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otelde bıraktığı için, bu tarihî vesikaların yanıp gitmesi olmuştur. İzmir'i niçin yakıyorduk? Kordun konakları, oteller ve gazinolar kalırsa, azınlıklardan kurtulamıyacağımızdan mı korkuyorduk? Birinci Dünya
Harbinde Ermeniler tehcir olunduğu vakit, Anadolu şehir ve kasabalarının oturulabilir ne kadar mahalle ve semtleri varsa, gene bu korku ile yakmıştık. Bu kuru kuruya tahripçilik hissinden gelme bir şey değildir. Bunda bir aşağılık duygusunun da etkisi var. Bir Avrupa parçasına benzeyen her köşe, sanki hıristiyan veya yabancı olmak, mutlak bizim olmamak kaderinde idi. Bir harb daha olsa da yenilmiş olsak, İzmir'i arsalar halinde bırakmış olmak, şehrin Türklüğünü korumaya kâfi gelecek miydi? Koyu bir mutaassıp, öfkelendirici bir demagog olarak tanımış olduğum Nureddin Paşa olmasaydı, bu facianın sonuna kadar devam etmiyeceğni sanıyorum. Nureddin Paşa, tâ Afyon'dan beri Yunanlıların yakıp kül ettiği Türk kasabalarının enkazını ve ağlayıp çırpınan halkını görerek gelen subayların ve neferlerin affetmez hınç ve intikam hislerinden de şüphesiz kuvvet almakta idi.»
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Anatolian towns and cities with this very same fear. This does not solely derive from an urge for destruction. There is also some feeling of inferiority in it. It was as if anywhere that resembled Europe was destined to remain
Christian and foreign and to be denied to us. If there were another war and we were defeated, would it be sufficient guarantee of preserving the Turkishness of the city if we had left Izmir as a devastated expanse of vacant lots? Were it not for Nureddin Pasha, whom I know to be a dyed-in-the-wool fanatic and a rabble-rouser, I do not think this tragedy would have gone to the bitter end. He has doubtless been gaining added strength from the unforgiving vengeful feelings of the soldiers and officers who have seen the debris and the weeping and agonized population of the Turkish towns which the Greeks have burned to ashes all the way from Afyon.
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1189:. Necip Ali and Ali Kemal exited through the gate and were attacked by a mob. Necip Ali, who was uninformed about operation, was also attacked and came back to Rahmi's room to complaint about their situations. Ali Kemal Bey was beaten and stoned, got knifed in his back and laid down to the ground. Mob stripped and took his new suits. They robbed the ring on his finger, gold watch, whatever he has in his pockets. Then they bound him with rope at his ankles and dragged downhill him wearing only underpants and shirts.
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1297:. He resigned membership after elected as the deputy of Bursa for the Grand National Assembly. However, on 17 January 1925, the status of deputy of Nureddin Pasha was rejected by the Grand National Assembly on the ground of his military register. Nureddin Pasha retired from the army on his own terms. And when the election was held again on 2 February, Nureddin Pasha increased his vote.
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1155:. At night Ali Kemal was put on and brought to İzmit. Staff Captain Rahmi (Apak) ordered a reserve officer Necip Ali (Küçüka) (1892–1941), who was the intern prosecutor, to examine Ali Kemal Bey. After that Ali Kemal Bey was called by Nureddin Pasha. Nureddin Pasha told Ali Kemal to transfer to the military court and Ali Kemal Bey replied that
931:) by the order numbered 2082 and dated 12 January 1921. The Ankara government accepted it on 16 June. And the Central Army deported nearly 21,000 persons and the Samsun Independent Tribunal passed 485 death sentences. The massacres committed from the Central Army were so brutal, than even MPs of the
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Bildiklerimin doğrusunu yazmaya karar verdiğim için o zamanki notlarımdan bir sayfayı buraya aktarmak istiyorum: «Yağamacılar da ateşin büyümesine yardım ettiler. En çok esef ettiğim şeylerden biri, bir fotoğrafçı dükkânını yağmaya giden subay, bütün taarruz harbleri boyunca çekmiş olduğu filmleri
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Why were we burning down İzmir? Were we afraid that if waterfront konaks, hotels and taverns stayed in place, we would never be able to get rid of the minorities? When the
Armenians were being deported in the First World War, we had burned down all the habitable districts and neighbourhoods in
517:
approached his son
Nureddin Bey, with warning to the Müşir İbrahim Pasha to keep off their patch. Nureddin Bey joined the Committee of Union and Progress (membership number was 6436). On 19 August 1909, he was demoted to major, because of the Law for the Purge of Military Ranks
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Nureddin Pasha sent civil servants to buy 3,000 used civilian suits. He ordered soldiers and officers of infantry battalions and made them pass the
British line with those suits at night company by company. First party of them was placed in a boots factory in
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The severity of the repression led to angry debates in the Grand
National Assembly. The assembly decided to send Nureddin Pasha to a commission of enquiry and to put him on trial. Nureddin Pasha was relieved on 3 November 1921 and recalled to Ankara. But
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and promoted to the rank of lieutenant colonel. In
November he became reserve under the XIV Corps. By 1913 he returned from Yemen to command the 9th Infantry Regiment in the last stage of Balkan War. In 1913 he served with the model force
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Hasanpaşa neighbourhood. He was married to
Nazmiye Hanım (surname: Türe, death 1951) and had two daughters, Semiha Hanım (1896–1950) and Memduha Hanım (1904–1970). Semiha Hanım was married to Hüseyin Pasha, Memduha Hanım was married to
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Nureddin Pasha made a scaffold on the small tunnel, where the railway passes, next to the station and hanged the dead body of Ali Kemal Bey to show İsmet Pasha who travelled through the town by train a few days later on his way to the
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1232:. Nureddin Pasha appointed Cavalry Lieutenant Colonel Nidai Bey as commander of this organization. Important places in Constantinople were occupied by these armed infantries with civilian clothes. This organization named K.T. (
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756:
Nureddin Pasha established a consultation committee consisting of delegates of parties, societies and merchant clubs in Smyrna (Izmir), and supported activities of the
Society for the Defence of Ottoman Rights in Izmir
366:) because being the only high-ranking Turkish officer during the Turkish War of Independence sporting a beard. He is known as one of the most important commanders of the war. He ordered several murders and massacres.
