3581:
Bruce, Lori; Buckler, Max; Cabral
Grinspan, Mauro; Cannoot, Pieter; Carpenter, Morgan; Catto, Marie-XaviĂšre; CatalĂĄn, MoisĂ©s; Chambers, Clare; Chapin, Georganne; Chegwidden, James; Christian Ghattas, Dan; Clough, Sharyn; Conroy, RonĂĄn M.; Dabbagh, Hossein; Dalke, Katharine B.; DalliĂšre, Sophie; Danon, Limor Meoded; Davis, Dena S.; Davis, Georgiann; Dawson, Angela J.; DeLaet, Debra L.; Dranseika, Vilius; DuBoff, Max; Dwyer, James G.; Earp, Brian D.; Esho, Tammary; EssĂ©n, Birgitta; Fahmy, Mohamed A. Baky; Feder, Ellen K.; Ferreira, Nuno; Fillod, Odile; Florquin, StĂ©phanie; FoldĂšs, Pierre; Fox, Marie; Frisch, Morten; Fusaschi, Michela; Garland, Fae; Geisheker, John; Gheaus, Anca; GimĂ©nez Barbat, Teresa; Levin Freifrau von Gleichen, Tobe; Godwin, Samantha; Goldman, Ronald; Gonzalez-Polledo, E. J.; Goodman, Jenny; Gradilla, Alexandro JosĂ©; Gruenbaum, Ellen; Gwaambuka, Tatenda; Hatem-Gantzer, Ghada; Hakim, M.; Hammond, Tim; Hannikainen, Ivar R.; van der Have, Miriam; Herbenick, Debby; Higashi, Yuko; Hill, B. Jessie; Johansen, R. Elise B.; Johari, Aarefa; Johnson-Agbakwu, Crista; Johnson, Matthew T.; Kimani, Samue; Komba, Eva; Kolak, Julia; Koukoui, Sophia; Kraus, Cynthia; Latham, Stephen R.; Laurent, Bo; Learner, Hazel; Lempert, Antony; Lenta, Patrick; Lesslar, Olivia; Lewis, Jonathan; Liao, Lih-Mei; Lorshbough, Erika; Lurenbaum, Jean-Christophe; MacDonald, Noni E.; McAllister, Ryan; Meddings, Jonathan; Merli, Claudia; Mertens, Mayli; Milos, Marilyn; Mishori, Ranit; Monro, Surya; Moss, Lisa Braver; Munzer, Stephen R.; Nazri, Hannah M.; Ncayiyana, Daniel; Neiders, Ivars; Ngosso, LondĂ©; Nguena, Marianne; van Niekerk, Anton A.; Nobis, Nathan; Oduor, Alphonce Odhiambo; OâNeill, Sarah; Ottenheimer, Deborah; Paalanen, Panda; Palacios-GonzĂĄlez, CĂ©sar; Qing, Xin; Radcliffe Richards, Janet; Ramus, Franck; Rashid Khan, Abdul; Ray, Saarrah; Reis, Elizabeth; Reis-Dennis, Samuel; Remennick, Larissa; Richard, Fabienne; Roen, Katrina; Rubashkyn, Eliana; Sarajlic, Eldar; Sardi, Lauren; Schuklenk, Udo; Shahvisi, Arianne; Shaw, David; Sinden, Guy; Sidler, Daniel; Skitka, Linda; Somerville, Margaret A.; Sterckx, Sigrid; Svoboda, J. Steven; Taher, Mariya; Tangwa, Godfrey B.; Thomson, Michael; Townsend, Kate Goldie; Travis, Mitchell; Van Howe, Robert S.; Vash-Margita, Alla; Verhagen, Emmanuelle; Vilponen, Tiina; Villani, Michela; Viloria, Hida; Vintiadis, Elly; Virgili, Tommaso; VissandjĂ©e, Bilkis; Ungar-Sargon, Eliyahu; Wahlberg, Anna; Wald, Rebecca; Walsh, Reubs J.; Weisenberg, Desmond; Wenger, Hannah; Wisdom, Travis; Zelayandia, Ernesto; ZiemiĆska, Renata; Zieselman, Kimberly; Ziyada, Mai Mahgoub (17 July 2024).
2907:. Complications are rare. Modern proponents say that circumcision reduces the risks of a range of infections and diseases and confers sexual benefits. Opponents, particularly of routine neonatal circumcision, question its preventive efficacy and object to subjecting non-consenting newborn males to a procedure that is potentially harmful, in their view, with little to no benefit, as well as violating their human rights and possibly negatively impacting their sex life. There is a consensus among the world's major medical organizations and in the academic literature that circumcision is an efficacious intervention for HIV prevention in high-risk populations if carried out by medical professionals under safe conditions. They hold variant perspectives on the prophylactic efficacy of the elective circumcision of minors in
2689:. She states that the media, such as pornography, creates an unhealthy view of what a "good looking vagina" is and how women feel that their privates are inferior and are therefore pressured to act upon that mindset. These insecurities are forced upon women by their partners and other women as well. Also leading to a surge of these types of procedures is increased interest in non-surgical genital alterations, such as Brazilian waxing, that make the vulva more visible to judgment. The incentive to participate in vulvo- and vaginoplasty may also come about in an effort to manage women's physical attributes and their sexual behavior, treating their vagina as something needing to be managed or controlled and ultimately deemed "acceptable".
2704:
2926:
2642:
3745:, p. 121, n. 62: "This estimate is derived from weighted averages of FGM/C prevalence among girls aged 0 to 14 and girls and women aged 15 to 49, using the most recently available DHS, MICS and SHHS data (1997â2012) for the 29 countries where FGM/C is concentrated. The number of girls and women who have been cut was calculated using 2011 demographic figures produced by the UN Population Division ... The number of cut women aged 50 and older is based on FGM/C prevalence in women aged 45 to 49."
2880:
111:
3759:, USAID, DHS Working Papers, No. 39, March 2008, pp. 13â14: "Infibulation is practiced largely in countries located in northeastern Africa: Djibouti, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Somalia, and Sudan. Survey data are available for Sudan, Eritrea, Ethiopia and Djibouti. Sudan alone accounts for about 3.5 million of the women. ... he estimate of the total number of women infibulated in comes to 8,245,449, or just over eight million women." Also see Appendix B, Table 2 ("Types of FGC"), p. 19.
2492:
5669:
2975:
2810:
4503:
Huddart, Simon; Janson, Staffan; Jaszczak, Poul; Kupferschmid, Christoph; Lahdes-Vasama, Tuija; Lindahl, Harry; MacDonald, Noni; Markestad, Trond; MĂ€rtson, Matis; Nordhov, Solveig
Marianne; PÀlve, Heikki; Petersons, Aigars; Quinn, Feargal; Qvist, Niels; Rosmundsson, Thrainn; Saxen, Harri; Söder, Olle; Stehr, Maximilian; von Loewenich, Volker C.H.; Wallander, Johan; Wijnen, Rene (April 2013).
2960:. Nonsurgical restoration is the preferred method as it is less costly and typically yields better results than surgical restoration. A foreskin restoration device may be of help to men pursuing nonsurgical foreskin restoration. While restoration cannot recreate the nerves or tissues lost to circumcision, it can recreate the appearance and some of the function of a natural foreskin.
485:
2540:, a practice found largely in Djibouti, Eritrea, Somalia and Sudan. Infibulation, the most extreme form of FGM (known as Type III), consists of the removal of the inner and outer labia and closure of the vulva, while a small hole is left for the passage of urine and menstrual blood; afterwards the vagina will be opened after the wedding for sexual intercourse and childbirth (see
2578:
Hymenorrhaphy refers to the practice of thickening the hymen, or, in some cases, implanting a capsule of red liquid within the newly created vaginal tissue. This new hymen is created to cause physical resistance, blood, or the appearance of blood, at the time that the individual's new husband inserts
3131:
Pearling or genital beading is a form of body modification, the practice of permanently inserting small beads made of various materials beneath the skin of the genitalsâof the labia, or of the shaft or foreskin of the penis. As well as being an aesthetic practice, this is usually intended to enhance
342:
therefore, that as a matter of justice, inclusivity, and gender equality in medical-ethical policy (we do not take a position as to criminal law), clinicians should not be permitted to perform any nonvoluntary genital cutting or surgery in prepubescent minors, irrespective of the latterâs sex traits
3580:
Abdulcadir, Jasmine; Adler, Peter W.; Almonte, Melanie T.; Anderson, Frank W. J.; Arguedas-RamĂrez, Gabriela; Aulisio, Mark P.; Bader, Dina; Balashinsky, David; Baratz, Arlene B.; BariĆ, Maide; Bauer, Greta; Behrensen, Maren; Ben-Yami, Hanoch; Boddy, Janice; Bootwala, Yasmin; Bowman-Smart, Hilary;
4275:
It seems likely that in the near future revised recommendations, taking a more positive attitude to circumcision, are likely in many
English-speaking countries. What of the future? Current medical advice and public health projects now underway seem to point to a worldwide increase in circumcision
2563:
in 1993; it states: "Article Two: Violence against women shall be understood to encompass, but not be limited to, the following: (a) Physical, sexual and psychological violence occurring in the family, including ... female genital mutilation ...". However, because of its importance in traditional
334:
is made up of "physicians, ethicists, nurse-midwives, public health professionals, legal scholars, human rights advocates, political scientists, anthropologists, psychologists, sexologists, sociologists, philosophers, and feminists from Africa, Asia, Australasia, Europe, the Middle East, and the
4502:
Aigrain, Yves; Barauskas, Vidmantas; Bjarnason, Ragnar; Boddy, Su-Anna; Czauderna, Piotr; de Gier, Robert P.E.; de Jong, Tom P.V.M.; Fasching, GĂŒnter; Fetter, Willem; Gahr, Manfred; Graugaard, Christian; Greisen, Gorm; Gunnarsdottir, Anna; Hartmann, Wolfram; Havranek, Petr; Hitchcock, Rowena;
2535:
It is practised in several parts of the world, but the practice is concentrated more heavily in Africa, parts of the Middle East, and some other parts of Asia. Over 125 million women and girls have experienced FGM in the 29 countries in which it is concentrated. Over eight million have been
1449:
3771:, p. 182, identifies "sewn closed" as most common in Djibouti, Eritrea, Somalia for 15â49 age group (survey in 2000 for Sudan was not included), and for daughters, Djibouti, Eritrea, Niger and Somalia. UNICEF statistical profiles on FGM, showing type of FGM:
2545:
5292:
is frequently confused with preputial infibulation, which had different objectives and was achieved by surgically piercing the prepuce and using the holes so created for the insertion of a metal clasp (fibula) in order to fasten the prepuce
3150:
Penectomy involves the partial or total amputation of penis. Sometimes, the removal of the entire penis was done in conjunction with castration, or incorrectly referred to as castration. Removing the penis was often performed on
3825:, 61(6), December 1996 (pp. 999â1017), p. 1002: "Infibulation, the harshest practice, occurs contiguously in Egyptian Nubia, the Sudan, Eritrea, Djibouti and Somalia, also known as Islamic Northeast Africa."
1415:
2684:
In the article
Designer Vaginas by Simone Weil Davis, she talks about the modification of woman's vagina and the outside influences women are pressured with, which can cause them to feel shame towards their
4347:
About 0.13% in
American neonates; Krill AJ, Palmer LS, Palmer JS (2011). "Complications of circumcision". TheScientificWorldJournal. 11: 2458â2468. doi:10.1100/2011/373829. PMC 3253617. PMID 22235177.
3285:... statuary present some adult malesâusually priests, functionaries, or low-status workersâas having undergone a vertical slit on the dorsal aspect of the prepuce, although no flesh has been removed.
302:
These surgeries are usually performed for cosmetic benefit rather than for therapeutic reasons. Most surgeries involving children with ambiguous genitalia are sexually damaging and may render them
144:
involves surgical insertion of small, inert spheres under the skin along the shaft of the penis for the purpose of providing sexual stimulation to the walls of the vagina. Similar to tattooing,
2544:). In the past several decades, efforts have been made by global health organizations, such as the WHO, to end the practice. FGM is condemned by international human rights organizations. The
354:
Genital mutilation is common in some situations of war or armed conflict, with perpetrators using violence against the genitals of men, women, and non-binary people. These different forms of
6647:
3797:
3786:
3775:
2512:(FGM), also known as female genital cutting (FGC), female circumcision, or female genital mutilation/cutting (FGM/C), refers to "all procedures involving partial or total removal of the
2556:
1916:
3542:
Karen S Vogt, MD, Michael J Bourgeois, MD, Arlan L Rosenbloom, MD, Mary L Windle, PharmD, George. P Chrousos, MD, FAAP, MACP, MACE, FRCP, Merrily P M Poth, MD, Stephen Kemp, MD, PhD
952:
148:
is primarily done for aesthetic reasons by adding decorative scars to the skin. The genital decoration by scars is an ancient tradition in many cultures, both for men and women.
3297:. In the medical field, it may be performed for as an alternative to circumcision when circumcision is undesired or impractical. It remains a rare surgery and practice overall.
6141:
5706:
5509:
1168:
2891:, the double-layered fold of skin, mucosal and muscular tissue at the distal end of the human penis. Around half of all circumcisions worldwide are performed for reasons of
4083:
Green Fiona (2005). "From clitoridectomies to 'designer vaginas': The medical construction of heteronormative female bodies and sexuality through female genital cutting".
5018:
Nanda, S. "Hijras: An
Alternative Sex and Gender Role in India (in Herdt, G. (1996) Third Sex, Third Gender: Beyond Sexual Dimorphism in Culture and History. Zone Books.)
