62:
354:
409:
276:
44:
389:
727:
284:
1188:
Madeo, Marianna; Carrisi, Chiara; Iacopetta, Domenico; Capobianco, Loredana; Cappello, Anna Rita; Bucci, Cecilia; Palmieri, Ferdinando; Mazzeo, Giancarlo; Montalto, Anna (23 July 2009). "Abundant expression and purification of biologically active mitochondrial citrate carrier in baculovirus-infected
484:
It is produced in both early and late phases of the infection cycle with a maximal rate of synthesis occurring in 24–26 h after infection. Trimerization with intermolecular cysteine-bonds seems to be a crucial step for protein transport to cell surface, since only 33% of synthesized protein reaches
379:
When infecting a caterpillar, the advanced stages of infection cause the host to feed without resting, and then to climb to the higher parts of trees, including exposed places they would normally avoid due to the risk of predators. This is an advantage for the virus since (when the host dissolves)
375:
While BV is produced in the late phase, the ODV form is produced in the very late phase, acquiring the envelope from host cell nucleus and embedded in the matrix of occlusion body protein. These occlusion bodies are released when cells lyse to further spread baculovirus infection to next host. The
488:
Gp64 is essential for efficient budding of the virion and for the cell-to-cell transmission during the infection cycle, as well as viral entry, i.e. causing viral trophism and endosome-mediated uptake to the cell. The major function of the gp64 envelope protein is to cause the pH-mediated envelope
438:
BV acquires its envelope from the cell membrane and requires a glycoprotein, gp64, to be able to spread systemic infection. This protein forms structures called peplomers on one end of the budded virus particle, but is not found on ODVs (although several other proteins are only associated with the
578:
Baculoviruses are incapable of replicating within the cells of mammals and plants. They have a restricted range of hosts they can infect that is typically restricted to a limited number of closely related insect species. Because baculoviruses are not harmful to humans, they are considered a safe
583:, a grain-feeding pest. However, in the scope of biosafety, it must be considered that baculoviruses are harmful, if not lethal to insect populations, as described above. Therefore, their usage should preferably occur in controlled settings limiting the dissemination into the environment.
376:
extensive lysis of cells frequently causes the host insect to literally disintegrate, thus the reason for the historic name "wilting disease". The complete ODV-polyhedrin particles are resistant to heat and light inactivation, whereas the naked BV virion is more sensitive to environment.
322:
Typically, the initial infection occurs when a susceptible host insect feeds on plants that are contaminated with the occluded form of the virus. The protein matrix dissolves in the alkaline environment of the host midgut (stomach), releasing ODVs that then fuse to the columnar
188:
Baculoviruses are known to infect insects, with over 600 host species having been described. Immature (larval) forms of lepidopteran species (moths and butterflies) are the most common hosts, but these viruses have also been found infecting
310:
with over 700 host species having been described. Immature (larval) forms of lepidopteran species are the most common hosts, but these viruses have also been found infecting sawflies and mosquitoes. Reports of baculovirus infections of
439:
ODV form). Some differences also exist in the lipid composition of the viral envelope of the two forms. While the BV envelope consists of phosphatidylserine, ODV contains phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine.
513:, successfully protecting against cervical cancer. Baculovirus-produced proteins are currently under study as therapeutic cancer vaccines with several immunologic advantages over proteins derived from mammalian sources.
967:
Lackner, A; Genta, K; Koppensteiner, H; Herbacek, I; Holzmann, K; Spiegl-Kreinecker, S; Berger, W; Grusch, M (2008). "A bicistronic baculovirus vector for transient and stable protein expression in mammalian cells".
481:(aa) with four glycosylation sites at asparagine residues and has a N-terminal signal sequence (20 aa), oligomerization and fusion domain and a hydrophobic transmembrane domain near the C-terminus (7 aa).
489:
fusion to the endosome. Although gp64 has variety of essential functions, it has been reported that gp64-null baculoviruses can be substituted with other viral glycoproteins such as Ld130, G-protein of
346:
and new BV particles are budded out from the basolateral side to spread the infection systemically. During budding, BV acquires a loosely fitting host cell membrane with expressed and displayed viral
1789:
1242:"Efficient generation of infectious recombinant baculoviruses by site-specific transposon-mediated insertion of foreign genes into a baculovirus genome propagated in Escherichia coli"
1362:
Ignoffo CM. (1975) Baculoviruses for Insect Pest
Control: Safety Considerations, Summers M, Engler R, Falcon LA, Vail PV (eds.) American Society for Microbiology, Washington DC, p52
521:(commonly known as the spongy moth), a serious pest of forest trees, has been successfully contained by releasing spongy moth baculovirus (NPV) preparations. Certain species of
239:
larvae. Starting in the 1940s, the viruses were used and studied widely as biopesticides in crop fields. Since the 1990s, they have been employed to produce complex eukaryotic
501:
Baculovirus expression in insect cells represents a robust method for producing recombinant glycoproteins or membrane proteins. In the early 1990s, a system was developed by
267:
avian influenza in chickens was produced in a baculovirus expression vector). More recently, baculoviruses were found to transduce mammalian cells with a suitable promoter.
794:
Harrison, RL; Herniou, EA; Jehle, JA; Theilmann, DA; Burand, JP; Becnel, JJ; Krell, PJ; van Oers, MM; Mowery, JD; Bauchan, GR; Ictv Report, Consortium (September 2018).
1316:"Enhanced immune stimulation by a therapeutic lymphoma tumor antigen vaccine produced in insect cells involves mannose receptor targeting to antigen presenting cells"
5697:
1509:
Boucias, D. G.; Nordin, G. L. (1 July 1977). "Interinstar susceptibility of the fall webworm, Hyphantria cunea, to its nucleopolyhedrosis and granulosis viruses".
1782:
1637:
642:
5710:
550:
435:. The major capsid protein VP39 together with some minor proteins forms the nucleocapsid (21 nm x 260 nm) that encloses the DNA with p6.9 protein.
1749:
Index of
Viruses – Baculoviridae (2006). In: ICTVdB – The Universal Virus Database, version 4. Büchen-Osmond, C (Ed), Columbia University, New York, USA.
400:
digestive system in order to replicate. It is possible for the virus crystals to enter human cells, but not to replicate to the point of causing illness.
1775:
5684:
466:(LdMNPV) is suggested to be an ancestral envelope fusion protein which has been replaced by non-orthologous gene replacement with gp64 in AcMNPV,
299:) and is responsible for the primary infection of the host, while the budded virus (BV) is released from the infected host cells later during the
1606:
1372:
Sait, S.M.; Begon, M.; Thompson, D.J. (1994). "The
Effects of a Sublethal Baculovirus Infection in the Indian Meal Moth, Plodia interpunctella".
235:
The earliest records of baculoviruses can be found in the literature from as early as the 16th century in reports of "wilting disease" infecting
1004:
1063:"The Autographa californica Multiple Nucleopolyhedrovirus ac83 Gene Contains a cis-Acting Element That Is Essential for Nucleocapsid Assembly"
1711:
1692:
1621:
462:
During periods of evolution, the baculoviral envelope glycoproteins have undergone changes. Ld130, also known as baculovirus F-protein from
1297:
5761:
1110:
Altmann, Friedrich; Staudacher, E; Wilson, IB; März, L (1999). "Insect cells as hosts for the expression of recombinant glycoproteins".
1474:
Chiu E.; Coulibaly F.; Metcalf P. (April 2012). "Insect virus polyhedra, infectious protein crystals that contain virus particles".
1415:
Jehle, JA; Blissard, GW; Bonning, BC; Cory, JS; Herniou, EA; Rohrmann, GF; Theilmann, DA; Thiem, SM; Vlak, JM; et al. (2006).
5776:
5723:
839:
197:. Although baculoviruses are capable of entering mammalian cells in culture, they are not known to be capable of replication in
1026:
Chiu, E; Coulibaly, F; Metcalf, P (2012). "Insect virus polyhedra, infectious protein crystals that contain virus particles".
545:—cosmopolitan insects that attack at least 30 food- and fibre-yielding crop plants—have been controlled by the application of
291:
The baculovirus lifecycle involves two distinct forms of virus. Occlusion-derived virus (ODV) is present in a protein matrix (
5766:
1314:
Betting, David J.; Mu, Xi Y.; Kafi, Kamran; McDonnel, Desmond; Rosas, Francisco; Gold, Daniel P.; Timmerman, John M. (2009).
