Knowledge (XXG)

Nuclear Safety, Research, Demonstration, and Development Act of 1980

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2329: 348:(2) To reduce the likelihood of disrupting the population in the vicinity of nuclear power plants as the result of nuclear power plant accidents. Nothing in this Act shall be construed as preventing the Secretary from undertaking projects or activities, in addition to those specified in this Act, which appropriately further the purpose and objectives set forth in this Act. Nothing in this Act shall authorize the Secretary to assume responsibility for the management, cleanup or repair of any commercial nuclear power plant. Nothing in this Act shall be construed as limiting the authority of the Secretary under any other law. 27: 655:(a) The Secretary is authorized and directed to prepare a comprehensive program management plan for the conduct of research, development, and demonstration activities under this Act consistent with the provisions of the Program for Improving the Safety of Nuclear Power Plants. In the preparation of such plan, the Secretary shall consult with the Commission and the Advisory Committee and with the heads of such other Government agencies and such public and private organizations as the Secretary deems appropriate. 658:(b) The Secretary shall transmit the comprehensive program management plan along with any comments by the Commission on the plan to the Committee on Science and Technology of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources and the Committee on Environment and Public Works of the Senate within twelve months after the date of the enactment of this Act. Revisions to the plan shall be transmitted to such committees whenever deemed appropriate by the Secretary. 555:(a) The Secretary, in consultation with the Commission and the Advisory Committee, shall initiate a study of the need for and feasibility of establishing a reactor engineering simulator facility at a national laboratory, for the primary purpose of fostering research in generic design improvements and simplifications through the simulation of the performance of various types of light water reactors under a wide variety of abnormal conditions and postulated accident conditions. 532:, and industry as the Secretary deems appropriate to utilize their expertise, to minimize duplication of effort, and to ensure that information useful for improved concepts applicable to nuclear power plant safety can be applied in a timely manner. The Secretary may enter into agreements and memoranda of understanding to accomplish these ends, but no such agreement shall have the effect of delaying the development and implementation of programs authorized under this Act 661:(c) Concurrently with the submission of the President's annual budget to the Congress for each year after the year in which the comprehensive plan is initially transmitted under subsection (b), the Secretary shall transmit to the Congress a detailed description of the comprehensive plan as then in effect. The detailed description of the comprehensive plan under this subsection shall include, but need not be limited to, a statement setting forth any change in — 2266: 2293: 2305: 2317: 891: 879: 342:(b) It is declared to be the policy of the United States and the purpose of this Act to establish a research, development, and demonstration program for developing practical improvements in the generic safety of nuclear power plants during the next five years, beginning in the fiscal year 1981. The objectives of such program shall be — 337:(4) A proper role of the Federal Government in assuring nuclear powerplant safety, in addition to its regulatory function, is the conduct of a research, development, and demonstration program to provide important scientific and technical information which can contribute to sound design and safe operation of these plants. 405:(1) Refine further the assessment of risk factors associated with the generic design and operation of nuclear power plants to determine the degree and consequences of propagation of failures of systems, subsystems, and components, including consideration of the interaction between the primary and secondary systems 678:
Such description shall also include a detailed justification of any such changes, a description of the progress made toward achieving the goals of this Act, a statement on the status of interagency cooperation in meeting such goals, and any legislative or other recommendations which the Secretary may
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Secretary shall assure that full and complete safety related information resulting from any project or other activity conducted under this Act is made available in a timely manner to appropriate committees of Congress, Federal, State, and local authorities, relevant segments of private industry, the
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Using historical electricity production data and mortality and emission factors from the peer-reviewed scientific literature, we found that despite the three major nuclear accidents the world has experienced, nuclear power prevented an average of over 1.8 million net deaths worldwide between
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Project 78-3-b, authorized by section 102 of Public Law 95-238, the fusion materials irradiation test facility, is hereby designated as the "Mike McCormack Fusion Materials Test Facility". Any reference in any law, regulation, map, record, or other document of the United States to the fusion
599:(a) The Secretary, in cooperation with the Nuclear Regulatory Commission, shall initiate a study as to the sufficiency of efforts in the United States to provide specially trained professionals to operate the controls of nuclear power plants and other facilities in the back-end of the 584:(c) The Secretary shall, by January 1, 1982, submit to the Committee on Science and Technology of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources of the Senate a report characterizing the study and the resulting conclusions and recommendations. 433:(5) Conduct further experimental investigations under abnormal operational and postulated accident conditions primarily for light water reactors to determine the consequences of such conditions. These investigations shall include, but not be limited to the following : 375:, or any corporation, wholly or partly owned by the United States, which is an instrumentality of the United States, or any board, bureau, division, service, office, officer, authority, administration, or other establishment in the executive branch of the Federal Government 331:(2) Continued development of nuclear power is dependent upon maintaining an extremely high level of safety in the operation of nuclear plants, and on public recognition that these facilities do not constitute a significant threat to human health or safety. 505:(6) Provide for the examination and analysis of any nuclear power plant fuel, component, or system which the Secretary deems to offer significant benefit in safety analysis and which is made available to the Secretary for a nominal cost, such as $ 1: 1587: 535:(3) Shall utilize, to the extent feasible, underutilized federally owned research reactors and facilities, along with the associated personnel, to maintain existing capabilities and to ensure that the research is generic in nature 524:
or revise existing memoranda for the purpose of eliminating unnecessary duplication and avoiding programmatic conflict with any reactor safety research program of the Commission, including the Improved Safety Systems Research
1458: 603:. In carrying out the study, the Secretary shall coordinate activities with the ongoing programs of the utility industry and other Federal governmental agencies for obtaining high standards of operator performance. 1274: 427:(3) Develop potentially cost beneficial generic methods and designs that will significantly improve the performance of operators of nuclear power plants under routine, abnormal, and accident conditions 191: 187: 1433: 1293: 1923: 1257: 1811: 1779: 37:
An Act to provide for an accelerated and coordinated program of light water nuclear reactor safety research, development and demonstration, to be carried out by the Department of Energy.
