NEC V60 - Knowledge (XXG)

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verification. For the area optimization, the symbolic layout and compactor subsystem supports a flexible description of orthogonal layout patterns with arbitrary dimensions in a loose placement manner. The layout patterns include path data, polygonal data, and symbolic cells. For power and delay optimization, the compactor compacts layout data, decreasing both resistance and capacitance for wires and ion-implanted layers. This feature is pioneering the new generation compactor. Emphasis should be put on the fact that it can compact layout data to a format 10-15 percent smaller than that accomplished manually. The verification subsystem can detect all kinds of errors, more than 30 items. A novel feature of the electrical rule check is that it investigates complementary logic errors for CMOS circuits. The synergy of those three design methodologies has brought about several significant advantages. One is manpower reduction by more than half, in the most complicated design process for unique random logic. The other is a 1600-transistors compaction output, smaller by 365 mils/sup 2/ than that manually compacted. The circuit implementation on a chip works at more than a 15 MHz clock rate. Another is the first silicon success. It has been accomplished in a full-custom VLSI microcomputer chip consisting of more than 100 000 transistors.

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regard to pipeline structures. The architecture of the V60 V70 and V80 was made possible by there advances. The V60 and V70 are NEC's first 32-bit microprocessors and include almost all the functions required by applied systems in a chip. The instruction set provides a high-level-language-oriented structure operating system sup-port functions and support functions for highly reliable systems. The V80 also employs the same architecture and achieves higher performance by means of cache memories and branch prediction mechanisms. The V80achieved a performance from two to four times higher than that of the V70.

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from its predecessor, the 386 microprocessor. The pipeline and clock count comparisons are described in detail. In addition, an onchip floating-point unit is included which yields a 4* clock count reduction from the 387 numeric coprocessor. The microarchitecture enhancements and optimizations used to achieve this goal, most of which are non-silicon-intensive, are discussed. All instructions of the 386 microprocessor and the 387 numeric coprocessor are implemented in a completely compatible fashion.

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division method and CORDIC trigonometrical algorithm are used for a favorable cost/performance implementation. The performance of 6.7 MFLOPS in the vector-matrix multiplication at 20 MHz has been attained by the use of parallel operations. The vector/matrix instruction is about three times faster than conventional add and multiply instructions. The chip has been fabricated in 1.2- mu m double-metal layer CMOS process containing 433000 transistors on an 11.6*14.9-mm/sup 2/ die size.

682:. It requires multiple devices of the same model, one of which then operates in "master mode", while the other devices listen to the master device, in "checker mode". If two or more devices simultaneously output different results via their "fault output" pins, a majority-voting decision can be taken by external circuits. In addition, a recovery method for the mismatched instruction—either "roll-back by retry" or "roll-forward by exception"—can be selected via an external pin. 6049: 6039: 992: 1122:. The performance of the V80 was two to four times than that of the V70, depending on application. For example, compared with V70, the V80 had a 32-bit hardware multiplier that reduced the number of cycles required to complete an integer-multiplication machine-instruction from 23 to 9. (For more detailed differences, see the hardware architecture section below.) The V80 was manufactured in a 0.8-micrometer CMOS process on a die area of 2747:

floating-point operations that conform to the IEEE-754 Floating-Point Standard. By using V20/V30 emulation mode, it can directly execute object programs of 16-bit CPU (V30). Instruction formats are suited to code-generation phase of compilers. 237 instructions are provided for high-level language and operating system. It can execute 3.5 MIPS (Million Instructions per Second) at 16-MHz operation with 16-bit data bus.

6015: 1763:, the IE-V60, on the V60, because V60/V70 chips themselves had emulator-chip capabilities. The IE-V60 was the first in-circuit emulator for V60 that was manufactured by NEC. It also had a PROM programmer function. NEC described it as a "user friendly software debug function". The chips have various trapping exceptions, such as data read (or write) to the user specified address, and 2 break-points simultaneously. 3620:

asynchronous trap functions are examined. A basic mechanism for high-reliability-system implementation, called FRM (functional redundancy monitoring), is discussed. FRM allows a system to be designed in which multiple V60s (or V70s) form a configuration in which one processor in the system acts as a master while the others act as monitors. An FRM board that uses three V60s in its redundant core is introduced.

