada, the total operating revenue in the movie theater industry was $ 1.7 billion in 2012, an 8.4% increase from 2010. This increase was mainly the result of growth in box office and concession revenue. Combined, these accounted for 91.9% of total industry operating revenue. In the US, the
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in the US traditionally drive hard bargains entitling them to as much as 100% of the gross ticket revenue during the first weeks (and then the balance changes in 10% increments in favor of exhibitors at intervals that vary from film to film). Film exhibition has seen a rise in its development with
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show films at a greatly discounted rate, however, the films shown are generally films that have already run for many weeks at regular theaters and thus are no longer a major draw, or films which flopped at the box office and thus have already been removed from showings at major theaters in order to
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Some well-equipped theaters have "interlock" projectors which allow two or more projectors and sound units to be run in unison by connecting them electronically or mechanically. This set up can be used to project two prints in sync (for dual-projector 3-D) or to "interlock" one or more sound tracks
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3 chassis with a custom
Coventry Steel Caravan extruded aluminum body. Movies are also commonly shown on airliners in flight, using large screens in each cabin or smaller screens for each group of rows or each individual seat; the airline company sometimes charges a fee for the headphones needed to
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were sometimes larger, softer, and more widely spaced and sold for a higher price. In conventional low pitch viewing floors, the preferred seating arrangement is to use staggered rows. While a less efficient use of floor space this allows a somewhat improved sight line between the patrons seated in
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in July 1895 at the
Gasthaus Sello in Pankow (Berlin). This venue was later, at least since 1918, exploited as the full-time movie theatre Pankower Lichtspiele and between 1925 and 1994 as Tivoli. The first certain commercial screenings by the Skladanowsky brothers took place at the Wintergarten in
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systems have led to cinemas playing the soundtracks of films at unacceptably high volume levels. Usually, the trailers are presented at a very high sound level, presumably to overcome the sounds of a busy crowd. The sound is not adjusted downward for a sparsely occupied theater. Volume is normally
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In the United States, many movie theater chains sell discounted passes, which can be exchanged for tickets to regular showings. Some passes provide substantial discounts from the price of regular admission, especially if they carry restrictions. Common restrictions include a waiting period after a
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during the presentation, particularly for very long films. There may also be a break between the introductory material and the feature. Some countries such as the
Netherlands have a tradition of incorporating an intermission in regular feature presentations, though many theaters have now abandoned
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were converted into multiple screen venues by dividing their large auditoriums, and sometimes even the stage space, into smaller theaters. Because of their size, and amenities like plush seating and extensive food/beverage service, multiplexes and megaplexes draw from a larger geographic area than
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Rows of seats are divided by one or more aisles so that there are seldom more than 20 seats in a row. This allows easier access to seating, as the space between rows is very narrow. Depending on the angle of rake of the seats, the aisles have steps. In older theaters, aisle lights were often built
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The price of soft drinks and candy at theaters is typically significantly higher than the cost of those items at any other place. Popcorn prices can also be exorbitant. It has been "...estimated that movie theaters make an 85% profit at the concessions stand on overpriced soda, candy, nachos, hot
2015:
In some movie theater complexes, the theaters are arranged such that tickets are checked at the entrance into the entire plaza, rather than before each theater. At a theater with a sold-out show there is often an additional ticket check, to make sure that everybody with a ticket for that show can
1982:
The relatively strong uniformity of movie ticket prices, particularly in the U.S., is a common economics puzzle, because conventional supply and demand theory would suggest higher prices for more popular and more expensive movies, and lower prices for an unpopular "bomb" or for a documentary with
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The earliest 3D movies were presented in the 1920s. There have been several prior "waves" of 3D movie distribution, most notably in the 1950s when they were promoted as a way to offer audiences something that they could not see at home on television. Still the process faded quickly and as yet has
386:
The etymology of the term "movie theater" involves the term "movie", which is a "shortened form of moving picture in the cinematographic sense" that was first used in 1896 and "theater", which originated in the "...late 14c., open air place in ancient times for viewing spectacles and plays". The
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less audience appeal. Unlike seemingly similar forms of entertainment such as rock concerts, in which a popular performer's tickets cost much more than an unpopular performer's tickets, the demand for movies is very difficult to predict ahead of time. Indeed, some films with major stars, such as
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adjusted based on the projectionist's judgment of a high or low attendance. The film is usually shown at a lower volume level than the trailers. In response to audience complaints, a manager at a
Cinemark theater in California explained that the studios set trailer sound levels, not the theater.
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showings, in particular if no 2D version is screened, except in the cases where 3D is included. Some adult theaters sell a day pass, either as standard ticket, or as an option that costs a little more than a single admission. Also for some film festivals, a pass is sold for unlimited entrance.
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between showings featuring a loop of movie trivia, promotional material for the theater chains (such as encouraging patrons to purchase drinks, snacks and popcorn, gift vouchers and group rates, or other foyer retail offers), or advertising for local and national businesses. Advertisements for
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to prevent patrons from tripping in the darkened theater. In movie theaters, the auditorium may also have lights that go to a low level, when the movie is going to begin. Theaters often have booster seats for children and other people of short stature to place on the seats to allow them to sit
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shows as an important part of its program. At the main theatre, with 500 seats, lanternists would make good use of a battery of six large lanterns running on tracked tables to project the finely detailed images of extra large slides on the 648 square feet screen. The magic lantern was used to
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have expressed concerns that these advertisements, plus an excessive number of movie trailers, could lead to pressure to restrict the preferred length of the feature films themselves to facilitate playing schedules. So far, the theater companies have typically been highly resistant to these
618:(France), built in 1901 as l'Hôtel du Syndicat CGT, showed its first film on 23 November 1905. The cinema was closed in 1977 and the building was demolished in 1993. The "Centre Culturel Claude Berri" was built in 1995; it integrates a new movie theater (the Idéal Cinéma Jacques Tati).
3032:(Montreal and Kingston, Canada; London; and Buffalo, New York: McGill-Queen's University Press, 1978), pp. 6–7. Morris states that Edison wholesaled the Kinetoscope at $ 200 per machine; in fact, as described below, $ 250 seems to have been the most common figure at first.
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in 1963 after realizing that he could operate several attached auditoriums with the same staff needed for one through careful management of the start times for each movie. Ward Parkway Center in Kansas City, Missouri had the first multiplex cinema in the United States.
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The machines were modified so that they did not operate by nickel slot. According to Hendricks (1966), in each row "attendants switched the instruments on and off for customers who had paid their twenty-five cents" (p. 13). For more on the Hollands, see Peter Morris,
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projectors and a screen with a 1.90:1 aspect ratio; this system is designed primarily for use in retrofitted multiplexes, using screens significantly smaller than those normally associated with IMAX. In 2015, IMAX introduced an updated "IMAX with Laser" format, using
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Some cinemas in city centers offer luxury seating with services like complimentary refills of soft drinks and popcorn, a bar serving beer, wine and liquor, reclining leather seats and service bells. Cinemas must have a liquor license to serve alcohol. The
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During the first decade of motion pictures, the demand for movies, the amount of new productions, and the average runtime of movies, kept increasing, and at some stage it was viable to have theaters that would no longer program live acts, but only movies.
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When a system is used that requires inexpensive 3D glasses, they can sometimes be kept by the patron. Most theaters have a fixed cost for 3D, while others charge for the glasses, but the latter is uncommon (at least in the United States). For example, in
1672:'s cinema division in May 2008, uses a time code printed on and read off of the film to synchronize with a CD-ROM in the sound track, allowing multi-channel soundtracks or foreign language tracks. This is not considered a projector interlock, however.
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184:—a concept developed in Canada in the 1950s—have up to thirty screens. The audience members often sit on padded seats, which in most theaters are set on a sloped floor, with the highest part at the rear of the theater. Movie theaters often sell
1049:. The World's smallest solar-powered mobile cinema is Sol Cinema in the UK. Touring since 2010 the cinema is actually a converted 1972 caravan. It seats 8–10 at a time. In 2015 it featured in a Lenovo advert for the launch of a new tablet. The
2007:). The demand for films is usually determined from ticket sale statistics after the movie is already out. Uniform pricing is therefore a strategy to cope with unpredictable demand. Historical and cultural factors are sometimes also cited.
