799:
Lwandlolubomvu Great Place, Ntabankulu; palace of the customary head
Jongilanga Sigcau. Ntabankulu is the mountainous part of the Mpondo Kingdom surrounded by the great Mzimvubu River. Ntabankulu in Mpondo language means 'Big Mountains'. September is important in Mpondo history as it was originally the Mpondo new year in the ancient Mpondo calendars and also two of the Mpondo Kings King Mqikela and King Sigcau were born on this month. The Mpondo culture and Heritage Festival also celebrates the roles played by these icons, including the legendary kings Faku, Mqikela, Sigcawu, Marhelane amongst others. This events also seeks to promote cultural diversity through sharing of Mpondo culture and heritage with other cultures from South Africa, broader African continent and beyond the oceans. It attracts a lot of tourists, both local and international, and is one of the biggest events in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa.
283:. This is evident from the ruling plant in the coast south-east of Africa and north-west of Madagascar, the marijuana plant. It grows in abundance from ema-Mpondweni up the coast and the coast of Madagascar. It is through king Sibiside that Mpondo the forefather of the nation emerges together with other well-known nations. Mpondo people share a common lineage with Ama-Mpondomise, Ama-Xesibe, Abakwa-Mkhize, Ama-Bomvu and Ama-Bomvana.
230:
79:
734:
cooperating or suspected to be cooperating with the colonial government. There were also conflicts around the Bizana area during that same year as the government intended to fence off a certain area on the coastal area to reserve the forests and coastal zones without having consulted the people of Mpondo-land. People were evicted out of their land, and at one stage during evictions police were attacked.
279:, they are the legendary descendants of King Mpondo, the grandson of King Sibiside who was the leader of the once-powerful Embo nation (Aba-Mbo or Ma-Mbo). Mpondo people are part of the Aba-Mbo group who are thought to have migrated from the Great Lakes into modern-day South Africa or the race of people coming from Ethiopia and along Zambia down past Eswatini, believed to be under the Great
216:. It was established in 1226. The Ama-Mpondo Nation were first ruled by its founder who was King Mpondo kaNjanya who lived around (born in 1205 and died in 1280) and later the 'Ama-Nyawuza'clan (a royal clan of the Ama-Mpondo), by nationality referred to themselves as 'Ama-Mpondo'. They are related to other Aba-Mbo kingdoms and chiefdoms in South Africa.
738:
for his life. The consequence to his actions resulted in him having his house burnt and the police terrorizing the people in that area. This did not deter the Mpondo people from mobilising against the government, who made it clear to Chief
Sigcawu, who was the King at the time that the Bantu system was not going to be enforced on their watch.
784:
742:
meeting, who in turn upon their arrival fired on the people at the hill. This resulted in the arrest of 23 people and the death of 11 people. In retaliation, there was an ambush on a police patrol in
Flagstaff. These people were shot at by the police, resulting in the injury of two policemen and the arrest of one headman.
724:
This system brought about tension between the people of
Pondoland and their chiefs. The Bantu Authorities System created a pseudo sense of power as colonial authorities gave chiefs limited power, ensuring that administrative duties were still being assigned to the colonial government. This disrupted
320:
The Ngwane warriors died in large numbers on that day and was successfully expelled from
Thembuland some became refugees hiding in the mountains all of their cattle were taken and there was not even a cow for remaining the surviving Ngwane people submitted to AbaThembu others went to join AmaMpondo
807:
According to the ancient Aba-Mbo people, including Mpondo
September is the first month of the year. There are some Mpondo people who recognise the appearance of the Pleiades ("isilimela") to signal the beginning of the year, but it is most likely that this interpretation was adopted from the sotho
737:
In 1959, in the Bizana district, Saul Mabude who was the chairman of the district authority and advocate for the Bantu
Authorities system was asked to meet with the people of that community. He was tasked with explaining the Bantu Authorities system to them, however he did not show up as he feared
798:
Mpondo
Culture and Heritage Festival is celebrated annually by Mpondo to celebrate their culture and heritage. It is the biggest cultural event celebrated in the Kingdom attended by approximately over 20,000 people preceded by the Annual Mpondo Reed Dance. It is held in September of every year at
623:
There are three types of clans you find in Mpondo-land (kwa-Mpondo/ema-Mpondweni) today. First, there clans that arise out of the many houses of the Kings listed in the section above is ( King Mpondo's descendants). Secondly, there are clans of the older Aba-Mbonambi Ma-Mbo Clan from which Mpondo
316:
When Mpondo King Faku was attacked by Shaka he appealed to
Ngubengcuka and Xhosa King Hintsa for help with defeating the Zulu king and the message was also sent to Grahamstown by time grahamstown had sent their soldiers to compliment the Xhosa, Thembu and Mpondo armies, Shaka’s warriors were long
307:
were twins. There is an ongoing argument about the twin who was the eldest, the most commonly held view is that Mpondo is the senior twin. It is said that while out hunting, Mpondo killed a lion and refused to hand over the skin to
Mpondomise as was the custom (the senior was entitled to skins of
754:
A commission of inquiry was held right after the massacre. The demands from the people of Pondoland entailed the Bantu Authorities, Bantu Education Acts being withdrawn, the relief from taxes. Their demands were not met, and in retaliation the Pondo boycotted all white owned stores in Pondoland.
