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The Niassa
Company was never able to raise sufficient revenue from its investor to provide for a viable infrastructure to the area under its control. Its initial capitalization of 300,000 pounds was only a fraction of what was required. Contemporary colonial thought held that the key to profitability
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The territories total profits amounted to only 115,000 pounds in 1926, which it was able to maintain only by ever more onerous application of hut taxes and the
British investors refused to extend more capital unless the concession was extended past 1929, which it was not. At the time the concession
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Between 1897 and 1908, three financial groups successively controlled the Niassa
Company. The first was the "Ibo Syndicate" which raised enough funds to establish an administrative center in the village of Ibo in 1897. In 1899 the "Ibo Syndicate" became the "Ibo Investment Trust", which raised a
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Although the Niassa
Company created administrative structures in the form of districts regulated by agents, the company existed for the benefit of its shareholders, and was not interested in the development of the territory to any other end. Although one of its main obligations was to create
287:, which conducted several businesses in Portuguese East Africa, but which found the concession to be more of a liability. During the war, the Niassa Company's territory was the scene of several anti-Portuguese resistance operations by the local chiefs aided by the Germans (including in the
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small army provided by the
Portuguese colonial administration, consisting of 300 Portuguese soldiers and 2800 "sepoys" (Indians recruited in other regions of Mozambique). From 1900 to 1902, the company was successfully able to occupy the inland regions of the concession, including
263:. Further military action was required from 1909 to 1912 to suppress the slave trade. However, in 1913, the South African mines stopped the import of labor from north of latitude 22 deg South. Although the Niassa Company quickly took steps to change its customers to the mines of
255:. The Niassa Company was dominated by "Nyassa Consolidated" from 1908, with strong participation of South African mining capital. By recruiting for the South African mines, the Niassa Company came into direct competition against the Moslem tribal chiefs, notably the
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of 1884–1885, Portugal lacked the capital to exert effective control or economic exploitation of the territory. To help overcome this, in 1891 the
Portuguese government authorised three private companies by royal charter to manage portions of Mozambique: the
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would be a railroad from Port Amelia to Lake Niassa, which would open the interior of the territory to investments in agriculture and mines. However, the cost of such a railroad would have been over 3 million pounds, which the company could not afford.
218:, a territory which covered more than 160,000 square km. The terms of the concession were the same as for the Mozambique Company, except for a term of only 35 years. The official charter by the Portuguese government in March 1893.
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In 1913–14, a German banking consortium bought a majority of the shares of the Niassa
Company, aiming to bring about a partition of Portuguese Mozambique between Germany and Great Britain. With the outbreak of the
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in 1921 was increased to 50 escudo in 1927 and to 85 escudo in 1929. This was party due to devaluation of the escudo, but was also due to a dwindling tax base, as thousands of
Mozambicans sought refuge in
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along the
Mozambican Coast, the Niassa Company fell short of this goal. On 27 October 1929 the Portuguese government refused to grant an extension of the concession, and the Niassa Company was abolished.
225:, his syndicate failed to raise the necessary capital for the company's operations, so from 1892 to 1893 a consortium of French and British capitals bought the concession, moving its headquarters to
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were primary revenue crops. The chibalo system enabled the Niassa
Company to establish plantations and to force peasants to work for them and prevent them from growing their own crops for sale.
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to fund its operations. Although theoretically a tax on each dwelling, in reality the tax was on each adult person, which could be paid in cash or in produce. The hut tax, which was two
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229:. Since most of the territory was Portuguese in name only and had not yet been occupied militarily, this consortium needed to obtain more funds for its operation.
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to avoid the tax. As a tax of 50 escudo was the equivalent of three months paid labor, many people fell deeply into debt or forced labor.
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Around that time, the company discovered a lucrative source of income. The first local labor supply contracts were drawn up for the
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299:. The Niassa Company only managed to suppress the Makonde by the early 1920s, and the tribe later became the backbone of the
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In the late 19th century, Portugal's dominance of Mozambique began to be challenged by the establishment of neighboring
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The Niassa Company was given a concession which covered the current provinces of Cabo Delgado and Niassa, from the
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ended, the company owed more than million pounds to its creditors as opposed to only 75,000 ads in assets.
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In 1904 the Niassa Company founded the town Porto Amélia, which is now known as
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colonies. Although the borders of Mozambique had nominally been fixed by the
162:, that had the concession of the lands that include the present provinces of
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movement in the 1960s and 1970s against continued Portuguese colonial rule.
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331:
915:
442:
Neil-Tomlinson, Barry (1977). "The Nyassa Chartered Company: 1891–1929".
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The Third Portuguese Empire, 1825-1975: A Study in Economic Imperialism
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Peoples' Spaces and State Spaces: Land and Governance in Mozambique
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251:(WENELA), as an official Mozambican recruiter for the mines in
416:
Web Page of The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
244:, and Porto Amélia became the headquarters of the company.
480:
Fage, J.D.; Roberts, A.D.; Oliver, Roland Anthony (1986).
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Postage stamps and postal history of the Nyassa Company
221:
Although founded by Bernard Daupais, a merchant from
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334:labor policy, which forced the natives to work on
412:"Lighthouse Development in Mozambique, 1908-1931"
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324:For revenue, the company partly relied on the
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271:, its South African investors lost interest.