4476:
3067:
subculture made up mostly of men who have had their genitals surgically removed. Those undergoing the procedure often go by the name of nullos, and are not necessarily
2327:
1688:
2459:
1119:
3015:
to conceal the glans. The kynodesme was also used by the
Etruscans and Romans (ligatura praeputii), but the Romans preferred to apply a gold, silver, or bronze ring (
2583:
at the time of marriage. In these cultures, a woman may be punished, perhaps violently, if the community leaders deem that she was not a virgin when her marriage was
4111:
1032:
4119:
5237:"The Ideal Prepuce in Ancient Greece and Rome: Male Genital Aesthetics and Their Relation to Lipodermos, Circumcision, Foreskin Restoration, and the Kynodesme"
6782:
3733:, p. 22: "More than 125 million girls and women alive today have been cut in the 29 countries in Africa and the Middle East where FGM/C is concentrated.
1693:
6710:
6695:
1663:
1261:
782:
358:
can terrorize targeted individuals and communities, prevent individuals from reproducing, and cause tremendous pain and psychological anguish for victims.
3392:
2670:
strongly criticised this craze, citing its popularity being rooted in commercial and media influences. Similar concerns have been expressed in
Australia.
6548:
5380:
937:
401:(cutting part of the tissue between the vagina and the anus) is sometimes performed to increase the amount of space through which the baby may emerge.
6474:
5648:
6637:
5108:
Gearhart, JP; Rock, JA (1989). "Total ablation of the penis after circumcision with electrocautery: A method of management and long-term followup".
4797:...defending the casual relation between male circumcision and reduced HIV transmission has become essentially hegemonic in the academic literature.
864:
752:
166:
is a term for various techniques used to attempt to increase the size of the penis, though the safety and efficacy of these techniques are debated.
6660:
6134:
5699:
3480:
Gearhart JP, Rock JA (1989). "Total ablation of the penis after circumcision with electrocautery: a method of management and long-term followup".
3794:
3783:
3772:
6672:
5653:
5342:
3874:
3373:
Neluis T, Armstrong ML, Young C, Roberts AE, Hogan L, Rinard K (2014). "Prevalence and implications of genital tattoos: A site not forgotten".
2428:
1124:
874:
702:
687:
682:
512:
2785:, but that is less common. Castration has been performed in many cultures throughout history, but is now rare. It should not be confused with
5039:
5003:
4951:
4816:
4790:
4610:
4299:
4210:
Davis, Simone Weil. "Designer
Vaginas." Women's Voices, Feminist Visions. Ed. Susan Shaw and Janet Lee. New York: McGraw Hill (2012): 270â77.
3659:
1011:
942:
667:
6667:
4555:
2496:
2481:
2452:
1471:
757:
571:
3960:
45:
is generally used for genital modifications that improve the recipient's quality of life in result in positive health outcomes. The term
5244:
4616:
3270:
A rectal slit (also known as superincision) is an incision made along the upper length of the foreskin with the intention to expose the
2129:
1785:
1698:
1251:
1069:
692:
677:
415:
to occur. An adult individual may opt for increasing the size of her hymenal opening, or removal of the hymen altogether, to facilitate
335:
Americas with interdisciplinary or experiential expertise in child genital cutting practices across a wide range of cultural contexts".
4775:
It is now generally accepted in public health spheres that medical male circumcision is efficacious in the prevention of HIV infection.
4700:
81:
Many types of genital modification are performed at the behest of the individual, for personal, sexual, aesthetic or cultural reasons.
6677:
6127:
5950:
5692:
5187:
2761:
1683:
1151:
2833:
2820:
1325:
6404:
5622:
5514:
4808:
4332:
4268:
3814:
3684:
3530:
3464:
2852:
1156:
623:
601:
366:
If the genitals become diseased, as in the case of cancer, sometimes the diseased areas are surgically removed. Females may undergo
311:
3417:
Angulo JC, GarcĂa-DĂez M, MartĂnez M (2011). "Phallic decoration in paleolithic art: genital scarification, piercing and tattoos".
2713:
Clitoral hood reduction is a form of hoodplasty. When performed with the consent of the adult individual, it can be considered an
6652:
6341:
6326:
5601:
2082:
1911:
1805:
1256:
1146:
3904:
299:
children and children with ambiguous genitalia may be subjected to surgeries to "normalize" the appearance of their genitalia.
3856:"A/RES/48/104 â Declaration on the Elimination of Violence against Women â UN Documents: Gathering a body of global agreements"
3764:
3738:
3726:
2870:
2445:
1658:
1163:
912:
707:
4480:
4319:
Alan
Glasper, Edward; Richardson, James; Randall, Duncan (2021). "Promote, Restore, and Stabilise Health Status in Children".
917:
6594:
6376:
6150:
5632:
5504:
4525:
767:
4305:
4220:
Rodrigues Sara (2012). "From Vaginal Exception to Exceptional Vagina: The Biopolitics of Female Genital Cosmetic Surgery".
2703:
5576:
4693:"Preventing HIV Through Safe Voluntary Medical Male Circumcision For Adolescent Boys And Men In Generalized HIV Epidemics"
3615:
Eichert, David (2019). "'Homosexualization' Revisited: An Audience-Focused Theorization of Wartime Male Sexual Violence".
3258:. When the surgery is not performed in a hospital or by a licensed medical professional, complications such as infection,
3247:
2359:
2067:
747:
4968:
6574:
6459:
6449:
5099:
Vincent Lupo. Family gets $ 2.75 million in wrongful surgery suit. Lake Charles American Press, Wednesday, May 28, 1986.
3126:
3087:. Though the procedure is mostly sought by men, female genital mutilation may be referred to as clitoral nullification.
1616:
1566:
502:
141:
2925:
6642:
6584:
6103:
5833:
5375:
3836:
3171:. Penis removal may occur through unintentional genital injury, such as during routine neonatal circumcision mishaps.
2641:
2270:
2114:
1521:
1114:
1052:
228:
5137:
5054:"Family Is Awarded $ 850,000 For Circumcision Accident" The New York Times, New York, USA, Published November 2, 1975
2623:
practice elsewhere. It is performed for sexual enhancement of both partners, aesthetics, symmetry and gratification.
6543:
6191:
5716:
5541:
5335:
3396:
2874:
2748:
procedure. When these procedures are performed on individuals without their consent, they are considered a form of
2379:
1136:
802:
517:
2732:; the therapeutic goal is thought to improve the sexual functioning of the woman, and the aesthetic appeal of her
6224:
6181:
6070:
5571:
5117:
4696:
3712:
3246:. It may also be performed for personal preference. Penile subincision may leave a man with an increased risk of
2749:
2509:
2504:
1710:
1526:
1420:
1305:
959:
927:
581:
507:
159:
5684:
2520:
whether for cultural, religious or other non-therapeutic reasons." It is not the same as the procedures used in
6627:
6316:
6171:
5154:
4324:
3053:
2521:
1976:
1864:
1705:
1476:
1405:
1233:
1188:
1042:
922:
902:
832:
762:
638:
387:
185:
175:
6705:
6632:
6558:
6349:
6242:
6080:
6047:
5546:
3193:
2707:
2698:
2666:
2275:
2255:
2109:
2099:
2057:
1673:
1516:
1370:
1340:
1335:
1315:
1278:
1213:
1198:
1131:
1104:
1089:
468:
6354:
6336:
6291:
6176:
5838:
3314:
Danino, Michel Alain; Trouilloud, Pierre; Benkhadra, Mehdi; Danino, Arthur; Laurent, Romain (2024-02-01).
3223:
2681:
standards. The surgery itself is controversial, and critics refer to the procedures as "designer vagina".
2552:
2374:
2347:
2337:
1795:
1775:
1638:
1511:
1400:
1350:
1320:
1300:
1228:
1208:
1183:
1178:
1173:
1084:
1047:
1020:
991:
986:
566:
556:
383:
115:
54:
6533:
6520:
6196:
6108:
5725:
5427:
5328:
5164:
2892:
2879:
2342:
2302:
2235:
2124:
2072:
1991:
1740:
1506:
1410:
1385:
1380:
1365:
1360:
1355:
1295:
1243:
1203:
1109:
1079:
969:
576:
110:
88:
5188:"John Bobbitt's surgeons describe the day they reattached his penis: 'It came to us⊠in a hot dog bag'"
5076:
Charles Seabrook. $ 22.8 million in botched circumcision. Atlanta Constitution, Tuesday, March 12, 1991
3988:
2895:; half for religious or cultural reasons. Circumcision involves either a conventional "cut and stitch"
6754:
6599:
6434:
6166:
5894:
5596:
5402:
4516:
3582:
3060:, which is the removal of the testicles only, although the terms are sometimes used interchangeably.
2920:
2525:
2213:
1725:
1599:
1310:
1268:
1218:
1193:
1001:
964:
697:
551:
151:
3878:
6787:
6454:
6394:
6311:
6158:
5945:
5828:
5746:
5627:
5407:
4582:
4260:
4176:
Braun Virginia (2005). "In search of (better) sexual pleasure: female genital 'cosmetic' surgery".
3110:
2900:
2786:
2389:
2250:
1869:
1765:
1745:
1536:
1444:
1395:
1375:
1345:
1238:
1025:
827:
244:
6700:
6589:
6495:
6296:
6219:
6020:
5962:
5917:
5889:
5390:
5370:
5269:
5087:
5064:
4922:
4674:
4547:
4382:
4237:
4193:
4146:
4112:"Female Genital Mutilation in the West: Traditional Circumcision versus Genital Cosmetic Surgery"
3632:
3209:
3155:
and high ranking men who would frequently be in contact with women, such as those belonging to a
3095:
2896:
2616:
2154:
2149:
2139:
2087:
2077:
2052:
1986:
1944:
1854:
1849:
1844:
1750:
1037:
416:
236:
84:
17:
2611:
through manual manipulation (pulling) or physical equipment (such as weights). It is a familial
445:. The motivation behind such actions vary widely; it may be done due personal crisis related to
4508:
6469:
6389:
6042:
5957:
5866:
5521:
5499:
5395:
5385:
5261:
5121:
5035:
4999:
4947:
4914:
4873:
4855:
4812:
4786:
4766:
4748:
4666:
4658:
4638:
4606:
4539:
4433:
4374:
4328:
4295:
4264:
4138:
4040:
3967:
3680:
3655:
3543:
3497:
3460:
3434:
3355:
3337:
3072:
3064:
2957:
2908:
2620:
2612:
2421:
2332:
2260:
2245:
2028:
1971:
1770:
1678:
1571:
1491:
1330:
606:
408:
163:
126:
92:
71:
34:
4993:
4941:
4578:
3184:
for purposes of assault or revenge is overwhelmingly a female-on-male crime, particularly in
6731:
6726:
6622:
6606:
6186:
5365:
5253:
5159:
4904:
4863:
4847:
4756:
4738:
4692:
4650:
4598:
4529:
4509:"Cultural Bias in the AAP's 2012 Technical Report and Policy Statement on Male Circumcision"
4423:
4413:
4366:
4229:
4185:
4128:
4092:
4030:
4022:
3624:
3590:
3489:
3426:
3345:
3327:
3243:
3178:
circumcision ceremony, which is performed by spear, accidental penectomy is a serious risk.
3114:
2949:
2714:
2653:
2600:
2491:
2384:
2369:
2297:
2218:
2188:
2003:
1839:
1541:
1099:
1094:
932:
822:
331:
319:
315:
291:
122:
96:
38:
3026:
In modern times, male infibulation may be performed for personal preferences or as part of
2736:. The reduction of the clitoral prepuce tissues usually is a sub-ordinate surgery within a
2579:
his penis into her vagina. This is done in cultures where a high value is placed on female
87:, or splitting of the underside of the penis, is widespread in the traditional cultures of
6553:
6490:
6424:
6366:
6234:
6095:
5536:
5526:
5494:
5489:
5479:
5141:
4594:
3818:
3801:
3790:
3779:
3768:
3742:
3730:
3290:
3227:
3160:
3103:
2997:
2717:
2399:
2307:
2203:
2144:
1996:
1981:
1961:
1926:
1633:
1546:
1481:
1273:
1223:
847:
458:
454:
446:
428:
386:
may be performed to restore what was lost, often with techniques similar to those used in
355:
189:
130:
50:
6384:
5284:
Hodges draws a strong distinction between the kynodesme and infibulation " Tethering the
4727:"Social representations of male circumcision as prophylaxis against HIV/AIDS in Zimbabwe"
3811:
3250:, issues with fertility (due to lack of control over what direction the sperm goes after
3007:
Early Greek infibulation consisted of tying the most distal portion of the foreskin with
996:
129:
may be performed for aesthetic reasons, but piercings can have the benefit of increasing
3350:
3315:
2929:
Circumcised at birth, the foreskin has been restored over years of foreskin restoration.
6085:
5850:
5784:
5774:
5756:
5606:
5531:
5484:
5457:
5417:
5314:
4868:
4761:
4726:
4428:
4401:
4035:
4010:
3515:
3259:
3235:
3219:
3189:
2904:
2560:
2394:
2352:
2322:
2312:
2230:
2223:
2208:
2198:
2018:
1954:
1896:
1891:
1876:
1653:
1648:
1643:
1531:
1466:
974:
947:
792:
476:
450:
442:
287:
252:
208:
3583:"Genital Modifications in Prepubescent Minors: When May Clinicians Ethically Proceed?"
3493:
2673:
Some women undergo vaginoplasty or vulvoplasty procedures to alter the shape of their
107:
alone, while bisection is a more extreme form that splits the penis entirely in half.
