788:
Lwandlolubomvu Great Place, Ntabankulu; palace of the customary head
Jongilanga Sigcau. Ntabankulu is the mountainous part of the Mpondo Kingdom surrounded by the great Mzimvubu River. Ntabankulu in Mpondo language means 'Big Mountains'. September is important in Mpondo history as it was originally the Mpondo new year in the ancient Mpondo calendars and also two of the Mpondo Kings King Mqikela and King Sigcau were born on this month. The Mpondo culture and Heritage Festival also celebrates the roles played by these icons, including the legendary kings Faku, Mqikela, Sigcawu, Marhelane amongst others. This events also seeks to promote cultural diversity through sharing of Mpondo culture and heritage with other cultures from South Africa, broader African continent and beyond the oceans. It attracts a lot of tourists, both local and international, and is one of the biggest events in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa.
272:. This is evident from the ruling plant in the coast south-east of Africa and north-west of Madagascar, the marijuana plant. It grows in abundance from ema-Mpondweni up the coast and the coast of Madagascar. It is through king Sibiside that Mpondo the forefather of the nation emerges together with other well-known nations. Mpondo people share a common lineage with Ama-Mpondomise, Ama-Xesibe, Abakwa-Mkhize, Ama-Bomvu and Ama-Bomvana.
219:
68:
723:
cooperating or suspected to be cooperating with the colonial government. There were also conflicts around the Bizana area during that same year as the government intended to fence off a certain area on the coastal area to reserve the forests and coastal zones without having consulted the people of Mpondo-land. People were evicted out of their land, and at one stage during evictions police were attacked.
268:, they are the legendary descendants of King Mpondo, the grandson of King Sibiside who was the leader of the once-powerful Embo nation (Aba-Mbo or Ma-Mbo). Mpondo people are part of the Aba-Mbo group who are thought to have migrated from the Great Lakes into modern-day South Africa or the race of people coming from Ethiopia and along Zambia down past Eswatini, believed to be under the Great
205:. It was established in 1226. The Ama-Mpondo Nation were first ruled by its founder who was King Mpondo kaNjanya who lived around (born in 1205 and died in 1280) and later the 'Ama-Nyawuza'clan (a royal clan of the Ama-Mpondo), by nationality referred to themselves as 'Ama-Mpondo'. They are related to other Aba-Mbo kingdoms and chiefdoms in South Africa.
727:
for his life. The consequence to his actions resulted in him having his house burnt and the police terrorizing the people in that area. This did not deter the Mpondo people from mobilising against the government, who made it clear to Chief
Sigcawu, who was the King at the time that the Bantu system was not going to be enforced on their watch.
773:
731:
meeting, who in turn upon their arrival fired on the people at the hill. This resulted in the arrest of 23 people and the death of 11 people. In retaliation, there was an ambush on a police patrol in
Flagstaff. These people were shot at by the police, resulting in the injury of two policemen and the arrest of one headman.
713:
This system brought about tension between the people of
Pondoland and their chiefs. The Bantu Authorities System created a pseudo sense of power as colonial authorities gave chiefs limited power, ensuring that administrative duties were still being assigned to the colonial government. This disrupted
309:
The Ngwane warriors died in large numbers on that day and was successfully expelled from
Thembuland some became refugees hiding in the mountains all of their cattle were taken and there was not even a cow for remaining the surviving Ngwane people submitted to AbaThembu others went to join AmaMpondo
796:
According to the ancient Aba-Mbo people, including Mpondo
September is the first month of the year. There are some Mpondo people who recognise the appearance of the Pleiades ("isilimela") to signal the beginning of the year, but it is most likely that this interpretation was adopted from the sotho
726:
In 1959, in the Bizana district, Saul Mabude who was the chairman of the district authority and advocate for the Bantu
Authorities system was asked to meet with the people of that community. He was tasked with explaining the Bantu Authorities system to them, however he did not show up as he feared
787:
Mpondo
Culture and Heritage Festival is celebrated annually by Mpondo to celebrate their culture and heritage. It is the biggest cultural event celebrated in the Kingdom attended by approximately over 20,000 people preceded by the Annual Mpondo Reed Dance. It is held in September of every year at
612:
There are three types of clans you find in Mpondo-land (kwa-Mpondo/ema-Mpondweni) today. First, there clans that arise out of the many houses of the Kings listed in the section above is ( King Mpondo's descendants). Secondly, there are clans of the older Aba-Mbonambi Ma-Mbo Clan from which Mpondo
305:
When Mpondo King Faku was attacked by Shaka he appealed to
Ngubengcuka and Xhosa King Hintsa for help with defeating the Zulu king and the message was also sent to Grahamstown by time grahamstown had sent their soldiers to compliment the Xhosa, Thembu and Mpondo armies, Shaka’s warriors were long
296:
were twins. There is an ongoing argument about the twin who was the eldest, the most commonly held view is that Mpondo is the senior twin. It is said that while out hunting, Mpondo killed a lion and refused to hand over the skin to
Mpondomise as was the custom (the senior was entitled to skins of
743:
A commission of inquiry was held right after the massacre. The demands from the people of Pondoland entailed the Bantu Authorities, Bantu Education Acts being withdrawn, the relief from taxes. Their demands were not met, and in retaliation the Pondo boycotted all white owned stores in Pondoland.