745:
In November 1960 in Flagstaff, a mass meeting was called at Ngqanduli. Chief Vukayibambe called the police and helped disperse the meeting. One of the protesters was killed, this resulting in Vukayibambe's kraal being set on fire and his death. All those who had an affiliation with the chief and
758:
By the end of November 1960, a state of emergency was declared in Pondoland, in Flagstaff, Bizana, Tabankulu, Lusikisiki and Mount Ayliff. No one could access those areas without a permit, and the west of Umtata was closed off. The revolts were shut down through heavy policing and raiding tax
741:
In June 1960 a meeting was called at Ngquza Hill. These meetings had become the norm during the apartheid era around that area as people used them to educate each other on the events that were taking place, thus the meetings on the hill were not held secretly. The police were tipped about the
733:
The first signs of revolt were apparent through local vigilante groups such as the Makhuluspani. The Makhuluspani was a group that was created in a bid to combat stock theft in the districts of Tsolo and Qumbu in the 1950s. It is reported that these groups targeted headmen and chiefs who were
47:
1203:
Pieterse.Traditionalists, traitors and sell-outs: the roles and motives of ‘ama-qaba’, ‘aba-ngcatshi’ and ‘aba-thengisi’ in the Mpondo-land Revolt of 1960 to 1961. Department of Historical and Heritage Studies.Faculty of Humanities University of Pretoria
759:
evaders. The Bantu Home Guard was also established by the chiefs in a bid to shut down the revolts, with the aid of the military force that was sent by the state in a bid to subjugate the areas in Pondoland where the revolts had occurred until 1963.
275:, and to make it easier for telling Iintsomi, meaning educative stories. Taking Mpondo as the son since it was used for defending and Mpondomise as the daughter since it was used for attacking and negotiation. Thus according to the Mpondo
762:
In 1960, a total of 4,769 had been imprisoned during this period of the revolts from 1950 and 1960, and 2,067 brought to trial and it is reported that 30 people were sentenced to death during August and October in 1961.
715:
The land rehabilitation programme was a system that entailed the colonisers keeping the fertile soils to themselves and allocating the less fertile lands to the local people. The Mpondo people revolted against this.
725:
the system as people were used to being consulted at the Inkundla before decisions were made. Inkundla was when members of a community met together to discuss issues affecting the district/area and made decisions.
579:
King Mandlonke (He was the first to be king but because he died without Producing his own children so the royal family decided to give the throne to his twin brother who took over from him).
1272:
337:, Eastern Cape. The Nyandeni house enjoyed autonomy for decades and was often referred to as Western Mpondo-land, while the Qawukeni house was referred to as Eastern Mpondo-land.
308:
certain animals). The tension between the two started from that day and Mpondo and his followers were the first ones to leave and settle elsewhere away from their father's land.
775:
dance) and their own traditional dance called "imfene" (baboon dance). This dance(imfene) is performed by young ones and adults of both sexes to the sounds of Maskandi music.
624:
himself was born out, therefore these are people of his ancestors. Thirdly, there are clans who have immigrated to Mpondo-land and now pay tribute to the Mpondo kingdom.
571:
Regency-King Mswakezi (he too was a regent for his nephew Prince Mandlonke KaRarhelane who was his late brother's great-son because he was to young to rule his people).