284: 1138: 1133: 624:(c) The Secretary shall complete the study within one year after the date of enactment of this Act and shall submit a report along with the Secretary's recommendations to the Congress. 402:(a) The Secretary shall establish a research, development, and demonstration program to carry out the purpose of this Act. As part of such program, the Secretary shall at a minimum — 1986: 1392: 1318: 609:(1) In conducting the study the Secretary shall assess the desirability and feasibility of creating a Federal Corps of such professionals to inspect and supervise such operations 1654: 785: 1247: 2006: 1649: 1463: 1341: 448: 2379: 2041: 1192: 2374: 1637: 1155: 512:(7) Identify the aptitudes, training, and manning levels which are necessary to assure reliable operator performance under normal, abnormal, and emergency conditions. 1607: 1160: 334:(3) It is the responsibility of utilities, as owners and operators of nuclear powerplants, to assure that such plants are designed and operated safely and reliably. 1128: 1123: 1118: 765: 2359: 328:(1) Nuclear energy is one of the two major energy sources available for electric energy production in the United States during the balance of the 20th century. 430:(4) Identify the effect of total or partial automation of generic plant systems on reactor safety, operation, reliability, economics, and operator performance 2364: 1954: 1806: 1774: 1505: 1666: 1358: 1227: 538:(4) Shall make such recommendations as are practical to minimize the complexity of nuclear power plant systems, including secondary systems, and operations 372: 707:
There have been studies that indicate nuclear energy may be one of the safest methods of energy production, resulting in a net decrease in human deaths.
664:(1) The program strategies and plans, including detailed milestone goals to be achieved during the next fiscal year for all major activities and projects 1627: 1597: 1520: 1167: 1485: 1826: 1794: 1363: 1351: 1182: 2061: 1821: 1801: 1789: 1769: 1570: 1113: 1103: 1094: 1055: 750: 509:
That the Secretary shall accept only the number of samples of such fuel, component, or system necessary to carry out such examination and analysis
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There is authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary to carry out this Act such sums as may be authorized by legislation hereafter enacted.
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was passed by the 96th U.S. Congressional session and enacted by the 39th President of the United States Jimmy Carter on December 22, 1980.
2369: 2354: 1543: 725: 2056: 2384: 1904: 1816: 1784: 1753: 1748: 1413: 1380: 1145: 775: 1970: 1538: 1530: 1453: 1448: 272: 137: 124: 1733: 950:"President's Commission on the Accident at Three Mile Island: Remarks on Receiving the Commission's Final Report - October 30, 1979" 755: 517:(b) In carrying out the generic safety research, development, and demonstration program established under this Act, the Secretary — 852: 2389: 2117: 1495: 1480: 1346: 564:(2) The extent to which such a facility would further the generic safety research and development program established by this Act 173: 2122: 1882: 1855: 1842: 1721: 1716: 1711: 1706: 1288: 105: 97: 1947: 1686: 1473: 1408: 1177: 1058: 883: 770: 487: 1210: 698:
materials irradiation test facility shall be considered a reference to the "Mike McCormack Fusion Materials Test Facility".