734:
In November 1960 in Flagstaff, a mass meeting was called at Ngqanduli. Chief Vukayibambe called the police and helped disperse the meeting. One of the protesters was killed, this resulting in Vukayibambe's kraal being set on fire and his death. All those who had an affiliation with the chief and
747:
By the end of November 1960, a state of emergency was declared in Pondoland, in Flagstaff, Bizana, Tabankulu, Lusikisiki and Mount Ayliff. No one could access those areas without a permit, and the west of Umtata was closed off. The revolts were shut down through heavy policing and raiding tax
730:
In June 1960 a meeting was called at Ngquza Hill. These meetings had become the norm during the apartheid era around that area as people used them to educate each other on the events that were taking place, thus the meetings on the hill were not held secretly. The police were tipped about the
722:
The first signs of revolt were apparent through local vigilante groups such as the Makhuluspani. The Makhuluspani was a group that was created in a bid to combat stock theft in the districts of Tsolo and Qumbu in the 1950s. It is reported that these groups targeted headmen and chiefs who were
36:
1192:
Pieterse.Traditionalists, traitors and sell-outs: the roles and motives of ‘ama-qaba’, ‘aba-ngcatshi’ and ‘aba-thengisi’ in the Mpondo-land Revolt of 1960 to 1961. Department of Historical and Heritage Studies.Faculty of Humanities University of Pretoria
748:
evaders. The Bantu Home Guard was also established by the chiefs in a bid to shut down the revolts, with the aid of the military force that was sent by the state in a bid to subjugate the areas in Pondoland where the revolts had occurred until 1963.
264:, and to make it easier for telling Iintsomi, meaning educative stories. Taking Mpondo as the son since it was used for defending and Mpondomise as the daughter since it was used for attacking and negotiation. Thus according to the Mpondo
751:
In 1960, a total of 4,769 had been imprisoned during this period of the revolts from 1950 and 1960, and 2,067 brought to trial and it is reported that 30 people were sentenced to death during August and October in 1961.
704:
The land rehabilitation programme was a system that entailed the colonisers keeping the fertile soils to themselves and allocating the less fertile lands to the local people. The Mpondo people revolted against this.
714:
the system as people were used to being consulted at the Inkundla before decisions were made. Inkundla was when members of a community met together to discuss issues affecting the district/area and made decisions.
568:
King Mandlonke (He was the first to be king but because he died without Producing his own children so the royal family decided to give the throne to his twin brother who took over from him).
1261:
326:, Eastern Cape. The Nyandeni house enjoyed autonomy for decades and was often referred to as Western Mpondo-land, while the Qawukeni house was referred to as Eastern Mpondo-land.
297:
certain animals). The tension between the two started from that day and Mpondo and his followers were the first ones to leave and settle elsewhere away from their father's land.
764:
dance) and their own traditional dance called "imfene" (baboon dance). This dance(imfene) is performed by young ones and adults of both sexes to the sounds of Maskandi music.
613:
himself was born out, therefore these are people of his ancestors. Thirdly, there are clans who have immigrated to Mpondo-land and now pay tribute to the Mpondo kingdom.
560:
Regency-King Mswakezi (he too was a regent for his nephew Prince Mandlonke KaRarhelane who was his late brother's great-son because he was to young to rule his people).