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3D film is a system of presenting film images so that they appear to the viewer to be three-dimensional. Visitors usually borrow or keep special glasses to wear while watching the movie. Depending on the system used, these are typically
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Since the 1960s, multiple-screen theaters have become the norm, and many existing venues have been retrofitted so that they have multiple auditoriums. A single foyer area is shared among them. In the 1970s, many large 1920s
1002:, and watch the movie on a temporary screen, or even the wall of a building. Colleges and universities have often sponsored movie screenings in lecture halls. The formats of these screenings include 35 mm, 16 mm,
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and washrooms. Stage theaters are sometimes converted into movie theaters by placing a screen in front of the stage and adding a projector; this conversion may be permanent, or temporary for purposes such as showing
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1380:" components and an in-house brand removes the need to pay licensing fees to a third-party for a proprietary large format. Although the term is synonymous with exhibitor-specific brands, some PLFs are franchised.
819:
1297:) emerged in the mid-2010s to refer to auditoriums with high-end amenities. PLF does not refer to a single format in general, but combinations of non-proprietary amenities such as larger "wall-to-wall" screens,
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As movie theaters have grown into multiplexes and megaplexes, crowd control has become a major concern. An overcrowded megaplex can be rather unpleasant, and in an emergency can be extremely dangerous (indeed,
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converted the dual screen theater into one capable of showing two different movies simultaneously. Taylor is credited by Canadian sources as the inventor of the multiplex or cineplex; he later founded the
1509:. Since the widespread availability of pornographic films for home viewing on VHS in the 1980s and 1990s, the DVD in the 1990s, and the Blu-ray disc in the 2000s, there are far fewer adult movie theaters.
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Most cinema companies issue refunds if there is a technical fault such as a power outage that stops people from seeing a movie. Refunds may be offered during the initial 30 minutes of the screening. The
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theaters can show conventional movies, but the major benefits of the IMAX system are only available when showing movies filmed using it. While a few mainstream feature films have been produced in IMAX,
536:
family, was demonstrated for members of the press on 21 April 1895 and opened to the paying public on 20 May, in a lower Broadway store with films of the Griffo-Barnett prize boxing fight, taken from
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to documentaries. The smallest movie theaters have a single viewing room with a single screen. In the 2010s, most movie theaters had multiple screens. The largest theater complexes, which are called
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Some moviegoers complain about commercial advertising shorts played before films, arguing that their absence used to be one of the main advantages of going to a movie theater. Other critics such as
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1057:, Minnesota has recently begun summer "bike-ins", inviting only pedestrians or people on bicycles onto the grounds for both live music and movies. In various Canadian cities, including
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into the end seats of each row to help patrons find their way in the dark. Since the advent of stadium theaters with stepped aisles, each step in the aisles may be outlined with small
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1069:, al-fresco movies projected on the walls of buildings or temporarily erected screens in parks operate during the Summer and cater to a pedestrian audience. The New Parkway Museum in
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is the largest exhibition trade organization in the world. According to their figures, the top four chains represent almost half of the theater screens in North America. In Canada,
446:, with his patented Phantaskop. The animated spectacle was part of a well-received show that sold out in several European cities during a tour that lasted until the spring of 1848.
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initially believed film screening would not be as viable commercially as presenting films in peep boxes, hence the film apparatus that his company would first exploit became the
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never been more than a periodic novelty in movie presentation. The "golden era" of 3D film began in the early 1950s with the release of the first color stereoscopic feature,
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In the United States, many small and simple theaters were set up, usually in converted storefronts. They typically charged five cents for admission, and thus became known as
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for the film. Control data is encoded in a monoaural WAV file on Sound Track channel 13, labelled as "Motion Data". Motion Data tracks are unencrypted and not watermarked.
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The earliest known public screening of projected stroboscopic animation was presented by Austrian magician Ludwig Döbler on 15 January 1847 at the Josephstadt Theatre in
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replaces general seating with couches and coffee tables, as well as having a full restaurant menu instead of general movie theater concessions such as popcorn or candy.
2092:, because it could cause a deadly panic). Therefore, all major theater chains have implemented crowd control measures. The most well-known measure is the ubiquitous
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1928:"...number of tickets sold fell nearly 11% between 2004 and 2013, according to the report, while box office revenue increased 17%" due to increased ticket prices.
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dogs and, of course, popcorn. Movie-theater popcorn has been called one of America's biggest rip-offs, with a retail price of nine times what it costs to make."
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is rare; it is either an extra before a feature film or part of a series of short films sold as one admission (this mainly occurs at film festivals). (See also
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equipment to detect a working camera during a screening. In some jurisdictions this is illegal unless the practice has been announced to the public in advance.
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In most markets, nearly all single-screen theaters (sometimes referred to as a "Uniplex") have gone out of business; the ones remaining are generally used for
1878:, Indonesia's largest cinema chain, have gallery areas in some of their bigger cinemas where there is a separate foyer area with a bar and unlimited snacks.
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pass (see also below) are supposed to bring along their own glasses; one pair, supplied yearly, more robust than the regular type, is included in the price.
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Sometimes movie theaters provide digital projection of a live broadcast of an opera, concert, or other performance or event. For example, there are regular
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be fully drawn to reveal the full width of the screen for the main feature. Some theaters, lacking a curtain, filled the screen with slides of some form of
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The earliest public film screenings took place in existing (vaudeville) theatres and other venues that could be darkened and comfortably house an audience.
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shorts were created for this purpose). Examples of this kind of programming are available on certain DVD releases of two of the most famous films starring
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utilized a separate, magnetic oxide-coated film to reproduce up to six or more tracks of stereophonic sound. Datasat Digital Entertainment, purchaser of
1560:.) In the early decades of "talkie" films, many movie theaters presented a number of shorter items in addition to the feature film. This might include a
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1454:: A theater that runs primarily mainstream film fare from the major film companies and distributors, during the initial new release period of each film.
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that could house all kinds of entertainment. Some forms of theatrical entertainment would involve the screening of moving images and can be regarded as
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For 2013, the average price for a movie ticket in the United States was $ 8.13. The price of a ticket may be discounted during off-peak times e.g. for
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illustrate lectures, concerts, pantomimes and other forms of theatre. Popular magic lantern presentations included phantasmagoria, mechanical slides,
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many people leave, but some stay until the end. Usually the lights are switched on after the credits, sometimes already during them. Some films show
1006:, VHS, and even 70 mm in rare cases. Some alternative methods of showing movies have been popular in the past. In the 1980s the introduction of
383:
is a small theater, often a private one, such as for the use of those involved in the production of motion pictures or in a large private residence.
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chain is a good example of a large-scale offering of such a service, called "Gold Class" and similarly, ODEON, Britain's largest cinema chain, and
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that tradition, while in North America, this is very rare and usually limited to special circumstances involving extremely long movies. During the
1464:: A theater that runs films that have already shown in the first-run theaters and presented at a lower ticket price. (These are sometimes known as
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campaign to raise standards. Using a very futuristic look, these 27-seat cinema vehicles were designed to attract attention. They were built on a
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cassettes made possible video-salons, small rooms where visitors viewed movies on a large TV. These establishments were especially popular in the
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is the largest exhibitor in China, with 2,700 screens in 311 theaters and with 18% of the screens in the country; another major Chinese chain is
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to a single film. Sound interlocks were used for stereophonic sound systems before the advent of magnetic film prints. Fantasound (developed by
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sell alcohol to take along to the movie itself in select showings. Such showings are always adults-only, regardless of the rating of the movie.
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263:
1198:. One incentive for theaters to show 3D films is that although ticket sales have declined, revenues from 3D tickets have grown. In the 2010s,
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913:". However, in the United Kingdom, this was a brand name for Virgin Cinema (later UGC). The first megaplex is generally considered to be the
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with rows of comfortable padded seats, as well as a foyer area containing a box office for buying tickets. Movie theaters also often have a
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at the front of the auditorium while the dialogue, sounds and music are played through a number of wall-mounted speakers. Since the 1970s,
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1014:, where official distribution companies were slow to adapt to changing demand, and so movie theaters could not show popular Hollywood and
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Anti-Block Booking Act, which eventually broke the link between the studios and the theaters. Now, the top three chains in the U.S. are
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336:. The latter terms, as well as their derivative adjectives "cinematic" and "kinematic", ultimately derive from Greek κίνημα, κινήματος (
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3765:
344:)—"movement, motion". In the countries where those terms are used, the word "theatre" is usually reserved for live performance venues.
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a film is not what is expected… and the feature is viewed less than 30 minutes a refund can be processed for you at the box office.'"