2349: 2021: 1696: 1617: 379: 2283: 1217: 673:(4) The estimated relative financial contributions of the Federal Government and non-Federal participants in the program. 1931: 1914: 1691: 1515: 1438: 1298: 1172: 1108: 1066: 570:(4) The opportunities for cost sharing by nongovernmental entities in the construction and operation of such a facility 408:(2) Develop potentially cost beneficial changes in the generic design and operation of nuclear power plants that can — 1553: 521: 169: 67: 895: 573:(5) The importance of such a facility in emergencies to limit the extent of any future nuclear power plant excursions 2077: 2036: 1661: 1612: 1428: 1150: 1089: 1027: 963:"Report of the President's Commission on the Accident at Three Mile Island: The Need for Change, The Legacy of TMI" 795: 392:
Establishment of Research, Development, and Demonstration Program for Improving the Safety of Nuclear Power Plants
2321: 2185: 2135: 1872: 1490: 790: 612:(2) The assessment shall consider the establishment of an academy to train Corps professionals in all aspects of 463: 385: 26: 2173: 1642: 1468: 1418: 926:"Government Operations: Areas Around Nuclear Facilities Should Be Better Prepared for Radiological Emergencies" 529: 1894: 497: 455: 558:(b) In performing the study, the Secretary shall consider relevant factors including, but not limited to — 2097: 1962: 780: 252: 2269: 2209: 2191: 1939: 1443: 1387: 1375: 1303: 1232: 1020: 459: 292: 371:(2) "Government agency" means any department, agency, commission, or independent establishment in the 2197: 2031: 1860: 1237: 1077: 576:(6) The potential for international cooperation in the establishment and operation of such a facility 437: 268: 90: 2203: 2141: 2129: 2026: 1560: 1548: 1510: 1280: 1222: 1069: 949: 820: 528:(2) Shall, to the extent practical, coordinate his activities with such other Government agencies, 260: 244: 988: 975: 1899: 1701: 1205: 735: 613: 600: 469: 419: 177: 131: 837: 384:(4) "Advisory Committee" means the Advisory Committee on reactor safeguards established by the 206: 2051: 2016: 1978: 1500: 936: 913: 903:"Energy: Better Oversight Needed for Safety and Health Activities at DOE's Nuclear Facilities" 760: 345:(1) To reduce the likelihood and severity of potentially serious nuclear power plant accidents 165: 2083: 264: 150: 2233: 2167: 2149: 1622: 1262: 1252: 1200: 280: 276: 248: 962: 860: 141: 561:(1) The potential advantages that would accrue from the establishment of such a facility 520:(1) Shall coordinate with the Commission and, to the extent necessary, enter into a new 2333: 1565: 1242: 800: 740: 567:(3) The extent to which such a facility can be established by nongovernmental entities 2343: 2309: 2255: 1850: 826:. 92 Stat. 47 ~ Senate Bill 1340. U.S. Government Printing Office. February 25, 1978. 667:(2) The economic, environmental, and societal significance which the program may have 283:
demonstration study while establishing a reactor engineering simulator facility at a
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within the United States. The Act authorized a five-year demonstration program
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Solar Photovoltaic Energy Research, Development, and Demonstration Act of 1978
956:. Washington, D.C.: National Archives and Records Service. pp. 2062–2063. 925: 476: 296: 256: 976:"Executive Order 12202 - Nuclear Safety Oversight Committee - March 18, 1980" 2304: 1632: 982:. Washington, D.C.: National Archives and Records Service. pp. 504–506. 616:, nuclear operations, nuclear regulatory and related law, and health science 940: 917: 902: 890: 878: 480: 821:"Department of Energy Act of 1978 — Civilian Applications - P.L. 95-238" 109: 1459:
Financial Institutions Regulatory and Interest Rate Control Act of 1978
995:. Washington, D.C.: National Archives and Records Service. p. 849. 42: 441: 1583:
Nuclear Safety, Research, Demonstration, and Development Act of 1980
