737:
171:
264:
287:
According to the 1997 census, 40% of the population of
Mozambique spoke Portuguese. 9% spoke it at home, and 6.5% considered Portuguese to be their mother tongue. According to the general population survey taken in 2017, Portuguese is now spoken natively by 16.6% of the population aged 5 and older
296:
Portuguese is a post-colonial language. Introduced during the colonial era, Portuguese was selected as the official language of the new state as it was ethnically neutral. It was also the common language of the elites who received their post-secondary education in
Portugal. Portuguese played an
373:. The variety Mozambican is generally characterized by the occurrence of only the multiple vibrant liquid consonant in different lexical contexts. If it is also characterized by the aspiration of the digraph composed by the liquid velar and by the aspirated , moving away from
278:
Several variables factor into the emergence of
Mozambican Portuguese. Mozambique shares the linguistic norm used in the other Portuguese-speaking African countries and Portugal. Mozambican Portuguese also enriches the Portuguese language with new words and expressions.
309:
to places such as
Portugal, South Africa, and Brazil and to the fact that the country is far from the rest of the Lusosphere. This left very few native speakers of Portuguese in Mozambique. But in cities like Maputo, it is the native language of majority of residents.
269:
268:
265:
270:
300:
Mozambique has extraordinary ethnolinguistic diversity, with no one language dominating demographically. Portuguese serves as a lingua franca allowing communication of
Mozambicans with fellow citizens of other ethnicities, including especially
267:
365:
The above tendencies are stronger in vernacular speech and less marked in cultivated speech, thus the pronunciation of first-language speakers sound more
European Portuguese and the enumerated conditions listed above except latter.
288:(or 3,686,890) and by one in every five people aged 15 to 19. First language speakers make up 38.3% of the urban population (and 43.9% of all urban teenagers aged 15 to 19) and 5.1% of the total population in rural areas.
305:. Of those Mozambicans who speak Portuguese, the majority are non-native speakers, thus spoken with accents of African languages. The lack of native speakers is due, in part, to the exodus of massive number of
793:
Raúl Alves Calane da Silva, Tão Bem
Palavra: Estudos de Linguística Sobre O Português Em Moçambique Com Ênfase Na Interferência Das Línguas Bantu No Português e Do Português No Bantu
266:
333:
is the norm of reference in
Mozambique. In terms of pronunciation, however, Mozambican Portuguese shows several departures, some of which are due to the influence of other
948:
1217:
776:
665:
Many of these words came to
Portugal, which was settled by returning Portuguese refugees after Mozambican independence. These words were also brought to
653:
can mean clothes donated to victims of natural disasters or conflict. It also refers to divorcées and widows who have begun a new relationship.
1601:
809:
702:
1545:
941:
682:
916:
297:
important role in the rhetoric of the independence movement, being seen as a potential vehicle for the articulation of a national identity.
1282:
692:
1210:
889:, Background paper prepared for the Education for All Global Monitoring Report 2006 Literacy for Life, UNESCO, 2006/ED/EFA/MRT/PI/66
934:
1308:
921:
1238:
857:
389:
There are many words and expressions borrowed from indigenous languages of
Mozambique into Portuguese. Examples include:
1596:
1203:
1429:
1017:
183:
1444:
1379:
75:
1439:
1184:
1268:
697:
1374:
1313:
1253:
1002:
957:
687:
381:, in the latter where, in different regions, occurrences of other achievements of the vibrant are recorded.
334:
80:
55:
1517:
1328:
736:
358:
306:
302:
85:
1386:
1565:
1512:
1398:
1338:
844:
1490:
1473:
1560:
1485:
1415:
1362:
1350:
1293:
378:
906:
832:
1570:
1555:
1507:
1463:
1449:
1226:
374:
330:
318:
314:
253:
241:
142:
95:
90:
628:
There are also words which, as a result of semantic expansion, have acquired additional meanings:
461:
Mozambican Portuguese also borrowed words of Arabic origin, because of national Islamic presence.
369:
The variation of sounds of Portuguese spoken in Mozambique is conditioned by the phonology of the
1550:
1522:
1502:
1333:
1258:
1248:
465:
148:
1391:
901:
1529:
1478:
1318:
1067:
224:
70:
1163:
1158:
1112:
1087:
1062:
1052:
1047:
1007:
824:
777:"IV Recenseamento Geral da População e Habitação, 2017: Resultados Definitivos – Moçambique"
434:
424:
313:
The standard Mozambican Portuguese used in education, media and legal documents is based on
60:
1403:
1343:
779:[IV General Population and Housing Census, 2017: Definitive Results – Mozambique].
