Knowledge (XXG)

Nyen language

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agriculturalists relocate to areas opened for settlement. In addition to migration and movement, modernization trends have served to limit the practicality of Nyenkha as a fully functional language. Despite the decline in numbers and a shift toward bilingualism, the majority of young people remain
1460: 1451: 248:, with 75–77% and 69% lexical similarity, respectively, however they are not mutually intelligible. Dialects within Nyenkha show variation in tone and vocabulary. Dialects are generally named for their 268:. A 2010 study showed about 8700 speakers in 10 gewogs, which had been redrawn several times since 1991. The decline in numbers may be attributed to population shifts as landless families and former 280:, often through trade. Traditionally, Nyen speakers raised sheep and other livestock for Labi speakers in exchange for cereals from lower altitudes. The communities also traditionally shared 845: 2437: 1702: 701: 748: 838: 740: 2430: 1047: 1572: 2737: 831: 1695: 2174: 1577: 1233: 2732: 2423: 1630: 165: 2073: 1278: 916: 1623: 1200: 2111: 1748: 1980: 1719: 1523: 970: 891: 234: 1020: 2046: 1934: 1898: 1711: 1688: 1604: 1207: 198: 78: 1268: 2706: 1975: 1598: 1384: 818: 73: 1351: 2454: 1644: 1637: 1417: 854: 68: 2534: 2244: 1587: 1537: 1093: 716: 194: 186: 89: 2711: 2682: 1399: 1245: 1191: 221:
passes in the Trongsa District villages of Taktse and Usar; to in Ridha and Tashiding villages, and
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spoken by about 10,000 people in the eastern, northern, and western areas of the
2124: 1658: 873: 230: 218: 206: 170: 17: 2119: 784: 193:; also called "'Nyenkha", "Henkha", "Lap", "Nga Ked", and "Mangsdekha") is an 252:, such that names for the overall language are largely confined to academia. 1673:
indicates single languages that are also considered to be separate branches.
1651: 1292: 1057: 864: 202: 150: 134: 141: 2487: 2481: 2011: 631: 314: 297: 182: 823: 1153: 210: 2415: 1066: 881: 790: 744: 41: 1062: 877: 638:, Nyenkha verbs inflect according to subject number: སྔ་ལཱེག་དོ་ 264:. In 1993, the number of speakers was around 10,000 according to 2419: 1684: 827: 281: 292:
Nyenkha basic vocabulary shows significant difference to
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Many speakers of Nyen have extensive contact with other
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The 1991 census revealed 11,472 Nyenkha speakers in six
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Speakers live primarily between the 695: 693: 691: 689: 687: 685: 683: 681: 679: 7: 650:, "He/she has gone"; བོས་ལཱ་ཆུག་ཤི་ 25: 2112:Lahuli–Spiti (Western Innovative) 1712:Bodic (Tibeto-Kanauri) languages 1046: 27:Bodish language spoken in Bhutan 2074:Ladakhi–Balti (Western Archaic) 642:, "I am going;" ནེ་ལཱ་ཆུག་དོ་ 209:to the west, from the town of 1: 700:Dorji, Jagar (Summer 2011). 646:, "We are going;" ཁི་ལས་ཤི་ 608: 589: 570: 546:. Nouns and pronouns may be 514: 494: 474: 454: 434: 410: 386: 366: 346: 322: 819:Himalayan Languages Project 741:"Language Policy in Bhutan" 2754: 2605: 2588: 1899:Central Tibetan (Ü-Tsang) 1668: 1044: 709:Journal of Bhutan Studies 300:, the national language. 235:Wangdue Phodrang District 273:fluent in the language. 