859:. U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Archived from 838:"S. 1340 ~ Department of Energy Act of 1978 — Civilian Applications" 241:
Nuclear Safety, Research, Demonstration, and Development Act of 1980
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Nuclear Safety, Research, Demonstration, and Development Act of 1980
287:. The nuclear safety demonstration program was to provide research 579:(7) The appropriate national laboratory for siting such a facility 411:(A) Significantly reduce the risks from unintentional release of 368:(1) "Secretary" means the Secretary of U.S. Department of Energy 288: 1016: 1012: 291:
regarding reactor design and simplification improvements given
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from the various engineered barriers of nuclear power plants
840:. P.L. 95-238 ~ 92 Stat. 47. Congress.gov. April 21, 1977. 422:
exposure to workers during plant operation and maintenance
243:, 42 U.S.C. § 9701, established nuclear safety policy for 935:. U.S. Government Accountability Office. March 30, 1979. 912:. U.S. Government Accountability Office. August 4, 1981. 215:
on December 12, 1980 (passed) with further amendment
670:(3) The total estimated cost of individual program items 853:"Coal and Gas are Far More Harmful than Nuclear Power" 2281: 1655:
Office of Surface Mining Reclamation and Enforcement
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Nuclear Safety Research and Development Act of 1980
54: 41: 33: 1650:Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act of 1977 1464:Federal Financial Institutions Examination Council 1002:"Chernobyl Is a Warning to Improve Nuclear Safety" 2042:United Nations Prize in the Field of Human Rights 1638:Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry 1608:Alaska National Interest Lands Conservation Act 851:Kharecha, Pushker; Hansen, James (April 2013). 786:Price–Anderson Nuclear Industries Indemnity Act 712: 205:on September 26, 1980 (passed, in lieu of 766:Nuclear reactor accidents in the United States 263:for the observation of control monitoring and 1028: 299:calamity and customary operating conditions. 8: 1506:Tax Reduction and Simplification Act of 1977 1393:U.S. Department of Health and Human Services 19: 1667:Uranium Mill Tailings Radiation Control Act 1359:Cooperative Forestry Assistance Act of 1978 1228:International Emergency Economic Powers Act 710:According to an article published by NASA, 475:(E) Mechanisms to suppress and control the 373:United States federal executive departments 295:simulations subjecting nuclear reactors to 125:42 U.S.C.: Public Health and Social Welfare 1738: 1188: 1035: 1021: 1013: 1628:Endangered Species Act Amendments of 1978 1521:Crude Oil Windfall Profit Tax Act of 1980 1258:Support for Iraq during the Iran-Iraq War 2380:United States federal energy legislation 1866:Jimmy & Rosalynn Carter Work Project 1662:Three Mile Island accident investigation 1364:Department of Education Organization Act 629:Reports and Dissemination of Information 454:(C) Fuel and cladding interactions with 2375:Nuclear technology in the United States 2288: 1571:National Energy Conservation Policy Act 812: 751:High-level radioactive waste management 1576:Public Utility Regulatory Policies Act 961:Kemeny Commission (October 30, 1979). 545:National Reactor Engineering Simulator 500:release and transport from failed fuel 18: 2092:Jimmy Carter National Historical Park 1878:Jimmy Carter National Historical Park 1326:Nuclear Non-Proliferation Act of 1978 1314:Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act 948:Carter, Jimmy E. (October 30, 1979). 645:Comprehensive Program Management Plan 640:scientific community, and the public. 