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committed suicide on 14 April 1915 and
Nureddin Bey was assigned to the Iraq Area Command on 20 April. He arrived in June to take command of the battered army in Iraq and he was appointed the Governor of
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463:. After going back to Constantinople, he was assigned to the 1st department (chief of operations) of the headquarters of the First Army. In October 1898, he was appointed to the
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The grant of freedom is not to be a toy in the hands of reactionaries...The things for the country's interests can not be contrary to the Constitution, was determined not to be.
526:. In April 1910, he was appointed to the vice commander of the 77th Infantry Regiment by 1910 and after became the commander of the 1st Battalion of the 83rd Infantry Regiment.
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demanded Nureddin's execution. Eventually, the National Assembly relieved him of command and prosecuted him, but Mustafa Kemal revoked the procedure. After the Greek
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Samsun on 7 June 1922, Greeks in the areas of western and southern Anatolia under Turkish nationalist control were deported by order of the Ankara government.
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478:). He was appointed Staff Group of the Command of Bulgarian Border between 1901 and 1902. Nureddin Bey fought guerrillas in Macedonia between 1902 and 1903.
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Hürriyetin nasibi, irticanın elinde oyuncak olmak değildir... Ülkenin çıkarlarına olan şeyler hiç bir zaman Anayasaya aykırı olamaz, olmaması mukayyettir.
548:
1026:. On 29 June 1922, Nureddin Pasha was appointed to the commander of the First Army replacing Ali İhsan and on 31 August, he was promoted to the rank of
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and accused him of treason. Nureddin Pasha pushed him out of the residence and invited a mob of Turks to deal with him. He was killed in a lynching.
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He was to re-enter into İzmir at the head of the First Army on 9 September 1922. According to Ütkan Kocatürk, he was assigned the Military Governor (
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1441:. But because of the public reaction to the decision, the General Staff gave up the transfer of the Nureddin Pasha's body to the State Cemetery.
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Now gather a few hundred people in front of the large gate. Let them kill Ali Kemal, let them lynch him, when he is exiting through the gate.
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Kûtülamare muhasırı, Bağdat müdafii, Yemen, Selmanpâk, Garbı Anadolu, Afyon Karahisar, Dumlupınar, İzmir muharebatı galibi ve İzmir fâtihi
761:). However, activities of the society slowed down with Nurettin Pasha's departure from İzmir. In order to weaken Turkish defense against
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1080:, the Turkish nationalist journalist who had come from Constantinople to İzmir to interview Mustafa Kemal, noted in his diary about the
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Türkiye Büyük Millet Meclisi Gizli Celse Zabitlari, Kültür Yayinlari Türkiye Is Bankasi, v. 2, pp. 240 sq., 252–287, 626–650.
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and made him honorable member of the Atatürk Research Center. Moreover, Nureddin Pasha was shown not Ferik but Orgeneral (
839:, Nureddin Pasha led a force of some 3,000 cavalrymen and irregulars including the 47th Giresun Volunteer Regiment led by
661:
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2050:"The Repression of the Koçgiri Rebellion, 1920–1921 | Sciences Po Violence de masse et Résistance - Réseau de recherche"
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On 18 February 1932, he died in his house at Kızlarağası Çeşmesi Street (present day: Müverrih Ağa Street) number 23 in
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919:. Nureddin Pasha advised the general staff of the Ankara government that in view of the danger of a Greek landing in
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2376:Şimdi sokaktan birkaç yüz kişiyi büyük kapının önüne toplat. Kapıdan çıkarken Ali Kemal'i öldürsünler, linç etsinler.
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Türkiye'de (Memlekette) Zo (Ermeniler) diyenleri temizledik, Lo (Kürtler) diyenlerin köklerini de ben temizleyeceğim.
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1135:(1887–1963) Ali Kemal was seized on 4 November 1922 by two police commissars named Mazlûm and Cem, whom historian
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took a turn for the worse. He expelled American missionaries and put some local Christians on trial for treason.
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prevented a trial and Nureddin Pasha was soon rehabilitated and became the commander of the First Army in 1922.
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During his time as a commander in İzmit, Nureddin Pasha arranged the kidnapping of former Minister of Interior
391:
269:
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On Yıllık Savaşın Günlüğü: Balkan, Birinci Dünya ve İstiklal Savaşları, Orgeneral İzzettin Çalışlar'ın Günlüğü
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Rahmi hesitated to execute this order and sent Captain "Kel" Sait to Nureddin Pasha. Rahmi said to Necip Ali:
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398:), in Pangaltı, in 1890. He completed the Military Academy as the 31st of the class in 1893 and joined the
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2129:
Kazım Öztürk (ed.), Atatürk’ün TBMM Açık ve Gizli Oturumlarındaki Konuşmaları, Ankara 1992, vol. 1, p. 84.
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1342:. According to Mustafa Kemal, in 1923 Nureddin Pasha made Âbit Süreyya to publish a booklet of biography (
1224:. After the both sides of the Bosphorus were held by a regiment, they surrounded the British garrisons in
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782:
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413:). Nureddin Pasha was one of the few to reach high rank without having attended a staff college. He knew
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of some 10,000 men on 9 December 1920. Due to his appointment as the military general governor of the
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1313:. But other deputies competed in denouncing him an enemy of the popular will. The Justice Minister
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and administrated by the First Army. K.T. was disbanded on 8 August 1923, after the signing of the
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522:) and sent to reserve under the First Army. In September 1909, he was appointed to the Governor of
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was appointed as the First Army inspector. In March 1924, he was appointed to the member of the
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was dismissed and sent to the Konya Court Martial, the command of the First Army was offered to
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to participate in the national liberation movement and he was appointed to the commander of the
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based in Constantinople. On 2 February 1919, because of the breaking out of the rebellion in
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was held in Bursa, Nureddin Pasha stood as an independent and defeated the candidate of the
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Mütareke ve Millî Mücadele Dönemlerinde Gizli Gruplar (1918–1922) ve İstihbarat (1923–1926)
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In October 1916, he was appointed to the commander of the Muğla and Antalya Area Command (
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432:) between April 1893 and October 1898. On 31 January 1895, he was promoted to the rank of
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1221:
2182:
Türk İstiklâl Harbine Katılan Tümen ve Daha Üst Kademelerdeki Komutanların Biyografileri
2002:
Der verpasste Friede: Mission, Ethnie und Staat in den Ostprovinzen der Türkei 1839–1938
1835:
Türk İstiklâl Harbine Katılan Tümen ve Daha Üst Kademelerdeki Komutanların Biyografileri
1666:
Türk İstiklâl Harbine Katılan Tümen ve Daha Üst Kademelerdeki Komutanların Biyografileri
1605:
Türk İstiklâl Harbine Katılan Tümen ve Daha Üst Kademelerdeki Komutanların Biyografileri
1070:
was appointed the Civil Governor of İzmir. Nureddin Pasha summoned the Greek archbishop
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Mullas, Sufis and Heretics: The Role of Religion in Kurdish Society: Collected Articles
1422:
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777:, nationalist general Nureddin Pasha was recalled the Governor, who had fallen foul of
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of 1908, when Müşir İbrahim Pasha attempted to establish discipline in the army, Major
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2470:"Nurettin Paşa'nın bağımsız milletvekili olma teşebbüsü ve yayınladığı hal tercümesi"
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1983:
Iskalanmış barış: Doğu Vilayetleri'nde misyonerlik, etnik kimlik ve devlet 1839–1938
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In June 1923, when the First Army was dissolved, he went on leave without command.