760:
The Mpondo people are one of the major tribes that produce and consumes the genre of music called Maskandi but the Mpondo people are unique in a performance of ukusina(
260:
The story of the origins of ema-Mpondweni was told to personify and symbolise the fact that it was a nation with lands shaped like a horn, when it includes the lands
904:
1254:
544:
Regency-King Mhlanga (He was a Regent for his nephew Prince Rarhelane KaSigcawu who was still in high-school at time and underage to rule his people).
696:
There were varying reasons that led to the revolts notably the land rehabilitation programme, the Bantu Authorities System and the increase in taxes.
638:
From Bhala we have Ama-Bhala, Ama-Chithwayo, Ama-Khonjwayo, Ama-Nyathi, Ama-Heleni, Ama-Ngcoya, Ama-Jola (not to be confused with Ama-Mpondomise clan)
1247:
1052:
1020:
983:
949:
874:
1664:
1158:
899:
797:
people. Mpondo calendar is as follows commencing with uMphanda the first month of the year according to the ancient Mpondo Calendar.
329:
The towns in the Mpondo kingdom include Lusikisiki, Siphaqeni (known as Flagstaff), Mbizana (erroneously called Bizana), Ntabankulu,
1208:
1870:
1140:
1834:
1678:
651:
Some of the following clans were followers of Mpondo kings from the beginning, some only came later during the reign of Faku:
1044:
1278:
1270:
1207:
Kepe and Ntsebeza. Rural Resistance in South Africa. The Mpondo Revolts after Fifty Years. Koninklikje Brill NV.2011.26.
105:
620:
From Sihula we have Imi-Qwane, Ama-Ntusi (The elder son called Mbangweni and the young brother called Gavu kaMbangweni)
231:
1814:
1844:
1606:
1829:
1631:
1698:
1688:
850:
735:
supported him were killed, injured and their kraals set alight. The police were sent to defuse the situation.
1839:
1824:
1644:
319:
1819:
1782:
1659:
1649:
1756:
1708:
1703:
1693:
884:
600:
King Yolisa (He is the current reigning monarch of Ama-Mpondo-people in South Africa today Since 2022).
1764:
1713:
1683:
1639:
1598:
1401:
1315:
1586:
632:
From Cabe we have Ama-Cabe, Ama-Tshomane, Ama-Dwerha, Ama-Qhiya, Ama-Njilo, Ama-Gqwarhu, Ama-Nqanda
1231:
1209:
https://openaccess.leidenuniv.nl/bitstream/handle/1887/31865/ASC-075287668-3033-01.pdf?sequence=2
1175:
879:
240:
41:
1300:
1136:
1048:
1016:
979:
945:
914:
293:
261:
121:
85:
1167:
919:
89:
269:
1566:
1088:
1069:
623:
From Mthwa we have Imi-Thwa, Ama-Woshe, Ama-Ngcwangule, Ama-Gingqi, Ama-Khwalo, Ama-Beko
218:
35:
1731:
1670:
1654:
1450:
330:
322:, Eastern Cape. The right-hand house is called Nyandeni Great Place and is situated in
265:
1156:
Murray, Colin; Williams, Gavin (1994). "Editorial: Land and Freedom in South Africa".
1864:
1849:
1746:
1741:
1477:
1464:
1458:
1443:
1335:
856:
306:
gone the combined force then proceesded to attack AmaNgwane thinking it was AmaZulu.
144:
125:
1809:
1529:
1429:
1409:
1388:
1381:
1360:
1340:
1325:
1320:
1310:
1305:
1295:
1287:
1133:
The Ethnic Composition of the Ciskei and Transkei: Ethnological Publications No. 53
909:
869:
761:
202:
136:
132:
117:
101:
73:
969:
939:
1736:
1581:
1437:
1422:
1415:
1375:
1353:
1239:
140:
234:, as it is meandering and ungrammatical, most notably in the opening sentences.
1624:
1611:
1561:
1553:
1171:
318:
The great house of Mpondo is called Ndimakude Great Palace and is situated in
1723:
975:
998:
1576:
1549:
1330:
1346:
1179:
889:
682:
Izi-langwe (lineage of the silangwe clan according to the oral history)
337:
1367:
894:
780:
323:
129:
1617:
844:
772:
771:
1243:
1232:
http://www.sahistory.org.za/article/pondoland-revolt-1950-1961
212:
282:
Gubhela (his descendants also call themselves abakwa-Mkhize)
279:
Mavovo ( King Sibiside's heir and father of the Mkhize clan)
1203:
1201:
1199:
1034:
1032:
779:, a Mpondo Dance Festival, Kennedy Road Shack Settlement,
647:
From Nyawuza we have Ama-Nyawuza, Ama-Faku, oNgqungqushe.