7: 2360:Nuclear history of the United States 1544:Federal Energy Regulatory Commission 1486:Humphrey–Hawkins Full Employment Act 726:Boiling water reactor safety systems 493:(G) Engineered barrier failure modes 2365:Nuclear energy in the United States 1905:Continuity of Government Commission 1414:Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1980 1381:Federal Emergency Management Agency 974:Carter, Jimmy E. (March 18, 1980). 857:Goddard Institute for Space Studies 776:Nuclear safety in the United States 192:Senate Energy and Natural Resources 1971:We Can Have Peace in the Holy Land 1454:Federal Reserve Reform Act of 1977 1449:Fair Debt Collection Practices Act 1268:Iran–United States Claims Tribunal 606:(b) For the purpose of this Act — 221:on December 13, 1980 (agreed) 14: 1248:Engagement with Ruhollah Khomeini 756:International Nuclear Event Scale 285:United States national laboratory 213:Senate agreed to Senate amendment 2327: 2315: 2303: 2291: 2265: 2264: 1618:Clean Air Act Amendments of 1977 1496:National Aquaculture Act of 1980 1481:Food and Agriculture Act of 1977 1347:Civil Service Reform Act of 1978 987:Carter, Jimmy E. (May 7, 1980). 889: 877: 589:Federal Nuclear Operations Corps 219:House agreed to Senate amendment 199:on August 25, 1980 (passed) 25: 2057:Carter–Menil Human Rights Prize 1883:Jimmy and Rosalynn Carter House 1856:Presidential Library and Museum 1289:Strategic Arms Limitation Talks 1275:Diplomatic relations with China 684:Authorization of Appropriations 1948:Palestine: Peace Not Apartheid 1474:Right to Financial Privacy Act 1409:Agricultural Trade Act of 1978 1178:Solar power at the White House 1059:President of the United States 771:Nuclear reactor safety systems 679:have to help attain such goal. 365:For the purposes of this Act — 1: 2145:(2002 television documentary) 2022:Presidential Medal of Freedom 703:Nuclear Energy Safety History 380:Nuclear Regulatory Commission 2098:Georgia State Capitol statue 1516:Trade Agreements Act of 1979 1439:Electronic Fund Transfer Act 1369:U.S. Department of Education 1299:1980 Summer Olympics boycott 689:42 U.S.C. Chapter 104 § 9708 650:42 U.S.C. Chapter 104 § 9707 634:42 U.S.C. Chapter 104 § 9706 594:42 U.S.C. Chapter 104 § 9705 550:42 U.S.C. Chapter 104 § 9704 490:for monitoring reactor cores 472:behavior in the reactor core 397:42 U.S.C. Chapter 104 § 9703 360:42 U.S.C. Chapter 104 § 9702 320:42 U.S.C. Chapter 104 § 9701 261:light water nuclear reactors 188:House Science and Technology 2370:Nuclear safety and security 2355:96th United States Congress 2236:(first cousin once removed) 1554:Synthetic Fuels Corporation 1008:. Cambridge, Massachusetts. 1000:Ris, Howard (May 7, 1986). 969:. New York: Pergamon Press. 522:memorandum of understanding 378:(3) "Commission" means the 68:96th United States Congress 2406: 2385:Presidency of Jimmy Carter 2078:Jimmy Carter Peanut Statue 2037:Philadelphia Liberty Medal 1702:State of the Union Address 1613:Antarctic Conservation Act 1429:Community Reinvestment Act 796:Three Mile Island accident 325:(a) Congress finds that — 2243: 1539:U.S. Department of Energy 1491:Motor Carrier Act of 1980 1211:Egypt–Israel peace treaty 1050: 791:Reactor protection system 386:Atomic Energy Act of 1954 273:U.S. Department of Energy 157: 24: 1643:National Priorities List 1469:National security letter 1419:Airline Deregulation Act 1352:Senior Executive Service 1218:Torrijos–Carter Treaties 440:at higher than standard 315:Congressional Objectives 2390:1980 in the environment 1955:reaction and commentary 1895:Nairobi Agreement, 1999 1687:Moral Equivalent of War 1623:Clean Water Act of 1977 498:Nuclear fission product 310:Proclamation of the Act 184:Committee consideration 1963:Beyond the White House 1812:running mate selection 1780:running mate selection 1697:A Crisis of Confidence 781:Passive nuclear safety 717: 275:was authorized by the 253:electricity generation 2210:Ruth Carter Stapleton 2192:James Earl Carter Sr. 1940:Our Endangered Values 1444:Executive Order 12086 1388:Executive Order 