190:'Near the deserted Pilot Station at Amity Point, some of the natives may constantly be found during the warmer mouths of the year fishing for "Mullet," a very fine fish about the size of a mackerel. Iii this pursuit they are assisted in a most wonderful manner by the Porpoises. It seems that from time immemorial a sort of understanding has existed between the blacks and the Porpoises for their mutual advantage, and the former pretend to know all the Porpoises about the spot, and even have names for them. The beach here consists of shelving sand, and near the shore are small hillocks of sand, on which the blacks sit, watching for the appearance of a shoal of Mullet. Their nets, which are used by hand, and are stretched on a frame about 4 feet wide, he ready on the beach. On seeing a shoal, several of the men run down, and with their spears make a peculiar splashing in the water. Whether the Porpoises really understand this as a signal, or think it is the fish, it is difficult to determine, but the result is always the same; they at once come in towards the shore, driving the mullet before them. As they near the edge, a number of the blacks with spears and handnets quickly divide to the right and left, and dash into the water. The Porpoises being outside the shoal, numbers of fish are secured before they can break away. In the scene of apparent confusion that takes place, the blacks and Porpoises are seen splashing about close to each other. So fearless are the latter, that strangers, who have expressed doubts as to their tameness, have often been shown that they will take a fish from the end of a spear, when held to them. For my own part I cannot doubt that the understanding is real, and that the natives know these Porpoises, and that strange Porpoises would not show so little fear of the natives. The oldest men of the tribe say that the same kind of fishing has always been carried on as long as they can remember. Porpoises abound in the Bay, but in no other part do the natives fish with their assistance.'
114:
abduction. On 10 July 1831, Nunukul warriors at
Dunwich killed James Wood, a convict, in retribution for 'injuries suffered from Europeans'. Around this time they also killed a soldier stationed at Amity Point. The Nununkul injured Corporal Robert Cain, Private William Wright and a third man, the Thomas Kinchella sometime in 1832. Squads of soldiers were despatched to deal out summary justice to the islanders encountered. William Reardon, convict hutkeeper, known to the Nunukul by the sobriquet of
142:
was wounded on landing and two of his men, a
Charles Holdsworth and James O'Regan, were captured. Their bodies were recovered on 20 December 1832. Several natives were killed and wounded in a clash soon after. It is estimated that as a result of the escalation in fighting between the islanders and the British military units over the period between July 1831 and December 1832 something like thirty and forty Ngugi and Nunukal died or were wounded.
194:
In interviews with
Fairholme, the local people stated that the collaboration between dolphins and themselves had gone on for as long as anyone could remember. Since the island has been inhabited for over 50,000 years, it has been suggested that what Fairholme recounted may be 'an oral history link to
113:
The
British set up manned pilot station in their territory in 1825. Initially they continued to show themselves hospitable to the newcomers, but gradually relations soured over frictions arising from possession of indigenous women, some of whom, according to Nunukul oral history traditions, suffered
141:
and was awarded a uniform of military fashion replete with spurs. Fyan himself had a brass crescent made for his
Nunukul stowaway, with inscribed images of a kangaroo and emum together with Toggery's name. In an expedition to recapture runaway convicts, which was led by Chief Constable McIntosh, he
76:
On North
Stradbroke Island and the mainland opposite there were 2 or perhaps 3 clan divisions of the Quandamooka: the Nunukul, Goenpul Koobeenpul. Steele suggests that the Goenpul and the Koobeenpul may be one and the same clan, as the similarity in the names suggests.
165:
bloc. A Nunukul, Bobby Winter, played, together with the former convict Eugene
Doucette who had taken up residence among the Nunukul at Amity Point, Queensland Amity Point, played a key role in the capture of the Dalla-Djindubari guerilla leader
85:
In the early period of contact with
Europeans, the Nunukul took in castaways and fleeing convicts, such as the cedar cutters Thomas Pamphlett, Richard Parsons and John Finnegan who in 1823 lived for some 230 days among them, the
149:
anchored at Amity, and during the sojourn of the sailors, the
Nunukul were infected with venereal disease. The disease rapidly became a scourge to them and the Moreton Bay tribes, leading to a rapid drop in numbers.
118:
is said to have lured a tribal elder out on a fishing expedition, and, once the crew had killed him, to have cut off his head. On the 25 November of that year
Reardon was surprised near his hut at
853:
2571:
94:. It appears that the natives of the area believed that the white-skinned people were the spirits of their ancestors who had returned to their homes. These spirits were called
2606:
2599:
2564:
846:
2629:
2578:
839:
137:
called Peermudgeon stowed away on Captain F. Fyan's schooner as it left Amity Point bound for Sydney. On his arrival there, he was hailed as a second
2592:
153:
As one of the Quandamooka peoples, the Nunukul were part of an alliance which saw them and their Turball allies pitted in rivalry against the
2585:
821:
769:
682:
657:
619:
549:
798:
794:
589:
60:
and Jandai, though some prefer to use Janday as the generic term for this dialect cluster. Unlike the other dialects, it used
761:
649:
711:
Neil, David T. (2002). "Cooperative fishing interactions between Aboriginal Australians and dolphins in eastern Australia".