8:
664:Company of Merchant Adventurers to New Lands
574:Documents and clippings about Niassa Company
27:
484:. Cambridge University Press. p. 507.
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420:University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
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595:
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295:, which was occupied by the heavily armed
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659:Company of Merchant Adventurers of London
482:The Cambridge History of Africa, Volume 7
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338:, and public works projects. Rubber and
1021:Imperial Company of Trieste and Antwerp
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249:Witwatersrand Native Labour Association
381:List of Portuguese chartered companies
437:
435:
345:In addition, the company relied on a
7:
1026:Imperial Privileged Oriental Company
47:A stamp issued by the Niassa Company
540:. Lexington Books. pp. 27–35.
1266:1929 disestablishments in Portugal
1172:Royal Greenland Trading Department
25:
1231:Portuguese colonisation in Africa
848:Company of One Hundred Associates
1256:History of Portuguese Mozambique
1204:
1203:
1089:Royal Company of the Philippines
837:Compagnie des Îles de l'Amérique
418:. Translated by Forand, Michel.
41:
1261:1891 establishments in Portugal
512:. Manchester University Press.
316:Economics of the Niassa Company
259:, who still exported slaves to
1236:Economic history of Mozambique
976:Pernambuco and Paraíba Company
946:Grão Pará and Maranhão Company
565:Map of company territory from
508:Clarence-Smith, W. G. (1986).
444:The Journal of African History
1:
1251:Companies established in 1891
1246:Defunct companies of Portugal
1084:Guipuzcoan Company of Caracas
936:Cacheu and Cape Verde Company
644:British American Land Company
237:on the banks of Lake Niassa.
634:African Company of Merchants
886:Brandenburg African Company
679:Eastern Archipelago Company
649:British East Africa Company
578:20th Century Press Archives
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1127:Swedish West India Company
1112:Swedish East India Company
1056:Compagnie van De Moucheron
809:Virginia Company of London
714:London and Bristol Company
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1167:Danish West India Company
1162:Danish East India Company
1079:Barcelona Trading Company
759:Royal West Indian Company
739:Providence Island Company
719:Massachusetts Bay Company
456:10.1017/S0021853700015255
40:
1190:Russian-American Company
1046:Dutch West India Company
1016:Dutch East India Company
779:South Australian Company
536:Galli, Rosemary (2003).
410:Silva Pais, Antonia da.
199:and the Niassa Company.
137:Nyassa Chartered Company
830:Compagnie de l'Occident
567:A History of Mozambique
170:between 1891 and 1929.
1157:Danish Asiatic Company
1145:Danish African Company
1117:Swedish Levant Company
1107:Swedish Africa Company
1031:New Netherland Company
999:Australische Compagnie
160:Portuguese East Africa
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1122:Swedish South Company
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744:Royal African Company
107:Portuguese Mozambique
99:Cabo Delgado Province
906:West African Company
843:Company of Habitants
774:Somers Isles Company
769:Sierra Leone Company
764:South Africa Company
734:North Borneo Company
704:Hudson's Bay Company
156:colony of Mozambique
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1036:Noordsche Compagnie
891:East Africa Company
858:Mississippi Company
754:Royal Niger Company
729:New Zealand Company
669:Company of Scotland
618:Chartered companies
145:Companhia do Niassa
57:International trade
37:
33:Companhia do Niassa
961:Mozambique Company
941:East India Company
901:New Guinea Company
868:West India Company
853:East India Company
749:Royal British Bank
674:East India Company
283:, chairman of the
193:Mozambique Company
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951:Company of Guinea
784:South Sea Company
694:Greenland Company
285:Union-Castle Line
188:Berlin Conference
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124:Portuguese Empire
111:Portuguese Empire
16:(Redirected from
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253:South Africa
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212:Indian Ocean
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164:Cabo Delgado
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94:Headquarters
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336:plantations
216:Lake Niassa
208:Lúrio River
174:The History
119:Area served
1225:Categories
916:Portuguese
519:071901719X
491:0521225051
425:2007-03-14
394:References
356:Tanganyika
330:system, a
153:Portuguese
141:Portuguese
360:Nyasaland
235:Metangula
89:Dissolved
1209:Category
986:Austrian
569:, p.366.
370:See also
210:and the
53:Industry
1182:Russian
1099:Swedish
1071:Spanish
626:British
580:of the
576:in the
347:hut tax
327:chibalo
301:FRELIMO
265:Katanga
206:to the
180:British
151:in the
149:company
76: (
71:Defunct
63:Founded
1137:Danish
878:German
821:French
544:
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488:
464:180419
462:
351:escudo
332:corvée
261:Arabia
227:London
223:Lisbon
195:, the
184:German
168:Niassa
1152:]
1006:]
931:]
460:JSTOR
388:]
340:sisal
242:Pemba
924:List
542:ISBN
514:ISBN
486:ISBN
182:and
166:and
131:The
101:and
86:Fate
78:1929
74:1929
66:1891
988:and
582:ZBW
452:doi
358:or
267:in
257:Yao
214:to
135:or
1227::
1150:da
1004:fr
929:pt
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143::
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139:(
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20:)
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