12172 1376:Executive Order 12148 1304:Executive Order 12036 1233:Executive Order 12170 1156:Judicial appointments 1078:Georgia State Senator 933:U.S. GAO ~ EMD-78-110 910:U.S. GAO ~ EMD-81-108 293:thermal power station 269:nuclear reactor cores 2350:1980 in American law 2198:Lillian Gordy Carter 2032:Silver Buffalo Award 1861:Habitat for Humanity 1238:Operation Eagle Claw 898:at Wikimedia Commons 886:at Wikimedia Commons 884:Nuclear power plants 438:Fuel element failure 413:radioactive material 245:nuclear power plants 231:on December 22, 1980 2204:Gloria Carter Spann 2027:Freedom of the City 1692:Island of Stability 1561:National Energy Act 1549:Energy Security Act 1511:Revenue Act of 1978 1294:International trips 1281:Goldwater v. Carter 1223:Iran hostage crisis 1146:Political positions 1070:Governor of Georgia 530:foreign governments 151:Legislative history 21: 2322:Nuclear technology 2153:(2007 documentary) 1924:Everything to Gain 1900:One America Appeal 1206:Camp David Accords 736:Chernobyl disaster 614:nuclear technology 601:nuclear fuel cycle 507:Provided, however. 180:) on July 30, 1980 2279: 2278: 2052:Christopher Award 2017:Nobel Peace Prize 1979:White House Diary 1932:The Hornet's Nest 1837: 1836: 1675: 1674: 1501:Staggers Rail Act 1183:Reagan transition 1168:Executive Actions 894:Media related to 882:Media related to 761:Nuclear licensing 267:of operation for 238: 237: 203:Passed the Senate 99:Statutes at Large 77:December 22, 1980 16:United States law 2397: 2332: 2331: 2320: 2319: 2318: 2308: 2307: 2296: 2295: 2287: 2268: 2267: 1987:A Call to Action 1739: 1189: 1081: 1073: 1062: 1037: 1030: 1023: 1014: 1009: 996: 993:Internet Archive 983: 980:Internet Archive 970: 967:Internet Archive 957: 954:Internet Archive 944: 930: 921: 907: 896:Nuclear reactors 893: 881: 865: 864: 848: 842: 841: 834: 828: 827: 825: 817: 470:Thermohydraulics 259:conditions with 209:) with amendment 197:Passed the House 164:in the House as 153: 134:sections created 100: 47: 29: 22: 2405: 2404: 2400: 2399: 2398: 2396: 2395: 2394: 2340: 2339: 2338: 2326: 2316: 2314: 2302: 2290: 2282: 2280: 2275: 2256:Ronald Reagan → 2239: 2234:Hugh Carter Jr. 2168:Rosalynn Carter 2156: 2150:Man from Plains 2103: 2066: 2008: 2001: 1909: 1843:Post-presidency 1833: 1758: 1728: 1671: 1599: 1592: 1525: 1402:Economic policy 1397: 1342:Cannabis policy 1335:Domestic policy 1330: 1263:Algiers Accords 1253:1979 oil crisis 1201:Carter Doctrine 1187: 1173:Rabbit incident 1092: 1084: 1076: 1065: 1054: 1046: 1041: 999: 986: 973: 960: 947: 928: 924: 905: 901: 874: 869: 868: 850: 849: 845: 836: 835: 831: 823: 819: 818: 814: 809: 722: 705: 686: 647: 631: 591: 547: 488:instrumentation 418:(B) Reduce the 394: 357: 317: 312: 281:nuclear reactor 279:to conduct the 277:Act of Congress 249:electric energy 234: 225:Signed into law 149: 98: 63:Enacted by 45: 17: 12: 11: 5: 2403: 2401: 2393: 2392: 2387: 2382: 2377: 2372: 2367: 2362: 2357: 2352: 2342: 2341: 2337: 2336: 2324: 2312: 2300: 2277: 2276: 2274: 2273: 2260: 2259: 2252: 2244: 2241: 2240: 2238: 2237: 2231: 2225: 2219: 2213: 2207: 2201: 2195: 2189: 2183: 2177: 2171: 2164: 2162: 2158: 2157: 2155: 2154: 2146: 2138: 2133: 2127: 2126: 2125: 2120: 2111: 2109: 2105: 2104: 2102: 2101: 2095: 2089: 2081: 2074: 2072: 2068: 2067: 2065: 2064: 2059: 2054: 2049: 2044: 2039: 2034: 2029: 2024: 2019: 2013: 2011: 2003: 2002: 2000: 1999: 1991: 1983: 1975: 1967: 1959: 1958: 1957: 1944: 1936: 1928: 1919: 1917: 1911: 1910: 1908: 1907: 1902: 1897: 1892: 1887: 1886: 1885: 1875: 1870: 1869: 1868: 1858: 1853: 1847: 1845: 1839: 1838: 1835: 1834: 1832: 1831: 1830: 1829: 1824: 1819: 1814: 1809: 1799: 1798: 1797: 1792: 1787: 1782: 1777: 1766: 1764: 1760: 1759: 1757: 1756: 1751: 1745: 1743: 1736: 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146: 145: 144:§ 9701 et seq. 135: 128: 127: 122: 121:Titles amended 118: 117: 113: 112: 102: 94: 93: 88: 84: 83: 79: 