2165:
2155:
155:
2131:
53:
2143:
1821:
45:
225:
Additionally, the controller had hardware assist features for drawing straight lines and sectors of circles. It would draw pixels along a line, a circular arc or from user defined characters in under 800 ns. This released the host computer to continue other processing while the drawing operation
204:. NEC deployed the chip in other computers, such as the NEC PC-9801, and NEC's APC II and later APC III computers, and also released it to other manufacturers in Japan, starting in 1982. The same year, the 7220 was revealed in North America by NEC Information Systems, the US arm of NEC.
222:, those with a μPD7220 had access to a, for the time, sophisticated graphics co-processor. The controller could either be used as a simple character display with user defined typefaces and simultaneously as an all-points addressable graphics display.
296:
pointed out that the Lisa primarily used raster graphics (known as bitmap graphics at the time), which could be implemented with less expensive hardware support. Instead, graphics primitives were written in software. Development manager
301:
added that although the team knew about the 7220, it was not quite available when the design began. There were also restrictions on when the display memory could be accessed: only during certain times in the
1605:
185:). An optional graphics-only display board, sporting a second μPD7220 chip (operating in graphics mode), "merged" the text and graphics video through an XOR port (on each of the
392:
Two I/O channels are used, addressing A0 and A1. Reading A0 retrieves the 7220 status. Reading A1 fetches the first byte from the internal queue. Writing to the 7220 uses both
233:
that were difficult to comprehensively support with character-based displays. The large memory space, combined with hardware viewport registers permitted smooth high-speed
958:
201:
288:
A few years after its introduction, one journalist said "The 7220 GDC chip is a component that even some of NEC's competitors have found too good to pass up." When the
699:
336:
1074:
200:
In 1981, an
English language paper written in 1980 by Tetsuji Oguchi, Misao Higuchi, Takashi Uno, Michiori Kamaya and Munekazu Suzuki was published in the
798:
518:
1687:
1455:
1010:
400:
data path. Parts were available with clocks running from 4 MHz to 5.5 MHz, which was considered relatively high-performance for the time.
1284:
1600:
988:
951:
1037:
1236:
162:
The project was started in 1979, with trial production in 1980 and mass production starting in
December 1981. It was first used in the NEC
2189:
1209:
1248:
1231:
944:
457:
2168:
1243:
1165:
2001:
905:
674:"An Interview with Wayne Rosing, Bruce Daniels, and Larry Tesler: A behind-the-scenes look at the development of Apple's Lisa"
313:
1680:
763:
Intel
Corporation, "Cover Story: A Picture of The Future: Drawing On Computers", Solutions, November/December 1983, Page 2
550:
485:
208:
143:
900:
2199:
1932:
1439:
1204:
2006:
1881:
1984:
1860:
1719:
1654:
1571:
1900:
1508:
993:
507:
2135:
1799:
1724:
1673:
1620:
1314:
967:
80:
76:
773:
2194:
1741:
270:
230:
135:
2158:
2027:
1729:
1429:
2011:
1905:
1756:
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1734:
1615:
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1387:
1319:
282:
252:
around the display at high speed and the controller kept focused on the more complex rendering tasks.
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1335:
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241:
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interface that synchronised the pixel clock to input signals without additional processor support.
1632:
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693:
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420:
139:
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chip, enabling the design of low-cost, high-performance video graphics cards such as those from
915:
825:
2084:
2037:
1789:
1625:
1424:
1299:
1187:
586:
Tetsuji Oguchi; Misao
Higuchi; Takashi Uno; Michiori Kamaya; Munekazu Suzuki (February 1981).
453:
447:
309:
212:
632:
134:
The μPD7220 was one of the first implementations of a graphics display processor as a single
2089:
2069:
2032:
1844:
1637:
1610:
1545:
1523:
1487:
1419:
602:
303:
2147:
396:; A1 for writing the command, A0 for writing the parameters to the queue. The parts had an
2094:
2074:
1593:
1518:
1253:
1197:
1064:
869:
219:
186:
120:
84:
746:
673:
292:
was announced in 1983, the press raised questions on why the popular 7220 was not used.