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Ebubekir Hazım Tepeyran, Belgelerle Kurtuluş Savaşı Anıları, Istanbul 1982, p. 81.
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Osmanlıdan Cumhuriyete Yüzyılımızda Bir İnsanımız: Hüseyin Rauf Orbay (1881–1964)
1994:
1970:
1948:
1417:
identified Nureddin Pasha as one of the Atatürk's closest 50 comrades during the
1062:) of İzmir, but according to other sources, the Commander of the I Corps Mirliva
846:
According to some sources, Nurettin Pasha said: (other sources attribute this to
30:
This article is about an Ottoman army officer. For the Ottoman grand vizier, see
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at the same time. On 30 December 1918 he was appointed to the commander of the
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923:, all male Greeks aged between 16 and 50 years should be deported to Amasya,
749:, he was reassigned to the Governor of Aidin Vilayet and Aidin Area Command (
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means Armed National Defence) while at a barber's shop in / in front of the
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In November 1925, Nureddin Pasha argued that the draft of the Hat Law (
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on 21 December 1915, changed the name of the Command as the Iraq Army (
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Go ahead Necip Ali Bey, take Ali Kemal Beyefendi to the military court
1854:"İzmir Müdafaa-i Hukuk-ı Osmaniye Cemiyeti (Aralık 1918 – Mart 1920)"
1213:
920:
810:
468:
162:
1796:
Ordered to Die: A history of the Ottoman Army in the First World War
1738:
Ordered to Die: A history of the Ottoman Army in the First World War
653:. Several attacks failed to take the town, and he settled down to a
2253:
The Atatürk I knew: an abridged translation of F. R. Atay's Çankaya
1139:(1909–2006) identified by agents of the secret organization M. M. (
785:
was appointed as the new governor on 11 March, and retired general
424:
between March and April 1893. He served in the headquarters of the
1451:
List of high-ranking commanders of the Turkish War of Independence
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means "Passage Organization") that was called Köfte (meatball) by
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by Geoffrey Lewis, p. 180, İstanbul: Yapı ve Kredi Bankası, 1981.
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Recipients of the Medal of Independence with Red Ribbon (Turkey)
1967:
Milli Mücadele: Kuvayı Milliye : İttihatçılar ve Muhalifler
1346:), in booklet Nureddin Pasha was described as the surrounder of
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Turkish military personnel of the Greco-Turkish War (1919–1922)
2746:
1783:
Ottoman Army Effectiveness in World War I: A comparative study
1725:
Ottoman Army Effectiveness in World War I: A comparative study
1628:
Ottoman Army Effectiveness in World War I: A comparative study
971:
676:, Ottoman Minister of War, replaced Nureddin Bey with Colonel
650:
733:, in November 1918, he was appointed to the commander of the
2422:
Kuruluşunun 75. Anısına Millî İstihbarat Teşkilâtı Tarihçesi
2166:
Atatürk ve Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Tarihi Kronolojisi: 1918–1938
1409:, to select Atatürk's comrades who would be transfer to the
2076:
Salvation and Catastrophe: The Greek-Turkish War, 1919–1922
649:, and then pursued his retreating opponents to the town of
3058:
Ottoman military personnel of the Greco-Turkish War (1897)
1034:
Murder of Archbishop Chrysostomos and Great Fire of Smyrna
855:
In homeland (Turkey), we cleaned up people who say "zo" (
789:
was appointed as the new military commander on 22 March.
773:, wanted to remove Nurettin Pasha from İzmir. Before the
1607:, Genelkurmay Başkanlığı Basımevi, Ankara, 1972, p. 31.
988:
680:
and Nureddin Bey was appointed to the commander of the
1220:
and dispatched to houses, mosques and madrasas around
481:
In December 1907, he was assigned to the prestigious
1103:
by the order numbered 42 and dated 11 October 1922.
3063:
Ottoman military personnel of the Italo-Turkish War
2180:T.C. Genelkurmay Harp Tarihi Başkanlığı Yayınları,
1833:T.C. Genelkurmay Harp Tarihi Başkanlığı Yayınları,
1664:T.C. Genelkurmay Harp Tarihi Başkanlığı Yayınları,
1603:T.C. Genelkurmay Harp Tarihi Başkanlığı Yayınları,
707:on 25 October 1918. He was promoted to the rank of
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138:
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68:
3108:Recipients of the Order of the Medjidie, 5th class
386:) İbrahim Pasha was a high-ranking officer in the
2543:Atatürk Kültür, Dil ve Tarih Yüksek Kurumu Kanunu
1622:
1620:
1618:
1616:
699:(he became the commander of this corps) based in
474:. In 1901, he was promoted to the rank of major (
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420:He served in the 40th Infantry Battalion of the
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2300:"Başkomutan Gazi Mustafa Kemal Paşa Hereke’de"
1252:. The Turkish military units belonging to the
859:), I'm going to clean up people who say "lo" (
580:Nureddin Bey's pursuit/encirclement operations
549:Deutsche Militärmissionen im Osmanischen Reich
3068:Ottoman military personnel of the Balkan Wars
2758:
1512:
1510:
529:In February 1911, Nureddin Bey served on the
8:
2279:Çankaya: Atatürk'ün doğumundan ölümüne kadar
2168:, Türk Tarih Kurumu Basımevi, 1983, p. 342.