510:
1452:
690:
of moths and butterflies to release the virus particle and infect the larva. An example of an insect that it infects is the
396:
The virus is unable to infect humans in the way it does insects, because human stomachs are acid-based and NPV requires an
774:
61:
3575:
5319:
4824:
3898:
5715:
865:
477:
Gp64 is a homotrimeric membrane glycoprotein that is polarly present on the rod-shaped virion. It consists of 512
1153:
Kost, T; Condreay, JP (1999). "Recombinant baculoviruses as expression vectors for insect and mammalian cells".
1798:
263:
in both human and veterinary medical treatments (for example, the most widely used vaccine for prevention of
5771:
680:
442:
A nucleocapsid assembly-essential element (NAE) was identified in the AcMNPV genome. The NAE is an internal
5756:
5751:
5598:
1762:
421:
4086:
579:
option for use in research applications. They are also used as biological agents as in the case of the
4560:
5728:
5658:
5137:
4659:
3854:
2133:
1802:
1557:
1518:
1381:
900:
769:
628:
182:
56:
4956:
4624:
4567:
4539:
4511:
4181:
3865:
3796:
3056:
3049:
2140:
2098:
2091:
1012:
5151:
5005:
4784:
4532:
4525:
3345:
2543:
2161:
2147:
2105:
2018:
531:
527:
300:
217:
5243:
5194:
5144:
5123:
4574:
2084:
5636:
4963:
4036:
4029:
3102:
2737:
2723:
2315:
1631:
1444:
1397:
1222:
1135:
1061:
Huang, Zhihong; Pan, Mengjia; Zhu, Silei; Zhang, Hao; Wu, Wenbi; Yuan, Meijin; Yang, Kai (2017).
432:
5645:
5259:
4218:
4093:
4072:
3965:
3621:
3279:
2921:
2484:
2077:
2004:
1707:
1688:
1671:
1617:
1585:
1491:
1436:
1345:
1279:
1261:
1214:
1206:
1170:
1127:
1092:
1043:
985:
928:
817:
567:
506:
5702:
5049:
4977:
4870:
4445:
4387:
4350:
4079:
3810:
3768:
3716:
3679:
3649:
3610:
3464:
3390:
3247:
2569:
2532:
2506:
2464:
2265:
2255:
2070:
1922:
1893:
1575:
1565:
1526:
1483:
1428:
1389:
1335:
1327:
1269:
1253:
1198:
1162:
1119:
1082:
1074:
1035:
977:
918:
908:
807:
666:
662:
658:
615:
609:
597:
517:
338:
escape from the endosomes and are transported to nucleus. This step is possibly mediated by
145:
138:
124:
5509:
5380:
5215:
5163:
5076:
5032:
5021:
4859:
4711:
4652:
4476:
4197:
4127:
4015:
3998:
3933:
3530:
3485:
3206:
2713:
2495:
2406:
2326:
2222:
1649:
1644:
753:
603:
580:
324:
256:
252:
131:
17:
1750:
1561:
1522:
1385:
904:
5552:
5530:
5498:
5463:
5369:
5334:
5270:
5113:
5102:
5065:
4907:
4791:
4681:
4610:
4600:
4361:
4153:
4116:
4022:
3817:
3401:
3374:
3021:
3010:
2914:
2879:
2872:
2858:
2851:
2800:
2772:
2702:
2691:
2656:
2440:
2243:
2112:
2049:
1983:
1961:
1883:
1580:
1545:
1340:
1315:
1087:
1062:
732:
83:
1274:
1241:
1166:
5745:
5520:
5415:
5401:
5229:
5222:
5201:
5042:
4991:
4984:
4848:
4744:
4722:
4695:
4671:
4631:
4588:
4553:
4546:
4518:
4504:
4497:
4398:
4334:
4305:
4284:
4263:
4252:
4232:
4164:
3986:
3955:
3944:
3922:
3789:
3656:
3642:
3632:
3599:
3523:
3475:
3418:
3411:
3258:
3158:
3032:
2946:
2928:
2907:
2893:
2730:
2680:
2602:
2580:
2553:
2516:
2418:
2385:
2233:
2211:
2011:
1994:
1972:
1950:
1872:
1861:
1738:
1530:
923:
888:
835:
327:
1257:
1226:
1139:
887:
Hofmann, C.; Sandig, V.; Jennings, G.; Rudolph, M.; Schlag, P.; Strauss, M. (1995).
536:, etc.), have also been successfully controlled by NPV treatments specific to them.
408:
5650:
5542:
5487:
5422:
5391:
5358:
5208:
5180:
4998:
4970:
4949:
4935:
4928:
4918:
4754:
4688:
4617:
4465:
4435:
4424:
4371:
4327:
4317:
4298:
4274:
4225:
4137:
4050:
4008:
3847:
3779:
3757:
3737:
3727:
3537:
3453:
3364:
3335:
3323:
3313:
3301:
3291:
3269:
3227:
3217:
3190:
3169:
3147:
3123:
3113:
3091:
2988:
2939:
2900:
2886:
2865:
2634:
2612:
2590:
2457:
2359:
2347:
2304:
2293:
2200:
2189:
2154:
2060:
1912:
1767:
1448:
759:
691:
562:
353:
347:
343:
335:
307:
244:
209:
1417:"On the classification and nomenclature of baculoviruses: a proposal for revision"
1331:
43:
5630:
5408:
5187:
5173:
5086:
4942:
4732:
4645:
4638:
4581:
4487:
4408:
4291:
4208:
4174:
4100:
4062:
4043:
3979:
3972:
3803:
3663:
3352:
3180:
3080:
2975:
2825:
2807:
2783:
2646:
2624:
2450:
2428:
2396:
2337:
2126:
2038:
1900:
1850:
1826:
1756:
1665:
1416:
704:
509:. Baculovirus-produced proteins have been in use since 2007 as vaccines against
319:) were found to be nudiviruses, a closely related lineage to the baculoviruses.
275:
236:
174:
170:
95:
5280:
5236:
5130:
4891:
3700:
3690:
3442:
3042:
2369:
2119:
1727:
1487:
1432:
1202:
1123:
1039:
722:
684:
673:
478:
292:
202:
5621:
1265:
1210:
981:
913:
5671:
5476:
5347:
4881:
4837:
3911:
3588:
3560:
2999:
1839:
1811:
1570:
741:
541:
425:
388:
224:
166:
1675:
1589:
1544:
Theze, J.; Bezier, A.; Periquet, G.; Drezen, J.-M.; Herniou, E. A. (2011).
1495:
1440:
1349:
1298:"Cervarix : European Public Assessment Report – Scientific Discussion"
1218:
1174:
1131:
1096:
1047:
989:
821:
1283:
932:
5615:
1078:
812:
795:
683:
that protects the virus in the external environment. It dissolves in the
646:
502:
397:
331:
296:
194:
560:
NPV preparations have also been used commercially against pests such as
283:
1763:
https://ir.library.oregonstate.edu/concern/defaults/7d279043k?locale=en
889:"Efficient Gene Transfer into Human Hepatocytes by Baculovirus Vectors"
260:
240:
178:
726:
864:. International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV). March 2021.
747:
710:
687:
676:
522:
428:
312:
213:
198:
190:
5689:
5592:
1401:
5676:
380:
it can drip down onto leaves, which will be consumed by new hosts.
763:
407:
387:
352:
339:
282:
274:
162:
73:
1393:
595:, meaning "stick". The family has been divided into four genera:
264:
248:
5596:
5460:
5331:
4821:
3895:
3572:
2972:
1823:
1771:
861:
485:
cell surface, as monomeric gp64 is degraded within the cells.
220:
5663:
946:
591:
The name of this family has been derived from the Latin word
493:
virus. These substitutions will result in functional virons.
342:
filaments. Viral transcription and replication occur in the
306:
Baculoviruses have very species-specific tropisms among the
208:
Starting in the 1940s, they were used and studied widely as
1761:
Rohrmann, G.F. 2019. Baculovirus
Molecular Biology 4th Ed.
1755:
Rohrmann, G.F. 2019. Baculovirus
Molecular Biology 4th Ed.
679:
from which the virus gets its name is an extremely stable
361:
After baculovirus infection, three distinct phases occur:
450:
gene. The nucleocapsid assembly is not dependent on the
418:
Autographa californica multicapsid nucleopolyhedrovirus
1240:
Luckow, V A; Lee, S C; Barry, G F; Olins, P O (1993).
653:, but the term now refers to 35 species of the family
1751:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ICTVdb/Ictv/fs_index.htm
420:(AcMNPV). The virus was originally isolated from the
330:
of the host intestine and are taken into the cell in
185:
are placed in this family, assigned to four genera.