2104:
2053:
1952:
1947:
1434:
1160:
1069:
722:
181:
processor on a 16-bit bus, and came with a text-only display board using a μPD7220 (in
154:
124:
104:
57:
248:
to and from the controller memory at bus-limited rates. In this way, bitmaps could be
207:
By 1983, it was used in other early computers, from NEC and other companies including
2183:
1768:
1470:
1214:
1110:
1089:
665:
293:
190:
614:
52:
1794:
1477:
1052:
1030:
1025:
669:
661:
595:
1981 IEEE International Solid-State
Circuits Conference. Digest of Technical Papers
342:
298:
99:
had superior graphics compared to competing models. The chip was first used in the
921:
2099:
1647:
1465:
1340:
1140:
1079:
375:
20 Advanced
Graphics Display Controller (AGDC) which was faster and supported a
260:
229:
The high-resolution capability permitted support for glyph-based languages like
128:
116:
848:
747:"A graphics system design based on the INTEL 82720 graphics display controller"
606:
542:
477:
1535:
1503:
1460:
1350:
1115:
1047:
289:
178:
174:
112:
108:
100:
96:
910:
717:
1994:
1566:
1125:
1003:
354:
264:
234:
182:
936:
587:
335:. Announced in 1982, it was the first of what would become a long line of
1989:
1513:
998:
249:
177:
or "Advanced
Personal Computer") in 1981. The N5200 sported a 5 MHz
2079:
1972:
1967:
1962:
1910:
1868:
1852:
1784:
1407:
1274:
1219:
1135:
1120:
1084:
1015:
194:
83:, capable of drawing lines, circles, arcs, and character graphics to a
44:
1763:
1751:
1304:
1294:
1180:
1175:
1105:
1059:
1042:
1020:
376:
278:
245:
1820:
446:
F. Robert A. Hopgood; Roger J. Hubbold; David A. Duce, eds. (1986).
168:
1957:
1530:
1412:
1397:
1380:
1375:
1370:
1365:
1360:
1355:
1345:
397:
328:
189:
signals) in hardware. The only OS on the original NEC APC was the
163:
153:
92:
51:
43:
379:
interface. It was named one of the "Top 100" products of 1987 by
1977:
1402:
1392:
1170:
598:
361:
350:
274:
1669:
940:
345:(the German Democratic Republic) produced a replica designated
1937:
1696:
870:"μPD7220/GDC, μPD7220-1/μPD7220-2 Graphics Display Controller"
88:
421:"Graphics with the NEC 7220: Direct access with Turbo Pascal"
146:. It was one of the best known graphics chips of the 1980s.
633:"NEC's 7220 GDC chip allows high-resolution color graphics"
1665:
218:
While most computers used memory mapped character, or
543:"Daves Old Computers - Nippon Electric Company - APC"
849:"Graphics Display Controller simplifies programming"
2062:
2046:
2020:
1923:
1893:
1837:
1828:
1777:
1712:
1703:
1554:
1496:
1448:
1328:
1267:
1153:
1098:
981:
974:
285:platforms on otherwise limited hardware platforms.
34:
29:
21:
95:character set efficiently, which explains why the
65:High-Performance Graphics Display Controller 7220
478:"LSI Products that I was involved in the design"
751:ETD Collection for University of Texas, el Paso
432:(Translation of "Grafik mit dem 7220 von NEC",
826:"Integrierte Schaltkreise: Schaltkreis U82720"
364:(CMOS) variant was given the designation μPD72
1681:
952:
38:μPD72120 Advanced Graphics Display Controller
8:
698:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
281:systems and formed the basis of early 1980s
16:
901:uPD7220/uPD7220A User Manual, December 1985
464:Perhaps the best known one is the NEC 7220.
1834:
1819:
1709:
1688:
1674:
1666:
978:
959:
945:
937:
588:"A single-chip graphic display controller"
711:
709:
103:and in later computers, such as the NEC
414:
412:
408:
362:complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor
255:The controller could address a maximum
806:. Intel, reprinted from NEC. July 1983
691:
656:
654:
371:A follow-on project produced the μPD72
331:licensed the design and called it the
15:
508:"Abstract History of GDC Development"
7:
2142:
906:uPD7220/uPD7220A Design Manual, 1982
626:
624:
1285:Input–output memory management unit
575:(in Japanese). 丸善株式会社. p. 254.