698:
741:
630:
674:
611:
575:
Connors, Libby (2009). "A hanging: a hostage drama and several homicides: why sovereignty in 1859 is problematic".
541:
276:
The text has porpoises' but this is a typical nineteenth century confusion, and must be corrected to dolphins. (
2506:
995:
593:
222:
37:
1212:
988:
874:
862:
534:"From exploitation to adoration: The historical and contemporary context of human-cetacean interactions"
29:
1506:
146:
2446:
2231:
1919:
1156:
728:
601:
216:
179:
33:
783:
2634:
831:
817:
765:
755:
678:
653:
615:
545:
263:
A Wynnum fisherman found the relic while walking in the sandhills of Moreton Island in 1940. (
134:
807:
668:
643:
605:
560:
533:
1814:
1583:
720:
57:
49:
2450:
2434:
2175:
1702:
1205:
178:
The people of Amity Point were observed by J. K. E. Fairholme as they enlisted the aid of
53:
219:, otherwise known as Kath Walker, was an indigenous Australian writer, poet and activist.
2454:
1965:
1499:
1415:
1352:
1086:
779:
631:"The mogwi take mi-an-jin: Race relations and the Moreton Bay penal settlement 1824-42"
133:
In 1837, a tall (6 foot 2) 17 year-old Nunukul, subsequently named Toggery, and a
103:
2623:
2536:
2495:
2458:
2442:
2378:
2154:
2112:
1737:
1730:
1597:
1590:
1513:
1443:
1310:
1149:
1107:
974:
932:
732:
693:
243:
210:
183:
2392:
2336:
2329:
2077:
2063:
2014:
1958:
1927:
1856:
1793:
1765:
1744:
1709:
1555:
1520:
1471:
1436:
1303:
1093:
1037:
960:
939:
890:
213:, of mixed Nunukul/Ngugi descent. The first indigenous woman elected to Parliament.
195:
the most ancient of human-cetacean interactions with a positive outcome for both.'
154:
91:
2515:
2420:
2280:
2259:
2252:
2182:
2119:
2084:
2000:
1835:
1786:
1695:
1667:
1653:
1576:
1548:
1457:
1429:
1268:
1177:
1170:
981:
946:
162:
87:
724:
2543:
2488:
2427:
2413:
2399:
2364:
2308:
2273:
2266:
2245:
2238:
1972:
1951:
1912:
1828:
1800:
1674:
1639:
1534:
1401:
1324:
1254:
1226:
1198:
1079:
953:
925:
866:
158:
561:"Traditional Law and Indigenous Resistance at Moreton Bay 1842-1855, Part II"
2371:
2357:
2315:
2203:
2196:
2189:
2168:
2133:
2126:
2098:
2091:
2035:
1986:
1870:
1849:
1751:
1723:
1611:
1569:
1485:
1373:
1366:
1282:
1261:
1191:
1121:
1058:
1030:
1023:
1009:
1002:
813:
204:
138:
68:
for the concept of 'no', and this was a marker of their tribal difference.
2522:
2301:
2217:
2147:
2140:
2049:
1993:
1898:
1863:
1842:
1821:
1779:
1660:
1646:
1632:
1618:
1541:
1527:
1478:
1464:
1450:
1422:
1387:
1380:
1331:
1317:
1296:
1289:
1247:
1135:
1065:
1051:
1044:
967:
911:
904:
897:
883:
167:
2529:
2481:
2474:
2350:
2322:
2294:
2224:
2161:
2105:
2042:
2021:
1944:
1935:
1905:
1891:
1772:
1758:
1688:
1681:
1625:
1394:
1359:
1338:
1275:
1233:
1219:
1184:
1114:
1072:
1016:
918:
251:
247:
795:"Nunukul-Nughi woman becomes first Indigenous woman in Qld parliament"
2467:
2406:
2343:
2287:
2210:
2070:
2056:
2028:
1979:
1877:
1716:
1604:
1562:
1345:
1163:
1128:
1100:
757:
Aboriginal Pathways: in Southeast Queensland and the Richmond River
2385:
1884:
1807:
1492:
1408:
1142:
127:
2007:
1240:
835:
809:
Aboriginal Peoples, Colonialism and International Law: Raw Law
538:
Whale-watching: Sustainable Tourism and Ecological Management
536:. In Higham, James; Bejder, Lars; Williams, Rob (eds.).