5605:
5540:
5518:
5507:
5496:
5485:
5474:
5389:
5378:
5367:
5356:
5345:
5318:
5268:
5257:
5161:
5111:
5100:
5074:
5063:
5030:
5019:
4916:
4905:
4879:
4868:
4857:
4846:
4835:
4772:
4742:
4720:
4709:
4669:
4598:
4485:
4474:
4463:
4433:
4422:
4396:
4385:
4359:
4348:
4315:
4272:
4261:
4250:
4206:
4195:
4162:
4151:
4125:
4114:
4060:
3996:
3953:
3942:
3931:
3920:
3909:
3835:
3777:
3766:
3755:
3725:
3714:
3688:
3677:
3630:
3619:
3608:
3597:
3586:
3559:
3511:
3473:
3462:
3451:
3440:
3399:
3388:
3362:
3333:
3311:
3289:
3267:
3256:
3245:
3215:
3204:
3178:
3167:
3156:
3145:
3111:
3100:
3089:
3078:
3030:
3019:
3008:
2997:
2986:
2839:
2817:
2781:
2770:
2763:
2711:
2700:
2689:
2678:
2644:
2622:
2600:
2578:
2567:
2541:
2530:
2504:
2493:
2482:
2438:
2416:
2394:
2383:
2357:
2335:
2324:
2313:
2302:
2291:
2253:
2231:
2220:
2209:
2198:
2187:
2058:
2047:
2036:
1992:
1981:
1970:
1959:
1948:
1910:
1881:
1870:
1859:
1848:
1837:
1810:
702:Baculoviruses are thought to have evolved from the
613:(hymenopteran-specific nucleopolyhedroviruses), and
474:(OpMNPV) while they still retain the ld130 gene.
392:Another victim of the nuclear polyhedrosis virus.
357:Baculovirus dispersal pathways in the environment
1683:Federici, Brian A.; Granados, Robert R. (1986).
1546:"Paleozoic origin of insect large dsDNA viruses"
601:(lepidopteran-specific nucleopolyhedroviruses),
1550:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
893:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
643:International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses
1783:
1757:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK543458/
551:United States Environmental Protection Agency
8:
1667:Baculovirus Molecular Biology Fourth Edition
1616:(Fifth revised ed.). New Delhi, India.
796:"ICTV Virus Taxonomy Profile: Baculoviridae"
635:from 1993 until 2008, when it was abolished.
619:(dipteran-specific nucleopolyhedroviruses).
505:that allows for easy and fast generation of
566:(under the biotrol-VTN brand name) and the
259:proteins have been used in research and as
5593:
5515:
5504:
5493:
5482:
5471:
5457:
5386:
5375:
5364:
5353:
5342:
5328:
5324:
5265:
5108:
5071:
5027:
4913:
4876:
4865:
4854:
4843:
4832:
4818:
4717:
4482:
4471:
4430:
4393:
4356:
4269:
4258:
4203:
4159:
4122:
3950:
3939:
3928:
3917:
3906:
3892:
3774:
3763:
3722:
3685:
3627:
3616:
3605:
3594:
3583:
3569:
3565:
3470:
3459:
3448:
3396:
3264:
3253:
3212:
3175:
3164:
3153:
3108:
3097:
3086:
3027:
3016:
3005:
2994:
2983:
2969:
2778:
2767:
2708:
2697:
2686:
2575:
2538:
2501:
2490:
2391:
2332:
2321:
2310:
2299:
2228:
2217:
2206:
2195:
2055:
2044:
1989:
1978:
1967:
1956:
1878:
1867:
1856:
1845:
1834:
1820:
1816:
1790:
1776:
1768:
1636:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
947:"Baculovirus - Baculovirus Lab Techniques"
42:
31:
1579:
1569:
1339:
1273:
1191:Journal of Bioenergetics and Biomembranes
1086:
922:
912:
811:
607:(lepidopteran-specific granuloviruses),
212:in crop fields. Baculoviruses contain a
181:, serve as natural hosts. Currently, 85
1005:"Mindsuckers – Meet Nature's Nightmare"
786:
1629:
766:including natural hosts of the viruses
223:(dsDNA) genome ranging from 80 to 180
51:Baculovirus virions and nucleocapsids
1455:from the original on 24 February 2023
7:
1670:(4th ed.). Bethesda, MD: NCBI.
570:(under the biotrol-VSE brand name).
424:(a lepidopteran) and contains a 134
1614:A textbook of biotechnology :
287:A dead caterpillar infected by NPV.
868:from the original on 20 March 2020
631:, which was a genus of the family
25:
1511:Journal of Invertebrate Pathology
412:Diagram of a Nucleopolyhedrovirus
1303:. European Medical Agency. 2007.
1155:Current Opinion in Biotechnology
725:
458:Major envelope glycoprotein gp64
416:The most studied baculovirus is
60:
1258:10.1128/jvi.67.8.4566-4579.1993
842:from the original on 2 May 2017
800:The Journal of General Virology
371:Very late phase (18–24 to 72 h)
169:, among the most studied being
1003:Zimmer, Carl (November 2014).
862:"Virus Taxonomy: 2020 Release"
511:human papillomavirus infection
1:
1332:10.1016/j.vaccine.2008.10.055
1167:10.1016/S0958-1669(99)00005-1
775:Polyhedrosis (disambiguation)
641:(NPV) was once listed by the
1685:The Biology of baculoviruses
1531:10.1016/0022-2011(77)90038-6
5793:
5762:Diptera pests and diseases
1706:. New York: Plenum Press.
639:Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus
626:
623:Nuclear polyhedrosis virus
279:Diagram of a NPV lifecycle
18:Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus
5470:
5456:
5341:
5327:
4831:
4817:
3905:
3891:
3582:
3568:
2982:
2968:
1833:
1819:
1687:. Boca Raton: CRC Press.
1664:Rohrmann, George (2019).
1488:10.1016/j.sbi.2012.02.003
1433:10.1007/s00705-006-0763-6
1374:Journal of Animal Ecology
1203:10.1007/s10863-009-9226-6
1040:10.1016/j.sbi.2012.02.003
507:recombinant baculoviruses
120:
115:
55:
50:
41:
34:
982:10.1016/j.ab.2008.05.020
914:10.1073/pnas.92.22.10099
627:Not to be confused with
5777:Mind-altering parasites
1571:10.1073/pnas.1105580108
1124:10.1023/A:1026488408951
970:Analytical Biochemistry
713: million years ago
404:Structure of the virion
1607:Viruses by J.Ogrodnick
1112:Glycoconjugate Journal
413:
393:
358:
288:
280:
5767:Insect viral diseases
1702:Miller, Lois (1997).
1612:Dubey, R. C. (2014).
1476:Curr Opin Struct Biol
1028:Curr Opin Struct Biol
547:Baculovirus heliothis
539:Members of the genus
411:
391:
356:
286:
278:
271:Baculovirus lifecycle
1803:virus classification
1079:10.1128/JVI.02110-16
813:10.1099/jgv.0.001107
770:Early 35 kDa protein
629:Nucleopolyhedrovirus
491:Vesicular stomatitis
472:Orgyia pseudotsugata
446:-element within the
231:Historical influence
57:Virus classification
4785:Permutotetraviridae
2544:Orthopolintovirales
2019:Malacoherpesviridae
1562:2011PNAS..10815931T
1523:1977JInvP..30...68B
1386:1994JAnEc..63..541S
1246:Journal of Virology
1067:Journal of Virology
1015:on 18 October 2014.
1009:National Geographic
905:1995PNAS...9210099H
899:(22): 10099–10103.
528:Neodiprion sertifer
433:open reading frames
301:secondary infection
3103:Malgrandaviricetes
2738:Sphaerolipoviridae
2724:Matshushitaviridae
2316:Nucleocytoviricota
708:family of viruses
667:gammabaculoviruses
659:alphabaculoviruses
534:, N. pratti pratti
414:
394:
359:
317:Oryctes rhinocerus
315:and beetles (e.g.