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178/270/590 cycles. The V80 has some limited hardware assist for phases of floating-point operations—e.g. decomposition into sign, exponent, and mantissa—thus its floating-point unit was claimed to be up to three times as effective as that of the V70, with 32-bit floating-point operations taking 36/44/74 cycles and 64-bit operations taking 75/110/533 cycles (addition/multiplication/division).

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multiprocessor and high-reliability systems are discussed. Using V80 support functions, multiprocessor and high-reliability systems were realized without any performance drop. Cache memories and a branch prediction mechanism were used to improve pipeline processing. Various hardware facilities replaced the usual microprogram to ensure high performance.

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system reliability. Because high reliability is so important, the V60/V70 contains functional redundancy monitoring (FRM) support functions. The discussion covers the overall design considerations, architecture, implementation, hazard detection and control, and FRM functions. The V60/V70 uses a TRON real-time operating system specification.

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The i486 microprocessor includes a carefully tuned, five-stage pipeline with an integrated 8-kB cache. A variety of techniques previously associated only with RISC (reduced-instruction-set computer) processors are used to execute the average instruction in 1.8 clocks. This represents a 2.5* reduction

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Abstract: This paper presents a practical CAD system application for layout and verification, resulting in producible full-cutom VLSI microcomputer chips. The CAD system supports three design methodologies--symbolic layout mixed with mask level layout, compaction as an optimizer, and fully automated

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The sponsors that did not use RISC technology were NEC, AT&T, and Followers of the TRON standard. All three of these microprocessors were specialized for users for whom performance was the highest priority. The Hitachi microprocessor followed the TRON standard, a high-performance CISC technology

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A 32-bit RISC microprocessor "V810" that has 5-stage pipeline structure and a 1 Kbyte, direct-mapped instruction cache realizes 2.5 MHz operation at 0.9 V with 2.0 mW power consumption. The supply voltage can be reduced to 0.75 V. To overcome narrow noise margin, all the signals are set to have

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The Advanced Floating Point Processor (AFPP) (μPD72691) is a co-processor for floating-point arithmetic operations. The V60/V70/V80 themselves can perform floating-point arithmetic, but they are very slow because they lack hardware dedicated to such operations. In 1989, to compensate V60/V70/V80 for

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Abstract: 32-bit microprocessors are the key devices which carry high data processing capability, that was obtained by earlier general-purpose computer systems and mini-computer systems, in much lower cost. Earlier 32-bit microprocessors were limited to adopt excellent architecture and design using

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Two advanced 32-bit microprocessors, the V60 and V70 (mu PD70616 and mu PD70632, respectively), and their support functions for operating systems and high-reliability systems are described. Three operating system functions, namely, the virtual memory support functions, context-switch functions, and

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photos below.) NEC developed a Unix variant with a focus on real-time operation to run on V60/V70/V80. Called Real-time UNIX RX-UX 832, it has a double-layered kernel structure, with all task scheduling handled by the real-time kernel. A multiprocessor version of RX-UX 832 was also developed, named

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chip) which runs are 33.8MHz, almost double the speed. According to one Sega staff member, when Nakayama first received design specifications for the PlayStation, he was 'the maddest I have ever seen him', calling up the entire R&D division to his office to shout at them. An effort was made to

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The advances in semiconductor manufacturing technology make it possible to integrate a floating-point unit and a memory management unit noto one microprocessor chip. They also permit the designers of a microprocessor to implement techniques used in the design of mainframe computers especially with

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The work on V60 processor began in 1982 with about 250 engineers under the leadership of Yoichi Yano, and the processor debuted in February 1986. It had a six-stage pipeline, built-in memory-management unit, and floating-point arithmetic. It was manufactured using a two-layer aluminum CMOS process

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An overview is given of the architecture of an overall design considerations for the 11-unit, 32-b V80 microprocessor, which includes two 1-kB cache memories and a branch prediction mechanism that is a new feature for microprocessors. The V80's pipeline processing and system support functions for

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This paper describes requirements for real-time UNIX operating systems, design concept and the implementation of RX-UX 832 real-time UNIX operating system for v60/v70 microprocessor which are NEC's 32-bit microprocessors. RX-UX 832 is implemented adopting the building block structure, composed of

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All floating-point operations are largely implemented in microcode across the processor family and are thus fairly slow. On the V60/V70, the 32-bit floating-point operations take 120/116/137 cycles for addition/multiplication/division, while the corresponding 64-bit floating-point operations take