771:
The Mpondo people are one of the major tribes that produce and consumes the genre of music called Maskandi but the Mpondo people are unique in a performance of ukusina(
271:
The story of the origins of ema-Mpondweni was told to personify and symbolise the fact that it was a nation with lands shaped like a horn, when it includes the lands
915:
1265:
555:
Regency-King Mhlanga (He was a Regent for his nephew Prince Rarhelane KaSigcawu who was still in high-school at time and underage to rule his people).
707:
There were varying reasons that led to the revolts notably the land rehabilitation programme, the Bantu Authorities System and the increase in taxes.
649:
From Bhala we have Ama-Bhala, Ama-Chithwayo, Ama-Khonjwayo, Ama-Nyathi, Ama-Heleni, Ama-Ngcoya, Ama-Jola (not to be confused with Ama-Mpondomise clan)
1258:
1063:
1031:
994:
960:
885:
1675:
1169:
910:
808:
people. Mpondo calendar is as follows commencing with uMphanda the first month of the year according to the ancient Mpondo Calendar.
340:
The towns in the Mpondo kingdom include Lusikisiki, Siphaqeni (known as Flagstaff), Mbizana (erroneously called Bizana), Ntabankulu,
1219:
1881:
1151:
1845:
1689:
662:
Some of the following clans were followers of Mpondo kings from the beginning, some only came later during the reign of Faku:
1055:
1289:
1281:
1218:
Kepe and Ntsebeza. Rural Resistance in South Africa. The Mpondo Revolts after Fifty Years. Koninklikje Brill NV.2011.26.
116:
631:
From Sihula we have Imi-Qwane, Ama-Ntusi (The elder son called Mbangweni and the young brother called Gavu kaMbangweni)
242:
1825:
1855:
1617:
1840:
1642:
1709:
1699:
861:
746:
supported him were killed, injured and their kraals set alight. The police were sent to defuse the situation.
1850:
1835:
1655:
330:
1830:
1793:
1670:
1660:
1767:
1719:
1714:
1704:
895:
611:
King Yolisa (He is the current reigning monarch of Ama-Mpondo-people in South Africa today Since 2022).
1775:
1724:
1694:
1650:
1609:
1412:
1326:
1597:
643:
From Cabe we have Ama-Cabe, Ama-Tshomane, Ama-Dwerha, Ama-Qhiya, Ama-Njilo, Ama-Gqwarhu, Ama-Nqanda
1242:
1220:
https://openaccess.leidenuniv.nl/bitstream/handle/1887/31865/ASC-075287668-3033-01.pdf?sequence=2
1186:
890:
251:
52:
1311:
1147:
1059:
1027:
990:
956:
925:
304:
272:
132:
96:
1178:
930:
100:
280:
1577:
1099:
1080:
634:
From Mthwa we have Imi-Thwa, Ama-Woshe, Ama-Ngcwangule, Ama-Gingqi, Ama-Khwalo, Ama-Beko
229:
46:
1742:
1681:
1665:
1461:
341:
333:, Eastern Cape. The right-hand house is called Nyandeni Great Place and is situated in
276:
1167:
Murray, Colin; Williams, Gavin (1994). "Editorial: Land and Freedom in South Africa".
1875:
1860:
1757:
1752:
1488:
1475:
1469:
1454:
1346:
867:
317:
gone the combined force then proceesded to attack AmaNgwane thinking it was AmaZulu.
155:
136:
1820:
1540:
1440:
1420:
1399:
1392:
1371:
1351:
1336:
1331:
1321:
1316:
1306:
1298:
1144:
The Ethnic Composition of the Ciskei and Transkei: Ethnological Publications No. 53
920:
880:
772:
213:
147:
143:
128:
112:
84:
980:
950:
1747:
1592:
1448:
1433:
1426:
1386:
1364:
1250:
151:
245:, as it is meandering and ungrammatical, most notably in the opening sentences.
1635:
1622:
1572:
1564:
1182:
329:
The great house of Mpondo is called Ndimakude Great Palace and is situated in
1734:
986:
1009:
1587:
1560:
1341:
1357:
1190:
900:
693:
Izi-langwe (lineage of the silangwe clan according to the oral history)
348:
17:
1378:
905:
791:
334:
140:
1628:
855:
783:
782:
1254:
1243:
http://www.sahistory.org.za/article/pondoland-revolt-1950-1961
223:
293:
Gubhela (his descendants also call themselves abakwa-Mkhize)
290:
Mavovo ( King Sibiside's heir and father of the Mkhize clan)
1214:
1212:
1210:
1045:
1043:
790:, a Mpondo Dance Festival, Kennedy Road Shack Settlement,
658:
From Nyawuza we have Ama-Nyawuza, Ama-Faku, oNgqungqushe.