117:graphics module for the DEC Rainbow
244:hardware made it possible to move
14:
911:Source code of driver for CP/M-86
774:"Intel Corporation Annual Report"
726:. Digital Acoustics. pp. 8–9
333:82720 graphics display controller
2164:
2163:
2154:
2153:
2141:
2130:
2129:
716:Hal W. Hardenberg (April 1983).
449:Advances in Computer Graphics II
312:variants of NEC μPD7220 use the
115:, the NECcomputer, the optional
631:David Needle (March 21, 1983).
573:マイクロコンピュータシリーズ15 8086マイクロコンピュータ
553:from the original on 2021-04-20
524:from the original on 2019-03-13
488:from the original on 2021-05-16
337:Intel graphics processing units
173:(known in North America as the
91:(NEC) in order to support the
1:
718:"An Introduction to the 7220"
209:Digital Equipment Corporation
144:Number Nine Visual Technology
87:display. It was developed by
858:. May 14, 1987. p. 106.
800:82720 GDC Application Manual
745:Tsay, Changon (1986-01-01).
259:pixel display with four-bit
1906:NEC Philips Unified Systems
1882:Sharp NEC Display Solutions
197:support was added in 1982.
2216:
1861:Japan Aviation Electronics
1720:NEC Corporation of America
916:7220 and 72020 data sheets
607:10.1109/ISSCC.1981.1156160
2190:Graphics processing units
2113:
1901:NEC Mobile Communications
1817:
452:. Springer. p. 169.
1800:Reveal Computer Products
1725:NEC Laboratories America
1315:Video display controller
968:Graphics processing unit
571:田辺皓正, ed. (1983-04-30).
81:Graphics processing unit
77:video display controller
1742:NEC Solution Innovators
436:, 1986, H11, pp. 54-65)
136:Large Scale Integration
89:Nippon Electric Company
2028:Walter Tenney Carleton
1730:NEC Software Solutions
1430:Shared graphics memory
159:
60:
49:
1757:Netcracker Technology
1747:NEC Unified Solutions
1616:Hardware acceleration
1320:Video processing unit
419:Dampf, Guido (1986).
158:μPD7220 block diagram
157:
123:Decision Mate V, the
55:
47:
1541:Performance per watt
1310:Texture mapping unit
1259:Unified shader model
922:"Article on μPD7220"
879:. NEC. April 7, 1983
601:. pp. 170–171.
242:Direct memory access
2200:NEC microprocessors
2169:Video game consoles
2012:Video game consoles
1874:Renesas Electronics
1805:Zenith Data Systems
1483:Integrated graphics
547:Daves Old Computers
324:Variants included:
240:Compatibility with
220:bit-mapped displays
18:
2002:Personal computers
1924:Products, services
1829:Joint ventures and
1633:Parallel computing
1509:Display resolution
1290:Render output unit
1280:Geometry processor
929:Nikkei Electronics
856:Electronics Design
828:. Robotron Technik
381:Electronics Design
160:
140:integrated circuit
61:
50:
2177:
2176:
2085:NEC Green Rockets
2038:Tadahiro Sekimoto
1919:
1918:
1815:
1814:
1790:Electronic Arrays
1663:
1662:
1478:External graphics
1461:Discrete graphics
1425:Memory controller
1188:Graphics pipeline
1149:
1148:
680:. pp. 90–114
672:(February 1983).
506:Oguchi, Tetsuji.
476:Oguchi, Tetsuji.