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TLB with replacement done in hardware. TLB replacement took 58 cycles in the V70 and disrupted the pipelined execution of other instructions. On the V80, a TLB replacement takes only 6 or 11 cycles depending on whether the page is in the same area; pipeline disruption no longer occurs in the V80

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A description is given of the V60/V70, the first commercially based, general-purpose 32-bit microprocessor in Japan. Its functions include on-chip floating-point operations, a high-level-language-oriented architecture, software debugging support, and support functions to promote a high level of

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The Japanese have been equally aggressive in their new designs of high-performance microprocessors. NEC's V60 and V70 microprocessors use architectures that include not only the MMU but also an arithmetic floating-point unit on chip. Hitachi and Fujitsu have collaborated to produce a family of

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An 80-bit floating-point coprocessor which implements 24 vector/matrix instructions and 22 mathematical functions is described. This processor can execute floating-point addition/rounding and pipelined multiplication concurrently, under the control of horizontal-type microinstructions. The SRT

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This report describes the architecture of V60/V70 32-bit microprocessors. The architecture integrates various features into a single silicon die, such as a rich set of general-purpose registers, high level language oriented instruction set, floating-point data handling which is suitable for

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This report will describe a single chip 32-bit CMOS VLSI microprocessor V60. It has been implemented by using a double metal-layer CMOS process technology with 1.5 um design rule to integrate 375,000 transistors. It integrates the virtual memory management unit for demand paging and the

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that, Japanese developers suggested, would be a viable alternative to RISC. The AT&T chip was portrayed as a chip suitable for building top-of-the-line, minicomputer-like computing systems. Similarly, NEC's V60 and V70 were patterned after one of NEC's 36-bit mainframe computers.

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An advanced 32-bit RISC microprocessor for embedded control; V810 is introduced in this paper. The V810 has high performance and application specified functions. V810 dissipates less power than any other RISC chips. The V810 is the first 32-bit RISC microprocessor that operates at

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packaging, and also included a low-cost variant of the V60 named μPD70615, which eliminated V20/V30 emulation and FRM function), alongside their assorted chipsets; but the V80 was not offered in this catalog. The 1999 edition of the same catalog no longer had any V60-V80 products.

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The execution unit (EXU) is a microprogrammed 32b data path processor which has thirty-two 32b general-purpose registers, sixteen 32b scratch-pad registers, a 64b barrel shifter, a 32b arithmetic logic unit (ALU); and a couple of control registers. Three data-buses that are

1134:, a 5% performance gain being attributed to it. The launch prices of the V80 were cited as equivalent to $ 1200 for the 33 MHz model and $ 960 for the 25 MHz model. Supposedly, a 45 MHz model was scheduled for 1990, but it did not materialize. 820:

architectures used V60 as their main CPU. (The latter used the lower-cost μPD70615 variant, which doesn't implement V20/V30 emulation and FRM.) The V60 was also used as the main CPU in the SSV arcade architecture—so named because it was developed jointly by

1039:, this V70 variant is designated "32bit MPU (H32/V70)", whose development, probably including the testing (QT) phase, was "from the middle of 1980s to early 1990s". This variant was used until its replacement, in 2013, by the HR5000 64-bit, 25 MHz 2650:

three modules, real-time kernel, file-server and Unix supervisor. To guarantee a real-time responsibility, several enhancements were introduced such as, fixed priority task scheduling scheme, contiguous block file system and fault tolerant functions.

3289: 545:. Such trends called for a processor with both improved performance, achieved by doubling the bus width to 32 bits, and with greater flexibility facilitated by having a large number of general-purpose registers. These were common features of 1357:

MUSTARD (Multiprocessor Unix for Embedded Real-Time Systems). The MUSTARD-powered computer prototype uses eight V70 processors. It utilizes FRM function, and can configure and change the configuration of master and checker upon request.

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is used in several variants. The V70 (μPD70632), released in 1987, provides 32-bit external buses. Launched in 1989, the V80 (μPD70832) is the culmination of the series: having on-chip caches, a branch predictor, and less reliance on

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compliant. The 20 MHz version attained a peak performance of 6.6 MIPS and was priced, at launch in August 1987, at ¥100,000 ($ 719.42). The initial production capacity was 20,000 units per month. A later report describes it as

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compensate by adding another CPU for dual operation; however, this solution made the system so hard to develop for that, according to Yu Suzuki himself, "only 1 out of 100 programmers could use the Saturn to its full potential.""