289:
281:
5739:
5738:
5599:Taxon identifiers
5590:
5589:
5586:
5585:
5582:
5581:
5578:
5577:
5574:
5573:
5570:
5569:
5566:
5565:
5562:
5561:
5452:
5451:
5448:
5447:
5444:
5443:
5440:
5439:
5436:
5435:
5432:
5431:
5314:
5313:
5310:
5309:
5306:
5305:
5302:
5301:
5298:
5297:
5294:
5293:
5290:
5289:
5260:Yunchangviricetes
5253:
5252:
5096:
5095:
5059:
5058:
5015:
5014:
4901:
4900:
4813:
4812:
4809:
4808:
4805:
4804:
4801:
4800:
4768:
4767:
4764:
4763:
4705:
4704:
4459:
4458:
4455:
4454:
4418:
4417:
4381:
4380:
4344:
4343:
4246:
4245:
4242:
4241:
4219:Carmotetraviridae
4191:
4190:
4147:
4146:
4110:
4109:
4094:Gammaflexiviridae
4087:Deltaflexiviridae
4073:Alphaflexiviridae
3966:Alphatetraviridae
3887:
3886:
3883:
3882:
3879:
3878:
3875:
3874:
3831:
3830:
3827:
3826:
3751:
3750:
3747:
3746:
3710:
3709:
3673:
3672:
3622:Chrymotiviricetes
3555:
3554:
3551:
3550:
3547:
3546:
3507:
3506:
3503:
3502:
3499:
3498:
3495:
3494:
3436:
3435:
3432:
3431:
3428:
3427:
3384:
3383:
3280:Bacilladnaviridae
3241:
3240:
3237:
3236:
3200:
3199:
3141:
3140:
3137:
3136:
3133:
3132:
3074:
3073:
3070:
3069:
3066:
3065:
2964:
2963:
2960:
2959:
2956:
2955:
2922:Portogloboviridae
2835:
2834:
2759:
2758:
2755:
2754:
2751:
2750:
2747:
2746:
2674:
2673:
2670:
2669:
2666:
2665:
2563:
2562:
2526:
2525:
2485:Preplasmiviricota
2478:
2477:
2474:
2473:
2379:
2378:
2287:
2286:
2283:
2282:
2279:
2278:
2275:
2274:
2183:
2182:
2179:
2178:
2175:
2174:
2171:
2170:
2078:Autographiviridae
2032:
2031:
2028:
2027:
2005:Alloherpesviridae
1944:
1943:
1940:
1939:
1936:
1935:
1932:
1931:
1713:978-0-306-45641-1
1704:The baculoviruses
1694:978-0-8493-5988-0
1623:978-81-219-2608-9
454:protein product.
154:
153:
27:Family of viruses
16:(Redirected from
5784:
5732:
5731:
5719:
5718:
5706:
5705:
5693:
5692:
5680:
5679:
5667:
5666:
5654:
5653:
5641:
5640:
5639:
5626:
5625:
5624:
5594:
5516:
5505:
5494:
5483:
5472:
5464:dsDNA-RT viruses
5458:
5387:
5376:
5365:
5354:
5343:
5335:ssRNA-RT viruses
5329:
5325:
5266:
5109:
5077:Serpentovirales
5072:
5050:Orthomyxoviridae
5028:
4978:Peribunyaviridae
4914:
4877:
4871:Chunqiuviricetes
4866:
4855:
4844:
4833:
4825:(–)ssRNA viruses
4819:
4718:
4561:Nanghoshaviridae
4483:
4472:
4446:Botourmiaviridae
4431:
4394:
4388:Howeltoviricetes
4357:
4351:Amabiliviricetes
4270:
4259:
4204:
4160:
4123:
4080:Betaflexiviridae
3951:
3940:
3929:
3918:
3907:
3899:(+)ssRNA viruses
3893:
3811:Picobirnaviridae
3775:
3769:Duplopiviricetes
3764:
3723:
3717:Vidaverviricetes
3686:
3680:Resentoviricetes
3650:Megabirnaviridae
3628:
3617:
3611:Duplornaviricota
3606:
3595:
3584:
3570:
3566:
3471:
3465:Huolimaviricetes
3460:
3449:
3397:
3391:Repensiviricetes
3265:
3254:
3248:Cressdnaviricota
3213:
3176:
3165:
3154:
3109:
3098:
3087:
3028:
3017:
3006:
2995:
2984:
2970:
2779:
2768:
2709:
2698:
2687:
2576:
2570:Tectiliviricetes
2539:
2533:Polintoviricetes
2507:Priklausovirales
2502:
2491:
2465:Marseilleviridae
2392:
2333:
2322:
2311:
2300:
2266:Papillomaviridae
2256:Zurhausenvirales
2229:
2218:
2207:
2196:
2071:Ackermannviridae
2056:
2045:
1990:
1979:
1968:
1957:
1923:Tristromaviridae
1894:Lipothrixviridae
1879:
1868:
1857:
1846:
1835:
1821:
1817:
1792:
1785:
1778:
1769:
1717:
1698:
1679:
1641:
1635:
1627:
1594:
1593:
1583:
1573:
1541:
1535:
1534:
1506:
1500:
1499:
1471:
1465:
1464:
1462:
1460:
1427:(7): 1257–1266.
1412:
1406:
1405:
1369:
1363:
1360:
1354:
1353:
1343:
1311:
1305:
1304:
1302:
1294:
1288:
1287:
1277:
1252:(8): 4566–4579.
1237:
1231:
1230:
1185:
1179:
1178:
1150:
1144:
1143:
1107:
1101:
1100:
1090:
1058:
1052:
1051:
1023:
1017:
1016:
1011:. Archived from
1000:
994:
993:
964:
958:
957:
955:
953:
943:
937:
936:
926:
916:
884:
878:
877:
875:
873:
858:
852:
851:
849:
847:
832:
826:
825:
815:
806:(9): 1185–1186.
791:
735:
730:
729:
714:
663:deltabaculovirus
616:Deltabaculovirus
610:Gammabaculovirus
598:Alphabaculovirus
518:Lymantria dispar
464:Lymantria dispar
384:Transmissibility
146:Gammabaculovirus
139:Deltabaculovirus
125:Alphabaculovirus
65:
64:
46:
32:
21:
5792:
5791:
5787:
5786:
5785:
5783:
5782:
5781:
5742:
5741:
5740:
5735:
5727:
5722:
5714:
5709:
5701:
5696:
5688:
5683:
5675:
5670:
5662:
5657:
5649:
5644:
5635:
5634:
5629:
5620:
5619:
5614:
5601:
5591:
5558:
5536:
5510:Revtraviricetes
5466:
5428:
5381:Revtraviricetes
5337:
5286:
5249:
5216:Paramyxoviridae
5164:Mononegavirales
5157:
5138:Crepuscuviridae
5092:
5055:
5033:Articulavirales
5022:Insthoviricetes
5011:
4897:
4860:Negarnaviricota
4827:
4797:
4760:
4738:
4712:Stelpaviricetes
4701:
4665:
4660:Polycipiviridae
4653:Dicistroviridae
4594:
4477:Pisoniviricetes
4451:
4414:
4377:
4340:
4311:
4238:
4198:Tolucaviricetes
4187:
4143:
4128:Amarillovirales
4106:
4056:
4016:Closteroviridae
3999:Martellivirales
3992:
3934:Kitrinoviricota
3901:
3871:
3855:Polymycoviridae
3823:
3743:
3706:
3669:
3578:
3543:
3531:Finnlakeviridae
3491:
3486:Pleolipoviridae
3424:
3380:
3358:
3329:
3307:
3285:
3233:
3207:Quintoviricetes
3196:
3129:
3062:
2978:
2952:
2831:
2813:
2743:
2714:Halopanivirales
2662:
2640:
2618:
2596:
2559:
2522:
2496:Maveriviricetes
2470:
2434:
2412:
2407:Phycodnaviridae
2375:
2353:
2327:Pokkesviricetes
2271:
2249:
2223:Papovaviricetes
2167:
2134:Rountreeviridae
2024:
1928:
1906:
1829:
1806:
1796:
1724:
1714:
1701:
1695:
1682:
1663:
1660:
1658:Further reading
1650:The Cobra Event
1645:Richard Preston
1628:
1624:
1611:
1603:
1601:General sources
1598:
1597:
1556:(38): 15931–5.
1543:
1542:
1538:
1508:
1507:
1503:
1473:
1472:
1468:
1458:
1456:
1414:
1413:
1409:
1371:
1370:
1366:
1361:
1357:
1313:
1312:
1308:
1300:
1296:
1295:
1291:
1239:
1238:
1234:
1189:insect cells".