40:, in Moreton Bay Area and in mainland Brisbane regions.
2505:
873:
637:. The Brisbane History Group Papers. pp. 7–30.
607:Australian Languages: Their Nature and Development
242:Sources identify the 'Ninginingi with either the
223:Baizam Nunukul, otherwise known as Dennis Walker
699:Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London
590:"Amon's Path to Discovering his Family History"
56:that had close affinities with the dialects of
847:
694:"The blacks of Moreton Bay and the Porpoises"
8:
635:Brisbane: The Aboriginal presence, 1824-1860
854:
840:
832:
491:
568:Australia and New Zealand Law and History
467:
126:(fishing nets) and beaten to death with
503:
455:
443:
323:
299:
292:
235:
515:
359:
335:
52:(also known as Nunukan), a variety of
793:Tuahine, Michelle (2 February 2015).
749:. Queensland Heritage. pp. 3–14.
479:
431:
419:
407:
395:
383:
371:
347:
311:
264:
64:instead of the standard dialect word
7:
277:
122:(the little sandhill), entangled in
645:Fighting Words: Writing about Race
14:
799:National Indigenous Radio Service
2630:Aboriginal peoples of Queensland
754:Steele, John Gladstone (2015).
588:Di Piertro, Kav (26 May 2022).
762:University of Queensland Press
650:University of Queensland Press
1:
207:, Australian rules footballer
170:'s brother, Oumulli in 1848.
135:kipper or adolescent initiand
36:, who traditionally lived on
692:Fairholme, J. K. E. (1856).
743:Pamphlet, Uniacke and Field
110:on the coastland opposite.
2651:
1213:Guugu Yimithirr/Kokoimudji
788:. South Australian Museum.
725:10.2752/089279302786992694
675:Cambridge University Press
612:Cambridge University Press
577:Queensland History Journal
542:Cambridge University Press
2553:
633:. In Fisher, Rod (ed.).
532:Allen, Simon J. (2014).
2507:Torres Strait Islanders
996:Bidjara (Warrego River)
670:A History of Queensland
667:Evans, Raymond (2007).
642:Evans, Raymond (1999).
629:Evans, Raymond (1992).
594:AFL Players Association
559:Connors, Libby (2006).
989:Bidjara (Bulloo River)
806:Watson, Irene (2014).
740:Steele, J. G. (1970).
192:
147:whaling ship Elizabeth
98:on Stradbroke Island,
2559:By state or territory
2064:Uw Oykangand/Kwantari
1199:Gungganyji/Kongkandji
1171:Gugu-Badhun/Kokopatun
863:Indigenous Australian
188:
32:people, one of three
30:Aboriginal Australian
602:Dixon, Robert M. W.
446:, pp. 719–720.
34:Quandamooka peoples
2572:Northern Territory
544:. pp. 31–46.
217:Oodgeroo Noonuccal
145:In March 1835 the
48:The Nunukul spoke
24:and known also as
2617:
2616:
2607:Western Australia
1206:Gunggari/Kunggari
1052:Djabugay/Tjapukai
823:978-1-317-93837-8
771:978-0-702-25742-1
684:978-0-521-87692-6
659:978-0-702-23109-4
621:978-0-521-47378-1
551:978-0-521-19597-3
410:, pp. 49–50.
398:, pp. 20–21.
2642:
2609:
2602:
2595:
2588:
2581:
2574:
2567:
2560:
2546:
2539:
2532:
2525:
2518:
2498:
2491:
2484:
2477:
2470:
2461:
2437:
2430:
2423:
2416:
2409:
2402:
2395:
2388:
2381:
2374:
2367:
2360:
2353:
2346:
2339:
2332:
2325:
2318:
2311:
2304:
2297:
2290:
2283:
2276:
2269:
2262:
2255:
2248:
2241:
2234:
2227:
2220:
2213:
2206:
2199:
2192:
2185:
2178:
2171:
2164:
2157:
2150:
2143:
2136:
2129:
2122:
2115:
2108:
2101:
2094:
2087:
2080:
2073:
2066:
2059:
2052:
2045:
2038:
2031:
2024:
2017:
2010:
2003:
1996:
1989:
1982:
1975:
1968:
1961:
1954:
1947:
1938:
1922:
1915:
1908:
1901:
1894:
1887:
1880:
1873:
1866:
1859:
1852:
1845:
1838:
1831:
1824:
1817:
1810:
1803:
1796:
1789:
1782:
1775:
1768:
1761:
1754:
1747:
1740:
1733:
1731:Mingin/Mingginda
1726:
1719:
1712:
1705:
1698:
1691:
1684:
1677:
1670:
1663:
1656:
1649:
1642:
1635:
1628:
1621:
1614:
1607:
1600:
1593:
1586:
1579:
1572:
1565:
1558:
1551:
1544:
1537:
1530:
1523:
1516:
1509:
1502:
1495:
1488:
1481:
1474:
1467:
1460:
1453:
1446:
1439:
1432:
1425:
1418:
1411:
1404:
1397:
1390:
1383:
1376:
1369:
1362:
1355:
1348:
1341:
1334:
1327:
1320:
1313:
1306:
1299:
1292:
1285:
1278:
1271:
1264:
1257:
1250:
1243:
1236:
1229:
1222:
1215:
1208:
1201:
1194:
1187:
1180:
1173:
1166:
1159:
1152:
1145:
1138:
1131:
1124:
1117:
1110:
1103:
1096:
1089:
1082:
1075:
1068:
1061:
1054:
1047:
1040:
1033:
1026:
1019:
1012:
1005:
998:
991:
984:
977:
970:
963:
956:
949:
942:
935:
928:
921:
914:
907:
900:
893:
886:
856:
849:
842:
833:
827:
812:(2nd ed.).