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Cineplex, the world's largest at the time, in Toronto, Ontario. In the United States, Stanley Durwood of American Multi-Cinema (now
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fare to an audience accustomed to plays. The familiar characteristics of relatively low admission and open seating can be traced to
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or "cheap seats".) This form of cinema is diminishing in viability owing to the increasingly shortened intervals before the films'
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When it opened in 1838, The Royal Polytechnic Institution in London became a very popular and influential venue with all kinds of
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the extra fee for watching a 3D film consists of a fixed fee of €1.50, and an optional fee of €1 for the glasses. Holders of the
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of 18. It was built by Renata Carneiro Agostinho da Silva (Brazil) in Brasília DF, Brazil in 2008. It is mentioned in the 2010
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in Ottawa, Ontario became the first venue to offer two film programs on different screens in 1957 when Canadian theater-owner
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One reason for the decline in ticket sales in the 2000s is that "home-entertainment options improving all the time— whether
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movie's release before the pass can be exchanged for a ticket or specific theaters where a pass is ineligible for admission.
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are often documentaries featuring natural scenery, and may be limited to the 45-minute length of a single reel of IMAX film.
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in Paris. The eerie surroundings, with a graveyard and ruins, formed an ideal location for his ghostraising spectacle.
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Movie theaters may be classified by the type of movies they show or when in a film's release process they are shown:
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In 2009, movie exhibitors became more interested in 3D film. The number of 3D screens in theaters is increasing. The
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2001:), have turned out to be box-office bombs, while low-budget films with unknown actors have become smash hits (e.g.,
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The smallest purpose-built cinema is the Cabiria Cine-Cafe which measures 24 m (260 sq ft) and has a
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Usually in the 2020s, an admission is for one feature film. Sometimes two feature films are sold as one admission (
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higher, for a better view. Many modern theaters have accessible seating areas for patrons in wheelchairs. See also
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for public entertainment. Most are commercial operations catering to the general public, who attend by purchasing
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company expects 15,000 screens worldwide in 2010. The availability of 3D movies encourages exhibitors to adopt
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have been used for low-pitched sounds. Since the 2010s, the majority of movie theaters have been equipped for
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are both multiplex chains. These theatres practice safety guidelines in each cinema halls. Indonesia has the
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3735:"Four big reasons why today's experience is so much better in Marcus Theatre's local cinemas than years ago"
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In certain countries, there are also Bed Cinemas where the audience sits or lays in beds instead of chairs.
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Colloquial expressions, mostly applied to motion pictures and motion picture theaters collectively, include
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2294:. China had a total of 31,627 screens in 2015 and is expected to have almost 40,000 in 2016. Hong Kong has
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The first building built for the dedicated purpose of showing motion pictures was built to demonstrate The
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A typical raked (sloped) floor for a movie auditorium, which gives all viewers a clear view of the screen.
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However, some US theaters opt to use the British spelling in their own names, a practice supported by the
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In recent years, cinemas have started to show warnings before the movie starts against using cameras and
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in 1940 for Disney's Fantasia) was an early interlock system. Likewise, early stereophonic films such as
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of 7,500. The first theater in the U.S. built from the ground up as a megaplex was the AMC Grand 24 in
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In order to obtain admission to a movie theater, the prospective theater-goer must usually purchase a
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prior to the start of the movie. Currently, in multiplexes, theater chains often feature a continuous
632:, Denmark, opened in August 1908 and is the oldest known movie theater still in continuous operation.
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hear the movie's sound. In a similar fashion, movies are sometimes also shown on trains, such as the
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as a special feature arrangement designed to recreate that kind of filmgoing experience while the
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system. He gave over 12,800 shows to a total of over 500,000 visitors, with programs including
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2208:. In 1995, Carmike was the largest chain in the United States- now, the major chains include
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In the United States, the studios once controlled many theaters, but after the appearance of
359:(contrasted with the smaller screen of a television set). Specific to North American term is
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has long been the preferred spelling, while in the UK, Australia, Canada and elsewhere it is
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4235:"Deluxe Launches First Brazilian Sign Language (LIBRAS) Localization Service Outside Brazil"
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Marich, Robert (2013) Marketing To Moviegoers: Third Edition (2013), SIU Press books, p.295
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as well as second-run and classic films (often known as an "independent cinema" in the UK).
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Although definitions vary, a large multiplex with 20 or more screens is usually called a "
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5128:"Shanghai Film Festival: China to Top U.S. Screen Total by 2017, Says Wanda Cinema Chief"
4175:"Cover Your Eyes! How Harry Guerro Brought the Wildest Old 3-D Movies to the Quad Cinema"
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while the credits are rolling, which in comedy films are often bloopers and outtakes, or
266:, while apart from Anglophone North America most English-speaking countries use the term
4241:. Deluxe Entertainment Services Group Inc. through Cision PR Newswire. 18 September 2017
3860:"How Premium Large Format Auditoriums Are Helping Welcome Audiences Back to the Movies"
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Allgemeine Theaterzeitung und Originalblatt für Kunst, Literatur, und geselliges Leben
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on September 25, 1895 in Atlanta, GA. This is arguably the first cinema in the world.
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system and digital 3D systems are used (the latter is used in the animated movies of
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for buying snacks and drinks within the theater's lobby. Other features included are
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sources of competition for movie theaters is the increasing ownership by people of
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from the box office, which may be for an arbitrary seat ("open" or "free" seating,
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Walters, Ben. "The Great Leap Forward." Sight & Sound, 19.3. (2009) pp. 38–41.
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for films shown in Brazilian movie theaters. This video is stored in the DCP as a
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Claimants for the title of the earliest movie theatre include the Eden Theater in
200:. In some jurisdictions, movie theaters can be licensed to sell alcoholic drinks.
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FADEN, ERIC S. (2001). "Crowd Control: Early Cinema, Sound, and Digital Images".
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are just grassy areas where the audience sits upon chairs, blankets or even in
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4398:"Surround Sound? IMAX? Chardonnay? Movie Theaters Look to Alcoholic Beverages"
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the next row toward the screen, provided they do not lean toward one another.
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A great variety of films are shown at cinemas, ranging from animated films to
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PLFs compete primarily with formats such as digital IMAX; the use of common "
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in Toronto, Canada. Until 2016, visitors to the IMAX cinema attached to the
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Canada was the first country in the world to have a two-screen theater. The
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4261:"Recommended Guidelines for Digital Cinema Source and DCP Content Delivery"
4019:"Recommended Guidelines for Digital Cinema Source and DCP Content Delivery"
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4145:"On Its 40th Anniversary: Notes on the Making of All the President's Men"
3895:"Going Big: More and more circuits invest in Premium Large Format brands"
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5194:"Is 'Warcraft's Outsized China Box Office A Game-Changer For Hollywood?"
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4342:"First the accusatory vignettes that air before the movie, and now this"
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Myrent, Glenn (1989). "Emile Reynaud: First Motion Picture Cartoonist".
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Several accessibility features can be integrated into a movie theater.
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4966:"Why Does Movie-Theater Popcorn, Soda, Candy Cost So Much? - TIME.com"
3368:"9 Movie theaters with bed seats around the world – Movies In Theater"
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theaters, which have very tall screens, beginning in the early 1970s.
3796:"These are 19 of the most unusual Southern California movie theaters"
3652:"Imax premieres new laser system at TCL Chinese Theatre in Hollywood"
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The view from the projectionist's booth at Ultimate Palace Cinema in
37:
3708:"INOX launches Goa's Largest Cinema Screen BIGPIX at Old GMC Panaji"
1701:
live broadcasts to movie theaters of Metropolitan Opera performances
943:
3993:
2747:"movie | Etymology, origin and meaning of movie by etymonline"
2614:), from around 1550 to 1700 or later, the most common spelling was
2511:"Movie theater definition and meaning – Collins English Dictionary"
2183:
is by far the largest player with 161 locations and 1,635 screens.
2156:
Hallway of MPX Grande, a defunct movie theater in Pasaraya Blok M,
1719:
A Hearing Impaired (HI) audio track is designed for people who are
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Why Popcorn Costs So Much at the Movies: And Other Pricing Puzzles
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Another major recent concern is that the dramatic improvements in
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4498:"First look around Britain's biggest luxury cinema in Birmingham"
2275:. Colombian, Costa Rican, Panamanian and Peruvian chains include
917:
in Brussels, Belgium, which opened in 1988 with 25 screens and a
625:. This type of theatre flourished from about 1905 to circa 1915.