637:
From Mkhondwane we have Ama-Ntlane, Ama-Valela, Ama-Gcuda
247:
1052:
The South Eastern Bantu (Abe-Nguni, Aba-Mbo, Ama-Lala
1137:
1135:
1813:
1766:
1733:
1608:
1559:
1539:
1487:
1411:
1297:
1288:
1237:
1235:
1233:
1231:
1229:
1227:
194:
186:
178:
170:
165:
122:
106:
90:
70:
60:
974:
972:
646:From Gangatha we have Ama-Gangatha, Imi-Capathi
299:Njanya (Ama-Mpondo, Ama-Mpondomise, Ama-Xesibe)
1266:
8:
916:List of current constituent African monarchs
729:Series of events leading to the 1960 revolts
35:
351:) was allotted to Adam Kok of the Griquas.
1294:
1273:
1259:
1251:
949:Anthony Appiah; Henry Louis Gates (2010).
640:From Sukude we have Ama-Same, Ama-Ncenjane
45:
34:
1119:
1117:
1115:
1113:
955:. Oxford University Press. p. 195.
941:
162:
311:
7:
886:Tutor Nyangelizwe Vulindlela Ndamase
779:Mpondo Culture and Heritage Festival
71:Regions with significant populations
1170:Review of African Political Economy
911:Isinuka Mud Caves and Sulphur Pools
296:Nomafu (Ama-Bomvu and Ama-Bomvana)
212:, is a kingdom in what is now the
25:
711:The land rehabilitation programme
241:to comply with Knowledge (XXG)'s
1012:, Encyclopædia Britannica (2007)
652:From Ndayini we have Ama-Ndayini
619:Mpondo clans and tributary clans
228:
77:
982:Encyclopedia of African Peoples
1056:Witwatersrand University Press
858:- queen of the Tshomane Mpondo
655:From Thahle we have Ama-Thahle
1:
1282:Ethnic groups in South Africa
1128:. Lovedale Institution Press.
1124:Ndamase, Victor Poto (1926).
1050:Soga, John Henderson (1930).
312:Shaka's invasion on AmaMpondo
27:Southern African ethnic group
750:Stabilisation of the revolts
720:The Bantu Authorities System
117:African Traditional Religion
1126:Ama-Mpondo: Ibali ne-ntlalo
1081:"The Invasion of AmaMpondo"
286:King Sibiside's offspring:
1898:
1022:Mkhize, Siyabonga (2009).
1183:10.1080/03056249408704062
615:(Born:1997-Alive:Aging)
127:
111:
95:
75:
65:
44:
1085:Document Analysis system
862:Nkosi Ntsikayezwe Sigcau
559:(Born:1863-Died:1917)
347:Mzintlava (now known as
254:may contain suggestions.
239:may need to be rewritten
1882:History of Eastern Cape
1142:Jackson, A. O. (1974).
1026:. Sibiside Publishers.
607:(Born:1974-Died:2022)
599:(Born:1948-Died:1984)
591:(Born:1909-Died:1970)
583:(Born:1909-Died:1937)
575:(Born:1887-Died:1949)
567:(Born:1890-Died:1921)
551:(Born:1856-Died:1905)
543:(Born:1831-Died:1887)
535:(Born:1789-Died:1867)
527:(Born:1762-Died:1818)
519:(Born:1720-Died:1782)
511:(Born:1691-Died:1755)
503:(Born:1665-Died:1721)
495:(Born:1643-Died:1696)
487:(Born:1610-Died:1664)
479:(Born:1585-Died:1643)
471:(Born:1553-Died:1619)
463:(Born:1527-Died:1591)
455:(Born:1504-Died:1569)
447:(Born:1481-Died:1539)
439:(Born:1458-Died:1513)
431:(Born:1435-Died:1494)
423:(Born:1406-Died:1471)
415:(Born:1380-Died:1456)
407:(Born:1347-Died:1425)
399:(Born:1303-Died:1385)
391:(Born:1264-Died:1351)
383:(Born:1232-Died:1318)
375:(Born:1205-Died:1280)
344:, Libode and Ngqeleni.