802:
789:
775:
750:
748:
736:
707:
688:
663:
638:
625:
597:
584:
571:
565:
555:
519:
513:
507:
501:
495:
489:
483:
477:
471:
465:
459:
453:
447:
441:
435:
429:
423:
417:
411:
405:
399:
393:
387:
381:
375:
369:
363:
362:, pp. 3–14.
357:
351:
345:
339:
333:
327:
321:
315:
314:, p. xxxiv.
309:
303:
297:
281:
274:
268:
261:
255:
240:
120:Pyrrnn-Pyrrnn-Pa
2650:
2649:
2645:
2644:
2643:
2641:
2640:
2639:
2620:
2619:
2618:
2613:
2612:
2605:
2598:
2591:
2586:South Australia
2584:
2577:
2570:
2565:New South Wales
2563:
2558:
2549:
2542:
2535:
2528:
2521:
2514:
2501:
2494:
2487:
2480:
2473:
2466:
2440:
2433:
2426:
2419:
2412:
2405:
2398:
2391:
2384:
2377:
2370:
2363:
2356:
2349:
2342:
2335:
2328:
2321:
2314:
2307:
2300:
2293:
2286:
2279:
2272:
2265:
2258:
2251:
2244:
2237:
2230:
2223:
2216:
2209:
2202:
2195:
2188:
2181:
2174:
2167:
2160:
2153:
2146:
2139:
2132:
2125:
2118:
2111:
2104:
2097:
2090:
2083:
2076:
2069:
2062:
2055:
2048:
2041:
2034:
2027:
2020:
2013:
2006:
1999:
1992:
1985:
1978:
1971:
1964:
1957:
1950:
1943:
1925:
1918:
1911:
1904:
1897:
1890:
1883:
1876:
1869:
1862:
1855:
1848:
1841:
1834:
1827:
1820:
1813:
1806:
1799:
1792:
1785:
1778:
1771:
1764:
1757:
1750:
1743:
1736:
1729:
1722:
1715:
1708:
1701:
1694:
1687:
1680:
1673:
1666:
1659:
1652:
1645:
1638:
1631:
1624:
1617:
1610:
1603:
1596:
1589:
1582:
1575:
1568:
1561:
1554:
1547:
1540:
1533:
1526:
1519:
1512:
1505:
1498:
1491:
1484:
1477:
1470:
1463:
1456:
1449:
1442:
1435:
1428:
1421:
1414:
1407:
1400:
1393:
1386:
1379:
1372:
1365:
1358:
1351:
1344:
1337:
1330:
1323:
1316:
1309:
1302:
1295:
1288:
1281:
1274:
1267:
1260:
1253:
1246:
1239:
1232:
1225:
1218:
1211:
1204:
1197:
1190:
1183:
1176:
1169:
1162:
1155:
1148:
1141:
1134:
1127:
1120:
1113:
1106:
1099:
1092:
1085:
1078:
1071:
1064:
1057:
1050:
1043:
1036:
1029:
1022:
1015:
1008:
1001:
994:
987:
980:
973:
966:
959:
952:
945:
938:
931:
924:
917:
910:
903:
896:
889:
882:
869:
860:
830:
824:
805:
792:
780:Tindale, Norman
778:
772:
753:
746:
739:
710:
691:
685:
666:
660:
641:
628:
622:
610:. Vol. 1.