546:
and his brother Emil demonstrated their motion pictures with the
4371:
3410:"Outdoor pop-up theater featuring actual beds coming to Houston"
3203:"On vous refait le film de l'Idéal-cinéma Jacques-Tati d'Aniche"
2359:
2016:
find a seat. The lobby may be before or after the ticket check.
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1512:
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motion picture rating system which took effect in October 2015.
1443:
Non-movie-theater screening: movie in a culture club in Germany
4527:
Filson, Darren; Switzer, David; Besocke, Portia (April 2005).
4116:"Boom Chicago : Real-Amsterdam : Tuschinksi Reopens"
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free up screens for films that are a better box office draw.
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as well as warning concerning movie piracy with camcorders ("
3382:"We visited The Bed Cinema by Omazz and absolutely loved it"
3350:"You Can Watch Movies in Bed at This Theater in Switzerland"
2104:
A bag of popcorn from the Plaza Theater in Atlanta, Georgia.
1021:
In 1967, the British government launched seven custom-built
5240:
Movie theaters early users of air conditioning – Pantagraph
4459:"Want to save money at the movies? Here's the full picture"
4293:
3621:"Maintaining The IMAX Experience, From Museum To Multiplex"
3297:
1953:
disks of movies on large, widescreen flat-screen TVs, with
1505:. Such movies are rarely shown in other theaters. See also
982:
used at a temporary outdoor movie theater (open air cinema)
328:
293:
3575:"Inside Darling Harbour iMax Theatre – Sydney – Australia"
3030:
Embattled Shadows: A History of Canadian Cinema, 1895–1939
2388:
In Oceania (particularly Australia), large chains include
597:, a device created by Jenkins & Armat, as part of The
554:
The first commercial, public screening of films made with
491:
animated movies from 28 October 1892 to March 1900 at the
2571:"cinema hall Meaning in the Cambridge English Dictionary"
2334:
is a leading cinema operating a chain of 500 screens and
1594:, presented the equivalent content. Some theaters ran on
322:
316:
287:
281:
4870:"Next Tenant for The Shops at Clearfork is AMC Theatres"
4048:
D-Cinema Packaging — SMPTE DCP Bv2.1 Application Profile
3396:"Movie Theater With Beds Reinvents The Movie Experience"
2652:
The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language
3142:"World's oldest cinema to reopen in France's La Ciotat"
2807:
PHANTASMAGORIA: The Secret History of the Magic Lantern
1412:
In some theaters, seating can be dynamically moved via
169:, removing the need to create and transport a physical
4529:"At The Movies: The Economics Of Exhibition Contracts"
4053:
The Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers
3447:"Bed Cinema – San Francisco's Most Comfortable Cinema"
1675:
This practice is most common with blockbuster movies.
962:
is an outdoor parking area with a screen—sometimes an
697:
theater auditorium. A low pitch viewing floor is used.
2821:
The Magazine of Science, and Schools of Art – Vol. IV
1552:), with a break in between. Separate admission for a
480:'s first film presentation from 1 to 31 November 1895
319:
313:
284:
278:
3045:
Fight Pictures: A History of Boxing and Early Cinema
1626:, which typically set up the audience for a sequel.
1305:
and/or positional surround sound systems (including
2777:"theatre | Search Online Etymology Dictionary"
1766:accessibility requirements mandate availability of
1427:, D-BOX codes for motion control are stored in the
1388:, which is based on technologies such as Atmos and
457:, renewing the popularity of such shows in France.
325:
310:
290:
275:
4266:. Deluxe Technicolor Digital Cinema. 29 March 2018
4024:. Deluxe Technicolor Digital Cinema. 29 March 2018
3481:Gunzberg, M.L. (1953). "What is Natural Vision?",
2117:reported that some audience members walked out of
4714:
4712:
4710:
3766:"Get the popcorn, cinema opening in Altona North"
3494:"Just Like 1927." BoxOffice 7 February 1953: 12.
2852:(in German). im Bureau der Theaterzeitung. 1847.
2704:Kinema – a journal for film and audiovisual media
1898:Admission to a movie may also be restricted by a
4720:"Could Netflix Kill the Movie Theater Industry?"
4645:The Decline of the Cinema: An Economist's Report
4612:Erich Schwartzel and Ben Fritz (25 March 2014).
2642:). Recent dictionaries of American English list
1194:and provides a way for theaters to compete with
644:A small still-active Kino Juha movie theatre in
5161:"Wanda Opens Asia's First Dolby Cinema Theater"
2877:"The Exhibition of Moving Pictures before 1896"
2682:Merriam-Webster: "kinema" — British variant of
1484:: A theater that presents more alternative and
1165:. 1953 saw two groundbreaking features in 3D:
1149:program in February 1953 with his four shorts:
231:A movie theater might also be referred to as a
4118:. Archived from the original on 20 April 2006.
3048:. University of California Press. p. 46.
2168:has the largest market share in South Africa.
1973:Admission ticket for the premier of the movie
1762:device synchronized with the film. In Brazil,
3595:"IMAX to be demolished, reborn as the Ribbon"
2177:National Association of Theatre Owners (NATO)
1245:with more than ten times the frame size of a
8:
3827:"Audiences prepare for splash of this Titan"
400:Movie theatres stand in a long tradition of
75:. The projector is displaying the 1997–2012
2243:In South America, Argentine chains include
947:A drive-in with a 33-metre (108-foot) wide
4607:
4605:
4210:"Accessibility & The Audio Track File"
1949:systems which can display high-resolution
1743:, Hearing Impaired audio is stored in the
1568:(many classic cartoons series such as the
902:films, e.g. the Crest Theatre in downtown
5121:
5119:
4932:
4930:
4868:Calimbahin, Samantha (22 February 2017).
2648:Random House Webster's College Dictionary
2172:is another cinema chain in South Africa.
734:. Many of these early theaters contain a
453:opened in 1881 and is remembered for its
4560:The Contemporary Hollywood Film Industry
3263:"Nat Taylor | Historica – Dominion"
1691:are some theaters that interlock films.
1357:), "Superscreen DLX"/"Ultrascreen DLX" (
794:Interior of Hoyts cinemas auditorium in
461:Earliest motion picture screening venues
449:The famous Parisian entertainment venue
5066:
5064:
3429:"Movie theaters offer a new experience"
2502:
769:
634:
419:show to an abandoned cloister near the
301:, alternatively spelled and pronounced
5276:Promotion and marketing communications
5098:"Regal Movie Theaters | About Us"
5072:"Top Ten U.S. & Canadian Circuits"
5045:. Landmarktheatres.com. Archived from
4699:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
4692:
4121:
4041:
4039:
3601:from the original on 28 September 2017
3201:Dubrulle, Benjamin (26 January 2020).
2905:
2894:
2626:but was either retained or revived in
701:Traditionally a movie theater, like a
264:National Association of Theatre Owners
4997:from the original on 9 September 2010
4991:"Learn about the " IT" Factor at AMC"
4849:from the original on 12 November 2020
4562:. Malden, MA: Blackwell. p. 126.
4558:McDonald, Paul; Wasko, Janet (2008).
4318:. MarketingMovies.net. Archived from
4204:
4202:
4200:
4096:"The love and loathing of cinema ads"
3889:
3887:
3885:
3854:
3852:
3806:from the original on 21 November 2022
3745:from the original on 16 December 2022
3542:. National Science and Media Museum.
363:, while specific terms in the UK are
7:
5078:from the original on 30 October 2015
4993:. AMC Entertainment. 16 March 2009.
4730:from the original on 17 January 2016
4624:from the original on 26 January 2016
4378:from the original on 20 January 2016
4352:from the original on 22 October 2012
4185:from the original on 28 October 2019
4105:, BBC News website, 23 February 2005
3546:from the original on 22 October 2019
3304:from the original on 19 October 2012
3152:from the original on 31 October 2022
2787:from the original on 1 December 2022
2757:from the original on 18 October 2022
2521:from the original on 6 November 2020
2028:A movie theater concession stand in
5192:Tartaglione, Nancy (15 June 2016).