51:The son of Mpondo King
979:Diagram Group (2013).
952:Encyclopedia of Africa
850:Notable Mpondo leaders
827:u-Ndazosela (February)
815:u-Zibandlela (October)
795:
767:Arts and entertainment
419:King Hlambangobubende
367:(Born:1151-Died:1225)
359:(Born:1120-Died:1202)
896:Ngqungqushe kaNyawuza
824:u-Ntlolanja (January)
812:u-Mphanda (September)
786:
166:The Ama-Mpondo Nation
123:Related ethnic groups
821:u-Ntsinga (December)
321:and other Kingdoms.
1079:Khumalo, Dumisani.
842:u-Ncwabakazi (July)
41:
1241:SA History Online.
891:Faku kaNgqungqushe
839:u-Ntulikazi (June)
833:u-Mgudlula (April)
818:u-Lwezi (November)
796:
587:King Mandalenkosi
325:Ama-Mpondo-Kingdom
1869:
1868:
1555:
1554:
1065:978-1-108-06682-2
1033:978-0-620-43055-5
1024:Uhlanga Lwas'eMbo
996:978-1-135-96334-7
962:978-0-19-533770-9
926:Mpondomise people
845:u-Mfumfu (August)
836:u-Ntlangula (May)
595:King Zwelidumile
523:King Ngqungqushe
269:
268:
243:quality standards
202:
201:
161:
160:
40:
16:(Redirected from
1889:
1801:
1796:
1684:
1645:
1638:
1631:
1478:
1464:
1457:
1443:
1436:
1429:
1421:Basotho/S. Sotho
1402:
1395:
1381:
1374:
1367:
1360:
1295:
1275:
1268:
1261:
1252:
1246:
1239:
1222:
1216:
1205:
1201:
1195:
1194:
1164:
1158:
1157:
1139:
1130:
1129:
1121:
1108:
1107:
1095:
1089:
1088:
1076:
1070:
1069:
1047:
1038:
1037:
1019:
1013:
1007:
1001:
1000:
976:
967:
966:
946:
931:Xhosa clan names
830:u-m'Basa (March)
627:In more detail:
427:King Ziqelekazi
273:ema-Mpondomiseni
264:
261:
255:
232:
224:
163:
83:
81:
80:
61:Total population
49:
42:
38:
21:
1897:
1896:
1892:
1891:
1890:
1888:
1887:
1886:
1872:
1871:
1870:
1865:
1809:
1799:
1792:
1762:
1729:
1680:
1641:
1634:
1627:
1604:
1551:
1535:
1483:
1474:
1460:
1453:
1439:
1432:
1425:
1407:
1398:
1391:
1377:
1370:
1363:
1356:
1284:
1279:
1249:
1240:
1225:
1217:
1208:
1202:
1198:
1177:(61): 315–324.
1166:
1165:
1161:
1154:
1141:
1140:
1133:
1123:
1122:
1111:
1098:Ciqala, Macko.
1097:
1096:
1092:
1078:
1077:
1073:
1066:
1049:
1048:
1041:
1034:
1021:
1020:
1016:
1008:
1004:
997:
989:. p. 158.