600:
587:
574:
563:
558:
552:
531:
527:
522:
514:
510:
502:
498:
492:Di Piertro 2022
490:
486:
478:
474:
466:
462:
454:
450:
442:
438:
430:
426:
418:
414:
406:
402:
394:
390:
382:
378:
370:
366:
358:
354:
346:
342:
334:
330:
322:
318:
310:
306:
298:
294:
290:
285:
284:
275:
271:
267:, pp. 7–8)
262:
258:
241:
237:
232:
201:
176:
157:, Ningy Ningy,
83:
74:
46:
12:
11:
5:
2648:
2646:
2638:
2637:
2632:
2622:
2621:
2615:
2614:
2611:
2610:
2603:
2596:
2589:
2582:
2575:
2568:
2561:
2555:
2554:
2551:
2550:
2548:
2547:
2540:
2533:
2526:
2519:
2511:
2509:
2503:
2502:
2500:
2499:
2492:
2485:
2478:
2471:
2464:
2463:
2462:
2431:
2424:
2417:
2410:
2403:
2396:
2389:
2382:
2375:
2368:
2361:
2354:
2347:
2340:
2333:
2326:
2319:
2312:
2305:
2298:
2291:
2284:
2277:
2270:
2263:
2256:
2249:
2242:
2235:
2228:
2221:
2214:
2207:
2200:
2193:
2186:
2179:
2172:
2165:
2158:
2151:
2144:
2137:
2130:
2123:
2116:
2109:
2102:
2095:
2088:
2081:
2074:
2067:
2060:
2053:
2046:
2039:
2032:
2025:
2018:
2011:
2004:
1997:
1990:
1983:
1976:
1969:
1962:
1955:
1948:
1941:
1940:
1939:
1916:
1909:
1902:
1895:
1888:
1881:
1874:
1867:
1860:
1853:
1846:
1839:
1832:
1825:
1818:
1811:
1804:
1797:
1790:
1783:
1776:
1769:
1762:
1755:
1748:
1741:
1734:
1727:
1720:
1713:
1706:
1699:
1692:
1685:
1678:
1671:
1664:
1657:
1650:
1643:
1636:
1629:
1622:
1615:
1608:
1601:
1594:
1587:
1580:
1573:
1566:
1559:
1552:
1545:
1538:
1531:
1524:
1517:
1510:
1503:
1500:Kugu Nganhcara
1496:
1489:
1482:
1475:
1468:
1461:
1454:
1447:
1440:
1433:
1426:
1419:
1412:
1405:
1398:
1391:
1384:
1377:
1370:
1363:
1356:
1349:
1342:
1335:
1328:
1321:
1314:
1307:
1300:
1293:
1286:
1279:
1272:
1265:
1258:
1251:
1244:
1237:
1230:
1223:
1216:
1209:
1202:
1195:
1188:
1181:
1174:
1167:
1164:Kutjala/Gudjal
1160:
1153:
1146:
1139:
1132:
1125:
1118:
1111:
1104:
1097:
1090:
1083:
1076:
1069:
1062:
1055:
1048:
1041:
1034:
1027:
1020:
1013:
1006:
999:
992:
985:
978:
971:
964:
957:
950:
943:
936:
929:
922:
915:
908:
901:
894:
887:
879:
877:
871:
870:
861:
859:
858:
851:
844:
836:
829:
828:
822:
803:
790:
776:
770:
751:
737:
708:
689:
683:
664:
658:
639:
626:
620:
598:
585:
583:(12): 716–727.
572:
556:
550:
528:
526:
523:
521:
520:
508:
496:
484:
472:
470:, p. 354.
468:Fairholme 1856
460:
448:
436:
424:
412:
400:
388:
376:
364:
352:
340:
328:
316:
304:
302:, p. 184.
