372:
177:
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40:
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and they are selectively removed from the nuclear pore complexes. After that, the rest of the nuclear pore complexes break apart simultaneously. Biochemical evidence suggests that the nuclear pore complexes disassemble into stable pieces rather than disintegrating into small polypeptide fragments.
269:
which penetrate the membranes. While the two membranes and the endoplasmic reticulum are linked, proteins embedded in the membranes tend to stay put rather than dispersing across the continuum. It is lined with a fiber network called the nuclear lamina which is 10-40 nm thick and provides
163:
The nuclear envelope is made up of two lipid bilayer membranes, an inner nuclear membrane and an outer nuclear membrane. These membranes are connected to each other by nuclear pores. Two sets of intermediate filaments provide support for the nuclear envelope. An internal network forms the
484:-bacterial symbiosis. Several ideas have been proposed for the evolutionary origin of the nuclear membrane. These ideas include the invagination of the plasma membrane in a prokaryote ancestor, or the formation of a genuine new membrane system following the establishment of proto-
213:
proteins) present in mammals are expressed in the outer nuclear membrane. Nesprin proteins connect cytoskeletal filaments to the nucleoskeleton. Nesprin-mediated connections to the cytoskeleton contribute to nuclear positioning and to the cell’s mechanosensory function.
230:
and link the nuclear envelope to cytoplasmic intermediate filaments. Nesprin-4 proteins bind the plus end directed motor kinesin-1. The outer nuclear membrane is also involved in development, as it fuses with the inner nuclear membrane to form nuclear pores.
1382:
Raab M, Gentili M, de Belly H, Thiam HR, Vargas P, Jimenez AJ, Lautenschlaeger F, Voituriez R, Lennon-Duménil AM, Manel N, Piel M (2016). "ESCRT III repairs nuclear envelope ruptures during cell migration to limit DNA damage and cell death".
425:
protein complexes. During nuclear membrane rupture events, DNA double-strand breaks occur. Thus the survival of cells migrating through confined environments appears to depend on efficient nuclear envelope and
168:
on the inner nuclear membrane. A looser network forms outside to give external support. The actual shape of the nuclear envelope is irregular. It has invaginations and protrusions and can be observed with an
126:
The nuclear envelope consists of two lipid bilayer membranes: an inner nuclear membrane and an outer nuclear membrane. The space between the membranes is called the perinuclear space. It is usually about
417:
stage of the cell cycle. This transient rupture is likely caused by nuclear deformation. The rupture is rapidly repaired by a process dependent on "endosomal sorting complexes required for transport" (
433:
Aberrant nuclear envelope breakdown has also been observed in laminopathies and in cancer cells leading to mislocalization of cellular proteins, the formation of micronuclei and genomic instability.
398:
M-Cdk's also phosphorylate elements of the nuclear lamina (the framework that supports the envelope) leading to the disassembly of the lamina and hence the envelope membranes into small vesicles.
1706:
Bernstein H, Bernstein C. Sexual communication in archaea, the precursor to meiosis. pp. 103-117 in
Biocommunication of Archaea (Guenther Witzany, ed.) 2017. Springer International Publishing
2406:
406:
has given strong evidence that the nuclear membrane is absorbed by the endoplasmic reticulum—nuclear proteins not normally found in the endoplasmic reticulum show up during mitosis.
459:
Re-shaping of the endoplasmic reticulum—where the parts of the endoplasmic reticulum containing the absorbed nuclear membrane envelop the nuclear space, reforming a closed membrane.
355:
either form within the membrane, or penetrate it without tearing it apart. In other eukaryotes (animals as well as plants), the nuclear membrane must break down during the
1124:
Wilhelmsen, Kevin; Litjens, Sandy H. M.; Kuikman, Ingrid; Tshimbalanga, Ntambua; Janssen, Hans; van den Bout, Iman; Raymond, Karine; Sonnenberg, Arnoud (2005-12-05).
72:
205:. While it is physically linked, the outer nuclear membrane contains proteins found in far higher concentrations than the endoplasmic reticulum. All four
1789:
960:
Uzer, Gunes; Thompson, William R.; Sen, Buer; Xie, Zhihui; Yen, Sherwin S.; Miller, Sean; Bas, Guniz; Styner, Maya; Rubin, Clinton T. (2015-06-01).