6776:
6749:
6464:
6283:
6251:
6246:
6214:
6037:
6010:
5769:
5462:
5452:
4909:
4892:
4783:
Health and Other Unassailable Values: Reconfigurations of Health, Evidence and Ethics
4590:
4504:
4241:
4197:
4133:
3908:
3636:
3181:
3145:
2721:
2573:
2406:
2013:
1949:
1934:
1790:
1755:
1735:
1606:
1551:
1486:
869:
772:
155:
145:
5273:
4551:
4452:
4386:
4150:
4058:
3761:
3735:
3723:
3132:
the sexual pleasure of the receptive partner(s) during vaginal or anal intercourse.
2974:
2777:
Castration in the genital modification and mutilation context is the removal of the
6761:
6744:
6032:
5972:
5861:
5818:
5813:
5764:
5741:
5591:
5474:
5442:
5351:
4926:
4678:
3807:
3452:
3197:
3039:
2969:
2938:
2866:
2745:
2741:
2686:
2636:
2607:
2537:
2240:
2119:
1939:
1906:
1886:
1810:
1800:
1780:
1760:
1390:
1288:
1283:
1006:
981:
837:
777:
742:
712:
412:
256:
240:
224:
216:
212:
196:
4654:
3935:
3628:
3594:
6119:
5085:
Schmidt, William E (October 8, 1985). "A Circumcision Method Draws New Concern".
5029:
4289:
343:
or gender assignment, unless urgently necessary to protect their physical health.
6579:
6538:
6505:
6273:
6266:
6075:
6000:
5878:
5823:
5668:
5447:
5211:
4602:
4026:
3294:
3282:
3271:
3251:
3215:
3068:
3001:
2953:
2737:
2632:
2134:
2094:
2062:
1921:
1881:
1715:
1628:
1581:
1556:
1456:
1141:
859:
842:
797:
717:
379:
367:
232:
204:
200:
181:
134:
104:
5236:
3756:
3430:
3196:
infamously removed her husband's penis in 1993. In the latter case, the use of
6739:
6439:
6429:
6361:
6065:
6027:
6015:
6005:
5940:
5906:
5673:
5566:
4743:
4096:
4011:"Requests for cosmetic genitoplasty: how should healthcare providers respond?"
3222:
towards to the base. It was performed by people of some cultures, such as the
3091:
3057:
2996:
literally means "to close with a clasp or a pin.â The word is used to include
2772:
2584:
2541:
2416:
2411:
2292:
2287:
2183:
2159:
2008:
1901:
1859:
1815:
1623:
1611:
1586:
1576:
1496:
886:
881:
852:
787:
628:
434:
404:
398:
394:
371:
322:
on grounds that such surgeries subject patients to unnecessary harm and risk.
307:
260:
248:
4859:
4752:
4662:
4233:
4189:
3341:
3277:
The practice appears to have occurred in Ancient Egypt, though not commonly:
3163:. In the medical field, removal of the penis may be performed for reasons of
6528:
6416:
6256:
5437:
5432:
3255:
3141:
3010:
2985:
2778:
2678:
2591:, who were virginal at the time of their rape, may elect for hymenorrhaphy.
2580:
2517:
2317:
2265:
1966:
1561:
662:
484:
438:
375:
303:
220:
100:
49:
is used for genital modifications that drastically diminish the recipient's
5265:
4918:
4770:
4670:
4543:
4534:
4437:
4370:
4142:
4044:
3438:
3359:
3289:
It may be performed as a part of traditional customs, such as those in the
3117:. A castrated slave was worth more, and this offset the losses from death.
433:
A person may engage in self-inflicted genital injury or mutilation such as
5257:
5134:
4969:"The Most Extreme Body Hacks That Actually Change Your Physical Abilities"
4893:"Preputial infibulation: from ancient medicine to modern genital piercing"
4877:
4418:
4378:
3855:
3501:
6500:
6444:
6301:
6261:
5966:
5586:
5581:
4851:
4641:(July 2013). "Circumcision of male infants as a human rights violation".
3546:
3185:
3175:
3164:
3049:
2979:
2934:
2888:
2729:
2725:
2529:
2282:
2104:
2023:
1668:
1594:
1501:
1461:
817:
812:
807:
732:
727:
672:
296:
4836:"Benefits of newborn circumcision: is Europe ignoring medical evidence?"
3332:
5977:
5307:
4835:
3239:
3231:
3152:
2945:
737:
633:
613:
586:
561:
4357:
Williams N, Kapila L (October 1993). "Complications of circumcision".
3875:"nthWORD Magazine Interview with Liz Canner, filmmaker of Orgasm, Inc"
3159:. The hijra of India may remove their penis as an expression of their
6306:
5992:
5929:
5794:
5779:
5469:
4154:
3168:
3076:
3008:
2983:
1720:
722:
618:
596:
591:
541:
3757:"Numbers of women circumcised in Africa: The Production of a Total"
6057:
5733:
3559:
3156:
3045:
2973:
2924:
2878:
2733:
2702:
2674:
2640:
2513:
2490:
1730:
546:
109:
374:(to the vagina and vulva, respectively), while males may undergo
5422:
4479:. American Academy of Pediatrics. 27 August 2012. Archived from
3214:
Penile subincision is a form of genital modification involves a
3027:
2948:
onto a portion of the penile shaft. Nonsurgical methods involve
2796:) is usually done in the modern world only for medical reasons.
2588:
2364:
2193:
6123:
5688:
5324:
5320:
5135:
Description of the problems accompanying the ritual of Ulwaluko
310:, doctors may recommend the child be reassigned as female. The
3905:"Rwandan Women View The Elongation Of Their Labia As Positive"
3527:
2803:
192:. Not all transgender people elect to have these surgeries.
3218:
and vertically slitting the underside of the penis from the
3812:"Ending Footbinding and Infibulation: A Convention Account"
2944:
Surgical restoration involves grafting skin taken from the
251:. In some cases, a child's gender may be reassigned due to
3098:
communities reportedly undergo emasculation. It is called
4453:"Newborn male circumcision | Canadian Paediatric Society"
2557:
Declaration on the Elimination of Violence Against Women
2828:
4995:
Traversing Gender: Understanding Transgender Realities
3192:
sliced off her husband's penis with a straight razor.
2933:
Foreskin restoration is the partial recreation of the
2792:
The removal of one testicle (sometimes referred to as
2564:
life, it continues to be practised in many societies.
2495:
FGM in Africa, Iraqi Kurdistan and Yemen, as of 2015 (
5155:"Bobbitt's Amputation Case Similar to a 1907 Account"
306:. For example, in cases involving male children with
235:
to remove fat deposits around their hips and thighs.
4891:
D. Schultheiss; J.J. Mattelaer; F.M. Hodges (2003).
4276:
rates in the first half of the twenty-first century.
4255:
Yosha, Assaf; Bolnick, David; Koyle, Martin (2012).
3063:
Genital nullification is a procedure practiced in a
2720:
procedure for reducing the size and the area of the
382:(removal of the penis and testicles, respectively).
6719:
6688:
6615:
6567:
6519:
6483:
6415:
6375:
6325:
6282:
6233:
6207:
6157:
6094:
6056:
5991:
5926:
5903:
5875:
5847:
5802:
5793:
5755:
5732:
5641:
5615:
5557:
5358:
4321:
A Textbook of Children's and Young People's Nursing
3459:(2nd ed.). Belmont, CA: Wadsworth Publishing.
3316:"Cosmetic male genital surgery: a narrative review"
5063:"David Reimer, 38, Subject of the John/Joan Case"
4805:The AIDS Pandemic: Searching for a Global Response
3677:A Practical Guide to Office Gynecologic Procedures
3514:"David Reimer, 38, Subject of the John/Joan Case"
27:Permanent or temporary changes to human sex organs
4581:. In Denniston, George C.; Hodges, Frederick M.;
2781:. Occasionally the term is also used to refer to
2328:Racial bias in criminal news in the United States
154:may be achieved temporarily through the use of a
3675:Blumenthal, Paul D.; Berek, Jonathan S. (2013).
158:, or it may be achieved permanently through the
4291:Current Diagnosis and Treatment Pediatrics 21/E
4009:Liao, Lih Mei; Sarah M Creighton (2007-05-26).
3528:ISNA's Amicus Brief on Intersex Genital Surgery
3279:
2952:by stretching the penile skin forward over the
1972:Same-sex marriage (laws and issues prohibiting)
3930:
3928:
3926:
2605:Labia stretching is the act of elongating the
1450:SPLC-designated list of anti-LGBTQ hate groups
6135:
5700:
5336:
4120:Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica
2837:that contextualizes different points of view.
2823:to certain ideas, incidents, or controversies
2453:
8:
4587:Genital Autonomy: Protecting Personal Choice
4294:. McGraw Hill Professional. pp. 18â19.
6711:Timeline of reproductive rights legislation
6696:Birth control movement in the United States
4110:Essen, Birgitta; Johnsdotter, Sara (2004).
3652:Pediatric surgery: diagnosis and management
3575:
3573:
3254:), and may require a man to sit down while
2664:. In May 2007, an article published in the
1664:List of people killed for being transgender
91:. This procedure has taken root in Western
6549:Reproductive endocrinology and infertility
6142:
6128:
6120:
5799:
5707:
5693:
5685:
5343:
5329:
5321:
4998:. Mystic Productions Press. pp. 23â.
3654:. Berlin New York: Springer. p. 963.
3650:Puri, Prem; Höllwarth, Michael E. (2009).
3617:International Feminist Journal of Politics
3457:Neither Man nor Woman: the Hijras of India
3262:, or permanent damage are major concerns.
2460:
2446:
463:
5649:Child sexual abuse accommodation syndrome
5315:A world without female Genital Mutilation
4908:
4867:
4760:
4742:
4533:
4427:
4417:
4132:
4034:
3899:
3897:
3895:
3349:
3331:
2853:Learn how and when to remove this message
2724:(prepuce) in order to further expose the
103:is a form that involves splitting of the
3375:British Journal of Medical Practitioners
3109:It was part of the eunuch-making of the
3044:Emasculation is the removal of both the
753:Social determinants of health in poverty
160:application or injection of testosterone
5245:The Bulletin of the History of Medicine
5144:. Ulwaluko.co.za. Retrieved 2014-03-28.
5067:, New York, USA, Published May 12, 2004
4400:Krill AJ, Palmer LS, Palmer JS (2011).
3989:"Designer vagina craze worries doctors"
3306:
475:
188:to alter their genitals to match their
5654:False allegation of child sexual abuse
3966:. WHO. 2004. p. 6. Archived from
3518:, New York, US, Published May 12, 2004
3200:was able to reattach Bobbitt's penis.
4785:. Taylor & Francis. p. 106.
4703:from the original on 22 November 2021
4308:from the original on 18 January 2016.
3991:. Australian Broadcasting Corporation
3982:
3980:
3679:. Wolters Kluwer Health. p. 49.
3531:The Intersex Society of North America
7:
5308:The Geography of Genital Mutilations
3560:"What's ISNA's position on surgery?"
2482:Category:Female genital modification
1472:Capital punishment for homosexuality
758:Social determinants of mental health
223:. Trans women may also benefit from
195:Some of the surgical procedures are
133:for the pierced individual or their
6783:Genital modification and mutilation
5715:Tests and procedures involving the
5413:Genital modification and mutilation
4725:Chikutsa A, Maharaj P (July 2015).
4558:from the original on 6 January 2020
4085:Sexualities, Evolution & Gender
3961:"Sexual healthâa new focus for WHO"
3907:. February 15, 2008. Archived from
3755:P. Stanley Yoder, Shane Khan,
2887:Circumcision is the removal of the
2883:Penis before and after circumcision
2660:, has become pejoratively known as
1591:Genital modification and mutilation
4619:from the original on 6 August 2020
4579:"Physical Effects of Circumcision"
2762:Category:Male genital modification
407:is the surgical perforation of an
338:In its second statement, it says:
318:performed on people without their
57:, whether physical or mental.
25:
6405:self-report sexual risk behaviors
5623:Laws regarding child sexual abuse
5510:in education in the United States
4809:Springer International Publishing
3854:United Nations General Assembly.
3587:The American Journal of Bioethics
3564:Intersex Society of North America
3393:"Penises, Piercings and Pleasure"
3274:without removing skin or tissue.
2587:. Individuals who are victims of
312:Intersex Society of North America
18:Nullification (body modification)
6475:Precocious puberty and pregnancy
5667:
5602:Sociobiological theories of rape
5120::10.1016/S0022-5347(17)38893-6.
4910:10.1046/j.1464-410X.2003.04490.x
4840:Archives of Disease in Childhood
4134:10.1111/j.0001-6349.2004.00590.x
4059:"The Perfect Vagina Documentary"
3320:Annals of Translational Medicine
2808:
2083:Diversity, equity, and inclusion
1912:Law for Protection of the Nation
1806:White genocide conspiracy theory
483:
231:, while some trans men may have
6595:Sexually transmitted infections
4834:Schoen, Edgar J. (1997-09-01).
4402:"Complications of circumcision"
4288:Hay W, Levin M (25 June 2012).
3699:
3188:. In the United States In 1907
3113:, and it was widespread in the
2871:Circumcision surgical procedure
2516:or other surgery of the female
1917:MSM blood donation restrictions
1659:LGBT grooming conspiracy theory
411:. It may be performed to allow
6151:Sexual and reproductive health
5633:Sexually violent predator laws
5212:"Meatotomy â BME Encyclopedia"
5186:Effron, Lauren; Dooley, Sean.
4943:Encyclopedia of Body Adornment
4526:American Academy of Pediatrics
4451:Society, Canadian Paediatric.