626:
From Mkhondwane we have Ama-Ntlane, Ama-Valela, Ama-Gcuda
236:
1041:
The South Eastern Bantu (Abe-Nguni, Aba-Mbo, Ama-Lala
1126:
1124:
1802:
1755:
1722:
1597:
1548:
1528:
1476:
1400:
1286:
1277:
1226:
1224:
1222:
1220:
1218:
1216:
183:
175:
167:
159:
154:
111:
95:
79:
59:
49:
963:
961:
635:From Gangatha we have Ama-Gangatha, Imi-Capathi
288:Njanya (Ama-Mpondo, Ama-Mpondomise, Ama-Xesibe)
1255:
8:
905:List of current constituent African monarchs
718:Series of events leading to the 1960 revolts
24:
340:) was allotted to Adam Kok of the Griquas.
1283:
1262:
1248:
1240:
938:Anthony Appiah; Henry Louis Gates (2010).
629:From Sukude we have Ama-Same, Ama-Ncenjane
34:
23:
1108:
1106:
1104:
1102:
944:. Oxford University Press. p. 195.
930:
151:
300:
7:
875:Tutor Nyangelizwe Vulindlela Ndamase
768:Mpondo Culture and Heritage Festival
60:Regions with significant populations
1159:Review of African Political Economy
900:Isinuka Mud Caves and Sulphur Pools
285:Nomafu (Ama-Bomvu and Ama-Bomvana)
201:, is a kingdom in what is now the
14:
700:The land rehabilitation programme
230:to comply with Knowledge (XXG)'s
1001:, Encyclopædia Britannica (2007)
641:From Ndayini we have Ama-Ndayini
608:Mpondo clans and tributary clans
217:
66:
971:Encyclopedia of African Peoples
1045:Witwatersrand University Press
847:- queen of the Tshomane Mpondo
644:From Thahle we have Ama-Thahle
1:
1271:Ethnic groups in South Africa
1117:. Lovedale Institution Press.
1113:Ndamase, Victor Poto (1926).
1039:Soga, John Henderson (1930).
301:Shaka's invasion on AmaMpondo
16:Southern African ethnic group
739:Stabilisation of the revolts
709:The Bantu Authorities System
106:African Traditional Religion
1115:Ama-Mpondo: Ibali ne-ntlalo
1070:"The Invasion of AmaMpondo"
275:King Sibiside's offspring:
1887:
1011:Mkhize, Siyabonga (2009).
1172:10.1080/03056249408704062
604:(Born:1997-Alive:Aging)
116:
100:
84:
64:
54:
33:
1074:Document Analysis system
851:Nkosi Ntsikayezwe Sigcau
548:(Born:1863-Died:1917)
336:Mzintlava (now known as
243:may contain suggestions.
228:may need to be rewritten
1871:History of Eastern Cape
1131:Jackson, A. O. (1974).
1015:. Sibiside Publishers.
596:(Born:1974-Died:2022)
588:(Born:1948-Died:1984)
580:(Born:1909-Died:1970)
572:(Born:1909-Died:1937)
564:(Born:1887-Died:1949)
556:(Born:1890-Died:1921)
540:(Born:1856-Died:1905)
532:(Born:1831-Died:1887)
524:(Born:1789-Died:1867)
516:(Born:1762-Died:1818)
508:(Born:1720-Died:1782)
500:(Born:1691-Died:1755)
492:(Born:1665-Died:1721)
484:(Born:1643-Died:1696)
476:(Born:1610-Died:1664)
468:(Born:1585-Died:1643)
460:(Born:1553-Died:1619)
452:(Born:1527-Died:1591)
444:(Born:1504-Died:1569)
436:(Born:1481-Died:1539)
428:(Born:1458-Died:1513)
420:(Born:1435-Died:1494)
412:(Born:1406-Died:1471)
404:(Born:1380-Died:1456)
396:(Born:1347-Died:1425)
388:(Born:1303-Died:1385)
380:(Born:1264-Died:1351)
372:(Born:1232-Died:1318)
364:(Born:1205-Died:1280)
333:, Libode and Ngqeleni.