291:
289:
286:
283:
282:
269:
256:
234:
233:
231:
228:
227:
226:
220:
214:
208:
200:
199:Notable people
197:
175:
172:
104:Moreton Island
82:
79:
73:
70:
45:
42:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2647:
2636:
2633:
2631:
2628:
2627:
2625:
2608:
2604:
2601:
2597:
2594:
2590:
2587:
2583:
2580:
2576:
2573:
2569:
2566:
2562:
2557:
2556:
2552:
2545:
2541:
2538:
2534:
2531:
2527:
2524:
2520:
2517:
2513:
2512:
2510:
2508:
2504:
2497:
2496:Yurlayurlanya
2493:
2490:
2486:
2483:
2479:
2476:
2472:
2469:
2465:
2460:
2456:
2452:
2448:
2447:Wanggeriburra
2444:
2439:
2438:
2436:
2432:
2429:
2425:
2422:
2418:
2415:
2411:
2408:
2404:
2401:
2397:
2394:
2390:
2387:
2383:
2380:
2376:
2373:
2369:
2366:
2362:
2359:
2355:
2352:
2348:
2345:
2341:
2338:
2334:
2331:
2327:
2324:
2320:
2317:
2313:
2310:
2306:
2303:
2299:
2296:
2292:
2289:
2285:
2282:
2278:
2275:
2271:
2268:
2264:
2261:
2257:
2254:
2250:
2247:
2243:
2240:
2236:
2233:
2229:
2226:
2222:
2219:
2215:
2212:
2208:
2205:
2201:
2198:
2194:
2191:
2187:
2184:
2180:
2177:
2173:
2170:
2166:
2163:
2159:
2156:
2152:
2149:
2145:
2142:
2138:
2135:
2131:
2128:
2124:
2121:
2117:
2114:
2110:
2107:
2103:
2100:
2096:
2093:
2089:
2086:
2082:
2079:
2075:
2072:
2068:
2065:
2061:
2058:
2054:
2051:
2047:
2044:
2040:
2037:
2033:
2030:
2026:
2023:
2019:
2016:
2012:
2009:
2005:
2002:
1998:
1995:
1991:
1988:
1984:
1981:
1977:
1974:
1970:
1967:
1963:
1960:
1956:
1953:
1949:
1946:
1942:
1937:
1933:
1929:
1924:
1923:
1921:
1917:
1914:
1910:
1907:
1903:
1900:
1896:
1893:
1889:
1886:
1882:
1879:
1875:
1872:
1868:
1865:
1861:
1858:
1854:
1851:
1847:
1844:
1840:
1837:
1833:
1830:
1826:
1823:
1819:
1816:
1812:
1809:
1805:
1802:
1798:
1795:
1791:
1788:
1784:
1781:
1777:
1774:
1770:
1767:
1763:
1760:
1756:
1753:
1749:
1746:
1742:
1739:
1735:
1732:
1728:
1725:
1721:
1718:
1714:
1711:
1707:
1704:
1700:
1697:
1693:
1690:
1686:
1683:
1679:
1676:
1672:
1669:
1665:
1662:
1658:
1655:
1651:
1648:
1644:
1641:
1637:
1634:
1630:
1627:
1623:
1620:
1616:
1613:
1609:
1606:
1602:
1599:
1595:
1592:
1588:
1585:
1581:
1578:
1574:
1571:
1567:
1564:
1560:
1557:
1553:
1550:
1546:
1543:
1539:
1536:
1532:
1529:
1525:
1522:
1518:
1515:
1514:Kuku Nyungkal
1511:
1508:
1504:
1501:
1497:
1494:
1490:
1487:
1483:
1480:
1476:
1473:
1469:
1466:
1462:
1459:
1455:
1452:
1448:
1445:
1444:Kokokulunggur
1441:
1438:
1434:
1431:
1427:
1424:
1420:
1417:
1413:
1410:
1406:
1403:
1399:
1396:
1392:
1389:
1385:
1382:
1378:
1375:
1371:
1368:
1364:
1361:
1357:
1354:
1350:
1347:
1343:
1340:
1336:
1333:
1329:
1326:
1322:
1319:
1315:
1312:
1308:
1305:
1301:
1298:
1294:
1291:
1287:
1284:
1280:
1277:
1273:
1270:
1266:
1263:
1259:
1256:
1252:
1249:
1245:
1242:
1238:
1235:
1231:
1228:
1224:
1221:
1217:
1214:
1210:
1207:
1203:
1200:
1196:
1193:
1189:
1186:
1182:
1179:
1175:
1172:
1168:
1165:
1161:
1158:
1154:
1151:
1150:Goreng goreng
1147:
1144:
1140:
1137:
1133:
1130:
1126:
1123:
1119:
1116:
1112:
1109:
1105:
1102:
1098:
1095:
1091:
1088:
1084:
1081:
1077:
1074:
1070:
1067:
1063:
1060:
1056:
1053:
1049:
1046:
1042:
1039:
1035:
1032:
1028:
1025:
1021:
1018:
1014:
1011:
1007:
1004:
1000:
997:
993:
990:
986:
983:
979:
976:
972:
969:
965:
962:
958:
955:
951:
948:
944:
941:
937:
934:
930:
927:
923:
920:
916:
913:
909:
906:
902:
899:
895:
892:
888:
885:
881:
880:
878:
876:
872:
868:
864:
857:
852:
850:
845:
843:
838:
837:
834:
825:
819:
815:
811:
810:
804:
800:
796:
791:
787:
786:
785:Nunukul (QLD)
781:
777:
773:
767:
763:
759:
758:
752:
745:
744:
738:
734:
730:
726:
722:
718:
714:
709:
705:
701:
700:
695:
690:
686:
680:
676:
672:
671:
665:
661:
655:
651:
647:
646:
640:
636:
632:
627:
623:
617:
613:
609:
608:
603:
599:
595:
591:
586:
582:
578:
573:
569:
562:
557:
553:
547:
543:
539:
535:
530:
529:
524:
518:, p. 34.