4359:The British Journal of Surgery
4257:Surgical Guide to Circumcision
2782:
2656:of female genitalia, known as
1930:(as religious or racial quota)
330:The Brussels collaboration on
211:(elongation of the clitoris),
1:
5577:Effects and aftermath of rape
5235:Hodges, Frederick M. (2001).
4992:Lee Harrington (1 May 2016).
4655:10.1136/medethics-2012-101229
3877:. Nthword.com. Archived from
3629:10.1080/14616742.2018.1522264
3595:10.1080/15265161.2024.2353823
3494:10.1016/s0022-5347(17)38893-6
3248:sexually transmitted diseases
2677:to meet personal or societal
2360:Second-generation gender bias
2068:Constitutional colorblindness
748:Social determinants of health
6575:Disorders of sex development
5034:. Rowman & Littlefield.
3987:Bourke, Emily (2009-11-12).
3823:American Sociological Review
3395:. 2009-07-23. Archived from
3127:Pearling (body modification)
3009:
2984:
2744:; and occasionally within a
2627:Vulvoplasty and vaginoplasty
2551:FGM is considered a form of
2548:prohibits FGM (Article 38).
219:(creation of a scrotum) for
6585:Reproductive system disease
6104:Gynecologic ultrasonography
5834:Uterine artery embolization
4967:Knibbs, Kate (2015-05-14).
4603:10.1007/978-90-481-9446-9_7
4477:"Newborn Male Circumcision"
4027:10.1136/bmj.39206.422269.BE
2740:procedure for reducing the
2559:, which was adopted by the
2522:gender reassignment surgery
2271:Medical model of disability
2115:Hate speech laws by country
229:facial feminization surgery
215:(creation of a penis), and
199:(creation of a vagina) and
6804:
6544:Obstetrics and gynaecology
5717:female reproductive system
4946:. ABC-CLIO. pp. 57â.
4803:Merson M, Inrig S (2017).
4721:For sources on this, see:
3544:Microphallus: Epidemiology
3431:10.1016/j.juro.2011.07.077
3207:
3139:
3124:
3037:
2967:
2918:
2875:Circumcision controversies
2864:
2770:
2759:
2696:
2630:
2598:
2571:
2502:
2479:
2380:Social model of disability
803:Discrimination against men
426:
285:
203:(creation of a vulva) for
173:
69:
6460:Pregnant patients' rights
6225:Pre-conception counseling
6182:Abortion-rights movements
6071:Female genital mutilation
5723:
5662:
5572:Causes of sexual violence
5031:Slavery in the Arab World
4744:10.1186/s12889-015-1967-z
4697:World Health Organization
4643:Journal of Medical Ethics
4406:TheScientificWorldJournal
4097:10.1080/14616660500200223
3800:October 30, 2014, at the
3713:World Health Organization
3000:of the foreskin over the
2899:or use of a circumcision
2750:female genital mutilation
2514:external female genitalia
2510:Female genital mutilation
2505:Female genital mutilation
2487:Female genital mutilation
1711:Opposition to immigration
597:Race / Ethnicity
259:, who was the subject of
6346:Gamete Cryopreservation
6192:Circumcision controversy
6172:Compulsory sterilization
4325:Elsevier Health Sciences
4234:10.1177/1363460712454073
4190:10.1177/1363460705056625
3549:, Updated August 3, 2011
3533:, Dated February 7, 1998
1706:Occupational segregation
1477:Compulsory sterilization
388:sex reassignment surgery
186:sex reassignment surgery
176:Sex reassignment surgery
170:Sex-reassignment surgery
6706:Social hygiene movement
6559:Transgender health care
6081:Clitoral hood reduction
6048:Vaginal transplantation
2708:Clitoral hood reduction
2699:Clitoral hood reduction
2693:Clitoral hood reduction
2667:British Medical Journal
2256:Internalized oppression
2110:Fighting Discrimination
2100:Fat acceptance movement
2058:Anti-discrimination law
1684:Native American mascots
55:adverse health outcomes
6534:Genitourinary medicine
6337:In vitro fertilization
6292:Hormonal contraception
6177:Contraceptive security
5252:(Fall 2001): 375â405.
5110:The Journal of Urology
5028:Murray Gordon (1989).
4940:Margo DeMello (2007).
4535:10.1542/peds.2012-2896
4371:10.1002/bjs.1800801005
3936:"Enlarging Your Labia"
3419:The Journal of Urology
3287:
3224:Indigenous Australians
2990:
2982:(582â485 BC), showing
2930:
2884:
2710:
2650:
2553:violence against women
2500:
2375:Social identity threat
2348:Reverse discrimination
2338:Racial color blindness
1796:Violence against women
1776:Sex-selective abortion
384:Reconstructive surgery
345:
119:
116:clitoral hood piercing
89:Indigenous Australians
6197:Intersex human rights
6109:Hysterosalpingography
5726:Gynecological surgery
5258:10.1353/bhm.2001.0119
5165:San Jose Mercury News
5133:Rijken, D.J. (2014).
4577:Warren, John (2010).
3085:genital nullification
2977:
2937:after its removal by
2928:
2893:preventive healthcare
2882:
2831:by rewriting it in a
2794:unilateral castration
2706:
2658:elective genitoplasty
2644:
2615:in Rwanda, common in
2494:
2343:Religious intolerance
2303:Political correctness
2125:Intersex human rights
2073:Cultural assimilation
1741:Religious persecution
1507:Disability hate crime
1284:Jewish / Antisemitism
461:, or social reasons.
340:
247:, may opt to undergo
146:genital scarification
113:
31:Genital modifications
6755:tax on childlessness
6511:Genital modification
6435:Unintended pregnancy
6167:Reproductive Justice
5895:Endometrial ablation
5597:Rape trauma syndrome
5403:Cybersex trafficking
4852:10.1136/adc.77.3.258
4583:Milos, Marilyn Fayre
4263:. pp. 256â257.
3911:on February 18, 2008
3860:www.un-documents.net
3266:Penile superincision
2921:Foreskin restoration
2915:Foreskin restoration
2526:genital modification
1726:Political repression
708:Anti-left handedness
698:Anti-intellectualism
152:Clitoris enlargement
118: â Taiwan, 2009
6455:Pregnancy from rape
6312:Intrauterine device
5946:Cervical conization
5829:Pelvic exenteration
5747:Salpingoophorectomy
5628:Laws regarding rape
5408:Forced prostitution
4419:10.1100/2011/373829
4261:Springer Publishing
4021:(7603): 1090â1092.
3333:10.21037/atm-23-351
3075:; some identify as
2787:chemical castration
2546:Istanbul Convention
2251:Historical eugenics
1766:Segregation academy
1746:Religious terrorism
1537:Enemy of the people
1445:Anti-LGBTQ rhetoric
943:Jehovah's Witnesses
828:Perpetual foreigner
263:'s John/Joan case.
245:Indian subcontinent
43:genital enhancement
39:human sexual organs
6701:History of condoms
6590:Sexual dysfunction
6496:Sexual orientation
6450:Options counseling
6297:Male contraception
6220:Genetic counseling
5963:Cervical screening
5918:Uterine myomectomy
5890:Endometrial biopsy
5391:Child prostitution
5381:Child exploitation
5167:. 30 November 1993
5140:2021-10-03 at the
5088:The New York Times
5065:The New York Times
4639:Svoboda, J. Steven
4597:. pp. 75â79.
4483:on 7 November 2017
4063:Documentary Heaven
3973:on March 16, 2008.
3873:nthWORD Magazine.
3817:2019-07-20 at the
3789:2014-10-30 at the
3778:2014-10-30 at the
3767:2015-04-05 at the
3741:2015-04-05 at the
3729:2015-04-05 at the
3711:Definition of the
3516:The New York Times
3281:A few examples of
3210:Penile subincision
3204:Penile subincision
3094:, some members of
3056:. It differs from
3019:), a metal clasp (
2991:
2931:
2897:surgical procedure
2885:
2711:
2651:
2649:surgically removed
2617:Sub-Saharan Africa
2501:
2155:Social integration
2150:Self-determination
2140:Racial integration
2088:Diversity training
2078:Cultural pluralism
2053:Affirmative action
1945:Racial segregation
1855:Crime of apartheid
1751:Religious violence
1248:Indigenous people
624:Sexual orientation
417:sexual penetration
350:As sexual violence
316:elective surgeries
120:
85:Penile subincision
47:genital mutilation
35:body modifications
6770:
6769:
6470:Teenage pregnancy
6187:Genital integrity
6117:
6116:
6043:Vaginal wet mount
5987:
5986:
5958:Cervical cerclage
5867:Vacuum aspiration
5682:
5681:
5522:Sexual misconduct
5500:Sexual harassment
5396:Child sex tourism
5386:Child pornography
5041:978-0-941533-30-0
5005:978-1-942733-83-6
4953:978-0-313-33695-9
4897:BJU International
4818:978-3-319-47133-4
4792:978-1-317-48203-1
4731:BMC Public Health
4612:978-90-481-9446-9
4301:978-0-07-177971-5
3782:(December 2013),
3661:978-3-540-69560-8
3065:body modification
3002:head of the penis
2909:developed nations
2863:
2862:
2855:
2817:This section may
2662:"designer vagina"
2621:body modification
2613:cultural practice
2470:
2469:
2333:Racism by country
2261:Intersectionality
2246:Heteronormativity
2029:Voter suppression
1771:Sexual harassment
1572:Forced conversion
1492:Cultural genocide
1147:African Americans
953:postâCold War era
938:Eastern Orthodoxy
693:Anti-drug addicts
688:Anti-homelessness
607:Scientific racism
409:imperforate hymen
164:Penis enlargement
127:genital tattooing
123:Genital piercings
97:modern primitives
93:body modification
72:Body modification
66:Body modification
16:(Redirected from
6795:
6732:Two-child policy
6727:One-child policy
6607:Gender dysphoria
6144:
6137:
6130:
6121:
5934:
5911:
5883:
5855:
5807:
5800:
5709:
5702:
5695:
5686:
5672:
5671:
5366:Bride kidnapping
5345:
5338:
5331:
5322:
5294:
5283:
5281:
5280:
5241:
5232:
5226:
5225:
5223:
5222:
5208:
5202:
5201:
5199:
5198:
5183:
5177:
5176:
5174:
5172:
5160:Orlando Sentinel
5151:
5145:
5131:
5125:
5106:
5100:
5097:
5091:
5083:
5077:
5074:
5068:
5061:
5055:
5052:
5046:
5045:
5025:
5019:
5016:
5010:
5009:
4989:
4983:
4982:
4980:
4979:
4964:
4958:
4957:
4937:
4931:
4930:
4912:
4888:
4882:
4881:
4871:
4831:
4825:
4822:
4799:
4777:
4764:
4746:
4719:
4713:
4712:
4710:
4708:
4689:
4683:
4682:
4635:
4629:
4628:
4626:
4624:
4574:
4568:
4567:
4565:
4563:
4537:
4513:
4499:
4493:
4492:
4490:
4488:
4473:
4467:
4466:
4464:
4463:
4448:
4442:
4441:
4431:
4421:
4397:
4391:
4390:
4354:
4348:
4345:
4339:
4338:
4316:
4310:
4309:
4285:
4279:
4278:
4252:
4246:
4245:
4217:
4211:
4208:
4202:
4201:
4173:
4167:
4166:
4164:
4162:
4157:on 14 April 2013
4153:. Archived from
4136:
4116:
4107:
4101:
4100:
4080:
4074:
4073:
4071:
4069:
4055:
4049:
4048:
4038:
4006:
4000:
3999:
3997:
3996:
3984:
3975:
3974:
3972:
3965:
3957:
3951:
3950:
3948:
3946:
3932:
3921:
3920:
3918:
3916:
3901:
3890:
3889:
3887:
3886:
3870:
3864:
3863:
3851:
3845:
3844:
3833:
3827:
3804:(December 2013).
3753:
3747:
3721:
3715:
3709:
3703:
3697:
3691:
3690:
3672:
3666:
3665:
3647:
3641:
3640:
3612:
3606:
3605:
3603:
3601:
3577:
3568:
3567:
3556:
3550:
3540:
3534:
3525:
3519:
3512:
3506:
3505:
3477:
3471:
3470:
3449:
3443:
3442:
3425:(6): 2498â2503.
3414:
3408:
3407:
3405:
3404:
3389:
3383:
3382:
3370:
3364:
3363:
3353:
3335:
3311:
3244:Native Hawaiians
3115:Arab slave trade
3014:
2989:
2956:with the aid of
2950:tissue expansion
2858:
2851:
2847:
2844:
2838:
2834:balanced fashion
2812:
2811:
2804:
2654:Cosmetic surgery
2601:Labia stretching
2595:Labia stretching
2462:
2455:
2448:
2385:Social privilege
2370:Social exclusion
2298:Police brutality
2219:Multiculturalism
2189:Amatonormativity
2004:Social exclusion
1840:Age of candidacy
1634:Homeless dumping
1542:Ethnic cleansing
487:
464:
332:Bodily integrity
320:informed consent
292:Intersex surgery
21:
6803:
6802:
6798:
6797:
6796:
6794:
6793:
6792:
6773:
6772:
6771:
6766:
6715:
6684:
6657:United Kingdom
6611:
6563:
6554:Sexual medicine
6515:
6491:Gender identity
6479:
6425:Maternal health
6411:
6371:
6367:fertility fraud
6328:
6321:
6278:
6229:
6203:
6153:
6148:
6118:
6113:
6096:Medical imaging
6090:
6052:
5983:
5927:
5922:
5904:
5899:
5876:
5871:
5848:
5843:
5839:Transplantation
5803:
5789:
5757:Fallopian tubes
5751:
5728:
5719:
5713:
5683:
5678:
5666:
5658:
5637:
5611:
5559:
5553:
5537:Sexual violence
5527:Sexual predator
5515:in the military
5495:Sexual grooming
5490:Sexual bullying
5480:Sex trafficking
5354:
5349:
5303:
5298:
5297:
5278:
5276:
5239:
5234:
5233:
5229:
5220:
5218:
5210:
5209:
5205:
5196:
5194:
5185:
5184:
5180:
5170:
5168:
5153:
5152:
5148:
5142:Wayback Machine
5132:
5128:
5107:
5103:
5098:
5094:
5084:
5080:
5075:
5071:
5062:
5058:
5053:
5049:
5042:
5027:
5026:
5022:
5017:
5013:
5006:
4991:
4990:
4986:
4977:
4975:
4966:
4965:
4961:
4954:
4939:
4938:
4934:
4890:
4889:
4885:
4833:
4832:
4828:
4819:
4811:. p. 379.