758:
1711:
1363:
541:
1017:
Crisp, Melissa; Liu, Qian; Roux, Kyle; Rattner, J. B.; Shanahan, Catherine; Burke, Brian; Stahl, Phillip D.; Hodzic, Didier (2006-01-02).
226:, or can bind to proteins in the perinuclear space. Nesprin-3 and -4 may play a role in unloading enormous cargo; Nesprin-3 proteins bind
632:
1970:
707:
Coutinho, Henrique
Douglas M; Falcão-Silva, Vivyanne S; Gonçalves, Gregório Fernandes; da Nóbrega, Raphael Batista (20 April 2009).
691:
488:
in the archaeal host. The adaptive function of the nuclear membrane may have been to serve as a barrier to protect the genome from
1664:
Speijer D (2015). "Birth of the eukaryotes by a set of reactive innovations: New insights force us to relinquish gradual models".
1748:
1736:
453:
371:
278:
240:
188:, the nuclear envelope was automatically segmented and rendered. One vertical and one horizontal slice are added for reference.
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144:
67:
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1181:
Roux, Kyle J.; Crisp, Melissa L.; Liu, Qian; Kim, Daein; Kozlov, Serguei; Stewart, Colin L.; Burke, Brian (2009-02-17).
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In mammals, the nuclear membrane can break down within minutes, following a set of steps during the early stages of
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1126:"Nesprin-3, a novel outer nuclear membrane protein, associates with the cytoskeletal linker protein plectin"
489:
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387:
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312:
258:
79:
1963:
1907:
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132:
339:, the nuclear membrane increases its surface area and doubles its number of nuclear pore complexes. In
222:(linker of nucleoskeleton and cytoskeleton) and can bind directly to cystoskeletal components, such as
60:
1392:
1194:
765:
298:
1948:
1183:"Nesprin 4 is an outer nuclear membrane protein that can induce kinesin-mediated cell polarization"
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to access the chromosomes inside. The breakdown and reformation processes are not well understood.
185:
170:
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and origins of the nuclear membrane led to the proposal that the nucleus emerged in the primitive
303:
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1416:
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Fichtman, Boris; Ramos, Corinne; Rasala, Beth; Harel, Amnon; Forbes, Douglass J. (2010-12-01).
592:
1912:
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1590:"Comparative genomics, evolution and origins of the nuclear envelope and nuclear pore complex"
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on the inner aspect of the inner nuclear membrane and give structural support to the nucleus.
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962:"Cell Mechanosensitivity to Extremely Low-Magnitude Signals Is Enabled by a LINCed Nucleus"
2195:
1984:
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709:"Molecular ageing in progeroid syndromes: Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome as a model"
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108:
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Martin W (2005). "Archaebacteria (Archaea) and the origin of the eukaryotic nucleus".
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In addition to the breakdown of the nuclear membrane during the prometaphase stage of
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Proceedings of the
National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
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1436:"Transient nuclear envelope rupturing during interphase in human cancer cells"
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413:, the nuclear membrane also ruptures in migrating mammalian cells during the
315:, about 100 nm across, with an inner channel about 40 nm wide. The
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1500:
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1265:
1207:
1076:"Nuclear Envelope-Associated Chromosome Dynamics during Meiotic Prophase I."
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Illustrations of nuclear pores and transport through the nuclear membrane
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1534:"Nuclear envelope rupture is induced by actin-based nucleus confinement"
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Animations of nuclear pores and transport through the nuclear envelope
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which stabilizes the nuclear membrane as well as being involved in
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2016:
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1019:"Coupling of the nucleus and cytoplasm: role of the LINC complex"
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of nuclear membrane fuse together to rebuild the nuclear membrane
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A volumetric surface render (red) of the nuclear envelope of one
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274:
1952:
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1358:(5th ed.). New York: Garland Science. pp. 1079–1080.
1485:"Nuclear envelope rupture drives genome instability in cancer"
1250:"Inner/Outer Nuclear Membrane Fusion in Nuclear Pore Assembly"
351:, the nuclear membrane stays intact during cell division. The
323:, proteins that link the inner and outer nuclear membranes.