78: 75: 71: 70: 64: 60: 59: 56: 52: 51: 48: 39: 38: 35: 31: 30: 15: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 2402: 2391: 2388: 2386: 2383: 2381: 2378: 2376: 2373: 2371: 2368: 2366: 2363: 2361: 2358: 2356: 2353: 2351: 2348: 2347: 2345: 2335: 2330: 2325: 2323: 2313: 2311: 2306: 2301: 2299: 2294: 2289: 2285: 2272: 2271: 2262: 2261: 2258: 2257: 2253: 2251: 2250: 2249:← Gerald Ford 2246: 2245: 2242: 2235: 2232: 2229: 2226: 2223: 2220: 2217: 2214: 2211: 2208: 2205: 2202: 2199: 2196: 2193: 2190: 2187: 2184: 2181: 2178: 2175: 2172: 2169: 2166: 2165: 2163: 2159: 2152: 2151: 2147: 2144: 2143: 2139: 2137: 2134: 2131: 2128: 2124: 2121: 2119: 2116: 2115: 2113: 2112: 2110: 2106: 2099: 2096: 2093: 2090: 2088: 2087: 2082: 2079: 2076: 2075: 2073: 2069: 2063: 2060: 2058: 2055: 2053: 2050: 2048: 2045: 2043: 2040: 2038: 2035: 2033: 2030: 2028: 2025: 2023: 2020: 2018: 2015: 2014: 2012: 2010: 2004: 1997: 1996: 1992: 1989: 1988: 1984: 1981: 1980: 1976: 1973: 1972: 1968: 1965: 1964: 1960: 1956: 1953: 1952: 1950: 1949: 1945: 1942: 1941: 1937: 1934: 1933: 1929: 1926: 1925: 1921: 1920: 1918: 1916: 1912: 1906: 1903: 1901: 1898: 1896: 1893: 1891: 1888: 1884: 1881: 1880: 1879: 1876: 1874: 1871: 1867: 1864: 1863: 1862: 1859: 1857: 1854: 1852: 1851:Carter Center 1849: 1848: 1846: 1844: 1840: 1828: 1825: 1823: 1820: 1818: 1815: 1813: 1810: 1808: 1805: 1804: 1803: 1802:1980 campaign 1800: 1796: 1793: 1791: 1788: 1786: 1783: 1781: 1778: 1776: 1773: 1772: 1771: 1770:1976 campaign 1768: 1767: 1765: 1761: 1755: 1752: 1750: 1747: 1746: 1744: 1742:Gubernatorial 1740: 1737: 1735: 1731: 1723: 1720: 1718: 1715: 1713: 1710: 1708: 1705: 1704: 1703: 1700: 1698: 1695: 1693: 1690: 1688: 1685: 1684: 1682: 1678: 1668: 1665: 1663: 1660: 1656: 1653: 1652: 1651: 1648: 1644: 1641: 1639: 1636: 1635: 1634: 1631: 1629: 1626: 1624: 1621: 1619: 1616: 1614: 1611: 1609: 1606: 1605: 1603: 1601: 1598:Environmental 1595: 1589: 1586: 1584: 1581: 1577: 1574: 1572: 1569: 1567: 1564: 1563: 1562: 1559: 1555: 1552: 1551: 1550: 1547: 1545: 1542: 1540: 1537: 1536: 1534: 1532: 1531:Energy policy 1528: 1522: 1519: 1517: 1514: 1512: 1509: 1507: 1504: 1502: 1499: 1497: 1494: 1492: 1489: 1487: 1484: 1482: 1479: 1475: 1472: 1470: 1467: 1465: 1462: 1461: 1460: 1457: 1455: 1452: 1450: 1447: 1445: 1442: 1440: 1437: 1435: 1432: 1430: 1427: 1425: 1422: 1420: 1417: 1415: 1412: 1410: 1407: 1406: 1404: 1400: 1394: 1391: 1389: 1386: 1382: 1379: 1378: 1377: 1374: 1370: 1367: 1366: 1365: 1362: 1360: 1357: 1353: 1350: 1349: 1348: 1345: 1343: 1340: 1339: 1337: 1333: 1327: 1324: 1320: 1317: 1316: 1315: 1312: 1310: 1307: 1305: 1302: 1300: 1297: 1295: 1292: 1290: 1287: 1283: 1282: 1278: 1277: 1276: 1273: 1269: 1266: 1264: 1261: 1259: 1256: 1254: 1251: 1249: 1246: 1244: 1241: 1239: 1236: 1234: 1231: 1229: 1226: 1225: 1224: 1221: 1219: 1216: 1212: 1209: 1208: 1207: 1204: 1202: 1199: 1198: 1196: 1194: 1190: 1184: 1181: 1179: 1176: 1174: 1171: 1169: 1166: 1162: 1161:controversies 1159: 1158: 1157: 1154: 1152: 1149: 1147: 1144: 1140: 1137: 1135: 1132: 1130: 1127: 1125: 1122: 1120: 1117: 1116: 1115: 1112: 1110: 1107: 1105: 1102: 1101: 1099: 1096: 1091: 1087: 1079: 1075: 1071: 1068: 1064: 1060: 1057: 1053: 1052: 1049: 1045: 1038: 1033: 1031: 1026: 1024: 1019: 1018: 1015: 1007: 1003: 998: 994: 990: 985: 981: 977: 972: 968: 964: 959: 955: 951: 946: 942: 938: 934: 927: 923: 919: 915: 911: 904: 900: 897: 892: 888: 885: 880: 876: 875: 871: 862: 858: 854: 847: 844: 839: 833: 830: 822: 816: 813: 806: 802: 799: 797: 794: 792: 789: 787: 784: 782: 779: 777: 774: 772: 769: 767: 764: 762: 759: 757: 754: 752: 749: 747: 744: 742: 739: 737: 734: 732: 729: 727: 724: 723: 719: 716: 711: 708: 702: 696: 693: 692: 691: 690: 683: 677: 672: 669: 666: 663: 662: 660: 657: 654: 653: 652: 651: 644: 638: 637: 636: 635: 628: 623: 618: 615: 611: 608: 607: 605: 602: 598: 597: 596: 595: 588: 583: 578: 575: 572: 569: 566: 563: 560: 559: 557: 554: 553: 