2054:repression-koa-giri-rebellion-1920-1921.html
1084:that began on 13 September 1922 as follows:
3048:Committee of Union and Progress politicians
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2209:
1901:
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1437:. And these decisions were accepted by the
1391:Eşref Alpdoğan. Some researchers including
1216:. Two more battalion were sent to pass the
1201:Perfidy in the occupation of Constantinople
843:. The rebels were crushed by 17 June 1921.
2765:
2751:
2743:
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1289:. In December 1924, a by-election of the
65:
3073:Ottoman military personnel of World War I
2089:Dünden Bugüne Yunanistan'ın Pontus Hedefi
759:İzmir Müdafaa-i Hukuk-ı Osmaniye Cemiyeti
1961:
1959:
1848:
1846:
1168:
1066:was appointed the Military Governor and
1022:. But neither man wanted to serve under
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769:, especially the British Prime Minister
655:siege which ended in a British surrender
603:By April 1914 he assumed command of the
565:
115:18 February 1932 (aged 58–59)
1506:
1474:Order of Medjidie with Sword, 2nd class
630:In November 1915, Nureddin Bey stopped
3088:Commanders of the First Army of Turkey
1395:confused him with the Governor of the
555:Alman Hey'et-i Askeriyye-i Islâhiyyesi
1923:. Kripto Kitaplar. pp. 165–172.
1921:Mustafa Kemal'in Muhafızı Topal Osman
1740:, Greenwood Press, Wesport, CT 2001,
1151:and taken out of the British zone to
1131:. According to retired Staff Colonel
693:Muğla ve Antalya Havalisi Komutanlığı
684:and the provisional commander of the
382:descent. His father, Field Marshal (
327:; 1873 – 18 February 1932), known as
7:
2611:"Biz Nurettin Paşa yaktı biliyorduk"
2325:, Türk Tarih Kurumu Basımevi, 1988,
2091:, IQ Kültür Sanat Yayıncılık, 2006,
1520:, vol. 3, Üsküdar Belediyesi, 2001,
1159:. But Nureddin Pasha ordered Rahmi:
927:and Karahisar-ı Şarkî (present day:
546:'s German Military Mission (German:
325:Nurettin Paşa, Nureddin İbrahim Paşa
3118:Recipients of the Iron Cross (1914)
3113:Recipients of the Gold Liakat Medal
1860:, Sayı 21, Cilt: VII, Temmuz 1991.
887:Pontic Greek Expulsion and Massacre
737:based in İzmir and the Governor of
440:) and, on 22 July 1895, to that of
338:military officer who served in the
27:Ottoman/Turkish general (1873–1932)
3123:Recipients of the Legion of Honour
2703:9 December 1920 – 3 November 1921
703:and became the Deputy Governor of
396:Mekteb-i Füsûn-u Harbiyye-i Şâhâne
247:, Aidin Area Command (Governor of
235:, Muğla and Antalya Area Command,
61:, and there is no family name.
25:
2642:"Sakallı Nurettin Paşa torunları"
2561:Kürt-İslam Ayaklanması, 1919–1925
2304:Atatürk Araştırma Merkezi Dergisi
1858:Atatürk Araştırma Merkezi Dergisi
1568:Nureddin Paşa ve Tarihî Gerçekler
1291:Grand National Assembly of Turkey
520:Tasfiye-i Rüteb-i Askeriye Kanunu
489:. He was promoted to the rank of
3043:People from Hüdavendigâr vilayet
2680:20 April 1915 – 20 January 1916
2306:, Sayı 58, Cilt: XX, Mart 2004.
975:
797:In June 1920, he passed through
206:Turkey: July 1920 – January 1925
187:
175:
155:
143:
76:
3138:People of the Burning of Smyrna
3053:Ottoman Military Academy alumni
2588:Türkiye'de şeriatın kısa tarihi
1759:Irak'ta Türk ordusu (1914–1918)
1260:) under the command of Mirliva
695:) and ordered to establish the
515:Committee of Union and Progress
417:, French, German, and Russian.
2729:29 July 1922 – 15 August 1923
2526:Harp Akademileri Komutanlığı,
2488:Harp Akademileri Komutanlığı,
2219:, Yapı Kredi Yayınları, 1997,
1496:with Red Ribbon & Citation
635:Charles Vere Ferrers Townshend
342:during World War I and in the
231:(Governor of Basra, Baghdad),
1:
1630:, Routledge, New York, 2007,
542:) formed in conjunction with
533:staff fighting insurgents in
2528:Harp Akademilerinin 120 Yılı
2490:Harp Akademilerinin 120 Yılı
2409:Yetmişlik Subayın Hatıraları
2396:Yetmişlik Subayın Hatıraları
2380:Yetmişlik Subayın Hatıraları
2363:Yetmişlik Subayın Hatıraları
2323:Yetmişlik Subayın Hatıraları
1985:, İletişim Yayınları, 2005,
1207:Occupation of Constantinople
1099:, his army was relocated in
133:Beylerbeyi Küplüce Mezarlığı
3133:Greek genocide perpetrators
1709:İttihat ve Terakki Cemiyeti
1402:Hüseyin Abdullah Alpdoğan.
1397:Fourth Inspectorate-General
1307:Şapka İktisasına Dair Kanun
1264:and Nureddin Pasha entered
1143:, Mim Mim, abbreviation of
1007:After the commander of the
639:6th Poona Infantry Division
352:Turkish War of Independence
290:Turkish War of Independence
3159:
3103:Ottoman governors of Aidin
2904:Abdurrahman Nurettin Pasha
2056:(in French). 15 April 2019
1554:Belediyesi official site.
1415:Turkish Historical Society
1236:, Kef Te, abbreviation of
1204:
1145:Müsellâh Müdâfaa-i Milliye
1120:
1047:
965:
897:On 9 June 1921, the Greek
890:
828:
718:
596:
459:of the commander-in-chief
204:Ottoman Empire: 1893–1919
38:
32:Abdurrahman Nureddin Pasha
29:
2785:
2731:
2718:
2710:
2705:
2695:
2692:
2682:
2670:
2662:
2657:
2563:, Tekin Yayınları, 1991,
2492:, İstanbul, 1968, p. 53.
2346:, Kazancı, 1992, p. 379.