27:
Nuclear membrane surrounding the nucleus in eukaryotic cells
1354:
Alberts; et al. (2008). "Chapter 17: The Cell Cycle".
800:
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wide. The outer nuclear membrane is continuous with the
480:
ancestor (the “prekaryote”), and was triggered by the
311:
The nuclear envelope is punctured by around a thousand
1730: – Histology Learning System at Boston University
1588:
Mans BJ, Anantharaman V, Aravind L, Koonin EV (2004).
1307:"The inner nuclear membrane: simple, or very complex?"
2339:
2239:
2209:
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1991:
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1806:
913:"Nuclei take a position: managing nuclear location"
854:Wilson, Katherine L.; Berk, Jason M. (2010-06-15).
66:
54:
49:
32:
675:
2407:transcription factors and intracellular receptors
627:(4th ed.). New York : Garland. p. 197.
441:Exactly how the nuclear membrane reforms during
1377:
1375:
492:(ROS) produced by the cells' pre-mitochondria.
1964:
1783:
8:
1079:Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology
759:"Chloride channels in the Nuclear membrane"
445:of mitosis is debated. Two theories exist—
307:Nuclear pores crossing the nuclear envelope
265:. It is connected to the outer membrane by
218:proteins of Nesprin-1 and -2 are part of a
2213:
1971:
1957:
1949:
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911:Burke, Brian; Roux, Kyle J. (2009-11-01).
811:Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology
1760:at the U.S. National Library of Medicine
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184:. The cell was observed in 300 slices of
139:that allow materials to move between the
135:membrane. The nuclear envelope has many
529:
501:
83:
29:
682:. San Diego: Academic Press. p.
201:also shares a common border with the
7:
1305:Georgatos, S. D. (April 19, 2001).
805:Hetzer, Mertin (February 3, 2010).
542:"Cell Nucleus and Nuclear Envelope"
856:"The nuclear envelope at a glance"
25:
38:
279:inner nuclear membrane proteins
241:Inner nuclear membrane proteins
678:Nuclear structure and function
464:Origin of the nuclear membrane
359:stage of mitosis to allow the
145:Intermediate filament proteins
1:
1714:DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-65536-9
1489:Molecular Biology of the Cell
1356:Molecular Biology of The Cell
1254:Molecular Biology of the Cell
1074:Zeng, X; et al. (2018).
764:. Harvard.edu. Archived from
674:Berrios, Miguel, ed. (1998).
625:Molecular biology of the cell
1434:Vargas; et al. (2012).
930:10.1016/j.devcel.2009.10.018
375:Breakdown and reassembly in
151:form a structure called the
1868:Peripheral membrane protein
1532:Hatch; et al. (2016).
1130:The Journal of Cell Biology
1023:The Journal of Cell Biology
823:10.1101/cshperspect.a000539
468:A study of the comparative
209:proteins (nuclear envelope
2466:
2341:Transition nuclear protein
1859:Integral membrane proteins
292:
238:
2420:
2400:
2387:
2367:
2216:
2179:Perinucleolar compartment
1728:Histology image: 20102loa
1643:10.1016/j.mib.2005.10.004
1483:Lim; et al. (2016).
544:. gsu.edu. Archived from
78:
37:
1762:Medical Subject Headings
1323:10.1093/emboj/20.12.2989
1092:10.3389/fcell.2017.00121
538:Georgia State University
508:Less used names include
253:, and is covered by the
1903:Lipid raft/microdomains
1538:Journal of Cell Biology
1501:10.1091/mbc.E16-02-0098
1495:(21). MBoC: 3210–3213.
1405:10.1126/science.aad7611
1266:10.1091/mbc.E10-04-0309
1208:10.1073/pnas.0808602106
623:Alberts, Bruce (2002).
490:reactive oxygen species
404:fluorescence microscopy
1908:Membrane contact sites
1872:Lipid-anchored protein
1854:Membrane glycoproteins
1678:10.1002/bies.201500107
1446:(1). Nucleus: 88–100.
1440:Nucleus (Austin, Tex.)