2322: family has been enjoying great success. As of 2018, it is called the Renesas V850 family and the RH850 family, with V850/V850E1/V850E2 and V850E2/V850E3 CPU cores, respectively. Those CPU cores have extended the 4353:

NEC MAY HAVE THE EDGE WITH ITS 930,000 TRANSISTOR V80 ANSWER TO INTEL'S 80486 - Computer Business Review, 1989-04-06 Balcklist:www.cbronline.com/news/nec_may_have_the_edge_with_its_930000_transistor_v80_answer_to_intels_80486

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Thus, RX-UX 832 allows system designers to use standard Unix as its man-machine interface to build fault tolerant systems with sophisticated operability and provides high-quality software applications on the high performance

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bus, while that of V80 had a 32-bit width. This difference can be seen on their die photos. The design was fatal from the performance point of view, but NEC did not change it. NEC might have been able to redesign the

2163:, but they ended up having many different features. The internal execution for each instruction of the V80 needed at least two cycles, while that of i486 required one. The internal pipeline of the V80 seemed 3427:

This paper describes the requirements for 32-bit microprocessor real-time operating systems, design objectives and the implementation of the V60/V70 Real-Time Operating System (RTOS) and its programming

1130:, and operated at 25 and 33 MHz with claimed peak performances of 12.5 and 16.5 MIPS, respectively. The V80 had separate 1 KB on-die caches for both instructions and data. It had a 64-entry 4448:

microprocessors adapted to the TRON operating system. These processors incorporate instruction pipelines as well as instruction and stack caches. However, unlike NEC, their FPU function is off chip.

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The V60 operates as a 32-bit processor internally, while externally providing 16-bit data, and 24-bit address, buses. In addition, the V60 has 32 32-bit general-purpose registers. Its basic

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The V70 (μPD70632) improved on the V60 by increasing the external buses to 32 bits, equal to the internal buses. It was also manufactured in 1.5 μm with a two-metal layer process. Its

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rail-to-rail swing by pseudo-static circuit technique. The chip is fabricated by a 0.8 μm double metal-layer CMOS process technology to integrate 240,000 transistors on a 7.4 mm7.1 mm die.

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Nakayama, T.; Harigai, H.; Kojima, S.; Kaneko, H.; Igarashi, H.; Toba, T.; Yamagami, Y.; Yano, Y. (Oct 1989). "A 6.7-MFLOPS floating-point coprocessor with vector/matrix instructions".

1506:–certified "platform system" was named MV-4000, certified as "MV4000". This certification was done with a target system, that utilized the real-time UNIX RX-UX 832 OS running on a 4617: 969:

die. The V70 had a two-cycle non-pipeline (T1-T2) external bus system, whereas that of the V60 operated at 3 or 4 cycles (T1-T3/T4). Of course, the internal units were pipelined.

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scientific applications, and the FRM (Functionality Redundancy Monitoring) operation mode which supports highly-reliable systems configuration. These features will be introduced.

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are stored in off-chip RAM. The V80 merged the ATE and ATBR registers—which are both on-chip, with only the PTE entries stored in external RAM—allowing for faster execution of

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If the changes are truly Cygnus-specific, they should not be in Egcs. Otherwise, they should be merged into the config.sub master copy (whose maintainer, by the way, in Ben!).

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format. An interface for the V60 (10339G) was also in the catalog, but the long probing-pod cable required "special grade qualified" devices, i.e. the high-speed grade V70.

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At this time, the enormous software assets of the V60/V70, such as real-time Unix, were abandoned and never returned to their successors, a scenario Intel avoided.

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Kurosawa, A.; Yamada, K.; Kishimoto, A.; Mori, K.; Nishiguchi, N. (May 1987). "A Practical CAD System Application for Full Custom VLSI Microcomputer Chips".

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NEC LAUNCHES V80 ANSWER TO INTEL's 80486 - Computer Business Review, 1989-03-15 Balcklist:www.cbronline.com/news/nec_launches_v80_answer_to_intels_80486

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that includes non-uniform-length instructions, memory-to-memory operations that include string manipulation, and complex operand-addressing schemes.