4938:"'Tree of Life' walk-outs - EW.com"
4766:from the original on 13 August 2017
4508:from the original on 7 October 2019
4477:from the original on 7 October 2019
4438:from the original on 7 October 2019
4408:from the original on 7 October 2019
4155:from the original on 7 October 2019
3944:from the original on 1 October 2022
3905:from the original on 1 October 2022
3870:from the original on 1 October 2022
3662:from the original on 2 October 2022
3213:from the original on 31 August 2020
3122:from the original on 3 October 2020
3092:from the original on 9 January 2020
2883:from the original on 16 August 2021
2354:) chain. A major Israel theater is
1890:These ratings are from the revised
1695:Live broadcasting to movie theaters
1472:release, called the "video window".
832:multiplex movie theatre places, in
764:
551:Berlin from 1 to 31 November 1895.
5159:Giardina, Carolyn (22 June 2016).
4614:"Fewer Americans Go to the Movies"
3650:Verrier, Richard (15 April 2015).
2086:shouting fire in a crowded theater
1605:A typical modern theater presents
413:Étienne-Gaspard "Robertson" Robert
25:
5266:Audiovisual introductions in 1896
5261:Audiovisual introductions in 1895
5242:(Bloomington, Illinois newspaper)
5206:from the original on 16 June 2016
5173:from the original on 24 June 2016
5140:from the original on 13 June 2016
4457:Swindale, Rachael (8 June 2019).
4428:"Licence types and trading hours"
3974:from the original on 3 April 2019
3837:from the original on 19 July 2021
3825:Wilson, Christie (18 June 2010).
3682:"Bow Tie to Open New PLF Theatre"
3427:Han-na, Park (7 September 2022).
3330:from the original on 20 June 2019
3178:(in French). 2011. Archived from
2581:from the original on 8 March 2021
2228:– 409 screens in 32 theaters and
2216:– 4,457 screens in 334 theaters,
2212:– 5,206 screens in 346 theaters,
2088:" is the standard example of the
1774:track on Sound Track channel 15.
1329:, now owned by AMC), "UltraAVX" (
1255:National Science and Media Museum
1224:Pathé theaters in the Netherlands
5227:
4880:from the original on 3 July 2023
4590:from the original on 18 May 2015
3924:Barnes, Brooks (12 April 2014).
3776:from the original on 3 July 2023
3631:from the original on 1 July 2021
3062:from the original on 3 July 2023
2964:from the original on 6 June 2020
2934:from the original on 6 June 2020
2856:from the original on 3 July 2023
2828:from the original on 3 July 2023
2646:as a less common variant, e.g.,
2414:
881:) is credited as pioneering the
818:
787:
772:
657:
637:
306:
271:
5100:. Regmovies.com. Archived from
5074:. Natoonline.org. 1 July 2015.
4143:Boorstin, Jon (25 March 2016).
3112:"Who's Who of Victorian Cinema"
3042:Streible, Dan (11 April 2008).
2541:"cinema – Definition of cinema"
2140:Cinema and movie theater chains
1265:, verified on 6 December 2022.
216:has an old-fashioned neon sign.
4964:Tuttle, Brad (19 March 2012).
3926:"Battle for the Bigger Screen"
3298:"Welcome to the Crest Theatre"
2656:New Oxford American Dictionary
2491:2012 Aurora, Colorado shooting
2224:– 681 screens in 53 theaters.
2220:– 220 screens in 54 theaters,
1938:streamed movies and television
1051:Bell Museum of Natural History
628:The Korsør Biograf Teater, in
570:Early dedicated movie theatres
566:in Paris on 28 December 1895.
562:took place in the basement of
63:-style theater opened in 1949.
1:
5126:Rahman, Abid (12 June 2016).
4837:"ILLEGAL RECORDINGIN CINEMAS"
4784:McKenzie, Richard B. (2008).
4496:Young, Graham (2 June 2018).
3964:"Dolby Launches Dolby Cinema"
3770:Maribyrnong & Hobsons Bay
2634:, 2nd edition, 2009, CD-ROM:
2608:
2545:Oxford Dictionaries – English
1607:commercial advertising shorts
1025:units for use as part of the
850:Example of a Multiplex layout
196:, and some theaters sell hot
153:The film is projected with a
4316:"Cinema Statistics for 2013"
2189:Mr. Smith Goes to Washington
2148:List of movie theater chains
1900:motion picture rating system
1827:Box office of a 1950s style
1477:Repertoire/repertory theater
371:and for the facility itself
36:Modern cinema auditorium in
4149:Los Angeles Review of Books
3265:. Historica. Archived from
3239:(in Danish). Archived from
3176:De la suite dans les images
2481:Nickelodeon (movie theater)
2259:. Brazilian chains include
1106:Woodland Hills, Los Angeles
779:Cinema Odeon auditorium in
474:Berlin Wintergarten theatre
5297:
5256:Cinemas and movie theaters
5019:. Cinemark. Archived from
3899:Film Journal International
3516:. Pathe.nl. Archived from
3172:"Aniche – le Jacques Tati"
2809:. The Projection Box, 2006
2661:Merriam-Webster Dictionary
2358:. Japanese chains include
2145:
1909:
1202:became popular again. The
1111:
990:1967 Bedford mobile cinema
936:
871:Cineplex Odeon Corporation
853:
842:Multiplexes and megaplexes
813:and wall-mounted speakers.
693:Interior of a 1950s-style
564:Salon Indien du Grand Café
5043:"About Landmark Theatres"
4901:Journal of Film and Video
4128:: CS1 maint: unfit URL (
2632:Oxford English Dictionary
2618:. Between 1720 and 1750,
2515:www.collinsdictionary.com
2486:Saturday morning pictures
2476:Multiplex (movie theater)
2456:List of drive-in theaters
2356:Cinema City International
2267:. Chilean chains include
1416:motion technology called
1408:Motion controlled seating
939:List of drive-in theaters
856:multiplex (movie theater)
730:, an early movie theater
556:Louis and Auguste Lumière
167:digital cinema projection
4061:10.5594/SMPTE.RDD52.2020
3831:Honolulu Star-Advertiser
3116:www.victorian-cinema.net
2709:10 November 2018 at the
2658:, third edition (2010);
2575:dictionary.cambridge.org
2350:(as of 2019, renamed as
1989:(which starred the then-
1961:for low-pitched sounds.
1932:New forms of competition
1799:first-come, first-served
1786:Admission prices board,
873:, opening the 18-screen
2736:Retrieved 21 July 2012.
2723:The Kinema in the Woods
2713:Retrieved 21 July 2012.
2694:Retrieved 21 July 2012.
2451:Inflatable movie screen
2004:The Blair Witch Project
1965:Ticket price uniformity
1857:Some movie theaters in
1768:Brazilian Sign Language
1723:to better hear dialog.
1501:specializes in showing
980:inflatable movie screen
949:inflatable movie screen
705:, consists of a single
599:Cotton State Exposition
27:Venue for viewing films
5166:The Hollywood Reporter
5133:The Hollywood Reporter
3764:jimjin (4 June 2021).
2904:Cite journal requires
2668:18 August 2017 at the
2654:, 4th edition (2006);
2461:List of movie theaters
2192:, Congress passed the
2175:In North America, the
2161:
2105:
2032:
1979:
1895:
1862:
1832:
1809:
1790:
1788:Cinema Museum (London)
1758:can be displayed on a
1745:Digital Cinema Package
1545:
1537:
1444:
1429:Digital Cinema Package
1272:format that uses dual
1268:IMAX also refers to a
1109:
1081:
1047:Guinness World Records
1027:Ministry of Technology
996:outdoor movie theaters
991:
983:
960:drive-in movie theater
955:
927:Grand Rapids, Michigan
904:Sacramento, California
851:
698:
686:
586:
530:Eugene Augustin Lauste
481:
228:
217:
91:
80:
64:
41:
4643:Spraos, John (2013).
4432:sitefinitycms-staging
4346:Skirl – Dan Dickinson
3968:Digital Cinema Report
3686:Digital Cinema Report
3656:The Los Angeles Times
3483:New Screen Techniques
3237:Korsør Biograf Teater
2824:. 1843. p. 410.
2306:also has branches in
2155:
2103:
2090:limits to free speech
2027:
1972:
1889:
1856:
1826:
1807:
1785:
1778:Pricing and admission
1543:
1532:
1442:
1095:
1080:Bed cinema auditorium
1079:
989:
977:
946:
849:
692:
684:
577:
538:Madison Square Garden
489:Pantomimes Lumineuses
478:Skladanowsky brothers
471:
439:and his chromatrope.