1187:
1186:
1182:
1152:
1151:
1147:
1109:
1108:
1104:
1060:
1059:
1055:
1025:
1024:
1020:
1002:
1001:
997:
966:
965:
961:
951:
949:
945:
944:
940:
886:
885:
881:
871:
869:
860:
859:
855:
845:
843:
834:
833:
829:
793:
792:
788:
783:
754:The Cobra Event
731:
724:
721:
709:
700:
681:protein crystal
661:, but also one
651:Eubaculovirinae
636:
625:
604:Betabaculovirus
589:
581:Indian mealmoth
576:
568:cotton leafworm
553:registered the
549:. In 1975, the
499:
460:
406:
386:
325:epithelial cell
273:
253:High Five cells
233:
218:double-stranded
161:is a family of
132:Betabaculovirus
59:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5790:
5788:
5780:
5779:
5774:
5772:Virus families
5769:
5764:
5759:
5754:
5744:
5743:
5737:
5736:
5734:
5733:
5720:
5707:
5694:
5681:
5668:
5655:
5642:
5627:
5611:
5609:
5603:
5602:
5597:
5588:
5587:
5584:
5583:
5580:
5579:
5576:
5575:
5572:
5571:
5568:
5567:
5564:
5563:
5560:
5559:
5557:
5556:
5553:Caulimoviridae
5548:
5546:
5538:
5537:
5535:
5534:
5531:Hepadnaviridae
5526:
5524:
5513:
5502:
5499:Artverviricota
5491:
5480:
5468:
5467:
5461:
5454:
5453:
5450:
5449:
5446:
5445:
5442:
5441:
5438:
5437:
5434:
5433:
5430:
5429:
5427:
5426:
5419:
5412:
5405:
5397:
5395:
5384:
5373:
5370:Artverviricota
5362:
5351:
5339:
5338:
5332:
5322:
5316:
5315:
5312:
5311:
5308:
5307:
5304:
5303:
5300:
5299:
5296:
5295:
5292:
5291:
5288:
5287:
5285:
5284:
5276:
5274:
5271:Goujianvirales
5263:
5255:
5254:
5251:
5250:
5248:
5247:
5240:
5233:
5226:
5219:
5212:
5205:
5198:
5191:
5184:
5177:
5169:
5167:
5159:
5158:
5156:
5155:
5148:
5141:
5134:
5127:
5119:
5117:
5114:Jingchuvirales
5106:
5103:Monjiviricetes
5098:
5097:
5094:
5093:
5091:
5090:
5082:
5080:
5069:
5066:Milneviricetes
5061:
5060:
5057:
5056:
5054:
5053:
5046:
5038:
5036:
5025:
5017:
5016:
5013:
5012:
5010:
5009:
5002:
4995:
4988:
4981:
4974:
4967:
4960:
4957:Leishbuviridae
4953:
4946:
4939:
4932:
4924:
4922:
4911:
4908:Ellioviricetes
4903:
4902:
4899:
4898:
4896:
4895:
4887:
4885:
4874:
4863:
4852:
4841:
4829:
4828:
4822:
4815:
4814:
4811:
4810:
4807:
4806:
4803:
4802:
4799:
4798:
4796:
4795:
4792:Sarthroviridae
4788:
4776:
4774:
4770:
4769:
4766:
4765:
4762:
4761:
4759:
4758:
4750:
4748:
4740:
4739:
4737:
4736:
4728:
4726:
4715:
4707:
4706:
4703:
4702:
4700:
4699:
4692:
4685:
4682:Alvernaviridae
4677:
4675:
4667:
4666:
4664:
4663:
4656:
4649:
4642:
4635:
4628:
4625:Solinviviridae
4621:
4614:
4611:Picornaviridae
4606:
4604:
4601:Picornavirales
4596:
4595:
4593:
4592:
4585:
4578:
4571:
4568:Nanhypoviridae
4564:
4557:
4550:
4543:
4540:Medioniviridae
4536:
4529:
4522:
4515:
4512:Cremegaviridae
4508:
4501:
4493:
4491:
4480:
4469:
4461:
4460:
4457:
4456:
4453:
4452:
4450:
4449:
4441:
4439:
4428:
4420:
4419:
4416:
4415:
4413:
4412:
4404:
4402:
4391:
4383:
4382:
4379:
4378:
4376:
4375:
4367:
4365:
4362:Wolframvirales
4354:
4346:
4345:
4342:
4341:
4339:
4338:
4331:
4323:
4321:
4313:
4312:
4310:
4309:
4302:
4295:
4288:
4280:
4278:
4267:
4256:
4248:
4247:
4244:
4243:
4240:
4239:
4237:
4236:
4229:
4222:
4214:
4212:
4201:
4193:
4192:
4189:
4188:
4186:
4185:
4182:Sinhaliviridae
4178:
4170:
4168:
4157:
4154:Magsaviricetes
4149:
4148:
4145:
4144:
4142:
4141:
4133:
4131:
4120:
4117:Flasuviricetes
4112:
4111:
4108:
4107:
4105:
4104:
4097:
4090:
4083:
4076:
4068:
4066:
4058:
4057:
4055:
4054:
4047:
4040:
4033:
4026:
4023:Endornaviridae
4019:
4012:
4004:
4002:
3994:
3993:
3991:
3990:
3983:
3976:
3969:
3961:
3959:
3948:
3937:
3926:
3915:
3903:
3902:
3896:
3889:
3888:
3885:
3884:
3881:
3880:
3877:
3876:
3873:
3872:
3870:
3869:
3866:Botybirnavirus
3858:
3851:
3839:
3837:
3833:
3832:
3829:
3828:
3825:
3824:
3822:
3821:
3818:Partitiviridae
3814:
3807:
3800:
3797:Curvulaviridae
3793:
3785:
3783:
3772:
3761:
3753:
3752:
3749:
3748:
3745:
3744:
3742:
3741:
3733:
3731:
3720:
3712:
3711:
3708:
3707:
3705:
3704:
3696:
3694:
3683:
3675:
3674:
3671:
3670:
3668:
3667:
3660:
3653:
3646:
3638:
3636:
3625:
3614:
3603:
3592:
3580:
3579:
3573:
3563:
3557:
3556:
3553:
3552:
3549:
3548:
3545:
3544:
3542:
3541:
3534:
3527:
3515:
3513:
3509:
3508:
3505:
3504:
3501:
3500:
3497:
3496:
3493:
3492:
3490:
3489:
3481:
3479:
3468:
3457:
3446:
3438:
3437:
3434:
3433:
3430:
3429:
3426:
3425:
3423:
3422:
3415:
3407:
3405:
3402:Geplafuvirales
3394:
3386:
3385:
3382:
3381:
3379:
3378:
3375:Redondoviridae
3370:
3368:
3360:
3359:
3357:
3356:
3349:
3341:
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3328:
3327:
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3084:
3076:
3075:
3072:
3071:
3068:
3067:
3064:
3063:
3061:
3060:
3057:Plectroviridae
3053:
3050:Paulinoviridae
3046:
3038:
3036:
3025:
3022:Faserviricetes
3014:
3011:Hofneiviricota
3003:
2992:
2980:
2979:
2973:
2966:
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2962:
2961:
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2943:
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2915:Polydnaviridae
2911:
2904:
2897:
2890:
2883:
2880:Globuloviridae
2876:
2873:Fuselloviridae
2869:
2862:
2859:Bicaudaviridae
2855:
2852:Ampullaviridae
2843:
2841:
2837:
2836:
2833:
2832:
2830:
2829:
2821:
2819:
2815:
2814:
2812:
2811:
2804:
2801:Hytrosaviridae
2797:
2789:
2787:
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2773:Naldaviricetes
2765:
2761:
2760:
2757:
2756:
2753:
2752:
2749:
2748:
2745:
2744:
2742:
2741:
2734:
2727:
2719:
2717:
2706:
2703:Laserviricetes
2695:
2692:Dividoviricota
2684:
2676:
2675:
2672:
2671:
2668:
2667:
2664:
2663:
2661:
2660:
2657:Corticoviridae
2652:
2650:
2642:
2641:
2639:
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2454:
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2441:Pimascovirales
2436:
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2424:
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2414:
2413:
2411:
2410:
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2400:
2389:
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2244:Polyomaviridae
2239:
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2226:
2215:
2204:
2193:
2185:
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2181:
2180:
2177:
2176:
2173:
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2169:
2168:
2166:
2165:
2158:
2151:
2144:
2141:Salasmaviridae
2137:
2130:
2123:
2116:
2113:Herelleviridae
2109:
2102:
2099:Drexlerviridae
2095:
2092:Demerecviridae
2088:
2081:
2074:
2066:
2064:
2053:
2050:Caudoviricetes
2042:
2034:
2033:
2030:
2029:
2026:
2025:
2023:
2022:
2015:
2008:
2000:
1998:
1987:
1984:Herviviricetes
1976:
1965:
1962:Heunggongvirae
1954:
1946:
1945:
1942:
1941:
1938:
1937:
1934:
1933:
1930:
1929:
1927:
1926:
1918:
1916:
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1897:
1889:
1887:
1884:Ligamenvirales
1876:
1865:
1854:
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1831:
1830:
1824:
1814:
1808:
1807:
1797:
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1722:External links
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1380:(3): 541–550.