5010: 1233:. The V60 and V70 have 119 machine instructions, with that number being extended slightly to 123 instructions for the V80. The instructions are of 4732:

I would like to submit the following patch. It renames all occurrences of CYGNUS LOCAL to EGCS LOCAL, which seems slightly more accurate! :-)

4609: 4317: 1309:–tolerance scheme with bus freeze, instruction retry, and chip replacement signals. The V80 added parity signals to its data and address buses. 5257: 1373:-based real-time operating system, named RX616, was implemented by NEC for the V60/V70. The 32-bit RX616 was a continuous fork from the 16-bit 1167: 1163: 4538: 3914: 3755: 3065: 1237:, between one and 22 bytes, and take two operands, both of which can be addresses in main memory. After studying the V60's reference manual, 526:

Based on a relatively traditional design for the period, the V60 was a radical departure from NEC's previous, 16-bit V–series processor, the

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So far we haven't mentioned two 32-bit CISC chips, the NEC V60/70 and the AT&T WE32 family. Unlike the NEC V20/25/30/50, the V60/70 is

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The V810 chip is fabricated by using 0.8μm CMOS double metal layer process technology to integrate 240,000 transistors on a 7.7×7.7mm die.

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Riordan, T.; Grewal, G. P.; Hsu, S.; Kinsel, J.; Libby, J.; March, R.; Mills, M.; Ries, P.; Scofield, R. (1988). "The MIPS M2000 system".

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Sherburne, R. W.; Katevenis, M. G. H.; Patterson, D. A.; Sequin, C. H. (1984). "A 32-bit NMOS microprocessor with a large register file".

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operating system to its V60/V70/V80 processors for user-application-oriented systems, including real-time ones. The first flavor of NEC's

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launch vehicles were deployed domestically, in Japan, although their payloads included satellites from foreign countries. As described in

5428: 4593: 878:. The suggested retail price for this kit was 450,000 Yen. NEC-group companies themselves intensively employed the V60 processor. Their 4107: 1198:. This co-processor connected to a V80 via a dedicated bus, to a V60 or V70 via a shared main bus, which constrained peak performance. 3810: 3640: 2728: 2505: 1530: 1441: 4666: 5513: 5503: 5372:

appropriate hardware by number of devices could be fabricated on a chip. Complex functions such as Virtual Memory management and ...

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for the V60 at some point; but this was never released, as the V60/V70 processors were not imported to the US for use in PC clones.

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The external bus system indicates its bus status using 3 status pins, which provide three bits to signal such conditions as first

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The V830R/AV's real-time decoding of MPEG-2 video and audio data enables practical embedded-processor-based multimedia systems.

3841: 1223: 542: 5332:. Solid-State Circuits Conference. Digest of Technical Papers. 1986 IEEE International. Vol. XXIX. IEEE. pp. 36–37. 1320:, running at full bus speed, in the V80. This made string operations about five times faster in the V80 than in the V60/V70. 4094: 3797: 3781: 5564: 2197: 4320:[Space Environment Data Acquisition Equipment – Attached Payload (SEDA-AP) on the ISS - "Kibo" Exposed Facility] 981: 930: 6078: 6073: 5816: 4850: 2383: 2352: 2323: 2184: 1832: 1780: 1491: 1272: 663: 642: 397: 198: 4303: 3671: 2258: 1267:

pages. On the V60/V70, four registers (ATBR0 to ATBR3) store section pointers, but the "area tables entries" (ATE) and

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Suzuki, K.; Arai, T.; Nadehara, K.; Kuroda, I. (1998). "V830R/AV: embedded multimedia superscalar RISC processor".

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Harigai, Hisao; Kusuda, Masaori; Kojima, Shingo; Moriyama, Masatoshi; Ienaga, Takashi; Yano, Yoichi (1992-10-22).

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The V60/V70, NEC's proprietary CPU, is the first commercial-base, general-purpose, 32-bit microprocessor in Japan.

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because of the separate TLB replacement hardware unit, which operates in parallel with the rest of the processor.