223:
211:
86:
70:
47:
35:
5236:at Wikimedia Commons
4943:Entertainment Weekly
4286:"FAQs – Vue Cinemas"
4179:www.villagevoice.com
4077:on 24 September 2020
3469:Time Out Los Angeles
3269:on 27 September 2011
2990:on 11 November 2008.
2984:"Le Théâtre optique"
2728:15 July 2012 at the
2690:9 April 2010 at the
2551:on 15 September 2017
2369:Europe is served by
2052:stereo sound systems
1818:price discrimination
1591:Matinee at the Bijou
1291:premium large format
1285:Premium large format
1228:Pathé Unlimited Gold
1163:This is Bolex Stereo
875:Toronto Eaton Centre
728:Samuel Roxy Rothafel
476:was the site of the
433:Henry Langdon Childe
351:(formerly sometimes
5049:on 22 February 2010
5023:on 27 December 2010
4874:Fort Worth Magazine
4817:on 2 September 2019
4681:on 6 September 2015
4181:. 12 October 2017.
4101:14 May 2006 at the
3970:. 3 December 2014.
3520:on 20 November 2012
3416:. 25 February 2020.
3370:. 27 December 2019.
2732:—name of cinema in
2599:Originally spelled
2226:National Amusements
1772:Sign Language Video
1751:Sign Language Video
1731:for people who are
1624:post-credits scenes
1596:continuous showings
1503:pornographic movies
1494:adult movie theater
1313:, such as "Prime" (
1133:. The film starred
1071:Oakland, California
828:, one of the major
508:Autour d'une cabine
495:in Paris, with his
212:The Fox Theater in
118:), also known as a
5199:Deadline Hollywood
4726:. 5 October 2014.
4296:on 3 December 2008
4239:Cision PR Newswire
3930:The New York Times
3800:Pasadena Star News
3714:. 17 December 2021
3597:. 25 August 2016.
3514:"Je eigen 3D-bril"
3398:. 4 December 2021.
3384:. 8 December 2020.
3324:"Open air cinemas"
3148:. 9 October 2013.
2781:www.etymonline.com
2751:www.etymonline.com
2162:
2106:
2069:during the movie (
2033:
2030:Hiawassee, Georgia
1980:
1955:5.1 surround sound
1896:
1863:
1833:
1810:
1791:
1620:mid-credits scenes
1546:
1538:
1507:Golden Age of Porn
1445:
1345:), "Laser Ultra" (
1321:), "Superscreen" (
1281:laser projectors.
1241:is a system using
1110:
1082:
992:
984:
956:
852:
798:, Australia, with
699:
687:
664:Regent Theatre in
587:
540:'s roof on 4 May.
482:
406:precursors of film
229:
218:
92:
88:Tuschinski Theatre
81:
77:Universal Pictures
65:
42:
5232:Media related to
5104:on 2 January 2011
4794:978-0-387-76999-8
4654:978-0-415-72675-7
4545:10.1093/ei/cbi024
4372:"Fine Arts Group"
4070:978-1-68303-222-9
3802:. 12 March 2018.
3451:explorehidden.com
3243:on 31 August 2020
3086:www.allekinos.com
2218:Landmark Theatres
2214:Cinemark Theatres
2206:Cinemark Theatres
2063:Copyright piracy:
1921:film distributors
1842:Discount theaters
1808:Seating indicator
1737:visually impaired
1725:Audio description
1452:First-run theater
1369:), and "X-land" (
1367:Vue International
1263:Leonberg, Germany
1121:polarized glasses
964:inflatable screen
951:in the centre of
349:the silver screen
173:on a heavy reel.
159:projection screen
16:(Redirected from
5288:
5231:
5216:
5215:
5213:
5211:
5189:
5183:
5182:
5180:
5178:
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4865:
4859:
4858:
4856:
4854:
4848:
4841:
4833:
4827:
4826:
4824:
4822:
4813:. Archived from
4803:
4797:
4782:
4776:
4775:
4773:
4771:
4765:
4754:
4746:
4740:
4739:
4737:
4735:
4716:
4705:
4704:
4698:
4690:
4688:
4686:
4680:
4674:. Archived from
4673:
4665:
4659:
4658:
4640:
4634:
4633:
4631:
4629:
4609:
4600:
4599:
4597:
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4564:
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4555:
4549:
4548:
4533:Economic Inquiry
4524:
4518:
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4493:
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4359:
4357:
4348:. 2 April 2004.
4338:
4332:
4331:
4329:
4327:
4322:on 30 March 2014
4312:
4306:
4305:
4303:
4301:
4292:. Archived from
4282:
4276:
4275:
4273:
4271:
4265:
4257:
4251:
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4134:
4133:
4127:
4119:
4112:
4106:
4093:
4087:
4086:
4084:
4082:
4073:. Archived from
4043:
4034:
4033:
4031:
4029:
4023:
4015:
4009:
4008:
4006:
4004:
3990:
3984:
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3910:
3891:
3880:
3879:
3877:
3875:
3866:. 29 July 2021.
3856:
3847:
3846:
3844:
3842:
3822:
3816:
3815:
3813:
3811:
3792:
3786:
3785:
3783:
3781:
3761:
3755:
3754:
3752:
3750:
3739:Journal Sentinel
3730:
3724:
3723:
3721:
3719:
3704:
3698:
3697:
3695:
3693:
3688:. 11 August 2017
3678:
3672:
3671:
3669:
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3647:
3641:
3640:
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3611:
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3527:
3525:
3510:
3504:
3501:
3495:
3492:
3486:
3479:
3473:
3472:
3465:"The Bed Cinema"
3461:
3455:
3454:
3443:
3437:
3436:
3433:The Korea Herald
3424:
3418:
3417:
3406:
3400:
3399:
3392:
3386:
3385:
3378:
3372:
3371:
3364:
3358:
3357:
3354:Travel + Leisure
3346:
3340:
3339:
3337:
3335:
3320:
3314:
3313:
3311:
3309:
3300:. Thecrest.com.
3294:
3288:
3285:
3279:
3278:
3276:
3274:
3259:
3253:
3252:
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3248:
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3132:
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3108:
3102:
3101:
3099:
3097:
3078:
3072:
3071:
3069:
3067:
3039:
3033:
3025:
3019:
3018:
2998:
2992:
2991:
2986:. Archived from
2980:
2974:
2973:
2971:
2969:
2950:
2944:
2943:
2941:
2939:
2920:
2914:
2913:
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2766:
2764:
2762:
2743:
2737:
2720:
2714:
2701:
2695:
2679:
2673:
2628:American English
2613:
2610:
2597:
2591:
2590:
2588:
2586:
2567:
2561:
2560:
2558:
2556:
2547:. Archived from
2537:
2531:
2530:
2528:
2526:
2507:
2431:Cinema etiquette
2424:
2419:
2418:
2417:
2257:Showcase Cinemas
2181:Cineplex Cinemas
2170:Nu Metro Cinemas
1882:Age restrictions
1721:hearing-impaired
1685:Pacific Theatres
1659:This Is Cinerama
1544:Broadcast center
1462:discount theater
1365:), "VueXtreme" (
1351:Landmark Cinemas
1151:Sunday In Stereo
1104:Promenade 16 in
1043:seating capacity
919:seating capacity
822:
791:
776:
711:concession stand
661:
652:, opened in 1958
641:
544:Max Skladanowsky
437:dissolving views
335:
334:
331:
330:
327:
324:
321:
318:
315:
312:
300:
299:
296:
295:
292:
289:
286:
283:
280:
277:
100:American English
21:
5296:
5295:
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5287:
5286:
5285:
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5224:
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4974:
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4948:
4946:
4936:
4935:
4928:
4907:(2/3): 93–106.
4898:
4897:
4893:
4883:
4881:
4867:
4866:
4862:
4852:
4850:
4846:
4839:
4835:
4834:
4830:
4820:
4818:
4807:"Movie theater"
4805:
4804:
4800:
4788:. pp. 166–174.
4783:
4779:
4769:
4767:
4763:
4752:
4748:
4747:
4743:
4733:
4731:
4718:
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4708:
4691:
4684:
4682:
4678:
4671:
4669:"Archived copy"
4667:
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4642:
4641:
4637:
4627:
4625:
4611:
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4603:
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4576:
4574:"Statcan.gc.ca"
4572:
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4103:Wayback Machine
4094:
4090:
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4055:. 18 May 2020.
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3733:Riccioli, Jim.
3732:
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3570:Wayback Machine
3563:
3559:
3549:
3547:
3538:
3537:
3533:
3523:
3521:
3512:
3511:
3507:
3502:
3498:
3493:
3489:
3480:
3476:
3471:. 3 April 2019.