517:
512:
509:
505:
500:
497:
493:
488:
485:
482:, p. 34.
481:
476:
473:
469:
464:
461:
457:
452:
449:
445:
440:
437:
434:, p. 23.
433:
428:
425:
422:, p. 21.
421:
416:
413:
409:
404:
401:
397:
392:
389:
386:, p. 19.
385:
380:
377:
374:, p. 32.
373:
368:
365:
361:
356:
353:
350:, p. 51.
349:
344:
341:
337:
332:
329:
325:
320:
317:
313:
308:
305:
301:
296:
293:
287:
279:
273:
270:
266:
260:
257:
253:
249:
245:
239:
236:
229:
224:
221:
218:
215:
212:
211:Leeanne Enoch
209:
206:
203:
202:
198:
196:
191:
187:
185:
181:
173:
171:
169:
164:
160:
156:
151:
148:
143:
140:
136:
131:
129:
125:
121:
117:
111:
109:
105:
101:
97:
93:
89:
80:
78:
72:Social groups
71:
69:
67:
63:
59:
55:
51:
43:
41:
39:
35:
31:
27:
23:
20:, also spelt
19:
1959:Rungarungawa
1931:
1521:Kuku Yalanji
1472:Kokowalandja
1437:Kokobujundji
808:
784:
756:
742:
716:
712:
703:
697:
669:
644:
634:
606:
580:
576:
567:
537:
511:
504:Tuahine 2015
499:
487:
475:
463:
458:, p. 5.
456:Connors 2006
451:
444:Connors 2009
439:
427:
415:
403:
391:
379:
367:
355:
343:
331:
324:Tindale 1974
319:
307:
300:Tindale 1974
295:
280:, p. 5)
272:
259:
238:
193:
189:
177:
152:
144:
132:
123:
119:
115:
112:
107:
99:
95:
84:
75:
65:
61:
47:
25:
21:
17:
15:
2421:Yirrganydji
2281:Wulgurukaba
2260:Wongkadjera
2232:Wik-Mungkan
2120:Wakka Wakka
2085:Wadjabangai
2001:Tjongkandji
1920:Quandamooka
1836:Ngulungbara
1787:Ngandangara
1696:Mayi-Kutuna
1668:Mandandanji
1549:Kungkalenja
1458:Kokonyekodi
1430:Kokobididji
1178:Gugu Rarmul
1157:Gubbi Gubbi
982:Birri Gubba
865:peoples in
719:(1): 3–18.
516:Watson 2014
360:Steele 1970
336:Steele 2015
182:to capture
163:Gubbi Gubbi
88:Ningy Ningy
38:Minjerribah
2624:Categories
2579:Queensland
2489:Yungkurara
2451:Kombumerri
2428:Yir-Yoront
2414:Yirandhali
2400:Yintyingka
2365:Yetimarala
2309:Yadhaykenu
2274:Woppaburra
2267:Wongkumara
2246:Winduwinda
2239:Wiknatanja
1973:Taribelang
1952:Ringaringa
1913:Punthamara
1829:Nguburinji
1801:Ngathokudi
1675:Maranganji
1640:Maithakari
1535:Kungadutji
1255:Julaolinja
1227:Injilarija
1080:Djindubari
954:Barungguan
926:Bakanambia
875:Aboriginal
867:Queensland
713:Anthrozoös
706:: 353–354.