310:IBM PC compatible
273:was available on
213:Wang Laboratories
97:APC computer line
42:
41:
2207:
2167:
2166:
2157:
2156:
2145:
2144:
2133:
2132:
2118:Now wholly owned
2090:NEC Karuizawa 72
2070:NEC Blue Rockets
2033:Kunihiko Iwadare
1911:Sony NEC Optiarc
1886:
1878:
1865:
1857:
1849:
1845:Alaxala Networks
1835:
1823:
1795:Packard Bell NEC
1710:
1690:
1683:
1676:
1667:
1638:Vector processor
1621:Image processing
1611:Graphics library
1546:Transistor count
1488:System on a chip
1420:Memory bandwidth
1300:Stream processor
979:
961:
954:
947:
938:
932:
926:
889:
888:
886:
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648:
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639:. pp. 31–34
628:
619:
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533:
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497:
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467:
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443:
437:
431:
429:
427:
416:
349:, used with the
304:vertical refresh
263:. It included a
258:
172:
19:
2215:
2214:
2210:
2209:
2208:
2206:
2205:
2204:
2180:
2179:
2178:
2173:
2109:
2095:NEC Red Rockets
2080:NEC Cup (Japan)
2075:NEC Cup (China)
2058:
2042:
2016:
1933:Microprocessors
1925:
1915:
1889:
1884:
1876:
1863:
1855:
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1811:
1773:
1705:
1699:
1694:
1664:
1659:
1550:
1492:
1444:
1324:
1263:
1254:Tiled rendering
1145:
1094:
1065:InfiniteReality
970:
965:
924:
920:
897:
892:
882:
880:
872:
868:
867:
863:
851:
847:
846:
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831:
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824:
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819:
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782:
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771:
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743:
739:
729:
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715:
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707:
690:
683:
681:
660:
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652:
642:
640:
630:
629:
622:
590:
585:
584:
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569:
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556:
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541:
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445:
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418:
417:
410:
406:
390:
353:replica of the
322:
256:
166:
152:
12:
11:
5:
2213:
2211:
2203:
2202:
2197:
2195:Graphics chips
2192:
2182:
2181:
2175:
2174:
2172:
2171:
2161:
2151:
2139:
2126:
2125:
2120:
2114:
2111:
2110:
2108:
2107:
2105:Sumitomo Group
2102:
2097:
2092:
2087:
2082:
2077:
2072:
2066:
2064:
2060:
2059:
2057:
2056:
2054:NEC Supertower
2050:
2048:
2044:
2043:
2041:
2040:
2035:
2030:
2024:
2022:
2018:
2017:
2015:
2014:
2009:
2007:Supercomputers
2004:
1999:
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1997:
1992:
1982:
1981:
1980:
1975:
1970:
1965:
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1955:
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1945:
1940:
1929:
1927:
1921:
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1437:
1435:Texture memory
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1207:
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1195:
1185:
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1183:
1178:
1173:
1163:
1161:Compute kernel
1157:
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1147:
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1123:
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895:External links
893:
891:
890:
877:The data sheet
861:
840:
817:
790:
765:
756:
737:
723:DTACK Grounded
705:
650:
620:
578:
563:
534:
515:Oguchi R&D
498:
482:Oguchi R&D
468:
458:
438:
407:
405:
402:
389:
386:
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369:
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318:
151:
148:
125:Tulip System-1
40:
39:
36:
32:
31:
27:
26:
23:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
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2036:
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2029:
2026:
2025:
2023:
2019:
2013:
2010:
2008:
2005:
2003:
2000:
1996:
1993:
1991:
1988:
1987:
1986:
1985:Mobile phones
1983:
1979:
1976:
1974:
1971:
1969:
1966:
1964:
1961:
1959:
1956:
1954:
1951:
1949:
1946:
1944:
1941:
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1931:
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1928:
1926:and standards
1922:
1912:
1909:
1907:
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1883:
1880:
1875:
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1867:
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1843:
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1833:
1831:shareholdings
1827:
1822:
1806:
1803:
1801:
1798:
1797:
1796:
1793:
1791:
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666:Bruce Daniels
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1706:subsidiaries
1643:Video coding
1244:Tessellation
1154:Architecture
928:
881:. Retrieved
876:
864:
855:
843:
830:. Retrieved
820:
808:. Retrieved
799:
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781:. Retrieved
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728:. Retrieved
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682:. Retrieved
677:
670:Larry Tesler
662:Wayne Rosing
641:. Retrieved
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555:. Retrieved
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526:. Retrieved
514:
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490:. Retrieved
481:
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424:. Retrieved
391:
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372:
365:
346:
343:East Germany
332:
323:
308:
299:Wayne Rosing
287:
269:
261:colour depth
254:
239:
228:
224:
217:
206:
199:
161:
133:
72:
68:
64:
62:
22:Release date
2100:NEC Shun-Ei
1943:μCOM series
1869:NEC BIGLOBE
1785:NEC BIGLOBE
1626:Compression
1497:Performance
1449:Form factor
1341:Framebuffer
1305:Tensor unit
1295:Shader unit
1227:Ray-tracing
1166:Fabrication
1141:Intel 2700G
1075:3dfx Voodoo
1070:NEC µPD7220
838:(in German)
360:The faster
257:1024 × 1024
226:continued.