3463:
3462:
3458:
3445:
3444:
3440:
3426:
3425:
3421:
3408:
3407:
3403:
3394:
3393:
3389:
3380:
3379:
3375:
3366:
3365:
3361:
3348:
3347:
3343:
3333:
3331:
3322:
3321:
3317:
3307:
3305:
3296:
3295:
3291:
3286:
3282:
3272:
3270:
3261:
3260:
3256:
3246:
3244:
3231:
3230:
3226:
3216:
3214:
3207:La Voix du Nord
3200:
3199:
3195:
3185:
3183:
3170:
3169:
3165:
3155:
3153:
3140:
3139:
3135:
3125:
3123:
3110:
3109:
3105:
3095:
3093:
3082:"BERLIN Tivoli"
3080:
3079:
3075:
3065:
3063:
3056:
3041:
3040:
3036:
3026:
3022:
3000:
2999:
2995:
2982:
2981:
2977:
2967:
2965:
2952:
2951:
2947:
2937:
2935:
2922:
2921:
2917:
2903:
2893:
2886:
2884:
2875:Rossell, Deac.
2874:
2873:
2869:
2859:
2857:
2846:
2845:
2841:
2831:
2829:
2818:
2817:
2813:
2805:Heard, Mervyn.
2804:
2800:
2790:
2788:
2775:
2774:
2770:
2760:
2758:
2745:
2744:
2740:
2730:Wayback Machine
2721:
2717:
2711:Wayback Machine
2702:
2698:
2692:Wayback Machine
2680:
2676:
2670:Wayback Machine
2624:British English
2622:was dropped in
2611:
2598:
2594:
2584:
2582:
2569:
2568:
2564:
2554:
2552:
2539:
2538:
2534:
2524:
2522:
2509:
2508:
2504:
2500:
2495:
2420:
2415:
2413:
2410:
2394:Village Cinemas
2249:Village Cinemas
2222:Marcus Theatres
2150:
2142:
2119:Terrence Malick
2022:
2013:
1967:
1957:and a powerful
1934:
1914:
1908:
1884:
1851:
1829:fine arts movie
1780:
1753:
1717:
1715:Alternate audio
1709:
1697:
1677:Muvico Theaters
1616:closing credits
1536:movie projector
1527:
1466:dollar theaters
1437:
1410:
1396:franchises the
1363:Reading Cinemas
1333:), "Macro XE" (
1287:
1236:
1171:Man in the Dark
1139:Barbara Britton
1116:
1090:
972:
941:
935:
858:
844:
837:
823:
814:
800:stadium seating
792:
783:
777:
748:Stadium seating
695:fine arts movie
679:
672:
662:
653:
642:
572:
497:Théâtre Optique
463:
398:
393:
309:
305:
274:
270:
226:Rockdale, Texas
224:Kay Theater in
206:
155:movie projector
128:picture theater
108:British English
49:Rodgers Theatre
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5294:
5292:
5284:
5283:
5278:
5273:
5268:
5263:
5258:
5248:
5247:
5244:
5243:
5237:
5223:
5222:External links
5220:
5218:
5217:
5184:
5151:
5115:
5089:
5060:
5034:
5008:
4982:
4956:
4926:
4891:
4860:
4828:
4798:
4777:
4741:
4706:
4660:
4653:
4635:
4601:
4565:
4550:
4539:(2): 354–370.
4519:
4502:birminghammail
4488:
4449:
4419:
4402:Wine Spectator
4389:
4363:
4333:
4307:
4277:
4252:
4226:
4196:
4166:
4135:
4107:
4088:
4069:
4035:
4010:
3985:
3955:
3916:
3881:
3848:
3817:
3787:
3756:
3725:
3699:
3673:
3642:
3612:
3586:
3583:. 17 May 2016.
3557:
3531:
3505:
3496:
3487:
3474:
3456:
3438:
3419:
3401:
3387:
3373:
3359:
3341:
3315:
3289:
3280:
3254:
3224:
3193:
3182:on 4 July 2013
3163:
3133:
3103:
3073:
3054:
3034:
3020:
3009:(3): 191–202.
2993:
2975:
2958:anno.onb.ac.at
2945:
2928:anno.onb.ac.at
2915:
2906:|journal=
2867:
2839:
2811:
2798:
2768:
2738:
2715:
2696:
2674:
2592:
2562:
2532:
2501:
2499:
2496:
2494:
2493:
2488:
2483:
2478:
2473:
2468:
2463:
2458:
2453:
2448:
2443:
2441:Film screening
2438:
2433:
2427:
2426:
2425:
2409:
2406:
2402:Palace Cinemas
2146:Main article:
2141:
2138:
2137:
2136:
2129:
2115:New York Times
2098:
2097:
2081:Crowd control:
2078:
2060:
2045:
2021:
2018:
2012:
2009:
1999:Jennifer Lopez
1966:
1963:
1933:
1930:
1907:
1904:
1883:
1880:
1850:
1849:Luxury screens
1847:
1779:
1776:
1752:
1749:
1741:digital cinema
1716:
1713:
1708:
1705:
1696:
1693:
1566:cartoon shorts
1558:anthology film
1550:double feature
1526:
1523:
1522:
1521:
1510:
1489:
1473:
1455:
1436:
1433:
1425:digital cinema
1409:
1406:
1341:), "BigPix" (
1286:
1283:
1270:digital cinema
1235:
1232:
1192:digital cinema
1112:Main article:
1089:
1086:
971:
968:
934:
931:
854:Main article:
843:
840:
839:
838:
824:
817:
815:
793:
786:
784:
778:
771:
765:luxury screens
678:
675:
674:
673:
663:
656:
654:
643:
636:
612:L'Idéal Cinéma
579:L'Idéal Cinéma
571:
568:
560:Cinématographe
502:Pauvre Pierrot
462:
459:
417:Phantasmagorie
397:
394:
392:
389:
381:screening room
357:the big screen
205:
202:
138:that contains
116:Indian English
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5293:
5282:
5279:
5277:
5274:
5272:
5269:
5267:
5264:
5262:
5259:
5257:
5254:
5253:
5251:
5241:
5238:
5235:
5230:
5226:
5225:
5221:
5205:
5201:
5200:
5195:
5188:
5185:
5172:
5168:
5167:
5162:
5155:
5152:
5139:
5135:
5134:
5129:
5122:
5120:
5116:
5103:
5099:
5093:
5090:
5077:
5073:
5067:
5065:
5061:
5048:
5044:
5038:
5035:
5022:
5018:
5012:
5009:
4996:
4992:
4986:
4983:
4971:
4967:
4960:
4957:
4945:
4944:
4939:
4933:
4931:
4927:
4922:
4918:
4914:
4910:
4906:
4902:
4895:
4892:
4879:
4875:
4871:
4864:
4861:
4845:
4838:
4832:
4829:
4816:
4812:
4811:www.drhdmi.eu
4808:
4802:
4799:
4795:
4791:
4787:
4781:
4778:
4762:
4758:
4751:
4745:
4742:
4729:
4725:
4721:
4715:
4713:
4711:
4707:
4702:
4696:
4677:
4670:
4664:
4661:
4656:
4650:
4647:. Routledge.