807:"The Nuclear Envelope"
379:
361:mitotic spindle fibers
313:nuclear pore complexes
308:
259:intermediate filaments
247:inner nuclear membrane
199:outer nuclear membrane
189:
80:Anatomical terminology
2450:Nuclear substructures
1863:transmembrane protein
1631:Curr. Opin. Microbiol
1550:10.1083/jcb.201603053
1142:10.1083/jcb.200506083
1035:10.1083/jcb.200509124
726:10.1186/1742-4933-6-4
713:Immunity & Ageing
374:
347:which undergo closed
306:
239:Further information:
203:endoplasmic reticulum
179:
133:endoplasmic reticulum
119:, which encloses the
1888:Caveolae/Coated pits
1607:10.4161/cc.3.12.1316
319:contain a number of
299:Nuclear pore complex
277:that encode for the
104:, is made up of two
100:, also known as the
2132:Cajal (coiled) body
1993:Envelope (membrane)
1397:2016Sci...352..359R
1199:2009PNAS..106.2194R
649:"Perinuclear space"
186:electron microscopy
171:electron microscope
1979:Structures of the
1913:Membrane nanotubes
1798:Structures of the
1751:2009-02-07 at the
1739:2009-02-07 at the
1452:10.4161/nucl.18954
917:Developmental Cell
872:10.1242/jcs.019042
593:"nuclear membrane"
571:Biology Dictionary
567:"Nuclear membrane"
380:
309:
281:can cause several
263:chromatin function
190:
98:nuclear envelope
61:H1.00.01.2.01001
44:Human cell nucleus
2432:
2431:
2416:
2415:
1946:
1945:
1846:Membrane proteins
1712:978-3-319-65535-2
1544:(1). JCB: 27–36.
1365:978-0-8153-4106-2
1317:(12): 2989–2994.
1260:(23): 4197–4211.
978:10.1002/stem.2004
866:(12): 1973–1978.
595:. Merriam Webster
273:Mutations in the
143:and the nucleus.
94:
93:
89:
16:(Redirected from
2457:
2445:Membrane biology
2425:nucleus diseases
2374:(Nucleoskeleton)
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1923:Nodes of Ranvier
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1391:(6283): 359–62.
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1311:The EMBO Journal
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771:on 2 August 2010
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573:. Biology Online
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121:genetic material
113:eukaryotic cells
102:nuclear membrane
86:edit on Wikidata
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33:Nuclear envelope
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289:Nuclear pores
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283:laminopathies
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249:encloses the
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2006:Pore complex
1992:
1981:cell nucleus
1927:
1826:Lipoproteins
1702:
1669:
1665:
1659:
1637:(6): 630–7.
1634:
1630:
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1571:. Retrieved
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773:. Retrieved
766:the original
753:
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669:
657:. Retrieved
652:
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597:. Retrieved
587:
575:. Retrieved
570:
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550:. Retrieved
546:the original
532:
513:
509:
504:
486:mitochondria
467:
440:
432:
408:
395:polypeptides
381:
357:prometaphase
330:
321:nucleoporins
310:
295:Nuclear pore
272:
257:, a mesh of
246:
244:
220:LINC complex
198:
196:
162:
125:
101:
97:
95:
2380:(Nucleosol)
2378:Nucleoplasm
2241:SMC protein
2231:Paraspeckle
2012:Nucleoporin
510:nucleolemma
437:Reformation
392:nucleoporin
331:During the
251:nucleoplasm
216:KASH domain
127:10–50
50:Identifiers
2439:Categories
2319:DNA repair
1898:Glycocalyx
1594:Cell Cycle
966:Stem Cells
860:J Cell Sci
775:7 December
659:7 December
653:Dictionary
599:7 December
577:7 December
552:2014-01-21
524:References
514:karyotheca
478:eukaryotic
428:DNA repair
415:interphase
341:eukaryotes
337:interphase
270:strength.