4802:
4793:
4781:Bell K (2016).
4780:
4724:
4720:
4716:
4706:
4704:
4691:
4690:
4686:
4637:
4636:
4632:
4622:
4620:
4613:
4595:Springer-Verlag
4576:
4575:
4571:
4561:
4559:
4511:
4501:
4500:
4496:
4486:
4484:
4475:
4474:
4470:
4461:
4459:
4450:
4449:
4445:
4399:
4398:
4394:
4356:
4355:
4351:
4346:
4342:
4335:
4327:. p. 382.
4318:
4317:
4313:
4302:
4287:
4286:
4282:
4271:
4254:
4253:
4249:
4219:
4218:
4214:
4209:
4205:
4175:
4174:
4170:
4160:
4158:
4114:
4109:
4108:
4104:
4082:
4081:
4077:
4067:
4065:
4057:
4056:
4052:
4008:
4007:
4003:
3994:
3992:
3986:
3985:
3978:
3970:
3963:
3959:
3958:
3954:
3944:
3942:
3934:
3933:
3924:
3914:
3912:
3903:
3902:
3893:
3884:
3882:
3872:
3871:
3867:
3853:
3852:
3848:
3835:
3834:
3830:
3819:Wayback Machine
3802:Wayback Machine
3791:Wayback Machine
3780:Wayback Machine
3769:Wayback Machine
3754:
3750:
3743:Wayback Machine
3731:Wayback Machine
3722:
3718:
3710:
3706:
3698:
3694:
3687:
3674:
3673:
3669:
3662:
3649:
3648:
3644:
3614:
3613:
3609:
3599:
3597:
3579:
3578:
3571:
3558:
3557:
3553:
3541:
3537:
3526:
3522:
3513:
3509:
3479:
3478:
3474:
3467:
3451:
3450:
3446:
3416:
3415:
3411:
3402:
3400:
3391:
3390:
3386:
3372:
3371:
3367:
3313:
3312:
3308:
3303:
3291:Pacific Islands
3268:
3212:
3206:
3161:gender identity
3148:
3140:Main articles:
3138:
3129:
3123:
3104:rite of passage
3054:male sex organs
3052:, the external
3042:
3036:
2978:The Greek poet
2972:
2966:
2923:
2917:
2877:
2865:Main articles:
2859:
2848:
2842:
2839:
2829:help improve it
2826:
2813:
2809:
2802:
2775:
2769:
2764:
2758:
2718:plastic surgery
2701:
2695:
2639:
2631:Main articles:
2629:
2603:
2597:
2576:
2570:
2507:
2489:
2484:
2478:
2472:
2466:
2437:
2436:
2435:
2434:
2433:
2308:Polyculturalism
2204:Civil liberties
2176:
2168:
2167:
2166:
2165:
2164:
2145:Reappropriation
2045:
2044:Countermeasures
2037:
2036:
2035:
2034:
2033:
1962:Racial steering
1928:Numerus clausus
1832:
1824:
1823:
1822:
1821:
1820:
1547:Ethnic conflict
1482:Corrective rape
1437:
1429:
1428:
1427:
1426:
1425:
1072:
1061:
1060:
1059:
1058:
1057:
1012:minority Muslim
905:
895:
894:
893:
892:
891:
783:HIV/AIDS stigma
655:
647:
646:
645:
644:
643:
592:Mental disorder
534:
526:
525:
524:
523:
522:
495:
459:body dysmorphia
455:self-mutilation
447:gender identity
431:
429:Self-mutilation
425:
419:of her vagina.
364:
356:sexual violence
352:
328:
294:
286:Main articles:
284:
279:
274:
272:Genital cutting
269:
190:gender identity
180:People who are
178:
172:
131:sexual pleasure
79:
74:
68:
63:
51:quality of life
37:applied to the
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
6801:
6799:
6791:
6790:
6785:
6775:
6774:
6768:
6767:
6765:
6764:
6759:
6758:
6757:
6752:
6747:
6742:
6734:
6729:
6723:
6721:
6717:
6716:
6714:
6713:
6708:
6703:
6698:
6692:
6690:
6686:
6685:
6683:
6682:
6681:
6680:
6675:
6673:teen pregnancy
6665:
6664:
6663:
6655:
6650:
6645:
6640:
6635:
6630:
6625:
6619:
6617:
6613:
6612:
6610:
6609:
6604:
6603:
6602:
6592:
6587:
6582:
6577:
6571:
6569:
6565:
6564:
6562:
6561:
6556:
6551:
6546:
6541:
6536:
6531:
6525:
6523:
6517:
6516:
6514:
6513:
6508:
6503:
6498:
6493:
6487:
6485:
6481:
6480:
6478:
6477:
6472:
6467:
6462:
6457:
6452:
6447:
6442:
6437:
6432:
6427:
6421:
6419:
6413:
6412:
6410:
6409:
6408:
6407:
6399:
6398:
6397:
6387:
6381:
6379:
6373:
6372:
6370:
6369:
6364:
6359:
6358:
6357:
6352:
6344:
6339:
6333:
6331:
6323:
6322:
6320:
6319:
6314:
6309:
6304:
6299:
6294:
6288:
6286:
6280:
6279:
6277:
6276:
6271:
6270:
6269:
6264:
6254:
6249:
6239:
6237:
6231:
6230:
6228:
6227:
6222:
6217:
6211:
6209:
6205:
6204:
6202:
6201:
6200:
6199:
6194:
6184:
6179:
6174:
6169:
6163:
6161:
6155:
6154:
6149:
6147:
6146:
6139:
6132:
6124:
6115:
6114:
6112:
6111:
6106:
6100:
6098:
6092:
6091:
6089:
6088:
6086:Vestibulectomy
6083:
6078:
6073:
6068:
6062:
6060:
6054:
6053:
6051:
6050:
6045:
6040:
6035:
6030:
6025:
6024:
6023:
6021:husband stitch
6013:
6008:
6003:
5997:
5995:
5989:
5988:
5985:
5984:
5982:
5981:
5975:
5970:
5960:
5955:
5954:
5953:
5943:
5937:
5935:
5924:
5923:
5921:
5920:
5914:
5912:
5901:
5900:
5898:
5897:
5892:
5886:
5884:
5873:
5872:
5870:
5869:
5864:
5858:
5856:
5851:Uterine cavity
5845:
5844:
5842:
5841:
5836:
5831:
5826:
5821:
5816:
5810:
5808:
5797:
5791:
5790:
5788:
5787:
5785:Tubal reversal
5782:
5777:
5775:Tubal ligation
5772:
5767:
5761:
5759:
5753:
5752:
5750:
5749:
5744:
5738:
5736:
5730:
5729:
5724:
5721:
5720:
5714:
5712:
5711:
5704:
5697:
5689:
5680:
5679:
5677:
5676:
5674:Law portal
5663:
5660:
5659:
5657:
5656:
5651:
5645:
5643:
5642:Related topics
5639:
5638:
5636:
5635:
5630:
5625:
5619:
5617:
5613:
5612:
5610:
5609:
5607:Victim blaming
5604:
5599:
5594:
5589:
5584:
5579:
5574:
5569:
5563:
5561:
5555:
5554:
5552:
5551:
5550:
5549:
5544:
5534:
5532:Sexual slavery
5529:
5524:
5519:
5518:
5517:
5512:
5507:
5497:
5492:
5487:
5485:Sexual assault
5482:
5477:
5472:
5467:
5466:
5465:
5460:
5455:
5450:
5445:
5440:
5435:
5430:
5420:
5418:Money marriage
5415:
5410:
5405:
5400:
5399:
5398:
5393:
5388:
5383:
5378:
5376:Child-on-child
5368:
5362:
5360:
5356:
5355:
5350:
5348:
5347:
5340:
5333:
5325:
5319:
5318:
5311:
5302:
5301:External links
5299:
5296:
5295:
5227:
5203:
5178:
5146:
5126:
5116:(3): 799â801.
5101:
5092:
5078:
5069:
5056:
5047:
5040:
5020:
5011:
5004:
4984:
4959:
4952:
4932:
4903:(7): 758â763.
4883:
4846:(3): 258â260.
4826:
4824:
4823:
4817:
4800:
4791:
4778:
4714:
4684:
4649:(7): 469â474.
4630:
4611:
4569:
4505:Frisch, Morten
4494:
4468:
4443:
4392:
4365:(10): 1231â6.
4349:
4340:
4333:
4311:
4300:
4280:
4269:
4247:
4212:
4203:
4184:(4): 407â424.
4168:
4127:(7): 611â613.
4102:
4091:(2): 153â187.
4075:
4050:
4001:
3976:
3952:
3922:
3891:
3865:
3846:
3828:
3748:
3716:
3704:
3692:
3685:
3667:
3660:
3642:
3623:(3): 409â433.
3607:
3569:
3551:
3535:
3520:
3507:
3488:(3): 799â801.