4646:
4639:
4636:
4623:
4619:
4615:
4608:
4606:
4602:
4586:
4582:
4581:Statcan.gc.ca
4575:
4569:
4566:
4561:
4554:
4551:
4546:
4542:
4538:
4534:
4530:
4523:
4520:
4507:
4503:
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4489:
4476:
4472:
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4460:
4453:
4450:
4437:
4433:
4429:
4423:
4420:
4407:
4403:
4399:
4393:
4390:
4377:
4373:
4367:
4364:
4351:
4347:
4343:
4337:
4334:
4321:
4317:
4311:
4308:
4295:
4291:
4287:
4281:
4278:
4262:
4256:
4253:
4240:
4236:
4230:
4227:
4215:
4211:
4205:
4203:
4201:
4197:
4184:
4180:
4176:
4170:
4167:
4154:
4150:
4146:
4139:
4136:
4131:
4125:
4117:
4111:
4108:
4104:
4100:
4097:
4092:
4089:
4076:
4072:
4066:
4062:
4058:
4054:
4050:
4049:
4042:
4040:
4036:
4020:
4014:
4011:
3999:
3995:
3989:
3986:
3973:
3969:
3965:
3959:
3956:
3943:
3939:
3935:
3931:
3927:
3920:
3917:
3904:
3900:
3896:
3890:
3888:
3886:
3882:
3869:
3865:
3861:
3855:
3853:
3849:
3836:
3832:
3828:
3821:
3818:
3805:
3801:
3797:
3791:
3788:
3775:
3771:
3767:
3760:
3757:
3744:
3740:
3736:
3729:
3726:
3713:
3709:
3703:
3700:
3687:
3683:
3677:
3674:
3661:
3657:
3653:
3646:
3643:
3630:
3626:
3622:
3616:
3613:
3600:
3596:
3590:
3587:
3582:
3581:
3576:
3571:
3567:
3561:
3558:
3545:
3541:
3535:
3532:
3519:
3515:
3509:
3506:
3500:
3497:
3491:
3488:
3484:
3478:
3475:
3470:
3466:
3460:
3457:
3452:
3448:
3442:
3439:
3434:
3430:
3423:
3420:
3415:
3414:ABC13 Houston
3411:
3405:
3402:
3397:
3391:
3388:
3383:
3377:
3374:
3369:
3363:
3360:
3355:
3351:
3345:
3342:
3329:
3325:
3319:
3316:
3303:
3299:
3293:
3290:
3284:
3281:
3268:
3264:
3258:
3255:
3242:
3238:
3234:
3228:
3225:
3212:
3209:(in French).
3208:
3204:
3197:
3194:
3181:
3177:
3173:
3167:
3164:
3151:
3147:
3143:
3137:
3134:
3121:
3117:
3113:
3107:
3104:
3091:
3087:
3083:
3077:
3074:
3061:
3057:
3055:9780520940581
3051:
3047:
3046:
3038:
3035:
3031:
3024:
3021:
3016:
3012:
3008:
3004:
2997:
2994:
2989:
2985:
2979:
2976:
2963:
2959:
2955:
2949:
2946:
2933:
2929:
2925:
2919:
2916:
2911:
2898:
2882:
2878:
2871:
2868:
2855:
2851:
2850:
2843:
2840:
2827:
2823:
2822:
2815:
2812:
2808:
2802:
2799:
2786:
2782:
2778:
2772:
2769:
2756:
2752:
2748:
2742:
2739:
2735:
2731:
2727:
2724:
2719:
2716:
2712:
2708:
2705:
2700:
2697:
2693:
2689:
2686:
2685:
2678:
2675:
2671:
2667:
2664:
2662:
2657:
2653:
2649:
2645:
2641:
2640:9780199563838
2637:
2633:
2629:
2625:
2621:
2617:
2606:
2602:
2596:
2593:
2580:
2576:
2572:
2566:
2563:
2550:
2546:
2542:
2536:
2533:
2520:
2516:
2512:
2506:
2503:
2497:
2492:
2489:
2487:
2484:
2482:
2479:
2477:
2474:
2472:
2469:
2467:
2464:
2462:
2459:
2457:
2454:
2452:
2449:
2447:
2444:
2442:
2439:
2437:
2434:
2432:
2429:
2428:
2423:
2412:
2407:
2405:
2403:
2399:
2398:Hoyts Cinemas
2395:
2391:
2390:Event Cinemas
2386:
2384:
2380:
2376:
2372:
2367:
2365:
2361:
2357:
2353:
2349:
2345:
2341:
2337:
2333:
2329:
2328:United States
2325:
2321:
2317:
2313:
2309:
2305:
2301:
2297:
2293:
2289:
2288:Wanda Cinemas
2284:
2282:
2278:
2274:
2270:
2266:
2262:
2258:
2254:
2250:
2246:
2241:
2239:
2235:
2231:
2230:Regal Cinemas
2227:
2223:
2219:
2215:
2211:
2207:
2203:
2199:
2198:Regal Cinemas
2195:
2191:
2190:
2184:
2182:
2178:
2173:
2171:
2167:
2159:
2154:
2149:
2144:
2139:
2133:
2132:Snack prices:
2130:
2126:
2125:
2120:
2116:
2111:
2108:
2107:
2102:
2095:
2091:
2087:
2082:
2079:
2076:
2072:
2068:
2064:
2061:
2057:
2053:
2049:
2046:
2042:
2038:
2035:
2034:
2031:
2026:
2020:Controversies
2019:
2017:
2010:
2008:
2006:
2005:
2000:
1996:
1992:
1988:
1987:
1978:
1977:
1971:
1964:
1962:
1960:
1956:
1952:
1948:
1943:
1939:
1931:
1929:
1925:
1922:
1918:
1917:Movie studios
1913:
1905:
1903:
1901:
1893:
1888:
1881:
1879:
1877:
1873:
1869:
1860:
1855:
1848:
1846:
1843:
1837:
1830:
1825:
1821:
1819:
1815:
1806:
1802:
1800:
1796:
1789:
1784:
1777:
1775:
1773:
1769:
1765:
1761:
1760:second screen
1757:
1756:Sign language
1750:
1748:
1746:
1742:
1738:
1734:
1730:
1726:
1722:
1714:
1712:
1707:Accessibility
1706:
1704:
1702:
1694:
1692:
1690:
1686:
1682:
1681:Regal Cinemas
1678:
1673:
1671:
1667:
1666:
1661:
1660:
1655:
1649:
1647:
1642:
1637:
1633:
1627:
1625:
1621:
1617:
1612:
1608:
1603:
1601:
1597:
1593:
1592:
1587:
1583:
1579:
1578:
1573:
1572:
1567:
1563:
1559:
1555:
1554:short subject
1551:
1542:
1535:
1531:
1524:
1519:
1514:
1511:
1508:
1504:
1500:
1496:
1495:
1490:
1487:
1483:
1479:
1478:
1474:
1471:
1467:
1463:
1459:
1456:
1453:
1450:
1449:
1448:
1441:
1434:
1432:
1430:
1426:
1421:
1419:
1415:
1407:
1405:
1403:
1399:
1395:
1391:
1387:
1383:
1379:
1378:off-the-shelf
1374:
1372:
1371:Wanda Cinemas
1368:
1364:
1360:
1356:
1355:Regal Cinemas
1352:
1348:
1344:
1340:
1336:
1332:
1328:
1324:
1320:
1316:
1312:
1308:
1304:
1300:
1296:
1292:
1284:
1282:
1280:
1279:4K resolution
1275:
1274:2K resolution
1271:
1266:
1264:
1260:
1256:
1252:
1251:Ontario Place
1248:
1244:
1240:
1233:
1231:
1229:
1225:
1219:
1217:
1213:
1209:
1205:
1201:
1197:
1196:home theaters
1193:
1189:
1184:
1182:
1181:
1177:
1173:
1172:
1168:
1164:
1160:
1159:American Life
1156:
1155:Indian Summer
1152:
1148:
1144:
1140:
1136:
1132:
1131:
1124:
1122:
1115:
1107:
1103:
1099:
1094:
1087:
1085:
1078:
1074:
1072:
1068:
1064:
1060:
1056:
1052:
1048:
1044:
1039:
1037:
1032:
1028:
1024:
1023:mobile cinema
1019:
1017:
1013:
1009:
1005:
1001:
997:
988:
981:
976:
969:
967:
965:
961:
954:
950:
945:
940:
932:
930:
928:
924:
923:Dallas, Texas
920:
916:
912:
907:
905:
901:
896:
893:
892:movie palaces
887:
884:
880:
876:
872:
867:
863:
862:Elgin Theatre
857:
848:
841:
835:
831:
827:
826:Tennispalatsi
821:
816:
812:
811:wall hangings
809:
805:
801:
797:
790:
785:
782:
775:
770:
768:
766:
761:
755:
753:
749:
744:
741:
737:
733:
729:
725:
720:
716:
712:
708:
704:
703:stage theater
696:
691:
683:
676:
671:
667:
660:
655:
651:
647:
640:
635:
633:
631:
626:
624:
619:
617:
613:
609:
607:
602:
600:
596:
591:
584:
580:
576:
569:
567:
565:
561:
557:
552:
549:
545:
541:
539:
535:
531:
528:, devised by
527:
522:
520:
516:
515:Thomas Edison
512:
510:
509:
504:
503:
498:
494:
490:
487:screened his
486:
485:Émile Reynaud
479:
475:
470:
466:
460:
458:
456:
452:
447:
445:
440:
438:
434:
429:
428:magic lantern
424:
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