56:
316:, or "Master of the Second Conquest". She had reportedly made him promise to devote to avenging the death of Ahmad before agreeing to marry him. Contemporary Harari records describes Nur as a very religious ruler who abstained from every act forbidden by the Sharia and likewise wanted his people to follow his example in their lives, explicitly prohibiting un-Islamic behavior among the nobility.
401:
narrates "Emir Nur exerted every effort to help his people to recover, but after every respite the Oromo would again descend like locusts and scourge the country, and Nur himself eventually died of the pestilence which spread during the famine."
289:, undertook to renew the fortunes of the Kingdom. She inspired her people to take revenge and the Adalites, believing that they Abyssinians were vulnerable, invaded the highlands in 1548. This ended in catastrophe when they were repulsed by
354:
hoping to force the
Muslims back. But Nur held on, hoping to deal the Abyssinians a decisive blow in their own country. Hamalmal was able to enter Harar without any significant resistance, capturing and executing Sultan
415:"The city of Harar sparkles with holy men; and, especially with the rightful Imam of the pious. Well deserved she is, to draw the hems of her raiment, 'cause he who has built her, is the annihilator of the infidels."
374:
Despite this victory, the following years were very difficult for Harar. The Oromos who had been migrating north invaded the Adal
Sultanate and annihilated Nur's army at the
382:, there had been "no such slaughter since the Oromo first invaded". This was followed by a mass migration which sent different groups fleeing from their ancestral homes.
335:. This venture was unsuccessful, Nur was defeated and the Abyssinians then advanced into Adalite territory. However, this defeat was not mortal and Adal soon recovered.
397:
highlands which had been abandoned by the local population. After the Oromos had settled in the surrounding countryside of Harar, the city experienced a severe famine.
235:
who himself was the son of Garaad Ali who was from a well established noble family. Mujahid married Ahmad’s sister, from which marriage Nur was born.
970:
1124:
1129:
1119:
1057:
924:
359:. In the meantime, Gelawdewos, with a larger army attacked emir nur with smaller army . Gelawdewos was defeated and killed by Nur at the
565:
1134:
735:
1005:
880:
855:
Hervé Pennec, Pedro Paez's
History of Ethiopia, 1622 (Christopher Tribe trad.) (Paris: Centre d'Etudes des Mondes Africains, 2011),
762:
531:
639:
The nowadays oral tradition attributes the
Marrehan origin to Nur which means from the famous Somali Marrehan tribe of Darod group.
517:
1032:
842:
270:
considered Nur to be "from the tribe of the
Suhawyan", which according to Solomon Gebreyes Beyene could be the name of an
995:
914:
521:
367:
to loot the palace and the capital of the deceased emperor before promptly returning to his country. The severed head of
231:
Nur ibn
Mujahid was the son of Wazir Mujahid ibn 'Ali ibn 'Abdallah ad-Duhi Suha, one of the cavalry commanders of Imam
297:
278:
232:
204:
80:
55:
1047:
293:'s vassal, Fanu'el, and Gelawdewos later arrived in the region upon where he ravaged the country for five months.
328:
220:
1109:
722:
It might be the name of a tribe of Afar or Somali, which were claimed to be under the territory of ʿAdal.
1027:
837:
398:
90:
523:
The
Ethiopian Borderlands: Essays in Regional History from Ancient Times to the End of the 18th Century
754:
The
Ethiopian Borderlands Essays in Regional History from Ancient Times to the End of the 18th Century
1114:
356:
692:"The Chronicle of King Gälawdewos (1540–1559) : A Critical Edition with Annotated Translation"
478:"The Chronicle of King Gälawdewos (1540–1559) : A Critical Edition with Annotated Translation"
457:
421:
282:
46:
820:
713:
672:
606:
499:
285:, was killed in 1543, the Muslim forces fell back in confusion to Adal. The dead leader’s widow,
1053:
1001:
920:
876:
758:
664:
527:
360:
405:
Some historians consider Nur as the last witness and protagonist of
Islamic greatness in the
703:
489:
375:
301:
286:
216:
208:
108:
236:
184:
176:
172:
406:
244:
200:
34:
1103:
717:
503:
309:
240:
364:
953:
896:
708:
691:
584:
494:
477:
870:
791:
752:
625:
378:. The invasion was accompanied by carnage on an appalling scale and according to
271:
368:
343:
290:
265:
668:
338:
In 1559, urged on by his wife, Nur once again took the offensive and invaded
371:
was brought to Harar where it was put on display for the people to witness.
913:
Akyeampong, Emmanuel Kwaku; Jr, Professor Henry Louis Gates (2012-02-02).
856:
394:
824:
808:
676:
652:
610:
796:(in Somali). Wasaaradda Waxbarashada iyo Barbaarinta. 1976. p. 72.