2707:Bhutanese Sign Language 715:: 69–86. Archived from 2738:East Bodish languages 1573:Central Tibeto-Burman 2712:Nepali Sign Language 2221:Tshangla-East Bodish 2012:Dzongkha (Bhutanese) 737:van Driem, George L. 654:, "They have gone." 195:East Bodish language 2733:Languages of Bhutan 2593:Tshangla (Sharchop) 2447:Languages of Bhutan 2120:Lahuli (Stod Bhoti) 1631:Proto-Tibeto-Burman 664:Languages of Bhutan 636:languages of Bhutan 558: 278:languages of Bhutan 1624:Proto-Sino-Tibetan 1566:Proposed groupings 553: 548:singular or plural 544:grammatical gender 2720: 2719: 2677: 2676: 2601: 2600: 2413: 2412: 2409: 2408: 2321: 2320: 2301: 2300: 2216: 2215: 2148: 2147: 1869: 1868: 1865: 1864: 1783: 1782: 1749:Chitkuli Kinnauri 1678: 1677: 1561: 1560: 1446: 1445: 1287: 1286: 1042: 1041: 795:SIL International 628: 627: 556:personal pronouns 535: 534: 176: 175: 53:8,700 (2010) 16:(Redirected from 2745: 2469: 2460: 2440: 2433: 2426: 2417: 2332: 2225: 2070: 1904:Standard Tibetan 1889: 1880: 1792: 1734: 1727: 1705: 1698: 1691: 1682: 1520: 1381: 1215: 1050: 967: 848: 841: 834: 825: 806: 805: 803: 802: 776: 767: 766: 764: 763: 757: 751:. Archived from 733: 724: 723: 721: 706: 697: 652:boe laachhug-shi 559: 303: 262:gewogs of Bhutan 215:Trongsa District 205:to the east and 160: 144: 137: 117: 63: 30: 21: 18:Nyenkha language 2753: 2752: 2748: 2747: 2746: 2744: 2743: 2742: 2723: 2722: 2721: 2716: 2695: 2673: 2647: 2597: 2584: 2529: 2449: 2444: 2414: 2405: 2389: 2366: 2317: 2297: 2239: 2212: 2169: 2144: 2106: 2061: 2047:Chochangachakha 1995: 1944: 1913: 1892:Central Tibetan 1861: 1823: 1779: 1758: 1721: 1720:West Himalayish 1714: 1709: 1679: 1674: 1664: 1615:Proto-languages 1609: 1557: 1524:Greater Siangic 1518: 1455: 1442: 1379: 1283: 1255: 1213: 1157: 1148: 1060: 1051: 1038: 971:Greater Magaric 965: 892:West Himalayish 872: 858: 852: 815: 810: 809: 800: 798: 778: 777: 770: 761: 759: 755: 735: 734: 727: 719: 704: 699: 698: 677: 672: 660: 644:ney laachhug-do 634:and most other 621: 614: 602: 595: 583: 576: 542:Nyenkha has no 540: 290: 258: 199:Black Mountains 156: 140: 133: 118: 113: 107: 64: 61:Language family 59: 50: 49:Native speakers 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 2751: 2749: 2741: 2740: 2735: 2725: 2724: 2718: 2717: 2715: 2714: 2709: 2703: 2701: 2697: 2696: 2694: 2693: 2687: 2685: 2679: 2678: 2675: 2674: 2672: 2671: 2666: 2661: 2655: 2653: 2649: 2648: 2646: 2645: 2640: 2635: 2630: 2629: 2628: 2623: 2612: 2606: 2603: 2602: 2599: 2598: 2596: 2595: 2589: 2586: 2585: 2583: 2582: 2577: 2572: 2567: 2562: 2561: 2560: 2555: 2550: 2539: 2537: 2531: 2530: 2528: 2527: 2522: 2517: 2512: 2507: 2502: 2497: 2496: 2495: 2490: 2477: 2475: 2466: 2457: 2451: 2450: 2445: 2443: 2442: 2435: 2428: 2420: 2411: 2410: 2407: 2406: 2404: 2403: 2397: 2395: 2391: 2390: 2388: 2387: 2382: 2376: 2374: 2368: 2367: 2365: 2364: 2359: 2354: 2349: 2344: 2338: 2336: 2329: 2323: 2322: 2319: 2318: 2316: 2315: 2309: 2307: 2303: 2302: 2299: 2298: 2296: 2295: 2290: 2285: 2280: 2275: 2270: 2265: 2260: 2255: 2249: 2247: 2241: 2240: 2238: 2237: 2231: 2229: 2222: 2218: 2217: 2214: 2213: 2211: 2210: 2205: 2200: 2195: 2190: 2185: 2179: 2177: 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1656: 1654: 1653: 1649: 1647: 1646: 1645:Proto-Karenic 1642: 1640: 1639: 1638:Proto-Loloish 