552: 551: 544: 537: 534: 531: 527: 523: 519: 518: 516: 511: 508: 504: 499: 495: 492: 489: 486:(F) Improved 485: 482: 478: 474: 471: 467: 465: 461: 457: 453: 450: 449:Fuel cladding 446: 443: 439: 435: 434: 432: 429: 426: 421: 417: 414: 410: 409: 407: 404: 403: 401: 400: 399: 398: 391: 387: 383: 381: 377: 374: 370: 367: 364: 363: 362: 361: 354: 347: 344: 343: 341: 336: 333: 330: 327: 326: 324: 323: 322: 321: 314: 309: 307: 305: 300: 298: 294: 290: 286: 282: 278: 274: 270: 266: 262: 258: 254: 250: 246: 242: 230: 227:by President 226: 223: 220: 217: 214: 211: 208: 204: 201: 198: 195: 193: 189: 185: 182: 179: 175: 171: 167: 163: 160: 159: 156: 152: 147: 143: 139: 136: 133: 129: 126: 123: 119: 114: 111: 107: 103: 101: 95: 92: 89: 85: 80: 76: 72: 69: 65: 61: 57: 53: 50:NSRDDA, NSRDA 49: 44: 40: 36: 32: 28: 23: 2263: 2254: 2247: 2222:Emily Dolvin 2216:Billy Carter 2186:Jason Carter 2148: 2142:Jimmy Carter 2140: 2136:UFO incident 2086:Jimmy Carter 2085: 2062:Grammy Award 2047:Hoover Medal 1993: 1985: 1977: 1969: 1961: 1946: 1938: 1930: 1922: 1763:Presidential 1582: 1424:Carter bonds 1279: 1139:January 1981 1109:Inauguration 1044:Jimmy Carter 1005: 992: 979: 966: 953: 932: 909: 861:the original 856: 846: 832: 815: 713: 709: 706: 688: 687: 649: 648: 633: 632: 593: 592: 549: 548: 506: 460:temperatures 451:interactions 396: 395: 359: 358: 319: 318: 301: 297:hypothesized 240: 239: 229:Jimmy Carter 224: 218: 212: 207:S. 2884 202: 196: 183: 161: 116:Codification 46:(colloquial) 2228:Hugh Carter 2174:Jack Carter 2130:Mary Prince 2114:Residences 1995:A Full Life 1890:White House 1309:Refugee Act 1080:(1963–1967) 1072:(1971–1975) 1061:(1977–1981) 746:Control rod 731:Caesium-137 355:Definitions 304:legislation 2344:Categories 2188:(grandson) 2182:(daughter) 2180:Amy Carter 2118:Birthplace 2009:and honors 1873:The Elders 1817:convention 1785:convention 1319:FISA Court 1104:Transition 1090:Presidency 807:References 715:1971-2009. 477:generation 257:simulating 247:supplying 162:Introduced 87:Public law 34:Long title 2218:(brother) 2084:USS  1807:primaries 1775:primaries 1734:Elections 1633:Superfund 1434:DIDMC Act 464:pressures 420:radiation 138:42 U.S.C. 82:Citations 74:Effective 55:Nicknames 2270:Category 2230:(cousin) 2212:(sister) 2206:(sister) 2200:(mother) 2194:(father) 1827:election 1795:election 1680:Speeches 1114:Timeline 1095:timeline 720:See also 481:hydrogen 104:94  43:Acronyms 2334:Physics 2284:Portals 2132:(nanny) 2108:Related 1951:(2006) 1822:debates 1790:debates 1151:Cabinet 941:4865722 918:8011248 525:program 456:coolant 442:burn-up 142:ch. 104 2310:Energy 2224:(aunt) 2170:(wife) 2161:Family 2100:(1994) 2094:(1987) 2080:(1976) 2071:Legacy 2007:Awards 1998:(2015) 1990:(2014) 1982:(2010) 1974:(2009) 1966:(2007) 1943:(2006) 1935:(2003) 1927:(1987) 1600:policy 939:  916:  444:levels 271:. The 265:phases 132:U.S.C. 108:  91:96-567 2298:1980s 2176:(son) 1915:Books 929:(PDF) 906:(PDF) 824:(PDF) 140: 106:Stat. 2123:Home 1754:1970 1749:1966 1722:1981 1717:1980 1712:1979 1707:1978 1134:1980 1129:1979 1124:1978 1119:1977 1067:76th 1056:39th 937:OCLC 914:OCLC 496:(H) 468:(D) 462:and 447:(B) 436:(A) 289:data 251:and 110:3329 66:the 483:gas 479:of 186:by 168:by 2346:: 1004:. 991:. 978:. 965:. 952:. 931:. 908:. 855:. 190:, 178:WA 2286:: 1097:) 1093:( 1036:e 1029:t 1022:v 943:. 920:. 176:– 174:D 172:(

Index

Great Seal of the United States
Acronyms
96th United States Congress
96-567
Statutes at Large
Stat.
3329
42 U.S.C.: Public Health and Social Welfare
U.S.C.
42 U.S.C.
ch. 104
Legislative history
H.R. 7865
Mike McCormack
D
WA
House Science and Technology
Senate Energy and Natural Resources
S. 2884
Jimmy Carter
nuclear power plants
electric energy
electricity generation
simulating
light water nuclear reactors
phases
nuclear reactor cores
U.S. Department of Energy
Act of Congress
nuclear reactor

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