781:
Memoria della
Accademia Nazionale dei Lincei, Vol. 4, No. 2, Rome, 1931
339:
252:
248:
737:
Histoire de la conquête de l'Abyssinie, (XVIe siècle).: Texte arabe. I
971:"Oromo: Migration and Expansion: Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries"
390:
379:
347:
332:
212:
417:
410:
386:
351:
320:
305:
256:
196:
153:
61:
42:
809:"Amharische Geschichte eines Emirs von Harar im XVI. Jahrhundert"
653:"Amharische Geschichte eines Emirs von Harar im XVI. Jahrhundert"
192:
38:
30:
420:
documents from the time also give him the prestigious title of
296:
Nur was promoted to Emir between 1548 and 1550, and married
385:
Most of the Muslim population fled to the walled city of
1052:(in French). Nouvelles Editions Latines. p. 266.
211:, and also succeeding Imam Ahmad as the leader of the
243:. According to several oral traditions recorded by
149:
118:
104:
96:
86:
76:
68:
21:
601:Hassen, Mohammed. "Review work Futuh al habasa".
363:. Following this victory, Nur crossed over into
1049:L'Islam en Éthiopie des origines au XVIe siècle
1036:. London: Oxford University Press. p. 94.
846:. London: Oxford University Press. p. 91.
393:then occupied and settled on the lands of the
819:(Orientalia, vol. 4 ed.). GBPress: 488.
8:
779:Documenti arabi per la storia dell’Ethiopia,
570:. A. Bettesworth, and C. Hitch. p. 317.
603:International Journal of Ethiopian Studies
54:
18:
707:
493:
281:, who had led the Muslim conquest of the
875:. Frank Cass & Company. p. 92.
857:https://shs.hal.science/halshs-00688394
433:
327:) to the eastern Ethiopian lowlands of
239:states Nur's father was a chief of the
943:(Trenton: Red Sea Press, 1997), p. 283
548:Histoire de la conquete de l’Abyssinie
115:
304:. He was recognized by the people of
7:
579:
577:
552:History of the Conquest of Abyssinia
219:. He is often known as the "King of
169:ibn ‘Ali ibn ‘Abdullah al Dhuhi Suha
994:Abir, Mordechai (28 October 2013).
740:(in French). E. Leroux. p. 48.
188:
869:Trimmingham, John Spencer (1952).
567:Sequel of the Account of Abyssinia
14:
954:"The Oromo of Ethiopia 1500-1800"
897:"The Oromo of Ethiopia 1500-1800"
690:Beyene, Solomon Gebreyes (2017).
585:"The Oromo of Ethiopia 1500-1800"
476:Beyene, Solomon Gebreyes (2017).
734:Kadir, Ahmad ibn Abd al (1897).
1125:16th-century monarchs in Africa
916:Dictionary of African Biography
413:Arabic poem praising Nur says:
1130:People from the Adal Sultanate
757:. Red Sea Press. p. 244.
526:. Red Sea Press. p. 244.
350:, sent his cousin Hamalmal to
312:and the widow of Ahmad as the
1:
709:10.15460/AETHIOPICA.19.1.1006
495:10.15460/AETHIOPICA.19.1.1006
130:Master of the Second Conquest
1120:16th-century Somalian people
203:. He was known for marrying
751:Pankhurst, Richard (1997).
133:Annihilator of the Infidels
60:Tomb of Nur ibn Mujahid in
1151:
1000:. Routledge. p. 139.
298:Ahmad ibn Ibrahim al-Ghazi
279:Ahmad ibn Ibrahim al-Ghazi
233:Ahmad ibn Ibrahim al-Ghazi
81:Ahmad ibn Ibrahim al-Ghazi
1135:People from Harari Region
1090:Islam Yesterday and Today
1075:Islam Yesterday and Today
941:The Ethiopian Borderlands
627:Islam:Today and Yesterday
443:Islam Yesterday and Today
139:Commander of the Faithful
123:
114:
53:
28:
997:Ethiopia and the Red Sea
919:. OUP USA. p. 451.
624:Cerulli, Enrico (2013).
564:Lobo, Jerónimo (1735).
255:subclan of the greater
136:Prince of the Believers
1028:Trimingham, J. Spencer
838:Trimingham, J. Spencer
314:Sahib al-Fath al-Thani
247:, Nur ibn Mujahid was
180:
1046:Cuoq, Joseph (1981).
399:J. Spencer Trimingham
223:" in medieval texts.
91:Uthman the Abyssinian
807:Wendt, Kurt (1935).
651:Wendt, Kurt (1935).
357:Barakat ibn Umar Din
274:or Somali subclan.