1635: 1633: 1632: 1628: 1626: 1625: 1621: 1620: 1618: 1616: 1612: 1606: 1603: 1601: 1600: 1599:Tibeto-Burman 1596: 1594: 1591: 1589: 1586: 1584: 1581: 1579: 1576: 1574: 1571: 1570: 1568: 1564: 1554: 1551: 1547: 1546: 1542: 1540: 1539: 1535: 1534: 1533: 1530: 1529: 1527: 1525: 1521: 1515: 1514: 1510: 1508: 1505: 1501: 1500: 1496: 1495: 1494: 1493: 1489: 1485: 1484: 1480: 1478: 1477: 1473: 1472: 1471: 1468: 1467: 1465: 1462: 1458: 1453: 1449: 1437: 1436: 1432: 1430: 1427: 1425: 1422: 1421: 1420: 1419: 1415: 1413: 1410: 1408: 1405: 1401: 1398: 1397: 1396: 1395: 1391: 1390: 1388: 1386: 1385:Burmo-Qiangic 1382: 1374: 1373: 1369: 1367: 1366: 1362: 1360: 1359: 1355: 1354: 1353: 1350: 1348: 1347: 1343: 1341: 1340: 1336: 1334: 1333: 1329: 1327: 1324: 1322: 1321: 1317: 1315: 1314: 1310: 1308: 1307: 1303: 1302: 1300: 1298: 1294: 1290: 1280: 1279:Jingpho–Luish 1277: 1275: 1272: 1270: 1267: 1266: 1264: 1262: 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56: 52: 46: 43: 40: 36: 31: 19: 2652:Unclassified 2579: 2480: 2455:Sino-Tibetan 2262: 2153:Sherpa-Jirel 1925:Amdo Tibetan 1834: 1816: 1670: 1657: 1650: 1643: 1636: 1629: 1622: 1597: 1543: 1536: 1511: 1497: 1490: 1481: 1474: 1433: 1418:Lolo-Burmese 1416: 1392: 1370: 1363: 1356: 1344: 1337: 1330: 1318: 1311: 1304: 1238: 1206: 1199: 1190: 1183: 1171: 1164: 1136: 1129: 1122: 1112: 1105: 1098: 1086: 1079: 1031: 1025: 1011: 1004: 990: 983: 958: 949: 942: 935: 923: 909: 897: 890: 855:Sino-Tibetan 799:. 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Retrieved 753:the original 717:the original 712: 708: 651: 647: 643: 639: 629: 622: 615: 603: 596: 584: 577: 541: 526: 521: 516: 506: 501: 496: 486: 481: 476: 466: 461: 456: 446: 441: 436: 426: 421: 416: 412: 402: 397: 392: 388: 378: 373: 368: 358: 353: 348: 338: 333: 329: 324: 291: 275: 259: 239: 231:Sephu Gewogs 190: 185:: འནྱེན་ཁ་; 178: 177: 149: 94: 69:Sino-Tibetan 2535:East Bodish 2245:East Bodish 2125:Spiti Bhoti 1659:Proto-Hakka 1588:Mahakiranti 1094:East Bodish 874:Uttarakhand 648:khi las-shi 640:nga laeg-do 242:Bumthangkha 219:Black River 207:Mangde Chhu 90:East Bodish 2727:Categories 2683:Indo-Aryan 2619:including 2092:Changthang 1857:Chaudangsi 1818:Zhangzhung 1722:(Kanauric) 1553:Idu–Taraon 1507:Miju–Meyor 1400:Gyalrongic 1246:Tangkhulic 1021:Raji–Raute 801:2011-01-18 785:Ethnologue 762:2011-01-18 670:References 363:yesterday 288:Vocabulary 256:Population 2525:Sikkimese 2208:Gyalsumdo 2087:Zangskari 2007:Sikkimese 1991:Zitsadegu 1737:Kinnauric 1652:Proto-Min 1583:Macro-Bai 1461:Arunachal 1454:(possible 1269:Boro–Garo 1173:Kuki-Chin 1156:and Indo- 1071:Arunachal 1058:Himalayas 1033:Tandrange 1000:Chepangic 931:Dhimalish 865:Himalayas 780:"Nyenkha" 564:Singular 383:tomorrow 284:orators. 266:van Driem 246:Kurtöpkha 203:Tang Chuu 191:'Nyen-kha 151:Glottolog 135:ISO 639-3 2621:Chamling 2558:Nupbikha 2543:Bumthang 2482:Dzongkha 2362:Chantyal 2327:Tamangic 2273:Bumthang 2235:Tshangla 2228:Tshangla 2000:Southern 1981:Dongwang 1940:mDungnag 1763:Lahaulic 1744:Kinnauri 1457:isolates 1424:Mondzish 1352:Cai–Long 1100:Tshangla 1056:Eastern 899:Tamangic 869:Himachal 863:Western 857:branches 739:(1993). 