3472:
3465:
3444:
3409:
3384:
3365:
3305:
3304:
3302:
3299:
3267:
3264:
3260:exsanguination
3208:Main article:
3205:
3202:
3190:Bertha Boronda
3137:
3134:
3125:Main article:
3122:
3119:
3102:and seen as a
3090:In modern-day
3038:Main article:
3035:
3032:
2968:Main article:
2965:
2962:
2919:Main article:
2916:
2913:
2861:
2860:
2816:
2814:
2807:
2801:
2798:
2771:Main article:
2768:
2765:
2757:
2754:
2697:Main article:
2694:
2691:
2628:
2625:
2599:Main article:
2596:
2593:
2572:Main article:
2569:
2566:
2561:United Nations
2518:genital organs
2503:Main article:
2488:
2485:
2477:
2474:
2468:
2467:
2465:
2464:
2457:
2450:
2442:
2439:
2438:
2432:
2431:
2426:
2425:
2424:
2414:
2409:
2404:
2403:
2402:
2397:
2392:
2382:
2377:
2372:
2367:
2362:
2357:
2356:
2355:
2353:Reverse racism
2345:
2340:
2335:
2330:
2325:
2323:Prisoner abuse
2320:
2315:
2313:Power distance
2310:
2305:
2300:
2295:
2290:
2285:
2280:
2279:
2278:
2268:
2263:
2258:
2253:
2248:
2243:
2238:
2233:
2231:Ethnic penalty
2228:
2227:
2226:
2224:Neurodiversity
2221:
2211:
2209:Dehumanization
2206:
2201:
2199:Cisnormativity
2196:
2191:
2186:
2180:
2179:
2178:
2177:
2175:Related topics
2174:
2173:
2170:
2169:
2163:
2162:
2157:
2152:
2147:
2142:
2137:
2132:
2127:
2122:
2117:
2112:
2107:
2102:
2097:
2092:
2091:
2090:
2080:
2075:
2070:
2065:
2060:
2055:
2049:
2048:
2047:
2046:
2043:
2042:
2039:
2038:
2032:
2031:
2026:
2021:
2019:State religion
2016:
2011:
2006:
2001:
2000:
1999:
1994:
1989:
1984:
1974:
1969:
1964:
1959:
1958:
1957:
1955:Nuremberg Laws
1952:
1942:
1937:
1932:
1924:
1919:
1914:
1909:
1904:
1899:
1897:Ghetto benches
1894:
1892:Gerrymandering
1889:
1884:
1879:
1877:Gender pay gap
1874:
1873:
1872:
1867:
1857:
1852:
1847:
1842:
1836:
1835:
1834:
1833:
1830:
1829:
1826:
1825:
1819:
1818:
1813:
1808:
1803:
1798:
1793:
1788:
1783:
1778:
1773:
1768:
1763:
1758:
1753:
1748:
1743:
1738:
1733:
1728:
1723:
1718:
1713:
1708:
1703:
1702:
1701:
1696:
1691:
1681:
1676:
1671:
1666:
1661:
1656:
1654:Lavender scare
1651:
1649:Kill Haole Day
1646:
1644:Indian rolling
1641:
1636:
1631:
1626:
1621:
1620:
1619:
1609:
1604:
1603:
1602:
1592:
1589:
1584:
1579:
1574:
1569:
1564:
1559:
1554:
1549:
1544:
1539:
1534:
1532:Eliminationism
1529:
1524:
1519:
1514:
1509:
1504:
1499:
1494:
1489:
1484:
1479:
1474:
1469:
1467:Cancel culture
1464:
1459:
1454:
1453:
1452:
1441:
1440:
1439:
1438:
1436:Manifestations
1435:
1434:
1431:
1430:
1424:
1423:
1418:
1413:
1408:
1403:
1398:
1393:
1388:
1383:
1378:
1373:
1368:
1363:
1358:
1353:
1348:
1343:
1338:
1333:
1328:
1326:Middle Eastern
1323:
1318:
1313:
1308:
1303:
1298:
1293:
1292:
1291:
1281:
1276:
1271:
1266:
1265:
1264:
1259:
1254:
1246:
1241:
1236:
1231:
1226:
1221:
1216:
1211:
1206:
1201:
1196:
1191:
1186:
1181:
1176:
1171:
1166:
1161:
1160:
1159:
1154:
1149:
1139:
1134:
1129:
1128:
1127:
1122:
1117:
1107:
1102:
1097:
1092:
1087:
1082:
1076:
1075:
1074:
1073:
1067:
1066:
1063:
1062:
1056:
1055:
1053:Zoroastrianism
1050:
1045:
1040:
1035:
1030:
1029:
1028:
1018:
1017:
1016:
1015:
1014:
1009:
1004:
999:
994:
979:
978:
977:
975:Untouchability
972:
962:
957:
956:
955:
950:
945:
940:
935:
925:
920:
915:
909:
908:
907:
906:
901:
900:
897:
896:
890:
889:
884:
879:
878:
877:
872:
867:
857:
856:
855:
850:
840:
835:
830:
825:
820:
815:
810:
805:
800:
795:
793:Leprosy stigma
790:
785:
780:
775:
770:
765:
760:
755:
750:
745:
740:
735:
730:
725:
720:
715:
710:
705:
700:
695:
690:
685:
680:
675:
670:
665:
659:
658:
657:
656:
653:
652:
649:
648:
642:
641:
636:
631:
626:
621:
616:
611:
610:
609:
604:
594:
589:
584:
579:
574:
569:
564:
559:
554:
549:
544:
538:
537:
536:
535:
532:
531:
528:
527:
521:
520:
515:
510:
505:
499:
498:
497:
496:
493:
492:
489:
488:
480:
479:
477:Discrimination
473:
472:
451:mental illness
443:clitoridectomy
427:Main article:
424:
423:Self-inflicted
421:
363:
360:
351:
348:
327:
324:
288:Sex assignment
283:
280:
278:
277:Nontherapeutic
275:
273:
270:
268:
265:
253:genital injury
209:metoidioplasty
174:Main article:
171:
168:
78:
75:
70:Main article:
67:
64:
62:
59:
53:and result in
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6800:
6789:
6786:
6784:
6781:
6780:
6778:
6763:
6760:
6756:
6753:
6751:
6750:child benefit
6748:
6746:
6743:
6741:
6738:
6737:
6735:
6733:
6730:
6728:
6725:
6724:
6722:
6718:
6712:
6709:
6707:
6704:
6702:
6699:
6697:
6694:
6693:
6691:
6687:
6679:
6678:birth control
6676:
6674:
6671:
6670:
6669:
6668:United States
6666:
6662:
6659:
6658:
6656:
6654:
6651:
6649:
6646:
6644:
6641:
6639:
6636:
6634:
6631:
6629:
6626:
6624:
6621:
6620:
6618:
6614:
6608:
6605:
6601:
6598:
6597:
6596:
6593:
6591:
6588:
6586:
6583:
6581:
6578:
6576:
6573:
6572:
6570:
6566:
6560:
6557:
6555:
6552:
6550:
6547:
6545:
6542:
6540:
6537:
6535:
6532:
6530:
6527:
6526:
6524:
6522:
6518:
6512:
6509:
6507:
6504:
6502:
6499:
6497:
6494:
6492:
6489:
6488:
6486:
6482:
6476:
6473:
6471:
6468:
6466:
6465:Prenatal care
6463:
6461:
6458:
6456:
6453:
6451:
6448:
6446:
6443:
6441:
6438:
6436:
6433:
6431:
6428:
6426:
6423:
6422:
6420:
6418:
6414:
6406:
6403:
6402:
6400:
6396:
6393:
6392:
6391:
6388:
6386:
6383:
6382:
6380:
6378:
6374:
6368:
6365:
6363:
6360:
6356:
6353:
6351:
6348:
6347:
6345:
6343:
6340:
6338:
6335:
6334:
6332:
6330:
6324:
6318:
6317:Sterilization
6315:
6313:
6310:
6308:
6305:
6303:
6300:
6298:
6295:
6293:
6290:
6289:
6287:
6285:
6284:Contraception
6281:
6275:
6272:
6268:
6265:
6263:
6260:
6259:
6258:
6255:
6253:
6252:Birth spacing
6250:
6248:
6247:childlessness
6244:
6243:Childfreeness
6241:
6240:
6238:
6236:
6232:
6226:
6223:
6221:
6218:
6216:
6215:Sex education
6213:
6212:
6210:
6206:
6198:
6195:
6193:
6190:
6189:
6188:
6185:
6183:
6180:
6178:
6175:
6173:
6170:
6168:
6165:
6164:
6162:
6160:
6156:
6152:
6145:
6140:
6138:
6133:
6131:
6126:
6125:
6122:
6110:
6107:
6105:
6102:
6101:
6099:
6097:
6093:
6087:
6084:
6082:
6079:
6077:
6074:
6072:
6069:
6067:
6064:
6063:
6061:
6059:
6055:
6049:
6046:
6044:
6041:
6039:
6038:Hymenorrhaphy
6036:
6034:
6031:
6029:
6026:
6022:
6019:
6018:
6017:
6014:
6012:
6011:Culdocentesis
6009:
6007:
6004:
6002:
5999:
5998:
5996:
5994:
5990:
5979:
5976:
5974:
5971:
5968:
5964:
5961:
5959:
5956:
5952:
5949:
5948:
5947:
5944:
5942:
5939:
5938:
5936:
5933:
5931:
5925:
5919:
5916:
5915:
5913:
5910:
5908:
5902:
5896:
5893:
5891:
5888:
5887:
5885:
5882:
5880:
5874:
5868:
5865:
5863:
5860:
5859:
5857:
5854:
5852:
5846:
5840:
5837:
5835:
5832:
5830:
5827:
5825:
5822:
5820:
5817:
5815:
5812:
5811:
5809:
5806:
5801:
5798:
5796:
5792:
5786:
5783:
5781:
5778:
5776:
5773:
5771:
5770:Salpingectomy
5768:
5766:
5763:
5762:
5760:
5758:
5754:
5748:
5745:
5743:
5740:
5739:
5737:
5735:
5731:
5727:
5722:
5718:
5710:
5705:
5703:
5698:
5696:
5691:
5690:
5687:
5675:
5670:
5665:
5664:
5661:
5655:
5652:
5650:
5647:
5646:
5644:
5640:
5634:
5631:
5629:
5626:
5624:
5621:
5620:
5618:
5614:
5608:
5605:
5603:
5600:
5598:
5595:
5593:
5590:
5588:
5585:
5583:
5580:
5578:
5575:
5573:
5570:
5568:
5565:
5564:
5562:
5556:
5548:
5545:
5543:
5540:
5539:
5538:
5535:
5533:
5530:
5528:
5525:
5523:
5520:
5516:
5513:
5511:
5508:
5506:
5503:
5502:
5501:
5498:
5496:
5493:
5491:
5488:
5486:
5483:
5481:
5478:
5476:
5473:
5471:
5468:
5464:
5461:
5459:
5456:
5454:
5451:
5449:
5446:
5444:
5441:
5439:
5436:
5434:
5431:
5429:
5426:
5425:
5424:
5421:
5419:
5416:
5414:
5411:
5409:
5406:
5404:
5401:
5397:
5394:
5392:
5389:
5387:
5384:
5382:
5379:
5377:
5374:
5373:
5372:
5369:
5367:
5364:
5363:
5361:
5357:
5353:
5346:
5341:
5339:
5334:
5332:
5327:
5326:
5323:
5317:
5316:
5312:
5310:
5309:
5305:
5304:
5300:
5291:
5287:
5275:
5271:
5267:
5263:
5259:
5255:
5251:
5247:
5246:
5238:
5231:
5228:
5217:
5213:
5207:
5204:
5193:
5189:
5182:
5179:
5166:
5162:
5161:
5156:
5150:
5147:
5143:
5139:
5136:
5130:
5127:
5123:
5119:
5115:
5111:
5105:
5102:
5096:
5093:
5090:
5089:
5082:
5079:
5073:
5070:
5066:
5060:
5057:
5051:
5048:
5043:
5037:
5033:
5032:
5024:
5021:
5015:
5012:
5007:
5001:
4997:
4996:
4988:
4985:
4974:
4970:
4963:
4960:
4955:
4949:
4945:
4944:
4936:
4933:
4928:
4924:
4920:
4916:
4911:
4906:
4902:
4898:
4894:
4887:
4884:
4879:
4875:
4870:
4865:
4861:
4857:
4853:
4849:
4845:
4841:
4837:
4830:
4827:
4820:
4814:
4810:
4806:
4801:
4798:
4794:
4788:
4784:
4779:
4776:
4772:
4768:
4763:
4758:
4754:
4750:
4745:
4740:
4736:
4732:
4728:
4723:
4722:
4718:
4715:
4702:
4698:
4694:
4688:
4685:
4680:
4676:
4672:
4668:
4664:
4660:
4656:
4652:
4648:
4644:
4640:
4634:
4631:
4618:
4614:
4608:
4604:
4600:
4596:
4592:
4588:
4584:
4580:
4573:
4570:
4557:
4553:
4549:
4545:
4541:
4536:
4531:
4527:
4523:
4519:
4518:
4510:
4506:
4498:
4495:
4482:
4478:
4472:
4469:
4458:
4454:
4447:
4444:
4439:
4435:
4430:
4425:
4420:
4415:
4411:
4407:
4403:
4396:
4393:
4388:
4384:
4380:
4376:
4372:
4368:
4364:
4360:
4353:
4350:
4344:
4341:
4336:
4334:9780702065033
4330:
4326:
4322:
4315:
4312:
4307:
4303:
4297:
4293:
4292:
4284:
4281:
4277:
4272:
4270:9781447128588
4266:
4262:
4258:
4251:
4248:
4243:
4239:
4235:
4231:
4228:(7): 778â94.