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5757:Biopesticides
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5752:Baculoviridae
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5637:Baculoviridae
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5607:Baculoviridae
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5402:Belpaoviridae
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5230:Rhabdoviridae
5227:
5225:
5224:
5223:Pneumoviridae
5220:
5218:
5217:
5213:
5211:
5210:
5206:
5204:
5203:
5202:Mymonaviridae
5199:
5197:
5196:
5192:
5190:
5189:
5185:
5183:
5182:
5178:
5176:
5175:
5171:
5170:
5168:
5166:
5165:
5160:
5154:
5153:
5152:Natareviridae
5149:
5147:
5146:
5142:
5140:
5139:
5135:
5133:
5132:
5128:
5126:
5125:
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5043:Amnoonviridae
5040:
5039:
5037:
5035:
5034:
5029:
5026:
5024:
5023:
5018:
5008:
5007:
5006:Wupedeviridae
5003:
5001:
5000:
4996:
4994:
4993:
4992:Phenuiviridae
4989:
4987:
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4985:Phasmaviridae
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4980:
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4849:Orthornavirae
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4816:
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4778:
4777:
4775:
4771:
4757:
4756:
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4745:Stellavirales
4741:
4735:
4734:
4730:
4729:
4727:
4725:
4724:
4723:Patatavirales
4719:
4716:
4714:
4713:
4708:
4698:
4697:
4696:Solemoviridae
4693:
4691:
4690:
4686:
4684:
4683:
4679:
4678:
4676:
4674:
4673:
4672:Sobelivirales
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4657:
4655:
4654:
4650:
4648:
4647:
4643:
4641:
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4632:Caliciviridae
4629:
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4615:
4613:
4612:
4608:
4607:
4605:
4603:
4602:
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4589:Tobaniviridae
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4579:
4577:
4576:
4572:
4570:
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4554:Mononiviridae
4551:
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4547:Mesoniviridae
4544:
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4541:
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4534:
4533:Gresnaviridae
4530:
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4526:Euroniviridae
4523:
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4519:Coronaviridae
4516:
4514:
4513:
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4505:Arteriviridae
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4498:Abyssoviridae
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4406:
4405:
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4399:Cryppavirales
4395:
4392:
4390:
4389:
4384:
4374:
4373:
4369:
4368:
4366:
4364:
4363:
4358:
4355:
4353:
4352:
4347:
4337:
4336:
4335:Steitzviridae
4332:
4330:
4329:
4325:
4324:
4322:
4320:
4319:
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4307:
4306:Solspiviridae
4303:
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4300:
4296:
4294:
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4286:
4285:Atkinsviridae
4282:
4281:
4279:
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4276:
4271:
4268:
4266:
4265:
4264:Leviviricetes
4260:
4257:
4255:
4254:
4253:Lenarviricota
4249:
4235:
4234:
4233:Tombusviridae
4230:
4228:
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4165:Nodamuvirales
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4017:
4013:
4011:
4010:
4006:
4005:
4003:
4001:
4000:
3995:
3989:
3988:
3987:Matonaviridae
3984:
3982:
3981:
3977:
3975:
3974:
3970:
3968:
3967:
3963:
3962:
3960:
3958:
3957:
3956:Hepelivirales
3952:
3949:
3947:
3946:
3945:Alsuviricetes
3941:
3938:
3936:
3935:
3930:
3927:
3925:
3924:
3923:Orthornavirae
3919:
3916:
3914:
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3908:
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3900:
3894:
3890:
3868:
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3813:
3812:
3808:
3806:
3805:
3801:
3799:
3798:
3794:
3792:
3791:
3790:Amalgaviridae
3787:
3786:
3784:
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3770:
3765:
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3657:Quadriviridae
3654:
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3647:
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3644:
3643:Chrysoviridae
3640:
3639:
3637:
3635:
3634:
3633:Ghabrivirales
3629:
3626:
3624:
3623:
3618:
3615:
3613:
3612:
3607:
3604:
3602:
3601:
3600:Orthornavirae
3596:
3593:
3591:
3590:
3585:
3581:
3577:
3576:dsRNA viruses
3571:
3567:
3564:
3562:
3558:
3540:
3539:
3535:
3533:
3532:
3528:
3526:
3525:
3524:Anelloviridae
3520:
3517:
3516:
3514:
3510:
3488:
3487:
3483:
3482:
3480:
3478:
3477:
3476:Haloruvirales
3472:
3469:
3467:
3466:
3461:
3458:
3456:
3455:
3450:
3447:
3445:
3444:
3439:
3421:
3420:
3419:Genomoviridae
3416:
3414:
3413:
3412:Geminiviridae
3409:
3408:
3406:
3404:
3403:
3398:
3395:
3393:
3392:
3387:
3377:
3376:
3372:
3371:
3369:
3367:
3366:
3361:
3355:
3354:
3350:
3348:
3347:
3346:Metaxyviridae
3343:
3342:
3340:
3338:
3337:
3332:
3326:
3325:
3321:
3320:
3318:
3316:
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3303:
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3282:
3281:
3277:
3276:
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3271:
3266:
3263:
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3259:Arfiviricetes
3255:
3252:
3250:
3249:
3244:
3230:
3229:
3225:
3224:
3222:
3220:
3219:
3214:
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3183:
3182:
3177:
3174:
3172:
3171:
3166:
3163:
3161:
3160:
3159:Cossaviricota
3155:
3152:
3150:
3149:
3144:
3126:
3125:
3121:
3120:
3118:
3116:
3115:
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3054:
3052:
3051:
3047:
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3044:
3040:
3039:
3037:
3035:
3034:
3033:Tubulavirales
3029:
3026:
3024:
3023:
3018:
3015:
3013:
3012:
3007:
3004:
3002:
3001:
2996:
2993:
2991:
2990:
2985:
2981:
2977:
2976:ssDNA viruses
2971:
2967:
2949:
2948:
2947:Rhizidiovirus
2944:
2942:
2941:
2936:
2933:
2931:
2930:
2929:Thaspiviridae
2926:
2924:
2923:
2919:
2917:
2916:
2912:
2910:
2909:
2908:Plasmaviridae
2905:
2903:
2902:
2898:
2896:
2895:
2894:Halspiviridae
2891:
2889:
2888:
2884:
2882:
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2877:
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2794:Baculoviridae
2791:
2790:
2788:
2786:
2785:
2780:
2777:
2775:
2774:
2769:
2766:
2762:
2740:
2739:
2735:
2733:
2732:
2731:Simuloviridae
2728:
2726:
2725:
2721:
2720:
2718:
2716:
2715:
2710:
2707:
2705:
2704:
2699:
2696:
2694:
2693:
2688:
2685:
2683:
2682:
2681:Helvetiavirae
2677:
2659:
2658:
2654:
2653:
2651:
2649:
2648:
2643:
2637:
2636:
2632:
2631:
2629:
2627:
2626:
2621:
2615:
2614:
2610:
2609:
2607:
2605:
2604:
2603:Kalamavirales
2599:
2593:
2592:
2588:
2587:
2585:
2583:
2582:
2581:Belfryvirales
2577:
2574:
2572:
2571:
2566:
2556:
2555:
2554:Adintoviridae
2551:
2550:
2548:
2546:
2545:
2540:
2537:
2535:
2534:
2529:
2519:
2518:
2517:Lavidaviridae
2514:
2513:
2511:
2509:
2508:
2503:
2500:
2498:
2497:
2492:
2489:
2487:
2486:
2481:
2467:
2466:
2462:
2460:
2459:
2455:
2453:
2452:
2448:
2447:
2445:
2443:
2442:
2437:
2431:
2430:
2426:
2425:
2423:
2421:
2420:
2419:Imitervirales
2415:
2409:
2408:
2404:
2403:
2401:
2399:
2398:
2393:
2390:
2388:
2387:
2386:Megaviricetes
2382:
2372:
2371:
2367:
2366:
2364:
2362:
2361:
2356:
2350:
2349:
2345:
2344:
2342:
2340:
2339:
2334:
2331:
2329:
2328:
2323:
2320:
2318:
2317:
2312:
2309:
2307:
2306:
2301:
2298:
2296:
2295:
2290:
2268:
2267:
2263:
2262:
2260:
2258:
2257:
2252:
2246:
2245:
2241:
2240:
2238:
2236:
2235:
2234:Sepolyvirales
2230:
2227:
2225:
2224:
2219:
2216:
2214:
2213:
2212:Cossaviricota
2208:
2205:
2203:
2202:
2197:
2194:
2192:
2191:
2186:
2164:
2163:
2162:Zobellviridae
2159:
2157:
2156:
2152:
2150:
2149:
2148:Schitoviridae
2145:
2143:
2142:
2138:
2136:
2135:
2131:
2129:
2128:
2124:
2122:
2121:
2117:
2115:
2114:
2110:
2108:
2107:
2106:Guelinviridae
2103:
2101:
2100:
2096:
2094:
2093:
2089:
2087:
2086:
2082:
2080:
2079:
2075:
2073:
2072:
2068:
2067:
2065:
2063:
2062:
2057:
2054:
2052:
2051:
2046:
2043:
2041:
2040:
2035:
2021:
2020:
2016:
2014:
2013:
2012:Herpesviridae
2009:
2007:
2006:
2002:
2001:
1999:
1997:
1996:
1995:Herpesvirales
1991:
1988:
1986:
1985:
1980:
1977:
1975:
1974:
1973:Peploviricota
1969:
1966:
1964:
1963:
1958:
1955:
1953:
1952:
1951:Duplodnaviria
1947:
1925:
1924:
1920:
1919:
1917:
1915:
1914:
1909:
1903:
1902:
1898:
1896:
1895:
1891:
1890:
1888:
1886:
1885:
1880:
1877:
1875:
1874:
1873:Tokiviricetes
1869:
1866:
1864:
1863:
1862:Taleaviricota
1858:
1855:
1853:
1852:
1847:
1844:
1842:
1841:
1836:
1832:
1828:
1827:dsDNA viruses
1822:
1818:
1815:
1813:
1809:
1804:
1800:
1793:
1788:
1786:
1781:
1779:
1774:
1773:
1770:
1764:
1760:
1758:
1754:
1752:
1748:
1746:
1745:
1744:Baculoviridae
1741:
1737:
1735:
1734:
1733:Baculoviridae
1730:
1726:
1725:
1721:
1715:
1709:
1705:
1700:
1696:
1690:
1686:
1681:
1677:
1673:
1669:
1668:
1662:
1661:
1657:
1652:
1651:
1646:
1643:
1639:
1633:
1625:
1619:
1615:
1610:
1608:
1605:
1604:
1600:
1591:
1587:
1582:
1577:
1572:
1567:
1563:
1559:
1555:
1551:
1547:
1540:
1537:
1532:
1528:
1524:
1520:
1516:
1512:
1505:
1502:
1497:
1493:
1489:
1485:
1482:(2): 234–40.