978:
977:
970:
963:
948:
947:
943:
939:
877:
870:– former ANC MP
852:
805:
781:
769:
752:
731:
722:
713:
705:
700:
621:
563:King Rarhelane
491:King Chithwayo
403:King Khondwane
327:
314:
281:Kingdom of Kush
265:
259:
256:
246:
233:
222:
78:
76:
56:
37:
33:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1895:
1893:
1885:
1884:
1874:
1873:
1867:
1866:
1864:
1863:
1858:
1853:
1848:
1843:
1838:
1833:
1828:
1823:
1817:
1815:
1811:
1810:
1808:
1807:
1804:
1803:
1802:
1797:
1787:
1784:
1781:
1780:Telegu/Andhras
1778:
1772:
1770:
1764:
1763:
1761:
1760:
1755:
1750:
1745:
1743:Cape Coloureds
1739:
1737:
1731:
1730:
1728:
1727:
1722:
1717:
1712:
1707:
1702:
1697:
1692:
1687:
1686:
1685:
1682:Afrikaner-Jews
1673:
1668:
1663:
1658:
1653:
1648:
1647:
1646:
1639:
1632:
1620:
1614:
1612:
1606:
1605:
1603:
1602:
1601:
1600:
1595:
1585:
1584:
1583:
1580:
1569:
1567:
1557:
1556:
1553:
1552:
1550:
1549:
1545:
1543:
1537:
1536:
1534:
1533:
1530:
1527:
1524:
1521:
1518:
1515:
1512:
1509:
1506:
1503:
1500:
1497:
1493:
1491:
1485:
1484:
1482:
1481:
1480:
1479:
1467:
1466:
1465:
1458:
1446:
1445:
1444:
1437:
1430:
1417:
1415:
1409:
1408:
1406:
1405:
1404:
1403:
1396:
1384:
1383:
1382:
1375:
1368:
1361:
1349:
1344:
1339:
1334:
1329:
1324:
1319:
1314:
1309:
1303:
1301:
1292:
1290:Bantu-speaking
1286:
1285:
1280:
1278:
1277:
1270:
1263:
1255:
1248:
1247:
1223:
1206:
1196:
1159:
1152:
1131:
1109:
1090:
1071:
1064:
1039:
1032:
1014:
1002:
995:
968:
961:
940:
938:
935:
934:
933:
928:
923:
918:
913:
908:
903:
898:
893:
888:
883:
876:
873:
872:
871:
865:
864:– ANC activist
859:
851:
848:
847:
846:
843:
840:
837:
834:
831:
828:
825:
822:
819:
816:
813:
804:
803:Lunar Calendar
801:
780:
777:
768:
765:
751:
748:
730:
727:
721:
718:
712:
709:
704:
701:
699:
696:
695:
694:
691:
688:
685:
684:Ama-Khwetshube
682:
681:Ama-Ntshangase
679:
676:
673:
670:
667:
660:
659:
656:
653:
650:
647:
644:
641:
638:
635:
632:
620:
617:
613:
612:
605:
604:
603:King Zanozuko
597:
596:
589:
588:
581:
580:
573:
572:
565:
564:
557:
556:
549:
548:
541:
540:
533:
532:
525:
524:
517:
516:
509:
508:
501:
500:
493:
492:
485:
484:
477:
476:
475:King Gangatha
469:
468:
461:
460:
459:King Ncindise
453:
452:
445:
444:
437:
436:
429:
428:
421:
420:
413:
412:
405:
404:
397:
396:
395:King Santsabe
389:
388:
381:
380:
373:
372:
365:
364:
357:
356:
355:King Sibiside
342:Port St. Johns
326:
323:
313:
310:
301:
300:
297:
294:
291:
277:oral tradition
267:
266:
236:
234:
227:
221:
218:
206:Mpondo People,
200:
199:
196:
192:
191:
188:
184:
183:
180:
176:
175:
172:
168:
167:
159:
158:
125:
124:
120:
119:
109:
108:
104:
103:
93:
92:
88:
87:
73:
72:
68:
67:
63:
62:
58:
57:
50:
31:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1894:
1883:
1880:
1879:
1877:
1862:
1859:
1857:
1854:
1852:
1849:
1847:
1844:
1842:
1839:
1837:
1834:
1832:
1829:
1827:
1824:
1822:
1819:
1818:
1816:
1812:
1805:
1798:
1795:
1791:
1790:
1788:
1785:
1782:
1779:
1777:
1774:
1773:
1771:
1769:
1765:
1759:
1756:
1754:
1751:
1749:
1746:
1744:
1741:
1740:
1738:
1736:
1732:
1726:
1723:
1721:
1718:
1716:
1713:
1711:
1708:
1706:
1703:
1701:
1698:
1696:
1693:
1691:
1688:
1683:
1679:
1678:
1677:
1674:
1672:
1669:
1667:
1664:
1662:
1659:
1657:
1654:
1652:
1649:
1644:
1640:
1637:
1633:
1630:
1626:
1625:
1624:
1621:
1619:
1616:
1615:
1613:
1611:
1607:
1599:
1596:
1594:
1591:
1590:
1589:
1586:
1581:
1579:
1576:
1575:
1574:
1571:
1570:
1568:
1566:
1562:
1558:
1547:
1546:
1544:
1542:
1538:
1531:
1528:
1525:
1522:
1519:
1516:
1513:
1510:
1507:
1504:
1501:
1498:
1495:
1494:
1492:
1490:
1486:
1477:
1473:
1472:
1471:
1468:
1463:
1459:
1456:
1452:
1451:
1450:
1449:Pedi/N. Sotho
1447:
1442:
1438:
1435:
1431:
1428:
1424:
1423:
1422:
1419:
1418:
1416:
1414:
1410:
1401:
1397:
1394:
1390:
1389:
1388:
1385:
1380:
1376:
1373:
1369:
1366:
1362:
1359:
1355:
1354:
1353:
1350:
1348:
1345:
1343:
1340:
1338:
1335:
1333:
1330:
1328:
1325:
1323:
1320:
1318:
1315:
1313:
1310:
1308:
1305:
1304:
1302:
1300:
1296:
1293:
1291:
1287:
1283:
1276:
1271:
1269:
1264:
1262:
1257:
1256:
1253:
1244:
1238:
1236:
1234:
1232:
1230:
1228:
1224:
1221:
1215:
1213:
1211:
1207:
1200:
1197:
1192:
1188:
1184:
1180:
1176:
1172:
1171:
1163:
1160:
1155:
1149:
1145:
1138:
1136:
1132:
1127:
1120:
1118:
1116:
1114:
1110:
1105:
1101:
1094:
1091:
1086:
1082:
1075:
1072:
1067:
1061:
1057:
1053:
1046:
1044:
1040:
1035:
1029:
1025:
1018:
1015:
1011:
1010:Mpondo people
1006:
1003:
998:
992:
988:
984:
983:
975:
973:
969:
964:
958:
954:
953:
945:
942:
936:
932:
929:
927:
924:
922:
919:
917:
914:
912:
909:
907:
904:
902:
899:
897:
894:
892:
889:
887:
884:
882:
879:
878:
874:
869:
868:Stella Sigcau
866:
863:
860:
857:
854:
853:
849:
844:
841:
838:
835:
832:
829:
826:
823:
820:
817:
814:
811:
810:
809:
802:
800:
793:
789:
785:
778:
776:
774:
766:
764:
760:
756:
749:
747:
743:
739:
735:
728:
726:
719:
717:
710:
708:
702:
697:
692:
689:
686:
683:
680:
677:
674:
671:
668:
665:
664:
663:
657:
654:
651:
648:
645:
642:
639:
636:
633:
630:
629:
628:
625:
618:
616:
610:
609:
608:
602:
601:
600:
594:
593:
592:
586:
585:
584:
578:
577:
576:
570:
569:
568:
562:
561:
560:
554:
553:
552:
547:King Sigcawu
546:
545:
544:
539:King Mqikela
538:
537:
536:
530:
529:
528:
522:
521:
520:
515:King Nyawuza
514:
513:
512:
506:
505:
504:
499:King Ndayeni
498:
497:
496:
490:
489:
488:
482:
481:
480:
474:
473:
472:
466:
465:
464:
458:
457:
456:
450:
449:
448:
442:
441:
440:
435:King Ncamane
434:
433:
432:
426:
425:
424:
418:
417:
416:
410:
409:
408:
402:
401:
400:
394:
393:
392:
386:
385:
384:
379:King Sithula
378:
377:
376:
370:
369:
368:
362:
361:
360:
354:
353:
352:
350:
345:
343:
338:
336:
332:
324:
322:
318:
309:
306:
298:
295:
292:
289:
288:
287:
284:
282:
278:
274:
263:
253:
249:
244:
240:
237:This section
235:
231:
226:
225:
219:
217:
215:
211:
207:
198:Ema-Mpondweni
197:
193:
189:
185:
181:
177:
173:
169:
164:
157:
156:Bantu peoples
153:
149:
145:
142:
138:
134:
130:
126:
121:
118:
114:
110:
105:
102:
98:
94:
89:
86:
74:
69:
64:
59:
55:(before 1864)
54:
48:
43:
30:
19:
1413:Sotho-Tswana
1199:
1174:
1168:
1162:
1153:0 621 021032
1143:
1125:
1103:
1093:
1084:
1074:
1051:
1023:
1017:
1005:
981:
951:
944:
881:Botha Sigcau
806:
797:
787:
770:
761:
757:
753:
744:
740:
736:
732:
723:
714:
706:
698:1960 revolts
687:Ama-Ngutyana
675:Ama-Khanyayo
661:
626:
622:
614:
606:
598:
590:
582:
574:
566:
558:
550:
542:
534:
526:
518:
510:
507:King Thahle
502:
494:
486:
478:
470:
462:
454:
446:
438:
430:
422:
414:
411:King Sukude
406:
398:
390:
387:King Mithwa
382:
374:
371:King Mpondo
366:
363:King Njanya
358:
346:
339:
328:
319:
315:
302:
285:
270:
257:
248:You can help
238:
214:Eastern Cape
209:
205:
203:
113:Christianity
85:South Africa
32:Ethnic group
29:
1826:Zimbabweans
1748:Cape Malays
1725:Zimbabweans
1695:Mozambicans
1598:Strandloper
1365:Gqunukhwebe
672:Ama-Ngcikwa
483:King Bhala
451:King Msiza
443:King Thobe
303:Mpondo and
1856:Pakistanis
1789:Gujaratis
1710:Portuguese
1700:Norwegians
1636:Cape Dutch
1623:Afrikaners
1312:Mpondomise
937:References
921:Mpondoland
531:King Faku
467:King Cabe
305:Mpondomise
210:Ama-Mpondo
208:or simply
182:Ama-Mpondo
133:Mpondomise
66:~5 million
39:Ama-Mpondo
36:Ama-Mpondo
1841:Nigerians
1735:Coloureds
1643:Huguenots
1502:N'walungu
987:Routledge
690:Ama-Ndunu
669:Ama-Mpisi
331:Flagstaff
260:June 2020
252:talk page
190:Isi-Xhosa
91:Languages
1876:Category
1846:Japanese
1690:Lebanese
1671:Italians
1651:Angolans
1588:Khoekhoe
1514:Hlanganu
1462:Mabelane
1455:Balobedu
1441:Batlokwa
1342:Ndwandwe
1204:.2007.51
1104:Analysis
1100:"Mpondo"
875:See also
678:Imi-Zizi
666:Ama-Yalo
187:Language
174:I-Mpondo
107:Religion
97:IsiXhosa
1851:Koreans
1836:Somalis
1831:Chinese
1768:Indians
1758:Oorlams
1753:Griquas
1656:Germans
1618:British
1496:Hlengwe
1434:Bataung
1427:Bakoena
1400:Khumalo
1358:Gcaleka
1327:Ndebele
1191:4006143
901:Ndamase
349:Kokstad
220:Origins
195:Country
101:English
1814:Others
1806:Koknis
1800:Surtis
1794:Memons
1776:Tamils
1661:Greeks
1610:Whites
1532:Thonga
1529:Ndzawu
1523:Dzonga
1517:Nhlave
1511:Rhonga
1505:Gwamba
1489:Tsonga
1476:Balete
1470:Tswana
1379:Xesibe
1347:Thembu
1189:
1150:
1062:
1030:
993:
959:
906:Sigcau
794:(2008)
792:Durban
788:Imfene
703:Causes
335:Libode
250:. The
179:People
171:Person
154:other
141:Xesibe
137:Thembu
82:
18:Mpondo
1821:Lemba
1783:Hindi
1720:Turks
1715:Serbs
1705:Poles
1666:Irish
1629:Boers
1578:ǃKung
1548:Ngona
1541:Venda
1508:Tswha
1393:Fingo
1372:Gaika
1352:Xhosa
1337:Swazi
1332:Pondo
1322:Hlubi
1317:Fengu
1307:Bhaca
1299:Nguni
1187:JSTOR
856:Gquma
773:Nguni
148:Hlubi
144:Swati
129:Xhosa
1861:Roma
1786:Urdu
1676:Jews
1593:Nama
1582:ǀXam
1563:and
1561:Khoi
1526:Copi
1520:Bila
1499:Xika
1387:Zulu
1148:ISBN
1060:ISBN
1028:ISBN
991:ISBN
957:ISBN
204:The
152:Zulu
53:Faku
1573:San
1565:San
1179:doi
1878::
1226:^
1209:^
1185:.
1175:21
1173:.
1146:.
1134:^
1112:^
1102:.
1083:.
1058:.
1054:.
1042:^
985:.
971:^
150:,
146:,
139:,
135:,
131:,
115:,
99:,
1274:e
1267:t
1260:v
1245:.
1193:.
1181::
1156:.
1106:.
1087:.
1068:.
1036:.
999:.
965:.
262:)
258:(
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