4227:
4223:
4216:
4213:
4207:
4204:
4199:
4195:
4191:
4187:
4183:
4179:
4172:
4169:
4156:
4152:
4148:
4144:
4140:
4135:
4130:
4126:
4122:
4121:
4113:
4106:
4103:
4098:
4094:
4090:
4086:
4079:
4076:
4064:
4060:
4054:
4051:
4046:
4042:
4037:
4032:
4028:
4024:
4020:
4016:
4012:
4005:
4002:
3990:
3983:
3981:
3977:
3969:
3962:
3956:
3953:
3941:
3937:
3931:
3929:
3927:
3923:
3910:
3906:
3900:
3898:
3896:
3892:
3881:on 2010-07-14
3880:
3876:
3869:
3866:
3861:
3857:
3850:
3847:
3842:
3841:Treaty Office
3838:
3832:
3829:
3826:
3824:
3820:
3816:
3813:
3809:
3805:
3803:
3799:
3796:
3793:(July 2014),
3792:
3788:
3785:
3781:
3777:
3774:
3770:
3766:
3763:
3758:
3752:
3749:
3746:
3744:
3740:
3737:
3732:
3728:
3725:
3720:
3717:
3714:
3708:
3705:
3701:
3696:
3693:
3688:
3686:9781451153897
3682:
3678:
3671:
3668:
3663:
3657:
3653:
3646:
3643:
3638:
3634:
3630:
3626:
3622:
3618:
3611:
3608:
3596:
3592:
3588:
3584:
3576:
3574:
3570:
3565:
3561:
3555:
3552:
3548:
3545:
3539:
3536:
3532:
3529:
3524:
3521:
3517:
3511:
3508:
3503:
3499:
3495:
3491:
3487:
3483:
3476:
3473:
3468:
3466:9780534509033
3462:
3458:
3454:
3453:Nanda, Serena
3448:
3445:
3440:
3436:
3432:
3428:
3424:
3420:
3413:
3410:
3399:on 2015-07-09
3398:
3394:
3388:
3385:
3380:
3376:
3369:
3366:
3361:
3357:
3352:
3347:
3343:
3339:
3334:
3329:
3325:
3321:
3317:
3310:
3307:
3300:
3298:
3296:
3292:
3286:
3284:
3278:
3275:
3273:
3265:
3263:
3261:
3257:
3253:
3249:
3245:
3241:
3237:
3233:
3229:
3225:
3221:
3217:
3211:
3203:
3201:
3199:
3195:
3194:Lorena Bobbit
3191:
3187:
3183:
3182:Penis removal
3179:
3177:
3172:
3170:
3166:
3162:
3158:
3154:
3147:
3146:Penis removal
3143:
3135:
3133:
3128:
3120:
3118:
3116:
3112:
3111:Chinese court
3107:
3105:
3101:
3097:
3093:
3088:
3086:
3083:is short for
3082:
3078:
3074:
3070:
3066:
3061:
3059:
3055:
3051:
3047:
3041:
3033:
3031:
3029:
3024:
3022:
3018:
3013:
3012:
3005:
3003:
2999:
2995:
2988:
2987:
2981:
2976:
2971:
2963:
2961:
2959:
2955:
2951:
2947:
2942:
2940:
2936:
2927:
2922:
2914:
2912:
2910:
2906:
2902:
2898:
2894:
2890:
2881:
2876:
2872:
2868:
2857:
2854:
2846:
2836:
2835:
2830:
2824:
2822:
2815:
2806:
2805:
2799:
2797:
2795:
2790:
2788:
2784:
2783:penis removal
2780:
2774:
2766:
2763:
2755:
2753:
2751:
2747:
2743:
2739:
2735:
2731:
2727:
2723:
2722:clitoral hood
2719:
2716:
2709:
2705:
2700:
2692:
2690:
2688:
2682:
2680:
2676:
2671:
2669:
2668:
2663:
2659:
2655:
2648:
2643:
2638:
2634:
2626:
2624:
2622:
2618:
2614:
2610:
2609:
2602:
2594:
2592:
2590:
2586:
2582:
2575:
2574:Hymenorrhaphy
2568:Hymenorrhaphy
2567:
2565:
2562:
2558:
2554:
2549:
2547:
2543:
2539:
2533:
2531:
2527:
2523:
2519:
2515:
2511:
2506:
2498:
2497:map of Africa
2493:
2486:
2483:
2475:
2473:
2463:
2458:
2456:
2451:
2449:
2444:
2443:
2441:
2440:
2430:
2427:
2423:
2420:
2419:
2418:
2415:
2413:
2410:
2408:
2407:Social stigma
2405:
2401:
2398:
2396:
2393:
2391:
2388:
2387:
2386:
2383:
2381:
2378:
2376:
2373:
2371:
2368:
2366:
2363:
2361:
2358:
2354:
2351:
2350:
2349:
2346:
2344:
2341:
2339:
2336:
2334:
2331:
2329:
2326:
2324:
2321:
2319:
2316:
2314:
2311:
2309:
2306:
2304:
2301:
2299:
2296:
2294:
2291:
2289:
2286:
2284:
2281:
2277:
2274:
2273:
2272:
2269:
2267:
2264:
2262:
2259:
2257:
2254:
2252:
2249:
2247:
2244:
2242:
2239:
2237:
2234:
2232:
2229:
2225:
2222:
2220:
2217:
2216:
2215:
2212:
2210:
2207:
2205:
2202:
2200:
2197:
2195:
2192:
2190:
2187:
2185:
2182:
2181:
2172:
2171:
2161:
2158:
2156:
2153:
2151:
2148:
2146:
2143:
2141:
2138:
2136:
2133:
2131:
2128:
2126:
2123:
2121:
2118:
2116:
2113:
2111:
2108:
2106:
2103:
2101:
2098:
2096:
2093:
2089:
2086:
2085:
2084:
2081:
2079:
2076:
2074:
2071:
2069:
2066:
2064:
2061:
2059:
2056:
2054:
2051:
2050:
2041:
2040:
2030:
2027:
2025:
2022:
2020:
2017:
2015:
2014:State atheism
2012:
2010:
2007:
2005:
2002:
1998:
1995:
1993:
1990:
1988:
1985:
1983:
1980:
1979:
1978:
1975:
1973:
1970:
1968:
1965:
1963:
1960:
1956:
1953:
1951:
1950:Jim Crow laws
1948:
1947:
1946:
1943:
1941:
1938:
1936:
1935:One-drop rule
1933:
1931:
1929:
1925:
1923:
1920:
1918:
1915:
1913:
1910:
1908:
1905:
1903:
1900:
1898:
1895:
1893:
1890:
1888:
1885:
1883:
1880:
1878:
1875:
1871:
1868:
1866:
1863:
1862:
1861:
1858:
1856:
1853:
1851:
1850:Blood quantum
1848:
1846:
1843:
1841:
1838:
1837:
1828:
1827:
1817:
1814:
1812:
1809:
1807:
1804:
1802:
1799:
1797:
1794:
1792:
1791:Victimisation
1789:
1787:
1786:Trans bashing
1784:
1782:
1779:
1777:
1774:
1772:
1769:
1767:
1764:
1762:
1759:
1757:
1756:Religious war
1754:
1752:
1749:
1747:
1744:
1742:
1739:
1737:
1736:Racialization
1734:
1732:
1729:
1727:
1724:
1722:
1719:
1717:
1714:
1712:
1709:
1707:
1704:
1700:
1697:
1695:
1692:
1690:
1687:
1686:
1685:
1682:
1680:
1677:
1675:
1672:
1670:
1667:
1665:
1662:
1660:
1657:
1655:
1652:
1650:
1647:
1645:
1642:
1640:
1637:
1635:
1632:
1630:
1627:
1625:
1622:
1618:
1615:
1614:
1613:
1610:
1608:
1607:Glass ceiling
1605:
1601:
1598:
1597:
1596:
1593:
1590:
1588:
1585:
1583:
1580:
1578:
1575:
1573:
1570:
1568:
1565:
1563:
1560:
1558:
1555:
1553:
1552:Ethnic hatred
1550:
1548:
1545:
1543:
1540:
1538:
1535:
1533:
1530:
1528:
1525:
1523:
1520:
1518:
1515:
1513:
1510:
1508:
1505:
1503:
1500:
1498:
1495:
1493:
1490:
1488:
1487:Counter-jihad
1485:
1483:
1480:
1478:
1475:
1473:
1470:
1468:
1465:
1463:
1460:
1458:
1455:
1451:
1448:
1447:
1446:
1443:
1442:
1433:
1432:
1422:
1419:
1417:
1414:
1412:
1409:
1407:
1404:
1402:
1399:
1397:
1394:
1392:
1389:
1387:
1384:
1382:
1379:
1377:
1374:
1372:
1369:
1367:
1364:
1362:
1359:
1357:
1354:
1352:
1349:
1347:
1344:
1342:
1339:
1337:
1334:
1332:
1329:
1327:
1324:
1322:
1319:
1317:
1314:
1312:
1309:
1307:
1304:
1302:
1299:
1297:
1294:
1290:
1287:
1286:
1285:
1282:
1280:
1277:
1275:
1272:
1270:
1267:
1263:
1262:United States
1260:
1258:
1255:
1253:
1250:
1249:
1247:
1245:
1242:
1240:
1237:
1235:
1232:
1230:
1227:
1225:
1222:
1220:
1217:
1215:
1212:
1210:
1207:
1205:
1202:
1200:
1197:
1195:
1192:
1190:
1187:
1185:
1182:
1180:
1177:
1175:
1172:
1170:
1167:
1165:
1162:
1158:
1155:
1153:
1150:
1148:
1145:
1144:
1143:
1140:
1138:
1135:
1133:
1130:
1126:
1125:United States
1123:
1121:
1118:
1116:
1113:
1112:
1111:
1108:
1106:
1103:
1101:
1098:
1096:
1093:
1091:
1088:
1086:
1083:
1081:
1078:
1077:
1071:
1065:
1064:
1054:
1051:
1049:
1046:
1044:
1041:
1039:
1038:Protestantism
1036:
1034:
1031:
1027:
1024:
1023:
1022:
1019:
1013:
1010:
1008:
1005:
1003:
1000:
998:
995:
993:
990:
989:
988:
985:
984:
983:
980:
976:
973:
971:
968:
967:
966:
963:
961:
958:
954:
951:
949:
948:LDS or Mormon
946:
944:
941:
939:
936:
934:
931:
930:
929:
926:
924:
921:
919:
916:
914:
911:
910:
904:
899:
898:
888:
885:
883:
880:
876:
873:
871:
870:Transmisogyny
868:
866:
863:
862:
861:
858:
854:
851:
849:
846:
845:
844:
841:
839:
836:
834:
831:
829:
826:
824:
821:
819:
816:
814:
811:
809:
806:
804:
801:
799:
796:
794:
791:
789:
786:
784:
781:
779:
776:
774:
773:Gerontophobia
771:
769:
766:
764:
761:
759:
756:
754:
751:
749:
746:
744:
741:
739:
736:
734:
731:
729:
726:
724:
721:
719:
716:
714:
711:
709:
706:
704:
703:Anti-intersex
701:
699:
696:
694:
691:
689:
686:
684:
681:
679:
678:Anti-albinism
676:
674:
671:
669:
666:
664:
661:
660:
651:
650:
640:
637:
635:
632:
630:
627:
625:
622:
620:
617:
615:
612:
608:
605:
603:
600:
599:
598:
595:
593:
590:
588:
585:
583:
580:
578:
575:
573:
570:
568:
565:
563:
560:
558:
555:
553:
550:
548:
545:
543:
540:
539:
530:
529:
519:
516:
514:
511:
509:
506:
504:
503:Institutional
501:
500:
491:
490:
486:
482:
481:
478:
474:
470:
466:
465:
462:
460:
456:
452:
448:
444:
440:
436:
430:
422:
420:
418:
414:
410:
406:
402:
400:
396:
391:
389:
385:
381:
377:
373:
369:
361:
359:
357:
349:
347:
344:
339:
336:
333:
325:
323:
321:
317:
313:
309:
305:
300:
298:
293:
289:
281:
276:
271:
266:
264:
262:
258:
254:
250:
246:
243:found in the
242:
238:
234:
230:
226:
222:
218:
214:
210:
206:
202:
198:
193:
191:
187:
183:
177:
169:
167:
165:
161:
157:
156:clitoral pump
153:
149:
147:
143:
138:
136:
132:
128:
124:
117:
112:
108:
106:
102:
98:
95:culture, the
94:
90:
86:
82:
76:
73:
65:
60:
58:
56:
52:
48:
44:
40:
36:
33:are forms of
32:
19:
6762:Abortion law
6745:bachelor tax
6510:
6395:vulvovaginal
6329:reproduction
6033:Colpocleisis
5973:Cervicectomy
5928:
5905:
5877:
5862:Hysteroscopy
5849:
5819:Hysterectomy
5814:Genitoplasty
5804:
5765:Falloposcopy
5742:Oophorectomy
5592:Rape culture
5558:Sociological
5505:in education
5475:Revenge porn
5412:
5352:Sexual abuse
5313:
5306:
5289:
5286:akroposthion
5285:
5277:. Retrieved
5249:
5243:
5230:
5219:. Retrieved
5216:wiki.bme.com
5215:
5206:
5195:. Retrieved
5191:
5181:
5169:. Retrieved
5158:
5149:
5129:
5113:
5109:
5104:
5095:
5086:
5081:
5072:
5059:
5050:
5030:
5023:
5014:
4994:
4987:
4976:. Retrieved
4972:
4962:
4942:
4935:
4900:
4896:
4886:
4843:
4839:
4829:
4804:
4796:
4782:
4774:
4734:
4730:
4717:
4705:. Retrieved
4687:
4646:
4642:
4633:
4621:. Retrieved
4586:
4572:
4560:. Retrieved
4521:
4515:
4497:
4485:. Retrieved
4481:the original
4471:
4460:. Retrieved
4456:
4446:
4409:
4405:
4395:
4362:
4358:
4352:
4343:
4320:
4314:
4290:
4283:
4274:
4256:
4250:
4225:
4221:
4215:
4206:
4181:
4177:
4171:
4159:. Retrieved
4155:the original
4124:
4118:
4105:
4088:
4084:
4078:
4066:. Retrieved
4062:
4053:
4018:
4014:
4004:
3993:. Retrieved
3968:the original
3955:
3943:. Retrieved
3939:
3913:. Retrieved
3909:the original
3883:. Retrieved
3879:the original
3868:
3859:
3849:
3840:
3831:
3822:
3808:Gerry Mackie
3806:
3760:
3751:
3734:
3719:
3707:
3695:
3676:
3670:
3651:
3645:
3620:
3616:
3610:
3600:22 September
3598:. Retrieved
3586:
3563:
3554:
3538:
3523:
3510:
3485:
3481:
3475:
3456:
3447:
3422:
3418:
3412:
3401:. Retrieved
3397:the original
3387:
3378:
3374:
3368:
3323:
3319:
3309:
3288:
3280:
3276:
3269:
3213:
3198:microsurgery
3180:
3173:
3149:
3130:
3108:
3099:
3089:
3084:
3080:
3079:. The term
3062:
3043:
3040:Emasculation
3034:Emasculation
3025:
3020:
3016:
3006:
2994:Infibulation
2993:
2992:
2970:Infibulation
2964:Infibulation
2943:
2939:circumcision
2932:
2886:
2867:Circumcision
2849:
2840:
2832:
2821:undue weight
2818:
2800:Circumcision
2793:
2791:
2776:
2746:vaginoplasty
2742:labia minora
2712:
2687:labia minora
2683:
2672:
2665:
2661:
2657:
2652:
2647:labia minora
2646:
2637:vaginoplasty
2608:labia minora
2606:
2604:
2577:
2550:
2534:
2508:
2471:
2241:Gender-blind
2120:Human rights
1940:Racial quota
1927:
1907:Jewish quota
1887:Gerontocracy
1882:Gender roles
1860:Disabilities
1845:Blood purity
1811:Wife selling
1801:White flight
1781:Slut-shaming
1761:Scapegoating
1679:Murder music
1346:Palestinians
1289:Anti-Zionism
1157:South Africa
1142:Black people
1120:South Africa
928:Christianity
918:BahĂĄÊŒĂ Faith
838:Sectarianism
778:Heterosexism
743:Ephebiphobia
713:Anti-Masonry
572:Hair texture
432:
413:menstruation
403:
392:
365:
362:As treatment
353:
346:
341:
337:
329:
301:
295:
257:David Reimer
255:, including
241:third gender
225:hair removal
217:scrotoplasty
213:phalloplasty
197:vaginoplasty
194:
184:may undergo
179:
150:
139:
135:sex partners
121:
83:
80:
46:
42:
30:
29:
6648:Philippines
6580:Infertility
6539:Gynaecology
6506:Transgender
6274:Sperm theft
6267:foster care
6076:Labiaplasty
6001:Vaginectomy
5879:Endometrium
5824:Hysterotomy
5171:27 November
4623:19 November
4528:: 796â800.