1481:
1477:
1470:
1467:
1454:
1450:
1446:
1442:
1438:
1434:
1430:
1426:
1422:
1418:
1411:
1408:
1403:
1399:
1395:
1391:
1387:
1383:
1379:
1375:
1368:
1365:
1359:
1356:
1351:
1347:
1342:
1337:
1333:
1329:
1325:
1321:
1317:
1310:
1307:
1299:
1293:
1290:
1285:
1281:
1276:
1271:
1267:
1263:
1259:
1255:
1251:
1247:
1243:
1236:
1233:
1228:
1224:
1220:
1216:
1212:
1208:
1204:
1200:
1196:
1192:
1184:
1181:
1176:
1172:
1168:
1164:
1161:(5): 428–33.
1160:
1156:
1149:
1146:
1141:
1137:
1133:
1129:
1125:
1121:
1118:(2): 109–23.
1117:
1113:
1106:
1103:
1098:
1094:
1089:
1084:
1080:
1076:
1072:
1068:
1064:
1057:
1054:
1049:
1045:
1041:
1037:
1034:(2): 234–40.
1033:
1029:
1022:
1019:
1014:
1010:
1006:
999:
996:
991:
987:
983:
979:
975:
971:
963:
960:
948:
942:
939:
934:
930:
925:
920:
915:
910:
906:
902:
898:
894:
890:
883:
880:
867:
863:
857:
854:
841:
837:
831:
828:
823:
819:
814:
809:
805:
801:
797:
790:
787:
780:
776:
773:
771:
768:
765:
761:
758:
756:
755:
751:
749:
746:
744:
743:
739:
738:
734:
728:
723:
718:
716:
712:
707:
706:
697:
695:
693:
689:
686:
682:
678:
675:
670:
668:
664:
660:
656:
655:Baculoviridae
652:
648:
644:
640:
634:
633:Baculoviridae
630:
622:
620:
618:
617:
612:
611:
606:
605:
600:
599:
594:
586:
584:
582:
573:
571:
569:
565:
564:
558:
556:
552:
548:
544:
543:
537:
535:
533:
529:
524:
520:
519:
514:
512:
508:
504:
496:
494:
492:
486:
482:
480:
475:
473:
469:
465:
457:
455:
453:
449:
445:
440:
436:
434:
430:
427:
423:
419:
410:
403:
401:
399:
390:
383:
381:
377:
370:
368:Late (6–24 h)
367:
364:
363:
362:
355:
351:
349:
348:glycoproteins
345:
341:
337:
336:Nucleocapsids
333:
329:
326:
320:
318:
314:
309:
308:invertebrates
304:
302:
298:
294:
285:
277:
270:
268:
266:
262:
258:
254:
250:
246:
245:cell cultures
242:
238:
230:
228:
226:
222:
219:
215:
211:
210:biopesticides
206:
204:
200:
196:
192:
186:
184:
180:
176:
172:
168:
164:
160:
159:
158:Baculoviridae
148:
147:
143:
141:
140:
136:
134:
133:
129:
127:
126:
122:
121:
119:
114:
111:
110:
109:Baculoviridae
106:
103:
102:
99:
98:
94:
91:
90:
87:
86:
82:
79:
78:
75:
72:
69:
68:
63:
58:
54:
49:
45:
40:
37:
36:Baculoviridae
33:
30:
19:
5606:
5551:
5543:Ortervirales
5541:
5529:
5519:
5508:
5497:
5488:Pararnavirae
5486:
5475:
5423:Retroviridae
5421:
5414:
5407:
5400:
5392:Ortervirales
5390:
5379:
5368:
5359:Pararnavirae
5357:
5346:
5279:
5269:
5258:
5244:Xinmoviridae
5242:
5235:
5228:
5221:
5214:
5209:Nyamiviridae
5207:
5200:
5195:Lispiviridae
5193:
5186:
5181:Bornaviridae
5179:
5172:
5162:
5150:
5145:Myriaviridae
5143:
5136:
5129:
5124:Aliusviridae
5122:
5112:
5101:
5085:
5075:
5064:
5048:
5041:
5031:
5020:
5004:
4999:Tospoviridae
4997:
4990:
4983:
4976:
4971:Nairoviridae
4969:
4962:
4955:
4950:Hantaviridae
4948:
4941:
4936:Arenaviridae
4934:
4929:Cruliviridae
4927:
4919:Bunyavirales
4917:
4906:
4890:
4880:
4869:
4858:
4847:
4836:
4790:
4783:
4779:
4755:Astroviridae
4753:
4743:
4731:
4721:
4710:
4694:
4689:Barnaviridae
4687:
4680:
4670:
4658:
4651:
4644:
4637:
4630:
4623:
4618:Marnaviridae
4616:
4609:
4599:
4587:
4580:
4575:Olifoviridae
4573:
4566:
4559:
4552:
4545:
4538:
4531:
4524:
4517:
4510:
4503:
4496:
4486:
4475:
4466:Pisuviricota
4464:
4444:
4436:Ourlivirales
4434:
4425:Miaviricetes
4423:
4407:
4397:
4386:
4372:Narnaviridae
4370:
4360:
4349:
4333:
4328:Blumeviridae
4326:
4318:Timlovirales
4316:
4304:
4299:Fiersviridae
4297:
4290:
4283:
4275:Norzivirales
4273:
4262:
4251:
4231:
4226:Luteoviridae
4224:
4217:
4207:
4196:
4180:
4173:
4163:
4152:
4138:Flaviviridae
4136:
4126:
4115:
4099:
4092:
4085:
4078:
4071:
4061:
4051:Virgaviridae
4049:
4042:
4035:
4028:
4021:
4014:
4009:Bromoviridae
4007:
3997:
3985:
3978:
3971:
3964:
3954:
3943:
3932:
3921:
3910:
3864:
3860:
3853:
3848:Birnaviridae
3846:
3842:
3816:
3809:
3802:
3795:
3788:
3780:Durnavirales
3778:
3767:
3758:Pisuviricota
3756:
3738:Cystoviridae
3736:
3728:Mindivirales
3726:
3715:
3699:
3689:
3678:
3662:
3655:
3648:
3641:
3631:
3620:
3609:
3598:
3587:
3538:Spiraviridae
3536:
3529:
3522:
3518:
3484:
3474:
3463:
3454:Saleviricota
3452:
3441:
3417:
3410:
3400:
3389:
3373:
3365:Recrevirales
3363:
3351:
3344:
3336:Mulpavirales
3334:
3324:Smacoviridae
3322:
3314:Cremevirales
3312:
3302:Circoviridae
3300:
3292:Cirlivirales
3290:
3278:
3270:Baphyvirales
3268:
3257:
3246:
3228:Parvoviridae
3226:
3218:Piccovirales
3216:
3205:
3191:Bidnaviridae
3189:
3179:
3170:Mouviricetes
3168:
3157:
3148:Shotokuvirae
3146:
3124:Microviridae
3122:
3114:Petitvirales
3112:
3101:
3092:Phixviricota
3090:
3079:
3055:
3048:
3041:
3031:
3020:
3009:
2998:
2989:Monodnaviria
2987:
2945:
2940:Dinodnavirus
2938:
2934:
2927:
2920:
2913:
2906:
2901:Ovaliviridae
2899:
2892:
2887:Guttaviridae
2885:
2878:
2871:
2866:Clavaviridae
2864:
2857:
2850:
2846:
2824:
2806:
2799:
2793:
2792:
2782:
2771:
2736:
2729:
2722:
2712:
2701:
2690:
2679:
2655:
2645:
2635:Adenoviridae
2633:
2623:
2613:Tectiviridae
2611:
2601:
2591:Turriviridae
2589:
2579:
2568:
2552:
2542:
2531:
2515:
2505:
2494:
2483:
2463:
2458:Iridoviridae
2456:
2449:
2439:
2427:
2417:
2405:
2395:
2384:
2368:
2360:Chitovirales
2358:
2348:Asfarviridae
2346:
2336:
2325:
2314:
2305:Bamfordvirae
2303:
2294:Varidnaviria
2292:
2264:
2254:
2242:
2232:
2221:
2210:
2201:Shotokuvirae
2199:
2190:Monodnaviria
2188:
2160:
2155:Siphoviridae
2153:
2146:
2139:
2132:
2125:
2118:
2111:
2104:
2097:
2090:
2085:Chaseviridae
2083:
2076:
2069:
2061:Caudovirales
2059:
2048:
2037:
2017:
2010:
2003:
1993:
1982:
1971:
1960:
1949:
1921:
1913:Primavirales
1911:
1899:
1892:
1882:
1871:
1860:
1849:
1838:
1743:
1739:
1732:
1728:
1703:
1684:
1666:
1648:
1613:
1553:
1549:
1539:
1517:(1): 68–75.