1969:, Ozan Yayıncılık, 2008,
1570:, Nehir Yayınları, 1997,
1518:Yüzyıllar Boyunca Üsküdar
1295:Republican People's Party
1244:, was established by the
1064:İzzettin Pasha (Çalışlar)
513:and other members of the
453:Greco-Turkish War of 1897
75:
2928:Sherif Mehmed Rauf Pasha
2590:, Ütay Yayınları, 1994,
2511:, Tekin Yayınevi, 1993,
1947:, Bilgi Yayınevi, 1975,
1811:, Remzi Kitabevi, 1975,
1761:, Vadi Yayınları, 2004,
1711:, Emre Yayınları, 1982,
1407:12 September coup d'état
1287:Supreme Military Council
1175:Gazi Mustafa Kemal Pasha
1157:I'm ready to go to court
962:"Sakallı" Nureddin Pasha
611:). The commander of the
392:Ottoman Military Academy
2424:, MİT Basım Evi, 2002,
2281:, Betaş, 1984, p. 325.
2078:(Lexington Books, 2020)
1107:Murder of Ali Kemal Bey
721:Greek landing at Smyrna
374:He was born in 1873 in
329:Nureddin İbrahim Konyar
70:Nureddin İbrahim Konyar
2074:Konstantinos Travlos,
1457:Medals and decorations
1335:criticized him in his
1262:Shukri Naili (Gökberk)
1195:Conference of Lausanne
1182:
1167:
1118:
1093:
1072:Chrysostomos of Smyrna
1068:Abdülhalik Bey (Renda)
1054:Chrysostomos of Smyrna
1045:
1043:Chrysostomos of Smyrna
963:
876:
817:, the position of the
783:Kurd Ahmet Izzet Pasha
779:Chrysostomos of Smyrna
763:Greek landing at İzmir
751:Aydın Bölge Komutanığı
594:
581:
505:) in 1908. Before the
363:
324:
317:Nureddin Ibrahim Pasha
3083:Turkish Army generals
3078:Ottoman Army generals
2820:Mustafa Sureyya Pasha
2198:Vilâyetler ve Valiler
2025:Martin van Bruinessen
1809:Vilâyetler ve Valiler
1687:, John Murray, 1999,
1516:Mehmet Nermi Haskan,
1494:Medal of Independence
1315:Mahmud Esad (Bozkurt)
1172:
1114:
1041:
958:
599:Mesopotamian campaign
587:
569:
507:Young Turk Revolution
201:Years of service
2031:, ISIS Press, 2000,
1945:İstiklâl Mahkemeleri
1919:Doğan, Ümit (2014).
1794:Edward J. Erickson,
1781:Edward J. Erickson,
1736:Edward J. Erickson,
1723:Edward J. Erickson,
1626:Edward J. Erickson,
1546:22 July 2011 at the
1541:"İbrahim Paşa Köşkü"
1362:, Western Anatolia,
1354:, the vanquisher of
1097:Armistice of Mudanya
1082:Great Fire of Smyrna
1050:Great Fire of Smyrna
968:Battle of Dumlupınar
725:Occupation of Smyrna
662:Colmar von der Goltz
659:Generalfeldmarschall
451:He took part in the
91:('Bearded Nureddin')
49:Abdurrahman Nureddin
2976:Hussein Nazim Pasha
2958:Hussein Nazim Pasha
2952:Mahmud Muhtar Pasha
2666:Süleyman Askerî Bey
2625:"Yaklaşıyor paşam!"
2215:İzzeddin Çalışlar,
1981:Hans-Lukas Kieser,
1419:War of Independence
1370:, the conqueror of
1268:on 6 October 1923.
1173:Nureddin Pasha and
793:War of Independence
775:Occupation of İzmir
731:Armistice of Mudros
715:After the armistice
647:Battle of Ctesiphon
643:British Indian Army
616:Süleyman Askerî Bey
195:Turkish Land Forces
2940:Mehmed Ferid Pasha
2814:Hussein Avni Pasha
2808:Mehmed Sadık Pasha
2796:Hekim Ismail Pasha
2790:Mehmed Sabri Pasha
2706:Succeeded by
2298:Mustafa Hergüner,
2277:Falih Rıfkı Atay,
1566:Necati Fahri Taş,
1400:Lieutenant General
1350:, the defender of
1250:Treaty of Lausanne
1183:
1119:
1078:Falih Rıfkı (Atay)
1046:
1016:Ali Fuat (Cebesoy)
987:. You can help by
964:
960:Lieutenant general
870:Turkish original,
771:David Lloyd George
627:at the same time.
595:
582:
491:lieutenant colonel
215:Lieutenant general
3143:Perfidy incidents
3098:Deputies of Bursa
3038:People from Bursa
3015:
3014:
2988:Hasan Tahsin Uzer
2910:Hasan Fehmi Pasha
2898:Halil Rifat Pasha
2886:Halil Rifat Pasha
2832:Ahmed Rasim Pasha
2773:Governors of the
2741:
2740:
2732:Succeeded by
2714:Ali İhsan (Sâbis)
2697:Commander of the
2693:Preceded by
2683:Succeeded by
2674:Iraq Area Command
2672:Commander of the
2658:Military offices
2648:, 21 April 2010.
2617:, 15 April 2008.
2164:Utukan Kocatürk,
2097:978-975-255-109-1
2037:978-975-428-162-0
2004:, Chronos, 2000,
1991:978-975-05-0300-9
1767:978-975-6768-51-8
1693:978-0-7195-6592-2
1636:978-0-415-77099-6
1469:Order of Osmanieh
1463:Order of Medjidie
1331:In October 1927,
1181:(17 January 1923)
1012:Ali İhsan (Sâbis)
1005:
1004:
831:Koçgiri Rebellion
825:Koçgiri Rebellion
613:Iraq Area Command
544:Liman von Sanders
407:second lieutenant
390:. He entered the
314:
313:
275:Italo-Turkish War
270:Greco-Turkish War
229:Iraq Area Command
16:(Redirected from
3150:
2970:Ahmed Reshid Rey
2844:Ahmed Esad Pasha
2767:
2760:
2753:
2744:
2711:Preceded by
2663:Preceded by
2655:
2651:
2634:
2631:, 9 April 2010.