251:and hailed from the
191:; died 1567) was an
939:Richard Pankhurst,
554:), Paris, 1897–1901
546:R.Basset (editor),
459:L'Islam en Ethiopie
283:Ethiopian Highlands
199:who ruled over the
518:Pankhurst, Richard
409:. In fact a later
319:Nur departed on a
217:Christian Ethiopia
126:Imam of the Pious
1059:978-2-7233-0111-4
1033:Islam in Ethiopia
926:978-0-19-538207-5
872:Islam in Ethiopia
843:Islam in Ethiopia
361:Battle of Fatagar
181:Nuur ibn Mujaahid
159:
158:
145:
144:
1142:
1094:
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1085:
1079:
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859:, accessed date.
853:
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835:
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798:
797:
788:
782:
777:Dr. E. Cerulli,
775:
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473:
467:
466:
464:
456:Stéphane Ancel.
453:
447:
446:
438:
422:Amir al-Mu‟minin
376:Battle of Hazalo
302:Bati del Wambara
287:Bati del Wambara
215:forces fighting
209:Bati del Wambara
190:
116:
109:Bati del Wambara
58:
47:Amir al-Mu'minin
19:
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455:
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430:
261:Royal Chronicle
237:Mohammed Hassen
229:
166:Nur ibn Mujahid
127:
64:
45:
37:
23:
22:Nur ibn Mujahid
17:
12:
11:
5:
1148:
1146:
1138:
1137:
1132:
1127:
1122:
1117:
1112:
1110:Emirs of Harar
1102:
1101:
1096:
1095:
1092:. p. 381.
1080:
1077:. p. 339.
1065:
1058:
1038:
1020:
1006:
986:
962:
945:
932:
925:
905:
888:
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861:
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783:
770:
763:
743:
726:
682:
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616:
593:
590:. p. 180.
573:
556:
539:
532:
509:
468:
448:
445:. p. 381.
432:
431:
429:
426:
407:Horn of Africa
245:Enrico Cerulli
228:
225:
201:Adal Sultanate
157:
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1007:9781136280900
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987:
976:
975:World history
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963:
959:. p. 22.
955:
949:
946:
942:
936:
933:
928:
922:
918:
917:
909:
906:
902:. p. 22.
898:
892:
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884:
882:9780714617312
878:
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764:9780932415196
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662:
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647:
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630:. p. 189
629:
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346:, who was in
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241:Harari people
238:
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226:
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222:
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210:
206:
202:
198:
194:
186:
182:
178:
175:ኑር ኢብን ሙጃሂድ,
174:
170:
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1088:E. Cerulli.
1083:
1074:
1073:E. Cerulli.
1068:
1048:
1041:
1031:
1023:
1011:. Retrieved
996:
989:
978:. Retrieved
974:
965:
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851:
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729:
721:
699:
695:
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660:
656:
646:
638:
632:. Retrieved
626:
619:
602:
596:
566:
559:
551:
547:
542:
522:
512:
485:
481:
471:
458:
451:
442:
441:E. Cerulli.
436:
414:
404:
384:
373:
365:Wej province
337:
324:
318:
313:
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276:
263:
260:
230:
189:نور بن مجاهد
168:
165:
161:
160:
29:
24:نور بن مجاهد
16:Emir of Adal
1115:1567 deaths
702:: 327–328.
488:: 327–328.
205:his uncle's
77:Predecessor
1104:Categories
1013:21 January
980:2022-02-14
813:Orientalia
696:Aethiopica
657:Orientalia
634:2023-06-11
482:Aethiopica
428:References
369:Gelawdewos
344:Gelawdewos
300:'s widow,
291:Gelawdewos
277:When Imam
266:Gelawdewos
259:clan. The
162:Nur al-Din
718:164703526
669:0030-5367
504:164703526
87:Successor
72:1550–1567
1030:. 1952.
840:. 1952.
825:43581078
793:Taariikh
677:43581078
611:27828848
520:(1997).
395:Hararghe
325:holy war
150:Religion
663:: 488.
605:: 181.
340:Fatagar
310:Somalis
253:Marehan
227:History
207:widow,
173:Harari:
1056:
1004:
923:
879:
823:
761:
716:
675:
667:
609:
530:
502:
418:Harari
411:Harari
391:Oromos
389:. The
380:Bahrey
348:Gojjam
333:Dawaro
308:, the
249:Somali
213:Muslim
185:Arabic
177:Somali
105:Spouse
957:(PDF)
900:(PDF)
821:JSTOR
714:S2CID
673:JSTOR
607:JSTOR
588:(PDF)
500:S2CID
463:(PDF)
387:Harar
352:Harar
321:jihad
306:Harar
257:Darod
197:Harar
154:Islam
119:Names
69:Reign
62:Harar
43:Harar
1054:ISBN
1015:2016
1002:ISBN
921:ISBN
877:ISBN
759:ISBN
665:ISSN
528:ISBN
331:and
329:Bale
272:Afar
221:Adel
193:Emir
100:1567
97:Died
39:Emir
35:Adal
31:Emir
704:doi
490:doi
264:of
195:of
164:or
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