2423:see also
2405:see also
2272:Condensin
2221:Chromatin
2124:Nucleolus
1938:Porosomes
1666:BioEssays
1274:1059-1524
1217:1091-6490
1150:0021-9525
1043:0021-9525
986:1066-5099
939:1878-1551
880:0021-9533
474:evolution
443:telophase
423:cytosolic
386:. First,
367:Breakdown
317:complexes
182:HeLa cell
159:Structure
109:membranes
1749:Archived
1737:Archived
1694:20068849
1686:26577075
1651:16242992
1616:15611647
1573:24 March
1568:27697922
1519:27799497
1470:22567193
1421:28544308
1413:27013426
1341:11406575
1292:20926687
1235:19164528
1168:16330710
1111:29376050
1061:16380439
1004:25787126
947:19922864
898:20519579
841:20300205
745:19379495
470:genomics
454:vesicles
452:— where
400:Electron
343:such as
333:G2 phase
111:that in
2250:Cohesin
1836:Sterols
1559:5057282
1510:5170854
1461:3342953
1393:Bibcode
1385:Science
1283:2993748
1226:2650131
1195:Bibcode
1159:2171291
1102:5767173
1085:: 121.
1052:2063530
995:4458857
889:2880010
832:2829960
736:2674425
482:archaeo
411:mitosis
388:M-Cdk's
384:mitosis
377:mitosis
349:mitosis
228:plectin
207:nesprin
147:called
141:cytosol
117:nucleus
2302:NCAPH2
2292:NCAPG2
2282:NCAPD3
2277:NCAPD2
2189:CUGBP1
2162:GEMIN7
2157:GEMIN6
2152:GEMIN5
2147:GEMIN4
2142:GEMIN2
2107:NUP214
2102:NUP210
2097:NUP205
2092:NUP188
2087:NUP160
2082:NUP155
2077:NUP153
2072:NUP133
2067:NUP107
1764:(MeSH)
1710:
1692:
1684:
1649:
1614:
1566:
1556:
1517:
1507:
1468:
1458:
1419:
1411:
1362:
1339:
1332:150211
1329:
1290:
1280:
1272:
1233:
1223:
1215:
1166:
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1148:
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1059:
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1041:
1002:
992:
984:
945:
937:
896:
886:
878:
839:
829:
743:
733:
690:
631:
149:lamins
2392:LITAF
2297:NCAPH
2287:NCAPG
2260:SMC1B
2255:SMC1A
2210:Other
2201:ATXN7
2184:PTBP1
2167:DDX20
2062:NUP98
2057:NUP93
2052:NUP88
2047:NUP85
2042:NUP62
2037:NUP54
2032:NUP50
2027:NUP43
2022:NUP37
2017:NUP35
1881:Other
1690:S2CID
1417:S2CID
769:(PDF)
762:(PDF)
719:: 4.
496:Notes
419:ESCRT
345:yeast
275:genes
84:[
73:63888
2357:TNP2
2352:TNP1
2329:SMC6
2324:SMC5
2312:SMC4
2307:SMC2
2265:SMC3
2196:TCOF
2172:COIL
2114:AAAS
1708:ISBN
1682:PMID
1647:PMID
1612:PMID
1575:2019
1564:PMID
1515:PMID
1466:PMID
1409:PMID
1360:ISBN
1337:PMID
1288:PMID
1270:ISSN
1231:PMID
1213:ISSN
1164:PMID
1146:ISSN
1107:PMID
1057:PMID
1039:ISSN
1000:PMID
982:ISSN
943:PMID
935:ISSN
894:PMID
876:ISSN
837:PMID
777:2012
741:PMID
688:ISBN
661:2012
629:ISBN
601:2012
579:2012
512:and
402:and
297:and
245:The
197:The
96:The
2137:SMN
1674:doi
1639:doi
1602:doi
1554:PMC
1546:doi
1542:215
1505:PMC
1497:doi
1456:PMC
1448:doi
1401:doi
1389:352
1327:PMC
1319:doi
1278:PMC
1262:doi
1221:PMC
1203:doi
1191:106
1154:PMC
1138:doi
1134:171
1097:PMC
1087:doi
1047:PMC
1031:doi
1027:172
990:PMC
974:doi
925:doi
884:PMC
868:doi
864:123
827:PMC
819:doi
731:PMC
721:doi
335:of
68:FMA
2441::
1983:/
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88:]
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