4412:: 2458â68.
4222:Sexualities
4178:Sexualities
4068:October 12,
3837:"Full list"
3762:UNICEF 2013
3736:UNICEF 2013
3724:UNICEF 2013
3700:UNICEF 2016
3295:Philippines
3283:Old Kingdom
3272:glans penis
3252:ejaculation
3216:urethrotomy
3069:transgender
3023:) or pin.
2954:glans penis
2738:labiaplasty
2645:Vulva with
2633:vulvoplasty
2585:consummated
2538:infibulated
2135:Nonviolence
2130:LGBT rights
2095:Empowerment
2063:Anti-racism
1977:Segregation
1922:No kid zone
1716:Persecution
1629:Hate speech
1582:Gay bashing
1557:Ethnic joke
1512:Dog whistle
1457:Blood libel
1137:Azerbaijani
1033:Neopaganism
1026:Persecution
987:Persecution
970:Persecution
933:Catholicism
860:Transphobia
843:Supremacism
798:Lesbophobia
718:Aporophobia
683:Anti-autism
518:Taste-based
513:Statistical
380:orchiectomy
368:vaginectomy
314:objects to
267:Unvoluntary
233:liposuction
205:trans women
201:vulvoplasty
182:transgender
140:Similarly,
114:Woman with
105:glans penis
41:. The term
6788:Mutilation
6777:Categories
6740:baby bonus
6736:Financial
6616:By country
6440:childbirth
6430:Obstetrics
6362:Sperm bank
6066:Vulvectomy
6028:Hymenotomy
6016:Episiotomy
6006:Culdoscopy
5941:Colposcopy
5907:Myometrium
5567:Aggression
5542:Statistics
5279:2018-02-06
5221:2017-12-13
5197:2024-04-25
4978:2017-08-23
4737:(1): 603.
4517:Pediatrics
4462:2023-06-05
4161:11 October
3995:2007-05-29
3940:Sexy Labia
3885:2010-11-07
3403:2010-01-17
3301:References
3242:, and the
3092:South Asia
3058:castration
2901:instrument
2773:Castration
2767:Castration
2760:See also:
2542:episiotomy
2532:persons.
2480:See also:
2417:Stereotype
2412:Speciesism
2293:Oppression
2288:Oikophobia
2184:Allophilia
2160:Toleration
2009:Sodomy law
1902:Internment
1816:Witch-hunt
1694:Blackhawks
1624:Hate group
1612:Hate crime
1587:Gendercide
1577:Freak show
1567:Excellence
1527:Employment
1497:Defamation
1421:Vietnamese
1416:Venezuelan
1306:Lithuanian
960:Falun Gong
887:Xenophobia
882:Vegaphobia
865:Non-binary
823:Pedophobia
788:Homophobia
602:Skin color
562:Disability
533:Attributes
508:Structural
435:castration
405:Hymenotomy
399:episiotomy
395:childbirth
372:vulvectomy
326:Opposition
308:micropenis
261:John Money
249:castration
6653:Singapore
6568:Disorders
6529:Andrology
6417:Pregnancy
6401:Research
6257:Parenting
6208:Education
5980:insertion
5458:Statutory
5290:kynodesme
5288:with the
4860:0003-9888
4753:1471-2458
4663:1473-4257
4562:4 January
4487:11 August
4242:145095068
4198:145795666
3945:April 25,
3915:April 25,
3637:150313647
3342:2305-5839
3326:(1): 11.
3256:urinating
3142:Penectomy
3136:Penectomy
3073:nonbinary
3050:testicles
3011:kynodesme
2986:kynodesmÄ
2843:July 2024
2779:testicles
2679:aesthetic
2581:virginity
2390:Christian
2318:Prejudice
2266:Masculism
2214:Diversity
1992:religious
1967:Redlining
1562:Ethnocide
1522:Education
1406:Ukrainian
1341:Pakistani
1331:Mongolian
1252:Australia
1234:Hungarian
1189:Colombian
1169:Bulgarian
1043:Rastafari
992:Ahmadiyya
903:Religious
875:Trans men
833:Pregnancy
768:Gayphobia
763:Fatphobia
668:Acephobia
663:Arophobia
639:Viewpoint
439:penectomy
376:penectomy
304:infertile
221:trans men
101:Meatotomy
77:Voluntary
6643:Pakistan
6521:Medicine
6501:Intersex
6484:Identity
6445:Abortion
6327:Assisted
6302:Safe sex
6262:adoption
6235:Planning
5967:pap test
5805:General:
5587:Misogyny
5582:Misandry
5560:theories
5463:Of males
5453:By proxy
5274:29580193
5266:11568485
5192:ABC News
5138:Archived
4919:14616462
4771:26133368
4701:Archived
4699:. 2020.
4671:23698885
4617:Archived
4591:New York
4585:(eds.).
4556:Archived
4552:40444911
4544:23509170
4438:22235177
4387:27220497
4306:Archived
4151:44583626
4143:15225183
4045:17525451
3815:Archived
3798:Archived
3787:Archived
3776:Archived
3773:Djibouti
3765:Archived
3739:Archived
3727:Archived
3547:Medscape
3455:(1999).
3439:22019163
3360:38304911
3351:10777246
3293:and the
3186:Thailand
3176:ulwaluko
3165:gangrene
3121:Pearling
3048:and the
2998:suturing
2980:Anacreon
2935:foreskin
2889:foreskin
2730:clitoris
2715:elective
2619:, and a
2530:intersex
2429:The talk
2365:Snobbery
2283:Net bias
2105:Feminism
2024:Ugly law
1865:Catholic
1831:Policies
1674:Mortgage
1669:Lynching
1600:examples
1595:Genocide
1517:Economic
1502:Democide
1462:Bullying
1371:Romanian
1336:Nigerian
1279:Japanese
1214:Georgian
1199:Filipino
1132:Assyrian
1105:Armenian
1095:American
1090:Albanian
1070:national
1048:Yazidism
965:Hinduism
923:Buddhism
818:Nepotism
813:Misogyny
808:Misandry
733:Clannism
728:Biphobia
673:Adultism
582:Language
469:a series
467:Part of
297:Intersex
282:Intersex
142:pearling
6689:History
6638:Ireland
6390:Women's
5978:Pessary
5734:Ovaries
5443:Marital
5124:2769863
4973:Gizmodo
4927:8855134
4878:9370910
4869:1717326
4762:4489047
4679:7461936
4507:(ed.).
4429:3253617
4379:8242285
4036:1877941
3795:Somalia
3784:Eritrea
3502:2769863
3240:Samoans
3236:Samburu
3232:Luritja
3228:Arrente
3174:In the
3153:eunuchs
3100:nirwaan
3077:eunuchs
3017:annulus
2958:tension
2946:scrotum
2827:Please
2728:of the
2555:by the
2524:or the
2236:Figleaf
1639:Housing
1401:Turkish
1351:Pashtun
1321:Mexican
1301:Kurdish
1274:Italian
1224:Haitian
1209:Finnish
1184:Chinese
1179:Chechen
1174:Catalan
1164:Bengali
1085:African
1068:Ethnic/
1021:Judaism
1007:Sunnism
997:Shi'ism
913:Atheism
738:Elitism
629:Species
567:Genetic
557:Dialect
393:During
61:Reasons
6720:Policy
6600:clinic
6377:Health
6307:Condom
6159:Rights
5993:Vagina
5930:Cervix
5795:Uterus
5780:Essure
5470:Raptio
5448:Prison
5428:Campus
5293:shut."
5272:
5264:
5038:
5002:
4950:
4925:
4917:
4876:
4866:
4858:
4815:
4789:
4769:
4759:
4751:
4707:24 May
4677:
4669:
4661:
4609:
4550:
4542:
4457:cps.ca
4436:
4426:
4385:
4377:
4331:
4298:
4267:
4240:
4196:
4149:
4141:
4043:
4033:
3683:
3658:
3635:
3589:: 50.
3500:
3482:J Urol
3463:
3437:
3358:
3348:
3340:
3238:, the
3234:, the
3230:, the
3226:, the
3220:meatus
3169:cancer
3021:fibula
2905:device
2873:, and
2675:vulvas
2476:Female
2422:threat
2276:autism
1997:sexual
1987:racial
1870:Jewish
1721:Pogrom
1699:Chiefs
1689:Braves
1411:Uyghur
1386:Somali
1381:Slavic
1366:Romani
1361:Quebec
1356:Polish
1296:Korean
1257:Canada
1244:Indian
1229:Hazara
1204:Fulani
1115:France
1080:Afghan
1002:Sufism
723:Audism
654:Social
577:Height
6628:India
6623:China
6385:Men's
6355:Sperm
6058:Vulva
5371:Child
5359:Forms
5270:S2CID
5240:(PDF)
4923:S2CID
4675:S2CID
4548:S2CID
4524:(4).
4512:(PDF)
4383:S2CID
4238:S2CID
4194:S2CID
4147:S2CID
4115:(PDF)
3971:(PDF)
3964:(PDF)
3633:S2CID
3157:harem
3096:hijra
3081:nullo
3046:penis
2819:lend
2734:vulva
2726:glans
2400:white
1731:Purge
1391:Tatar
1316:MÄori
1311:Malay
1269:Irish
1219:Greek
1194:Croat
1152:China
1110:Asian
982:Islam
848:White
587:Looks
552:Class
547:Caste
494:Forms
441:, or
397:, an
237:Hijra
6661:teen
6633:Iran
6342:ICSI
5951:LEEP
5616:Laws
5438:Gray
5433:Date
5423:Rape
5262:PMID
5173:2019
5122:PMID
5036:ISBN
5000:ISBN
4948:ISBN
4915:PMID
4874:PMID
4856:ISSN
4813:ISBN
4787:ISBN
4767:PMID
4749:ISSN
4709:2021
4667:PMID
4659:ISSN
4625:2019
4607:ISBN
4564:2020
4540:PMID
4489:2019
4434:PMID
4375:PMID
4329:ISBN
4296:ISBN
4265:ISBN
4163:2022
4139:PMID
4070:2022
4041:PMID
3947:2021
3917:2021
3681:ISBN
3656:ISBN
3602:2024
3498:PMID
3461:ISBN
3435:PMID
3381:(4).
3356:PMID
3338:ISSN
3144:and
3028:BDSM
2756:Male
2635:and
2589:rape
2395:male
2194:Bias
1617:LGBT
1396:Thai
1376:Serb
1239:Igbo
1100:Arab
853:Male
634:Size
614:Rank
290:and
239:, a
227:and
207:and
125:and
6350:Egg
5547:War
5254:doi
5118:doi
5114:142
4905:doi
4864:PMC
4848:doi
4757:PMC
4739:doi
4651:doi
4599:doi
4530:doi
4522:131
4424:PMC
4414:doi
4367:doi
4230:doi
4186:doi
4129:doi
4093:doi
4031:PMC
4023:doi
4019:334
4015:BMJ
3625:doi
3591:doi
3490:doi
3486:142
3427:doi
3423:186
3346:PMC
3328:doi
3167:or
3071:or
2941:.
2903:or
2528:of
1982:age
619:Sex
542:Age
378:or
370:or
6779::
5268:.
5260:.
5250:75
5248:.
5242:.
5214:.
5190:.
5163:.
5157:.
5112:.
4971:.
4921:.
4913:.
4901:92
4899:.
4895:.
4872:.
4862:.
4854:.
4844:77
4842:.
4838:.
4807:.
4795:.
4773:.
4765:.
4755:.
4747:.
4735:15
4733:.
4729:.
4695:.
4673:.
4665:.
4657:.
4647:39
4645:.
4615:.
4605:.
4593::
4589:.
4554:.
4546:.
4538:.
4520:.
4514:.
4455:.
4432:.
4422:.
4410:11
4408:.
4404:.
4381:.
4373:.
4363:80
4361:.
4323:.
4304:.
4273:.
4259:.
4236:.
4226:15
4224:.
4192:.
4180:.
4145:.
4137:.
4125:83
4123:.
4117:.
4087:.
4061:.
4039:.
4029:.
4017:.
4013:.
3979:^
3938:.
3925:^
3894:^
3858:.
3839:.
3821:,
3810:,
3631:.
3621:21
3619:.
3585:.
3572:^
3562:.
3496:.
3484:.
3433:.
3421:.
3377:.
3354:.
3344:.
3336:.
3324:12
3322:.
3318:.
3106:.
3030:.
3004:.
2911:.
2869:,
2789:.
2752:.
471:on
457:,
453:,
449:,
437:,
390:.
162:.
137:.
99:.
6245:/
6143:e
6136:t
6129:v
5969:)
5965:(
5932::
5909::
5881::
5853::
5708:e
5701:t
5694:v
5344:e
5337:t
5330:v
5282:.
5256::
5224:.
5200:.
5175:.
5044:.
5008:.
4981:.
4956:.
4929:.
4907::
4880:.
4850::
4821:.
4741::
4711:.
4681:.
4653::
4627:.
4601::
4566:.
4532::
4491:.
4465:.
4440:.
4416::
4389:.
4369::
4337:.
4244:.
4232::
4200:.
4188::
4182:8
4165:.
4131::
4099:.
4095::
4089:7
4072:.
4047:.
4025::
3998:.
3949:.
3919:.
3888:.
3862:.
3843:.
3702:.
3689:.
3664:.
3639:.
3627::
3604:.
3593::
3566:.
3504:.
3492::
3469:.
3441:.
3429::
3406:.
3379:7
3362:.
3330::
2856:)
2850:(
2845:)
2841:(
2825:.
2499:)
2461:e
2454:t
2447:v
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