480:Allen 2014
432:Evans 1992
420:Evans 1992
408:Evans 1999
396:Evans 1992
384:Evans 1992
372:Evans 2007
348:Evans 1999
312:Dixon 2002
265:Evans 1992
159:Djindubari
2523:Kaurareg
2455:Mununjali
2372:Yetteneru
2358:Yalarnnga
2316:Yagalingu
2204:Wikatinda
2197:Wikapatja
2190:Wikampama
2169:Warakamai
2134:Walmbaria
2127:Walangama
2099:Wakabunga
2092:Wadjalang
2036:Umpithamu
1987:Thaayorre
1871:Nyuwathai
1850:Ngurawola
1815:Ngaygungu
1752:Muluridji
1724:Mimungkum
1612:Madjandji
1584:Lama Lama
1570:Kuungkari
1486:Kongabula
1374:Karingbal
1367:Karendala
1325:Kalkadoon
1283:Kabalbara
1262:Jupangati
1192:Gumakudin
1059:Djagaraga
1031:Bwgcolman
1024:Butchulla
1010:Bugulmara
1003:Biyaygiri
814:Routledge
733:144814874
288:Citations
278:Neil 2002
205:Karl Amon
139:Bennelong
116:Chooroong
22:Noonuccal
2635:Brisbane
2600:Victoria
2593:Tasmania
2459:Tulgigin
2443:Gugingin
2435:Yugambeh
2302:Wuthathi
2218:Wikianji
2176:Warrongo
2148:Wanamara
2141:Waluwara
2050:Unduyamo
1994:Thereila
1926:Hordes:
1899:Pitapita
1864:Nyawagyi
1843:Ngundjan
1822:Nggamadi
1780:Ngajanji
1703:Mbabaram
1661:Manbarra
1647:Malintji
1633:Maikulan
1619:Maiawali
1542:Kunggara
1528:Kulumali
1479:Kokowara
1465:Kokopera
1451:Kokomini
1423:Kokangol
1416:Koinjmal
1388:Kaurareg
1381:Karuwali
1332:Kambuwal
1318:Kalibamu
1297:Kaiadilt
1290:Kaiabara
1248:Jarowair
1136:Girramay
1066:Djakunda
1045:Darumbal
968:Bigambul
947:Baruŋgam
912:Ayapathu
905:Ayabakan
898:Atjinuri
884:Ankamuti
782:(1974).
604:(2002).
180:dolphins
168:Dundalli
90:and the
44:Language
26:Moondjan
2530:Mabuiag
2482:Yukulta
2475:Yuibera
2441:Clans:
2351:Yanggal
2323:Yambina
2295:Wulpura
2225:Wikmean
2162:Wanjuru
2106:Wakaman
2043:Undanbi
2022:Turrbal
1966:Tagalag
1945:Rakkaia
1936:Goenpul
1932:Nunukul
1906:Pontunj
1892:Pakadji
1773:Mutumui
1759:Muragan
1689:Marulta
1682:Marrago
1626:Maijabi
1507:Kukatja
1395:Kawadji
1360:Kareldi
1353:Karanja
1339:Kangulu
1276:Kaantju
1234:Injinoo
1220:Iningai
1185:Gulngai
1115:Geynyon
1087:Dyirbal
1073:Djankun
1017:Buluwai
919:Badjiri
570:: 1–13.
525:Sources
252:Undanbi
250:or the
248:Turrbal
174:Fishing
128:waddies
124:towrows
81:History
62:mundjan
58:Turrbal
50:Mundjan
28:are an
18:Nunukul
2537:Meriam
2468:Yugara
2407:Yinwum
2379:Yidiny
2344:Yangga
2288:Wulili
2211:Wikepa
2155:Wangan
2113:Wakara
2071:Waanyi
2057:Unjadi
2029:Umpila
1980:Tepiti
1878:Olkola
1738:Mitaka
1717:Mbewum
1605:Lotiga
1598:Lardil
1591:Lanima
1563:Kutjal
1346:Kanolu
1311:Kalali
1129:Giabal
1108:Garrwa
1101:Ewamin
975:Bindal
933:Barada
820:
768:
731:
681:
656:
618:
548:
244:Jagera
184:mullet
106:, and
100:targan
96:duggai
66:jandai
54:Yagera
2393:Yiman
2386:Yilba
2337:Yanga
2330:Yanda
2078:Wadja
2015:Tulua
1928:Ngugi
1885:Otati
1857:Nguri
1808:Ngaun
1794:Ngaro
1766:Murri
1745:Miyan
1710:Mbara
1556:Kunja
1493:Kooma
1409:Koamu
1304:Kairi
1143:Goeng
1094:Djiru
1038:Dalla
961:Bidia
940:Barna
891:Araba
747:(PDF)
729:S2CID
564:(PDF)
230:Notes
155:Dalla
108:mogwi
92:Ngugi
2516:Badu
2253:Wiri
2008:Totj
1654:Mamu
1577:Laia
1269:Juru
1241:Ithu
818:ISBN
766:ISBN
679:ISBN
654:ISBN
616:ISBN
546:ISBN
161:and
16:The
2544:Mua
2183:Wik
1402:Koa
1122:Gia
721:doi
186::-
102:on
2626::
2457:,
2453:,
2449:,
2445:,
1934:,
1930:,
816:.
797:.
764:.
760:.
727:.
717:15
715:.
704:24
702:.
696:.
677:.
673:.
652:.
648:.
614:.
592:.
581:20
579:.
566:.
540:.
130:.
855:e
848:t
841:v
826:.
801:.
774:.
735:.
723::
687:.
662:.
624:.
596:.
554:.
506:.
494:.
338:.
326:.
254:.
246:/
225:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.