1303:
1132:
1127:
1122:
1092:
1082:
1042:
370:
47:
1495:
884:
858:"Pronominal Syntax in Maputo Portuguese from a comparative Bantu and Creole perspective"
1367:
1355:
1168:
1117:
1107:
1097:
1077:
1057:
1037:
1032:
1022:
997:
992:
987:
128:
1590:
1137:
1102:
1027:
1012:
1142:
1072:
911:
750:
666:
317:
vocabulary used in Lisbon, but Mozambican Portuguese dialects differ from standard
138:
1575:
37:
872:
1298:
828:
729:
469:
444:
257:
176:
724:
509:
496:
405:
211:
199:
926:
415:
397:
351:
Occasional pronunciation of the initial and final 'e' as (for example,
1323:
249:
1195:
670:
454:
401:
262:
65:
1199:
930:
917:
Em direcção ao primeiro léxico de usos do português moçambicano
661:, 'to be born' has the additional meaning of 'to give birth to'
457:
is a person who can mediate between the living and the dead
846:(Dados Para a) História da Língua Portuguesa em Moçambique
321:
both in terms of pronunciation and colloquial vocabulary.
637:
which in addition to 'structure' also means 'authority'
260:. Portuguese is the official language of the country.
817:
Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development
886:
Literacy in Mozambique: Education for all Challenges
1538:
1458:
1424:
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1233:
1177:
1151:
980:
964:
223:
209:
197:
192:
182:
162:
157:
125:
44:
31:
21:
907:Bibliography on Mozambican Portuguese (1964–2014)
656:
648:
640:
632:
619:
611:
603:
595:
589:
581:
575:
568:
562:
555:
549:
541:
535:
529:
521:
515:
503:
341:Vowel reduction is not as strong as in Portugal.
27:português moçambicano, português de Moçambique
1211:
942:
902:Linguistic Resources of Mozambican Portuguese
616:('eat money') meaning 'to fritter money away'
437:is a term used for informal trade or commerce
361:are pronounced as plosives in all positions.
8:
344:The elision of word-final 'r' (for example,
673:by Portuguese refugees after independence.
1218:
1204:
1196:
949:
935:
927:
775:Instituto Nacional de Estatística (2019).
645:which is used to mean 'conflict' or 'war'.
18:
534:meaning 'to fail' a negation of the verb
16:Portuguese varieties spoken in Mozambique
883:Mario, Mouzinho; Nandja, Debora (2005),
508:the word for bus also shared with other
714:
810:"The Language Situation in Mozambique"
703:Southern African Development Community
624:('kill the beast') meaning 'breakfast'
35:Native speakers: 5 million (2020)
1546:Geographic distribution of Portuguese
720:
718:
7:
783:(in Portuguese). Maputo, Mozambique.
540:using the prefix 'des-' rather than
447:is a person of high status or esteem
1413:Portuguese language Outside Brazil:
912:O Português na África – Moçambique
188:Academia de Ciências de Moçambique
14:
781:Instituto Nacional de Estatistica
499:in Mozambican Portuguese such as
482:, an Arabic unit of weight, from
735:
408:languages, is a type of porridge
169:
693:Escola Portuguesa de Moçambique
274:Barwe and Mozambican Portuguese
1:
1602:Portuguese language in Africa
856:Gadelii, Karl Erland (2002).
808:Lopes, Armando Jorge (1998).
292:Historical and social context
843:Gonçalves, Perpétua (2000),
608:instead of 'ver a televisão'
427:refers to agricultural land
1618:
829:10.1080/01434639808666364
414:from Xirona is a type of
164:Official language in
26:
1185:Mozambican Sign Language
958:Languages of Mozambique
871:: 27–41. Archived from
688:Languages of Mozambique
335:languages of Mozambique
922:Africa’s Latin Quarter
753:[Mozambique].
657:
649:
641:
633:
620:
612:
604:
596:
590:
582:
576:
569:
563:
556:
550:
542:
536:
530:
522:
516:
504:
275:
245:
1566:Portuguese vocabulary
1314:Florianopolitan/Manês
698:São Tomean Portuguese
355:as instead of or ).
273:
246:português moçambicano
238:Mozambican Portuguese
101:Mozambican Portuguese
22:Mozambican Portuguese
1561:Portuguese phonology
1329:North Coast/Cearense
1309:Central Northeastern
981:Indigenous languages
379:Brazilian Portuguese
1597:Portuguese dialects
1556:Portuguese diaspora
1227:Portuguese language
1152:Immigrant languages
755:A língua portuguesa
375:European Portuguese
331:European Portuguese
319:European Portuguese
315:European Portuguese
143:Portuguese alphabet
91:Galician-Portuguese
1551:Brazilian diaspora
1351:Curitibano/Sulista
683:African Portuguese
605:assistir televisão
526:turned into a verb
512:African countries.