2620:
2609:Fikret Karagöz,
2597:
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2451:, Andrew Mango,
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1484:Legion of Honour
1149:Tokatlıyan Hotel
1000:
997:
979:
972:
937:armoured cruiser
874:
863:) by their roots
625:Baghdad Province
485:headquarters in
434:first lieutenant
400:Ottoman military
364:Sakallı Nurettin
356:Bearded Nureddin
354:. He was called
193:
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89:Sakallı Nureddin
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3011:
3006:Kambur Izzeddin
2802:Veliüddin Pasha
2781:
2771:
2737:
2735:Kâzım Karabekir
2728:
2716:
2702:
2688:
2679:
2676:
2668:
2649:
2632:
2618:
2606:
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2586:Halil Nebiler,
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1705:Kâzım Karabekir
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1548:Wayback Machine
1539:
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1364:Afyon Karahisar
1329:
1309:) violated the
1303:
1283:Kâzım Karabekir
1279:
1274:
1238:Geçit Teşkilâtı
1209:
1203:
1125:
1109:
1056:
1048:Main articles:
1036:
1001:
995:
992:
985:needs expansion
970:
953:
951:Great Offensive
941:Georgios Averof
895:
889:
875:
869:
833:
827:
795:
787:Ali Nadir Pasha
727:
719:Main articles:
717:
601:
576:'s retreat and
564:
438:Mülâzım-ı Evvel
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299:Other work
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3000:Nureddin Pasha
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2378:, Rahmi Apak,
2374:Turkish text:
2367:
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2335:
2333:, pp. 262–263.
2311:
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2268:, pp. 346–347.
2264:Andrew Mango,
2257:
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2239:Andrew Mango,
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2196:Kâmil Erdeha,
2189:
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609:Dördüncü Fırka
597:Main article:
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2869:
2866:
2863:
2860:
2857:
2854:
2851:
2850:Hurshit Pasha
2848:
2845:
2842:
2839:
2836:
2833:
2830:
2827:
2824:
2821:
2818:
2815:
2812:
2809:
2806:
2803:
2800:
2797:
2794:
2791:
2788:
2787:
2784:
2780:
2776:
2775:Aidin Vilayet
2768:
2763:
2761:
2756:
2754:
2749:
2748:
2745:
2736:
2727:
2726:
2722:
2715:
2709:
2701:
2700:
2691:
2687:
2678:
2675:
2667:
2661:
2656:
2647:
2643:
2639:
2636:
2630:
2626:
2623:Engin Ardıç,
2622:
2616:
2612:
2608:
2607:
2603:
2593:
2589:
2583:
2580:
2574:
2570:
2569:975-478-088-9
2566:
2562:
2558:
2553:
2550:
2544:
2539:
2536:
2529:
2523:
2520:
2514:
2510:
2506:
2501:
2498:
2491:
2485:
2482:
2475:
2471:
2467:
2461:
2458:
2454:
2450:
2444:
2441:
2435:
2431:
2430:975-19-2712-9
2427:
2423:
2420:Erdal İlter,
2417:
2414:
2410:
2404:
2401:
2397:
2391:
2389:
2385:
2381:
2377:
2371:
2368:
2364:
2358:
2356:
2352:
2345:
2342:Cemal Kutay,
2339:
2336:
2332:
2331:975-16-0075-8
2328:
2324:
2318:
2316:
2312:
2305:
2301:
2295:
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2261:
2258:
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2249:
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2242:
2236:
2233:
2226:
2225:975-363-617-2
2222:
2218:
2212:
2210:
2206:
2203:
2199:
2193:
2190:
2183:
2177:
2174:
2167:
2161:
2158:
2154:
2148:
2145:
2141:
2135:
2132:
2126:
2123:
2117:
2114:
2108:
2105:
2102:
2098:
2094:
2090:
2087:Ahmet Güzel,
2084:
2081:
2077:
2071:
2068:
2055:
2051:
2045:
2042:
2038:
2034:
2030:
2026:
2021:
2018:
2011:
2010:3-905313-49-9
2007:
2003:
1996:
1992:
1988:
1984:
1978:
1975:
1972:
1968:
1965:Halim Demir,
1962:
1960:
1956:
1950:
1946:
1940:
1937:
1932:
1930:9786054991143
1926:
1922:
1915:
1912:
1908:
1902:
1900:
1898:
1896:
1892:
1888:
1882:
1879:
1875:
1869:
1866:
1859:
1855:
1849:
1847:
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1830:
1828:
1826:
1824:
1820:
1814:
1810:
1804:
1801:
1797:
1791:
1788:
1784:
1778:
1775:
1768:
1764:
1760:
1754:
1751:
1747:
1746:0-313-31516-7
1743:
1739:
1733:
1730:
1726:
1720:
1717:
1714:
1710:
1706:
1701:
1698:
1694:
1690:
1686:
1682:
1677:
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1667:
1661:
1659:
1657:
1655:
1653:
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1649:
1647:
1645:
1641:
1637:
1633:
1629:
1623:
1621:
1619:
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1613:
1606:
1600:
1598:
1596:
1594:
1592:
1590:
1588:
1584:
1577:
1576:975-551-150-4
1573:
1569:
1563:
1560:
1553:
1549:
1545:
1542:
1537:
1534:
1527:
1526:975-97606-3-0
1523:
1519:
1513:
1511:
1507:
1500:
1495:
1492:
1490:
1487:
1485:
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1480:
1476:
1473:
1470:
1467:
1464:
1461:
1460:
1456:
1452:
1449:
1448:
1444:
1442:
1440:
1439:General Staff
1436:
1432:
1428:
1424:
1420:
1416:
1412:
1408:
1403:
1401:
1398:
1394:
1390:
1389:Major General
1385:
1377:
1375:
1373:
1369:
1365:
1361:
1357:
1353:
1349:
1345:
1344:Tercüme-i hal
1341:
1339:
1334:
1333:Mustafa Kemal
1327:
1324:
1322:
1320:
1316:
1312:
1308:
1300:
1298:
1296:
1292:
1288:
1284:
1276:
1271:
1269:
1267:
1263:
1259:
1255:
1251:
1247:
1246:General Staff
1243:
1239:
1235:
1231:
1227:
1223:
1222:Rumeli Hisarı
1219:
1215:
1208:
1200:
1198:
1196:
1190:
1188:
1180:
1176:
1171:
1166:
1165:
1160:
1158:
1154:
1150:
1146:
1142:
1138:
1134:
1130:
1129:Ali Kemal Bey
1124:
1117:
1116:Ali Kemal Bey
1113:
1106:
1104:
1102:
1098:
1092:
1091:
1085:
1083:
1079:
1075:
1073:
1069:
1065:
1061:
1055:
1051:
1044:
1040:
1033:
1031:
1029:
1025:
1024:İsmet (İnönü)
1021:
1017:
1013:
1010:
999:
996:November 2010
990:
986:
983:This section
981:
978:
974:
973:
969:
961:
957:
950:
948:
946:
943:
942:
938:
934:
930:
926:
922:
918:
914:
913:
909:
905:
904:
900:
894:
886:
884:
882:
881:Mustafa Kemal
873:
866:
864:
862:
858:
851:
849:
844:
842:
838:
832:
824:
822:
820:
819:Pontic Greeks
816:
812:
808:
807:Merkez Ordusu
804:
800:
792:
790:
788:
784:
780:
776:
772:
768:
767:Allied Powers
764:
760:
754:
752:
748:
744:
740:
739:Aidin Vilayet
736:
732:
726:
722:
714:
712:
710:
706:
705:Aidin Vilayet
702:
698:
694:
689:
687:
683:
679:
675:
671:
667:
663:
660:
656:
652:
648:
644:
640:
636:
633:
632:Major General
628:
626:
622:
617:
614:
610:
606:
600:
593:
590:
589:Major General
586:
579:
575:
572:
571:Major General
568:
561:
559:
557:
556:
551:
550:
545:
541:
540:numune kıtası
536:
532:
527:
525:
521:
516:
512:
508:
504:
500:
496:
492:
488:
484:
479:
477:
473:
470:
466:
462:
458:
454:
449:
447:
443:
439:
435:
431:
427:
423:
418:
416:
412:
408:
405:
401:
397:
393:
389:
385:
381:
377:
369:
367:
365:
361:
357:
353:
349:
348:Western Front
345:
341:
337:
333:
330:
326:
322:
318:
309:
305:
301:
297:
291:
288:
286:
283:
281:
278:
276:
273:
271:
268:
267:
265:
261:
258:
254:
250:
249:Aidin Vilayet
246:
242:
238:
234:
230:
226:
223:
219:
216:
213:
209:
203:
199:
196:
184:
173:
167:
164:
152:
141:
137:
131:
127:
123:
119:
114:
110:
107:
103:
98:
94:
90:
87:
83:
79:
74:
67:
64:
60:
59:
54:
50:
46:
42:
37:
33:
19:
2999:
2982:Rahmi Arslan
2946:Kiazim Pasha
2880:Nashit Pasha
2862:Midhat Pasha
2719:
2699:Central Army
2696:
2671:
2650:(in Turkish)
2645:
2638:Mehmet Altan
2633:(in Turkish)
2628:
2619:(in Turkish)
2614:
2595:(in Turkish)
2587:
2582:
2576:(in Turkish)
2560:
2552:
2546:(in Turkish)
2538:
2532:(in Turkish)
2527:
2522:
2516:(in Turkish)
2509:Kürt Dosyası
2508:
2500:
2494:(in Turkish)
2489:
2484:
2477:(in Turkish)
2473:
2465:
2464:In Turkish:
2460:
2452:
2448:
2443:
2437:(in Turkish)
2421:
2416:
2408:
2407:Rahmi Apak,
2403:
2395:
2394:Rahmi Apak,
2379:
2375:
2370:
2362:
2361:Rahmi Apak,
2348:(in Turkish)
2343:
2338:
2322:
2321:Rahmi Apak,
2308:(in Turkish)
2303:
2294:
2286:
2285:In Turkish:
2283:(in Turkish)
2278:
2273:
2265:
2260:
2252:
2248:
2240:
2235:
2229:(in Turkish)
2216:
2197:
2192:
2186:(in Turkish)
2181:
2176:
2170:(in Turkish)
2165:
2160:
2152:
2147:
2139:
2134:
2125:
2116:
2107:
2088:
2083:
2075:
2070:
2058:. Retrieved
2053:
2044:
2028:
2020:
2001:
1998:(in Turkish)
1982:
1977:
1966:
1952:(in Turkish)
1944:
1939:
1920:
1914:
1906:
1886:
1881:
1873:
1868:
1862:(in Turkish)
1857:
1852:Mesut Çapa,
1839:(in Turkish)
1834:
1816:(in Turkish)
1808:
1803:
1795:
1790:
1782:
1777:
1771:(in Turkish)
1758:
1757:Orhan Avcı,
1753:
1737:
1732:
1727:, pp. 74–78.
1724:
1719:
1708:
1700:
1684:
1681:Andrew Mango
1676:
1670:(in Turkish)
1665:
1627:
1609:(in Turkish)
1604:
1580:(in Turkish)
1567:
1562:
1556:(in Turkish)
1536:
1530:(in Turkish)
1517:
1479:Liakat Medal
1435:Fevzi Çakmak
1426:
1404:
1381:
1348:Kut-Al-Amara
1343:
1338:
1330:
1325:
1318:
1311:constitution
1306:
1304:
1280:
1257:
1237:
1233:
1210:
1191:
1186:
1184:
1163:
1162:
1156:
1144:
1140:
1126:
1094:
1088:
1087:
1076:
1059:
1057:
1020:Refet (Bele)
1006:
993:
989:adding to it
984:
939:
910:
902:
896:
877:
871:
854:
853:
845:
834:
806:
803:Central Army
796:
758:
755:
750:
728:
692:
690:
669:
629:
608:
605:4th Division
602:
553:
547:
539:
528:
524:Küçükçekmece
519:
502:
494:
480:
475:
465:aide-de-camp
457:aide-de-camp
450:
445:
437:
426:Hassa Ordusu
425:
419:
410:
395:
388:Ottoman Army
383:
373:
355:
344:Turkish Army
340:Ottoman Army
328:
316:
315:
263:Battles/wars
253:Central Army
225:4th Division
183:Ottoman Army
88:
63:
56:
48:
36:
3033:1932 deaths
3028:1873 births
3008:(1919-1920)
2996:(1918–1919)
2984:(1913–1917)
2972:(1912–1913)
2966:(1911–1912)
2960:(1910–1911)
2954:(1909–1910)
2930:(1908–1909)
2924:(1907–1908)
2918:(1895–1907)
2916:Kâmil Pasha
2912:(1893–1895)
2906:(1891–1893)
2900:(1889–1891)
2894:(1886–1889)
2892:Nafiz Pasha
2888:(1885–1886)
2882:(1883–1885)
2874:Kâmil Pasha
2870:(1881–1882)
2864:(1880–1881)
2858:(1876–1880)
2856:Sabri Pasha
2852:(1875–1876)
2838:Ahmed Pasha
2834:(1874–1875)
2828:(1873–1874)
2826:Hamdi Pasha
2822:(1872–1873)
2810:(1870–1872)
2804:(1869–1870)
2798:(1868–1869)
2792:(1867–1868)
2686:Halil (Kut)
2014:(in German)
2000:(original:
1528:, p. 1365.