5784: 3188: 2356: 1969: 5041: 2347:(for "Multiple Arcade Machine Emulator"), which emulates multiple old arcade games for enthusiasts, includes an 6019: 5683: 5608: 5557: 4894: 1919: 1888:

These software and hardware debugging functions were also built into the V80. However, the V80 did not have an

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their fairly weak floating-point performance, NEC launched this 80-bit floating-point co-processor for 32-bit

1118: 781:. Its sample price at launch was set at ¥100,000 ($ 588.23). It entered full-scale production in August 1986. 5125: 4243: 2219:

packaging. A NEC catalog from 1995 still listed the V60 and V70 (not only in their PGA version but also in a

5625: 3055: 2201: 1473: 778: 80: 5459: 2301: 2278: 6042: 5911: 5613: 5479: 3152: 2668: 2286: 2242: 1268: 1249: 949: 428: 3208:"A Community-Level Analysis of Sources and Rates of Technological Variation in the Microprocessor Market" 3054:

Hennessy: Stanford University, John L; Patterson: University of California at Berkeley, David A. (2007).

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Technological Competition in Global Industries: Marketing and Planning Strategies for American Industry

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Fu, B.; Saini, A.; Gelsinger, P. P. (1989). "Performance and microarchitecture of the i486 processor".

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programs (ported from the V20-V50 series) using V20/V30 emulation mode. According to a 1991 article in

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enthusiasts. The kit contained a V60 processor board that could be plugged into selected models of the

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chips. At the time, a transition from CISC to RISC seemed to bring many benefits for emerging markets.

4564:. Vol. 16, no. 3. Office of Naval Research Asian Office. July–September 1991. pp. 2–3. 1487:. Recent maintenance seems to be done on Sourceware.org. The latest source code is available from its 1219: 4474: 4325: 4273: 3531:

Kimura, S.; Komoto, Y.; Yano, Y. (April 1988). "Implementation of the V60/V70 and its FRM function".

2851: 2584: 2369: 2168: 2164: 1953: 1915: 1889: 1449: 934: 766: 675: 653: 448: 5449: 5265: 4391: 4364: 4017: 3157: 1453: 1302:, Ring 0 being the privileged level that could access a special set of registers on the processors. 5757: 5688: 5297: 5258:"A newer GCC compiler. « Virtual Boy Development Board « Forum « Planet Virtual Boy" 3090:

Proceedings 1989 IEEE International Conference on Computer Design: VLSI in Computers and Processors

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Mizuhashi, Yukiko; Teramoto, Msanoro (August 1989). "Real-time UNIX operating system: RX-UX 832".

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All three processors have the FRM (Functional Redundancy Monitoring) synchronous multiple modular

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architectures, and other RISC processor instructions, such as JARL (Jump and Register Link) and

882:(exchange), which was one of the first intended targets, used V60. In 1991, they expanded their 4962: 3585: 3582:

Digest of Papers. COMPCON Spring 88 Thirty-Third IEEE Computer Society International Conference

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Digest of Papers. COMPCON Spring 88 Thirty-Third IEEE Computer Society International Conference

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using a 1.2-micrometer double-metal layer CMOS process, resulting in 433,000 transistors on an

991: 5968: 5921: 5673: 5397: 5215: 4904: 4647: 4589: 4583: 4534: 4528: 4437: 4399: 4372: 3931: 3751: 3745: 3597: 3415: 3362: 3304: 3227: 3170: 3101: 3061: 2963: 2910: 2867: 2775: 2710: 2600: 2539: 2501: 2308: 2290: 2254: 2220: 2172: 2153: 1957: 1875: 1821: 1811: 1791: 1776: 1772: 1044: 1028: 922: 842: 830: 826: 561: 474: 293: 281: 188: 4639: 4460: 4213: 1585:

NEC Ada Compiler System for EWS-UX/V(Release 4.0) to V70/RX-UX832 Version Release 4.1 (4.6.4)

1245:-ish arch, with a V20/V30 emulation mode (which means it can run Intel 8086/8088 software)". 1108:

The V80 (μPD70832) was launched in the spring of 1989. By incorporating on-chip caches and a

568:, binary backward compatibility for legacy software is more important than changing the ISA. 5973: 5953: 5916: 5728: 5389: 5333: 5207: 4752: 4748: 4720: 4716: 4429: 4111: 3930:"The Saturn originally ran on a NEC V60 chip at 16MHz. Compare this to the PlayStation CPU ( 3589: 3540: 3407: 3354: 3219: 3162: 3093: 3000: 2955: 2902: 2859: 2812: 2637: 2592: 2340: 1752: 1465: 1437: 1390: 1131: 1109: 1054:"Space Environment Data Acquisition" for the V70 was done at the Kibo-ISS exposed facility. 822: 627: 455: 237: 155: 6031: 5489: 5439: 4931: 3814: 3143:

Crawford, J.H. (February 1990). "The i486 CPU: executing instructions in one clock cycle".