276:
149:Portuguese Braille
40:: 8 million (2020)
1584:
1583:
1530:Judaeo-Portuguese
1466:
1432:
1285:
1241:
1193:
1192:
965:Official language
865:Africa & Asia
733:(25th ed., 2022)
307:white Mozambicans
303:white Mozambicans
271:
235:
234:
184:Regulated by
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1526:
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1428:
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831:. Archived from
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348:as instead of )
272:
248:) refers to the
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1375:Serra amazônica
1365:
1353:
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801:Further reading
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757:(in Portuguese)
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495:One also finds
472:currency, from
412:xituculumucumba
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371:Bantu languages
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263:
229:
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158:Official status
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76:Western Romance
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48:Language family
46:
36:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1615:
1613:
1605:
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1599:
1589:
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1178:Sign languages
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896:External links
894:
892:
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878:on 2006-09-20.
853:
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838:on 2007-09-27.
823:(5): 440–486.
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613:comer dinheiro
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591:tirar lágrimas
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586:, 'to finance'
577:tirar dinheiro
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56:Indo-European
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1518:Transmontano
1412:
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1283:Pan-American
1278:Pan-American
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1254:Cape Verdean
971:
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873:the original
868:
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845:
833:the original
820:
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789:
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759:. Retrieved
754:
751:"Moçambique"
745:
728:
667:South Africa
664:
627:
531:desconseguir
494:
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431:dumba-nengue
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86:West-Iberian
1521: [
1494: [
1477: [
1402: [
1390: [
1387:Brasiliense
1378: [
1366: [
1354: [
1342: [
570:agora mesmo
567:instead of
557:ir depressa
554:instead of
520:, the word
505:machimbombo
38:L2 speakers
1591:Categories
1513:Oliventine
1503:Estremenho
1334:Paulistano
1299:Amazofonia
1269:São Tomean
1264:Mozambican
972:Portuguese
761:2020-11-04
730:Ethnologue
725:Portuguese
709:References
650:calamidade
621:mata-bicho
600:, 'to cry'
497:neologisms
470:Mozambican
451:nhamussoro
445:Xichangana
353:felicidade
258:Mozambique
256:spoken in
254:Portuguese
242:Portuguese
177:Mozambique
96:Portuguese
1571:Phonology
1486:Alentejan
1416:Uruguayan
1399:Recifense
1339:Sertanejo
1294:Brazilian
634:estrutura
583:financiar
551:depressar
537:conseguir
510:lusophone
491:, weigh).
406:Cinyungwe
396:from the
329:Standard
325:Phonology
250:varieties
212:Glottolog
200:ISO 639-3
1576:Portuñol
1539:See also
1508:Nortenho
1491:Algarvio
1474:Açoriano
1464:European
1459:European
1068:Nathembo
1003:Chitonga
998:Chichopi
677:See also
642:situação
594:meaning
580:meaning
564:agorinha
517:cronicar
421:machamba
416:bogeyman
398:Emakhuwa
283:Speakers
32:Speakers
1363:Carioca
1324:Mineiro
1304:Caipira
1259:Guinean
1249:Angolan
1239:African
1234:African
1164:Punjabi
1159:English
1113:Swahili
1088:Nyungwe
1063:Manyika
1053:Makonde
1048:Makhuwa
1023:Kimwani
1018:Gitonga
1008:Chuwabu
523:crónica
466:metical
425:Swahili
385:Lexicon
359:/b,d,ɡ/
71:Romance
1319:Gaúcho
1133:Tsonga
1123:Tawara
1093:Phimbi
1083:Nsenga
1043:Maindo
671:Brazil
658:nascer
597:chorar
455:Cindau
441:madala
435:Xirona
402:Cisena
174:
61:Italic
1525:]
1498:]
1481:]
1450:Macau
1430:Asian
1425:Asian
1406:]
1394:]
1382:]
1370:]
1358:]
1346:]
1169:Hindi
1118:Swati
1108:Shona
1098:Ronga
1078:Ngoni
1058:Makwe
1038:Lomwe
1033:Kunda
993:Chewa
988:Barwe
876:(PDF)
861:(PDF)
850:(PDF)
836:(PDF)
813:(PDF)
453:from
443:from
433:from
423:from
394:chima
346:estar
230:pt-MZ
139:Latin
66:Latin
1445:Goan
1138:Tswa
1128:Tewe
1103:Sena
1073:Ndau
1028:Koti
1013:Dema
669:and
488:aqāl
404:and
225:IETF
218:None
1143:Yao
825:doi
727:at
543:não
479:qāl
252:of
1593::
1523:pt
1496:pt
1479:pt
1404:pt
1392:pt
1380:pt
1368:pt
1356:pt
1344:pt
867:.
863:.
821:19
819:.
815:.
717:^
475:mi
400:,
337::
244::
1467:)
1461:(
1433:)
1427:(
1296::
1286:)
1280:(
1242:)
1236:(
1219:e
1212:t
1205:v
950:e
943:t
936:v
869:2
827::
764:.
546:.
486:t
477:t
468:(
240:(
205:–
145:)
141:(
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