658:See also 632:Dzongkha 554:Nyenkha 319:English 315:Dzongkha 306:Nyenkha 298:Dzongkha 250:villages 217:; along 183:Dzongkha 158:nyen1254 2659:Gongduk 2615:Kiranti 2580:Nyenkha 2500:Brokkat 2488:Ngalong 2473:Tibetic 2352:Thakali 2183:Kyirong 2130:Nyamkat 2082:Ladakhi 2066:Western 2037:Brokkat 1986:Drugchu 1935:Khalong 1884:Tibetic 1852:Dhuleli 1847:Byangsi 1842:Darmiya 1795:Central 1788:Eastern 1770:Pattani 1730:Western 1671:Italics 1532:Siangic 1513:Songlin 1492:Kho-Bwa 1470:Hrusish 1452:Dubious 1435:Loloish 1429:Burmish 1394:Qiangic 1365:Longjia 1332:Karenic 1326:Nungish 1306:Sinitic 1192:Hkongso 1154:Myanmar 1124:Gongduk 1088:Tibetic 1006:Chepang 979:Magaric 925:Kiranti 905:Newaric 630:Unlike 567:Plural 538:Grammar 502:kebtang 471:barley 369:naembae 227:Dangchu 211:Trongsa 179:Nyenkha 171:Nyenkha 95:Nyenkha 33:Nyenkha 2691:Nepali 2664:Lhokpu 2643:Tamang 2633:Lepcha 2610:Gurung 2553:Kurtöp 2505:Brokpa 2464:Bodish 2385:Kutang 2357:Manang 2347:Gurung 2342:Tamang 2283:Kurtöp 2188:Kagate 2160:Sherpa 2042:Brokpa 2027:Lunana 2017:Khamba 1976:Zhongu 1930:Gserpa 1875:Bodish 1836:Rangas 1828:Almora 1807:Rongpo 1775:Tinani 1545:Milang 1499:Puroik 1483:Mijiic 1407:Ersuic 1358:Caijia 1274:Konyak 1240:Meitei 1144:Chamdo 1081:Bodish 1067:Bhutan 1013:Bhujel 960:Lepcha 951:Lhokpu 937:Dhimal 882:Sikkim 797:. 2006 791:Dallas 787:Online 745:London 531:water 511:bread 491:wheat 442:thrung 437:chhung 407:sleep 403:nyaeda 398:dodlai 393:doegyi 359:khatsa 354:dangla 343:today 310:Kurtöp 229:, and 223:Phobji 85:Bodish 42:Bhutan 2638:Newar 2626:Limbu 2575:Dzala 2570:Dakpa 2565:Chali 2548:Kheng 2520:Lakha 2401:Kaike 2394:Kaike 2380:Ghale 2372:Ghale 2313:Basum 2306:Basum 2288:Nupbi 2278:Kheng 2268:Chali 2258:Dzala 2253:Takpa 2203:Nubri 2198:Yolmo 2165:Jirel 2140:Tukpa 2102:Balti 2097:Purgi 2057:Naapa 2052:Lakha 2032:Groma 1971:Choni 1966:Baima 1961:Tseku 1909:Mugom 1812:Sunam 1802:Bunan 1754:Sunam 1476:Hruso 1372:Luren 1346:Kathu 1320:Tujia 1208:Taman 1179:Mruic 1166:Karbi 1107:Basum 1063:Tibet 985:Magar 911:Newar 878:Nepal 756:(PDF) 720:(PDF) 705:(PDF) 507:kebta 497:kapch 451:rice 447:chhum 422:zooye 417:zayee 374:yamba 334:dusum 330:dasum 282:Bonpo 187:Wylie 2700:Sign 2669:'Ole 2493:Laya 2335:TGTM 2293:ʼOle 2263:Nyen 2193:Tsum 2022:Laya 1918:Amdo 1593:Rung 1538:Koro 1412:Naic 1339:Gong 1295:and 1293:East 1251:Zeme 1220:Naga 1138:Tani 1131:ʼOle 1027:Dura 992:Kham 944:Toto 749:SOAS 620:བོས་ 601:ཡིད་ 594:གཡེ་ 527:chhu 522:khoe 517:kheh 477:zeng 431:eat 379:naba 349:dawl 339:dari 325:dasu 244:and 1459:) ( 1313:Bai 1261:Sal 1201:Pyu 1185:Mru 1114:Nam 623:boe 616:khi 613:ཁི་ 610:3p 604:yid 597:gye 591:2p 585:ney 582:ནེ་ 578:nga 575:སྔ་ 572:1p 487:kaa 482:kar 467:naa 462:nad 457:nes 413:zoo 389:doe 213:in 166:ELP 142:neh 81:(?) 2729:: 1229:Ao 1069:, 1065:, 880:, 876:, 793:: 789:. 782:. 771:^ 747:: 743:. 728:^ 713:24 711:. 707:. 678:^ 550:. 427:za 237:. 225:, 189:: 2439:e 2432:t 2425:v 1704:e 1697:t 1690:v 1463:) 1222:" 1218:" 1117:? 1073:) 1061:( 1030:– 884:) 871:, 867:( 847:e 840:t 833:v 804:. 765:. 415:/ 391:/ 332:/ 181:( 20:)

Index

Nyenkha language
Bhutan
Language family
Sino-Tibetan
Tibeto-Burman
Tibeto-Kanauri
Bodish
East Bodish
Writing system
Tibetan script
ISO 639-3
neh
Glottolog
nyen1254
ELP
Nyenkha
Dzongkha
Wylie
East Bodish language
Black Mountains
Tang Chuu
Mangde Chhu
Trongsa
Trongsa District
Black River
Phobji
Dangchu
Sephu Gewogs
Wangdue Phodrang District
Bumthangkha

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