1471:, 3rd class
1465:, 5th class
1431:İsmet İnönü
1137:Cemal Kutay
1060:Askerî Vali
1018:, and then
848:Topal Osman
841:Topal Osman
809:) based in
674:Enver Pasha
670:Irak Ordusu
664:arrived at
552:, Turkish:
461:Edhem Pasha
370:Ottoman era
346:during the
285:World War I
280:Balkan Wars
85:Nickname(s)
3022:Categories
2725:First Army
2677:Iraq Army
2557:Uğur Mumcu
2505:Uğur Mumcu
2184:, p. 194.
1578:, p. 196.
1501:References
1489:Iron Cross
1429:man after
1405:After the
1393:Uğur Mumcu
1368:Dumlupınar
1242:Mehmetçiks
1226:Haydarpaşa
1133:Rahmi Apak
1095:After the
1009:First Army
908:battleship
899:destroyers
735:XVII Corps
729:After the
686:Third Army
511:Djemal Bey
483:Third Army
430:First Army
422:Fifth Army
245:25th Corps
241:17th Corps
237:21st Corps
139:Allegiance
51:, the
45:given name
2994:Edhem Bey
2964:Celâl Bey
2868:Ali Pasha
2721:Commander
2530:, p. 32.
2455:, p. 436.
2411:, p. 266.
2398:, p. 265.
2382:, p. 264.
2365:, p. 264.
2243:, p. 345.
2142:, p. 331.
2039:, p. 183.
1909:, p. 330.
1889:, p. 329.
1876:, p. 207.
1837:, p. 33.
1798:, p. 150.
1769:, p. 30.
1668:, p. 32.
1360:Ctesiphon
1317:declared
1254:III Corps
1218:Bosphorus
1123:Ali Kemal
857:Armenians
743:XXV Corps
711:in 1918.
697:XXI Corps
678:Halil Bey
657:. German
592:Townshend
574:Townshend
562:World War
531:XIV Corps
332:from 1934
233:9th Corps
2922:Faik Bey
1785:, p. 86.
1695:, p. 73.
1638:, p. 75.
1544:Archived
1445:See also
868:—
835:Against
799:Anatolia
682:IX Corps
495:Kaymakam
487:Salonika
404:infantry
334:, was a
257:1st Army
221:Commands
169:Service/
124:, Turkey
122:Istanbul
39:In this
2777:of the
2723:of the
2573:p. 197.
2453:Atatürk
2266:Atatürk
2241:Atatürk
2202:p. 418.
2153:Atatürk
2140:Atatürk
2101:p. 151.
1995:p. 570.
1971:p. 176.
1907:Atatürk
1887:Atatürk
1874:Atatürk
1813:p. 373.
1713:p. 180.
1685:Atatürk
1552:Üsküdar
1384:Kadıköy
1352:Baghdad
1301:Hat Law
1230:Kadıköy
1153:Kumkapı
917:İnebolu
915:bombed
903:Panthir
709:Mirliva
666:Baghdad
645:at the
578:Colonel
503:Miralay
499:Colonel
476:Binbaşı
455:as the
446:Yüzbaşı
442:captain
380:Turkish
360:Turkish
350:of the
336:Turkish
321:Turkish
118:Kadıköy
3002:(1919)
2990:(1918)
2978:(1913)
2948:(1909)
2942:(1909)
2936:(1909)
2876:(1883)
2846:(1875)
2840:(1875)
2816:(1872)
2592:p. 87.
2567:
2513:p. 35.
2428:
2329:
2223:
2095:
2060:22 May
2035:
2008:
1989:
1949:p. 34.
1927:
1765:
1744:
1691:
1634:
1574:
1524:
1427:fourth
1425:) and
1413:, the
1340:speech
1277:Deputy
1214:Beykoz
945:bombed
921:Samsun
912:Kilkis
815:Pontus
811:Amasya
765:, The
469:Sultan
415:Arabic
402:as an
192:
180:
171:branch
163:Turkey
160:
148:
129:Buried
2629:Sabah
2615:Taraf
2474:Nutuk
1477:Gold
1378:Death
1372:İzmir
1356:Yemen
1337:Nutuk
1326:Nutuk
1179:Gebze
1101:İzmit
1028:Ferik
925:Tokat
861:Kurds
701:Aidin
535:Yemen
384:Müşir
376:Bursa
308:Bursa
102:Bursa
58:Pasha
53:title
2646:Star
2565:ISBN
2426:ISBN
2327:ISBN
2221:ISBN
2093:ISBN
2062:2020
2033:ISBN
2006:ISBN
1987:ISBN
1925:ISBN
1763:ISBN
1742:ISBN
1689:ISBN
1632:ISBN
1572:ISBN
1522:ISBN
1433:and
1228:and
1052:and
933:GNAT
906:and
747:Urla
723:and
623:and
378:of
304:GNAT
211:Rank
112:Died
99:1873
96:Born
1234:ﮒ ﺕ
1177:in
991:.
850:):
753:).
651:Kut
641:of
637:'s
558:).
467:of
448:).
251:),
55:is
47:is
3024::
2644:,
2640:,
2627:,
2613:,
2571:,
2559:,
2507:,
2472:,
2468:,
2432:,
2387:^
2354:^
2314:^
2302:,
2208:^
2200:,
2099:,
2052:.
2027:,
2012:)
1993:,
1958:^
1894:^
1856:,
1845:^
1822:^
1707:,
1683:,
1643:^
1615:^
1586:^
1550:,
1509:^
1374:.
1366:,
1358:,
1321:.
1197:.
1141:ﻡﻡ
1030:.
781:.
688:.
362::
323::
255:,
243:,
239:,
227:,
120:,
104:,
2766:e
2759:t
2752:v
2479:.
2064:.
1933:.
1256:(
998:)
994:(
865:.
805:(
757:(
607:(
538:(
518:(
501:(
493:(
444:(
436:(
428:(
409:(
394:(
358:(
319:(
310:)
306:(
34:.
20:)
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