40:The son of Mpondo King
968:Diagram Group (2013).
941:Encyclopedia of Africa
839:Notable Mpondo leaders
816:u-Ndazosela (February)
804:u-Zibandlela (October)
784:
756:Arts and entertainment
408:King Hlambangobubende
356:(Born:1151-Died:1225)
348:(Born:1120-Died:1202)
885:Ngqungqushe kaNyawuza
813:u-Ntlolanja (January)
801:u-Mphanda (September)
775:
155:The Ama-Mpondo Nation
112:Related ethnic groups
810:u-Ntsinga (December)
310:and other Kingdoms.
1068:Khumalo, Dumisani.
831:u-Ncwabakazi (July)
30:
1230:SA History Online.
880:Faku kaNgqungqushe
828:u-Ntulikazi (June)
822:u-Mgudlula (April)
807:u-Lwezi (November)
785:
576:King Mandalenkosi
314:Ama-Mpondo-Kingdom
1858:
1857:
1544:
1543:
1054:978-1-108-06682-2
1022:978-0-620-43055-5
1013:Uhlanga Lwas'eMbo
985:978-1-135-96334-7
951:978-0-19-533770-9
915:Mpondomise people
834:u-Mfumfu (August)
825:u-Ntlangula (May)
584:King Zwelidumile
512:King Ngqungqushe
258:
257:
232:quality standards
191:
190:
150:
149:
29:
1878:
1790:
1785:
1673:
1634:
1627:
1620:
1467:
1453:
1446:
1432:
1425:
1418:
1410:Basotho/S. Sotho
1391:
1384:
1370:
1363:
1356:
1349:
1284:
1264:
1257:
1250:
1241:
1235:
1228:
1211:
1205:
1194:
1190:
1184:
1183:
1153:
1147:
1146:
1128:
1119:
1118:
1110:
1097:
1096:
1084:
1078:
1077:
1065:
1059:
1058:
1036:
1027:
1026:
1008:
1002:
996:
990:
989:
965:
956:
955:
935:
920:Xhosa clan names
819:u-m'Basa (March)
616:In more detail:
416:King Ziqelekazi
262:ema-Mpondomiseni
253:
250:
244:
221:
213:
152:
72:
70:
69:
50:Total population
38:
31:
27:
1886:
1885:
1881:
1880:
1879:
1877:
1876:
1875:
1861:
1860:
1859:
1854:
1798:
1788:
1781:
1751:
1718:
1669:
1630:
1623:
1616:
1593:
1540:
1524:
1472:
1463:
1449:
1442:
1428:
1421:
1414:
1396:
1387:
1380:
1366:
1359:
1352:
1345:
1273:
1268:
1238:
1229:
1214:
1206:
1197:
1191:
1187:
1166:(61): 315–324.
1155:
1154:
1150:
1143:
1130:
1129:
1122:
1112:
1111:
1100:
1087:Ciqala, Macko.
1086:
1085:
1081:
1067:
1066:
1062:
1055:
1038:
1037:
1030:
1023:
1010:
1009:
1005:
997:
993:
986:
978:. p. 158.