167: [
129:Epson QX-10
17:NEC μPD7220
2184:Categories
1536:Frame rate
1504:Clock rate
1466:Clustering
1268:Components
1048:Radeon Pro
637:Info World
557:2021-11-02
528:2021-11-02
492:2021-11-02
404:References
290:Apple Lisa
179:Intel 8086
127:, and the
85:bit-mapped
67:(commonly
2159:Computers
1567:Scrolling
1471:Switching
1126:VideoCore
694:cite news
394:registers
388:Internals
355:Zilog Z80
265:light pen
235:scrolling
183:text mode
101:NEC N5200
35:Successor
2136:Category
1514:Fillrate
1193:Geometry
1053:Instinct
883:July 29,
832:July 27,
783:July 27,
753:: 1–152.
730:July 31,
684:July 29,
643:July 29,
615:20765458
551:Archived
519:Archived
486:Archived
320:Variants
231:Japanese
75:) is a
73:NEC 7220
58:PC-9801F
48:μPD7220A
2148:Commons
1953:µPD7720
1948:µPD7220
1894:Defunct
1853:Anritsu
1838:Current
1778:Defunct
1713:Current
1594:Texture
1524:Texel/s
1519:Pixel/s
1456:IP core
1408:HBM-PIM
1275:Blitter
1249:T&L
1220:Shading
1136:Imageon
1131:Vivante
1121:PowerVR
1085:Glaze3D
1016:GeForce
982:Desktop
810:May 30,
426:27 July
314:ISA bus
306:cycle.
250:Blitted
246:bitmaps
175:NEC APC
150:Details
113:APC III
105:PC-9801
69:μPD7220
56:On NEC
30:History
25:1981-12
2047:Places
2021:People
1764:Avaloq
1752:Avaloq
1572:Sprite
1531:FLOP/s
1329:Memory
1198:Vertex
1181:MOSFET
1176:FinFET
1106:Adreno
1099:Mobile
1060:Matrox
1043:Radeon
1021:Quadro
1011:Nvidia
668:, and
613:
456:
377:16-bit
347:U82720
279:MS-DOS
195:CPM/86
193:, but
138:(LSI)
119:, the
109:APC II
79:and a
2063:Other
1995:N343i
1958:R4200
1885:(34%)
1877:(34%)
1864:(25%)
1848:(40%)
1648:Codec
1606:GPGPU
1413:HBM3E
1398:HBM2E
1381:GDDR7
1376:GDDR6
1371:GDDR5
1366:GDDR4
1361:GDDR3
1356:GDDR2
1346:SGRAM
1031:Tegra
1026:Tesla
989:Intel
925:(PDF)
873:(PDF)
852:(PDF)
804:(PDF)
777:(PDF)
611:S2CID
591:(PDF)
522:(PDF)
511:(PDF)
398:8-bit
329:Intel
171:]
164:N5200
93:Kanji
2123:Sold
1990:e616
1978:V850
1856:(7%)
1655:VLIW
1601:ASIC
1577:Tile
1555:Misc
1440:VRAM
1403:HBM3
1393:HBM2
1351:GDDR
1237:SIMT
1232:SIMD
1171:CMOS
1116:Mali
885:2013
834:2013
812:2024
785:2013
732:2013
700:link
686:2013
645:2013
599:IEEE
454:ISBN
428:2013
351:U880
277:and
275:CP/M
211:and
202:IEEE
111:and
63:The
1973:V60
1968:V25
1963:V20
1938:78K
1769:KMD
1697:NEC
1388:HBM
1336:DMA
1210:MAC
1038:AMD
1004:Arc
975:GPU
603:doi
368:20.
283:CAD
271:GKS
187:RGB
121:NCR
71:or
2186::
1735:UK
1589:GI
1584:3D
1562:2D
1080:S3
999:Xe
994:GT
927:.
875:.
854:.
749:.
720:.
708:^
696:}}
692:{{
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664:,
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