1514:
1510:
1504:
1479:
1475:
1469:
1457:. Retrieved
1424:
1420:
1410:
1394:10.2307/5220
1377:
1373:
1367:
1358:
1326:(2): 250–9.
1323:
1319:
1309:
1292:
1249:
1245:
1235:
1194:
1190:
1183:
1158:
1154:
1148:
1115:
1111:
1105:
1070:
1066:
1056:
1031:
1027:
1021:
1013:the original
1008:
998:
976:(1): 146–8.
973:
969:
962:
950:. Retrieved
941:
896:
892:
882:
870:. Retrieved
856:
844:. Retrieved
836:"Viral Zone"
830:
803:
799:
789:
760:Pancrustacea
752:
740:
703:
701:
692:fall webworm
671:
654:
650:
638:
637:
632:
614:
608:
602:
596:
592:
590:
577:
563:Trichoplusia
561:
559:
555:B. heliothis
554:
546:
540:
538:
526:
516:
515:
500:
497:Applications
490:
487:
483:
476:
471:
470:(BmNPV) and
467:
463:
461:
451:
447:
443:
441:
437:
417:
415:
395:
378:
374:
360:
344:cell nucleus
321:
316:
305:
290:
234:
207:
187:
157:
156:
155:
144:
137:
130:
123:
108:
107:
96:
84:
70:(unranked):
35:
29:
5631:Wikispecies
5409:Metaviridae
5188:Filoviridae
5174:Artoviridae
5087:Aspiviridae
4964:Mypoviridae
4943:Fimoviridae
4733:Potyviridae
4646:Secoviridae
4639:Iflaviridae
4582:Roniviridae
4488:Nidovirales
4409:Mitoviridae
4292:Duinviridae
4209:Tolivirales
4175:Nodaviridae
4101:Tymoviridae
4063:Tymovirales
4044:Togaviridae
4037:Mayoviridae
4030:Kitaviridae
3980:Hepeviridae
3973:Benyviridae
3804:Hypoviridae
3664:Totiviridae
3353:Nanoviridae
3181:Polivirales
3081:Sangervirae
2826:Nimaviridae
2808:Nudiviridae
2784:Lefavirales
2647:Vinavirales
2625:Rowavirales
2451:Ascoviridae
2429:Mimiviridae
2397:Algavirales
2338:Asfuvirales
2127:Podoviridae
2039:Uroviricota
1901:Rudiviridae
1851:Zilligvirae
1729:ICTV Report
705:Nudiviridae
532:N. lecontei
479:amino acids
468:Bombyx mori
257:recombinant
175:Hymenoptera
171:Lepidoptera
97:Lefavirales
5746:Categories
5281:Yueviridae
5237:Sunviridae
5131:Chuviridae
4892:Qinviridae
4773:Unassigned
3836:Unassigned
3701:Reoviridae
3691:Reovirales
3512:Unassigned
3443:Trapavirae
3043:Inoviridae
2840:Unassigned
2818:Unassigned
2764:Unassigned
2370:Poxviridae
2120:Myoviridae
1459:1 February
1421:Arch Virol
838:. ExPASy.
781:References
674:polyhedral
293:polyhedrin
243:in insect
203:vertebrate
195:mosquitoes
167:Arthropods
5477:Riboviria
5348:Riboviria
4882:Muvirales
4838:Riboviria
3912:Riboviria
3589:Riboviria
3000:Loebvirae
1840:Adnaviria
1799:Baltimore
1740:Viralzone
1632:cite book
1266:0022-538X
1211:0145-479X
952:16 August
742:Cypovirus
698:Evolution
657:, mostly
574:Biosafety
542:Heliothis
431:with 154
332:endosomes
328:membranes
255:). These
201:or other
199:mammalian
5616:Wikidata
4780:Families
3843:Families
3519:Families
2847:Families
1676:31294936
1647:(1998).
1590:21911395
1496:22475077
1453:Archived
1441:16648963
1350:19000731
1227:44943721
1219:19629661
1175:10508635
1140:34863069
1132:10612411
1097:28031366
1048:22475077
990:18541133
866:Archived
840:Archived
822:29947603
719:See also
685:alkaline
665:and two
647:subgenus
587:Taxonomy
503:Monsanto
398:alkaline
297:granulin
261:vaccines
241:proteins
237:silkworm
214:circular
191:sawflies
104:Family:
5622:Q763221
1581:3179036
1558:Bibcode
1519:Bibcode
1449:6293565
1382:Bibcode
1341:2683685
1320:Vaccine
1284:8392598
1088:5309959
933:7479733
901:Bibcode
846:15 June
593:baculus
183:species
179:Diptera
163:viruses
116:Genera
92:Order:
80:Class:
5729:600016
5703:106840
5677:1BACUF
3861:Genera
2935:Genera
1710:
1691:
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1588:
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931:
921:
872:12 May
820:
748:BacMam
688:midgut
677:capsid
523:sawfly
429:genome
313:shrimp
193:, and
5724:WoRMS
5716:10442
5698:IRMNG
5651:6235K
5462:VII:
3574:III:
1445:S2CID
1398:JSTOR
1301:(PDF)
1223:S2CID
1136:S2CID
1073:(5).
924:40743
764:clade
645:as a
340:actin
247:(see
74:Virus
5711:NCBI
5690:1925
5685:GBIF
5672:EPPO
5664:5041
5333:VI:
3897:IV:
2974:II:
1708:ISBN
1689:ISBN
1672:PMID
1638:link
1618:ISBN
1586:PMID
1492:PMID
1461:2019
1437:PMID
1402:5220
1346:PMID
1280:PMID
1262:ISSN
1215:PMID
1207:ISSN
1171:PMID
1128:PMID
1093:PMID
1044:PMID
986:PMID
954:2024
929:PMID
874:2021
848:2015
818:PMID
672:The
452:ac83
448:ac83
265:H5N1
249:Sf21
177:and
5659:EoL
5646:CoL
4823:V:
3561:RNA
1825:I:
1812:DNA
1576:PMC
1566:doi
1554:108
1527:doi
1484:doi
1429:doi
1425:151
1390:doi
1336:PMC
1328:doi
1270:PMC
1254:doi
1199:doi
1163:doi
1120:doi
1083:PMC
1075:doi
1036:doi
978:doi
974:380
919:PMC
909:doi
808:doi
711:310
649:of
444:cis
426:kbp
295:or
225:kbp
221:DNA
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