967:
966:
959:
952:
937:
936:
932:
928:
866:
859:– former ANC MP
841:
794:
770:
758:
741:
720:
711:
702:
694:
689:
610:
552:King Rarhelane
480:King Chithwayo
392:King Khondwane
316:
303:
270:Kingdom of Kush
254:
248:
245:
235:
222:
211:
67:
65:
45:
26:
22:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1884:
1882:
1874:
1873:
1863:
1862:
1856:
1855:
1853:
1852:
1847:
1842:
1837:
1832:
1827:
1822:
1817:
1812:
1806:
1804:
1800:
1799:
1797:
1796:
1793:
1792:
1791:
1786:
1776:
1773:
1770:
1769:Telegu/Andhras
1767:
1761:
1759:
1753:
1752:
1750:
1749:
1744:
1739:
1734:
1732:Cape Coloureds
1728:
1726:
1720:
1719:
1717:
1716:
1711:
1706:
1701:
1696:
1691:
1686:
1681:
1676:
1675:
1674:
1671:Afrikaner-Jews
1662:
1657:
1652:
1647:
1642:
1637:
1636:
1635:
1628:
1621:
1609:
1603:
1601:
1595:
1594:
1592:
1591:
1590:
1589:
1584:
1574:
1573:
1572:
1569:
1558:
1556:
1546:
1545:
1542:
1541:
1539:
1538:
1534:
1532:
1526:
1525:
1523:
1522:
1519:
1516:
1513:
1510:
1507:
1504:
1501:
1498:
1495:
1492:
1489:
1486:
1482:
1480:
1474:
1473:
1471:
1470:
1469:
1468:
1456:
1455:
1454:
1447:
1435:
1434:
1433:
1426:
1419:
1406:
1404:
1398:
1397:
1395:
1394:
1393:
1392:
1385:
1373:
1372:
1371:
1364:
1357:
1350:
1338:
1333:
1328:
1323:
1318:
1313:
1308:
1303:
1298:
1292:
1290:
1281:
1279:Bantu-speaking
1275:
1274:
1269:
1267:
1266:
1259:
1252:
1244:
1237:
1236:
1212:
1195:
1185:
1148:
1141:
1120:
1098:
1079:
1060:
1053:
1028:
1021:
1003:
991:
984:
957:
950:
929:
927:
924:
923:
922:
917:
912:
907:
902:
897:
892:
887:
882:
877:
872:
865:
862:
861:
860:
854:
853:– ANC activist
848:
840:
837:
836:
835:
832:
829:
826:
823:
820:
817:
814:
811:
808:
805:
802:
793:
792:Lunar Calendar
790:
769:
766:
757:
754:
740:
737:
719:
716:
710:
707:
701:
698:
693:
690:
688:
685:
684:
683:
680:
677:
674:
673:Ama-Khwetshube
671:
670:Ama-Ntshangase
668:
665:
662:
659:
656:
649:
648:
645:
642:
639:
636:
633:
630:
627:
624:
621:
609:
606:
602:
601:
594:
593:
592:King Zanozuko
586:
585:
578:
577:
570:
569:
562:
561:
554:
553:
546:
545:
538:
537:
530:
529:
522:
521:
514:
513:
506:
505:
498:
497:
490:
489:
482:
481:
474:
473:
466:
465:
464:King Gangatha
458:
457:
450:
449:
448:King Ncindise
442:
441:
434:
433:
426:
425:
418:
417:
410:
409:
402:
401:
394:
393:
386:
385:
384:King Santsabe
378:
377:
370:
369:
362:
361:
354:
353:
346:
345:
344:King Sibiside
331:Port St. Johns
315:
312:
302:
299:
290:
289:
286:
283:
280:
266:oral tradition
256:
255:
225:
223:
216:
210:
207:
195:Mpondo People,
189:
188:
185:
181:
180:
177:
173:
172:
169:
165:
164:
161:
157:
156:
148:
147:
114:
113:
109:
108:
98:
97:
93:
92:
82:
81:
77:
76:
62:
61:
57:
56:
52:
51:
47:
46:
39:
20:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1883:
1872:
1869:
1868:
1866:
1851:
1848:
1846:
1843:
1841:
1838:
1836:
1833:
1831:
1828:
1826:
1823:
1821:
1818:
1816:
1813:
1811:
1808:
1807:
1805:
1801:
1794:
1787:
1784:
1780:
1779:
1777:
1774:
1771:
1768:
1766:
1763:
1762:
1760:
1758:
1754:
1748:
1745:
1743:
1740:
1738:
1735:
1733:
1730:
1729:
1727:
1725:
1721:
1715:
1712:
1710:
1707:
1705:
1702:
1700:
1697:
1695:
1692:
1690:
1687:
1685:
1682:
1680:
1677:
1672:
1668:
1667:
1666:
1663:
1661:
1658:
1656:
1653:
1651:
1648:
1646:
1643:
1641:
1638:
1633:
1629:
1626:
1622:
1619:
1615:
1614:
1613:
1610:
1608:
1605:
1604:
1602:
1600:
1596:
1588:
1585:
1583:
1580:
1579:
1578:
1575:
1570:
1568:
1565:
1564:
1563:
1560:
1559:
1557:
1555:
1551:
1547:
1536:
1535:
1533:
1531:
1527:
1520:
1517:
1514:
1511:
1508:
1505:
1502:
1499:
1496:
1493:
1490:
1487:
1484:
1483:
1481:
1479:
1475:
1466:
1462:
1461:
1460:
1457:
1452:
1448:
1445:
1441:
1440:
1439:
1438:Pedi/N. Sotho
1436:
1431:
1427:
1424:
1420:
1417:
1413:
1412:
1411:
1408:
1407:
1405:
1403:
1399:
1390:
1386:
1383:
1379:
1378:
1377:
1374:
1369:
1365:
1362:
1358:
1355:
1351:
1348:
1344:
1343:
1342:
1339:
1337:
1334:
1332:
1329:
1327:
1324:
1322:
1319:
1317:
1314:
1312:
1309:
1307:
1304:
1302:
1299:
1297:
1294:
1293:
1291:
1289:
1285:
1282:
1280:
1276:
1272:
1265:
1260:
1258:
1253:
1251:
1246:
1245:
1242:
1233:
1227:
1225:
1223:
1221:
1219:
1217:
1213:
1210:
1204:
1202:
1200:
1196:
1189:
1186:
1181:
1177:
1173:
1169:
1165:
1161:
1160:
1152:
1149:
1144:
1138:
1134:
1127:
1125:
1121:
1116:
1109:
1107:
1105:
1103:
1099:
1094:
1090:
1083:
1080:
1075:
1071:
1064:
1061:
1056:
1050:
1046:
1042:
1035:
1033:
1029:
1024:
1018:
1014:
1007:
1004:
1000:
999:Mpondo people
995:
992:
987:
981:
977:
973:
972:
964:
962:
958:
953:
947:
943:
942:
934:
931:
925:
921:
918:
916:
913:
911:
908:
906:
903:
901:
898:
896:
893:
891:
888:
886:
883:
881:
878:
876:
873:
871:
868:
867:
863:
858:
857:Stella Sigcau
855:
852:
849:
846:
843:
842:
838:
833:
830:
827:
824:
821:
818:
815:
812:
809:
806:
803:
800:
799:
798:
791:
789:
782:
778:
774:
767:
765:
763:
755:
753:
749:
745:
738:
736:
732:
728:
724:
717:
715:
708:
706:
699:
697:
691:
686:
681:
678:
675:
672:
669:
666:
663:
660:
657:
654:
653:
652:
646:
643:
640:
637:
634:
631:
628:
625:
622:
619:
618:
617:
614:
607:
605:
599:
598:
597:
591:
590:
589:
583:
582:
581:
575:
574:
573:
567:
566:
565:
559:
558:
557:
551:
550:
549:
543:
542:
541:
536:King Sigcawu
535:
534:
533:
528:King Mqikela
527:
526:
525:
519:
518:
517:
511:
510:
509:
504:King Nyawuza
503:
502:
501:
495:
494:
493:
488:King Ndayeni
487:
486:
485:
479:
478:
477:
471:
470:
469:
463:
462:
461:
455:
454:
453:
447:
446:
445:
439:
438:
437:
431:
430:
429:
424:King Ncamane
423:
422:
421:
415:
414:
413:
407:
406:
405:
399:
398:
397:
391:
390:
389:
383:
382:
381:
375:
374:
373:
368:King Sithula
367:
366:
365:
359:
358:
357:
351:
350:
349:
343:
342:
341:
339:
334:
332:
327:
325:
321:
313:
311:
307:
298:
295:
287:
284:
281:
278:
277:
276:
273:
271:
267:
263:
252:
242:
238:
233:
229:
226:This section
224:
220:
215:
214:
208:
206:
204:
200:
196:
187:Ema-Mpondweni
186:
182:
178:
174:
170:
166:
162:
158:
153:
146:
145:Bantu peoples
142:
138:
134:
131:
127:
123:
119:
115:
110:
107:
103:
99:
94:
91:
87:
83:
78:
75:
63:
58:
53:
48:
44:(before 1864)
43:
37:
32:
19:
1402:Sotho-Tswana
1188:
1163:
1157:
1151:
1142:0 621 021032
1132:
1114:
1092:
1082:
1073:
1063:
1040:
1012:
1006:
994:
970:
940:
933:
870:Botha Sigcau
795:
786:
776:
759:
750:
746:
742:
733:
729:
725:
721:
712:
703:
695:
687:1960 revolts
676:Ama-Ngutyana
664:Ama-Khanyayo
650:
615:
611:
603:
595:
587:
579:
571:
563:
555:
547:
539:
531:
523:
515:
507:
499:
496:King Thahle
491:
483:
475:
467:
459:
451:
443:
435:
427:
419:
411:
403:
400:King Sukude
395:
387:
379:
376:King Mithwa
371:
363:
360:King Mpondo
355:
352:King Njanya
347:
335:
328:
317:
308:
304:
291:
274:
259:
246:
237:You can help
227:
203:Eastern Cape
198:
194:
192:
102:Christianity
74:South Africa
21:Ethnic group
18:
1815:Zimbabweans
1737:Cape Malays
1714:Zimbabweans
1684:Mozambicans
1587:Strandloper
1354:Gqunukhwebe
661:Ama-Ngcikwa
472:King Bhala
440:King Msiza
432:King Thobe
292:Mpondo and
1845:Pakistanis
1778:Gujaratis
1699:Portuguese
1689:Norwegians
1625:Cape Dutch
1612:Afrikaners
1301:Mpondomise
926:References
910:Mpondoland
520:King Faku
456:King Cabe
294:Mpondomise
199:Ama-Mpondo
197:or simply
171:Ama-Mpondo
122:Mpondomise
55:~5 million
28:Ama-Mpondo
25:Ama-Mpondo
1830:Nigerians
1724:Coloureds
1632:Huguenots
1491:N'walungu
976:Routledge
679:Ama-Ndunu
658:Ama-Mpisi
320:Flagstaff
249:June 2020
241:talk page
179:Isi-Xhosa
80:Languages
1865:Category
1835:Japanese
1679:Lebanese
1660:Italians
1640:Angolans
1577:Khoekhoe
1503:Hlanganu
1451:Mabelane
1444:Balobedu
1430:Batlokwa
1331:Ndwandwe
1193:.2007.51
1093:Analysis
1089:"Mpondo"
864:See also
667:Imi-Zizi
655:Ama-Yalo
176:Language
163:I-Mpondo
96:Religion
86:IsiXhosa
1840:Koreans
1825:Somalis
1820:Chinese
1757:Indians
1747:Oorlams
1742:Griquas
1645:Germans
1607:British
1485:Hlengwe
1423:Bataung
1416:Bakoena
1389:Khumalo
1347:Gcaleka
1316:Ndebele
1180:4006143
890:Ndamase
338:Kokstad
209:Origins
184:Country
90:English
1803:Others
1795:Koknis
1789:Surtis
1783:Memons
1765:Tamils
1650:Greeks
1599:Whites
1521:Thonga
1518:Ndzawu
1512:Dzonga
1506:Nhlave
1500:Rhonga
1494:Gwamba
1478:Tsonga
1465:Balete
1459:Tswana
1368:Xesibe
1336:Thembu
1178:
1139:
1051:
1019:
982:
948:
895:Sigcau
783:(2008)
781:Durban
777:Imfene
692:Causes
324:Libode
239:. The
168:People
160:Person
143:other
130:Xesibe
126:Thembu
71:
1810:Lemba
1772:Hindi
1709:Turks
1704:Serbs
1694:Poles
1655:Irish
1618:Boers
1567:ǃKung
1537:Ngona
1530:Venda
1497:Tswha
1382:Fingo
1361:Gaika
1341:Xhosa
1326:Swazi
1321:Pondo
1311:Hlubi
1306:Fengu
1296:Bhaca
1288:Nguni
1176:JSTOR
845:Gquma
762:Nguni
137:Hlubi
133:Swati
118:Xhosa
1850:Roma
1775:Urdu
1665:Jews
1582:Nama
1571:ǀXam
1552:and
1550:Khoi
1515:Copi
1509:Bila
1488:Xika
1376:Zulu
1137:ISBN
1049:ISBN
1017:ISBN
980:ISBN
946:ISBN
193:The
141:Zulu
42:Faku
1562:San
1554:San
1168:doi
1867::
1215:^
1198:^
1174:.
1164:21
1162:.
1135:.
1123:^
1101:^
1091:.
1072:.
1047:.
1043:.
1031:^
974:.
960:^
139:,
135:,
128:,
124:,
120:,
104:,
88:,
1263:e
1256:t
1249:v
1234:.
1182:.
1170::
1145:.
1095:.
1076:.
1057:.
1025:.
988:.
954:.
251:)
247:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