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IEEE International Solid-State Circuits Conference, 1989 ISSCC. Digest of Technical Papers

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based on the Intel architecture. NEC is targeting the V60/70 at embedded applications, ...

2238: 1945: 1448:-compiler, the PKG70616 "Software Generation tool package for V60/V70". In addition, GHS ( 1366: 1306: 1305:

All three models support a triple-mode redundancy configuration with three CPUs used in a

1295: 1287: 1150: 679: 634:. Several OSs were ported to the series, including real-time versions of Unix and I-TRON. 488: 451: 444: 172: 4874: 4136: 3447:[Feasibility study of real-time OS for the V60 - toward for the 32-bit I-TRON -] 2760: 1476:

as a part of an enhanced GNU compiler system (EGCS) fork, but it seems not to be public.

560:—which have been mainstream for several decades, internally adopt RISC features in their 5146:[A low power consumption and low voltage operation 32-bit RISC Microprocessor]. 4680: 4554: 3892: 2855: 2588: 5988: 5937: 5836: 5831: 5463: 5453: 5443: 5178: 3480: 2388: 2274:

The V820 (μPD70742) was a simple variant of the V810 (μPD70732), but with peripherals.

2216: 1965: 1926: 1696: 1511: 1420: 1256: 1195: 1127: 1040: 1020: 945: 883: 860: 774: 520: 492: 389: 305: 299: 287: 276: 5433: 5174: 4776: 4039: 3992: 589:

architecture. Its manual describes their architecture as having "features of high-end

6067: 5652: 5493: 5279: 4296:"Back to the future: 64-bit MIPS CPU explores the origins of the solar system – MIPS" 3979: 3709: 3691: 3411: 2804: 2641: 1911: 1903: 1896: 1523: 1370: 1349: 1342: 1215: 1211: 1142: 1006: 953: 894: 871: 864: 790: 594: 565: 440: 5345: 4093:, "Japanese Semiconductor Industry Service", 2nd Quarter 1987, p. 21 (pdf p. 223 in 3848: 3796:, "Japanese Semiconductor Industry Service", 1st Quarter 1987, p. 18 (pdf p. 182 in 3115: 3012: 2977: 2924: 2879: 2824: 2807:; Gross, T.; Shott, J.; Hennessy, J. (1984). "A pipelined 32b NMOS microprocessor". 2727:

Yamahata, Hitoshi; Suzuki, Nariko; Koumoto, Yasuhiko; Shiiba, Tadaaki (1987-02-06).

917: 5678: 5409: 4986: 4826: 3780:, "Japanese Semiconductor Industry Service", 1st Quarter 1986, p. 18 (pdf p. 44 in 3611: 3552: 3374: 2809:

1984 IEEE International Solid-State Circuits Conference. Digest of Technical Papers

2294: 2192: 1973: 1934: 1317: 906: 481: 413: 259: 165: 160: 3398:

Shimojima, Takehiko; Teramoto, Masanori (1987). "V60 real-time operating system".

2159:

In its development phase, the V80 was thought to have the same performance as the

5525:

Original documents for the V60 (μPD70616) & V70 (μPD70632) is available from

5983: 5473: 3339:

Kaneko, Hiraoki; Suzuki, Nariko; Wabuka, Hiroshi; Maemura, Koji (1 March 1990).

2372: 2282: 2160: 1991: 1987: 1980: 1976: 1857: 1846: 1835: 1787: 1783: 1510:(IEEE 1014)–based system with a V70 processor board plugged in. The host of the 875: 834: 812:

employed this processor for most of its arcade game sets in the 1990s; both the

656: 638: 557: 500: 5337: 4610:"Digital Research launches FlexOS 286 Real-Time Manufacturing Operating System" 3655:(4(1987-ARC-069)). Information Processing Society of Japan: 57–64. AN10096105. 2816: 2528:

Suzuki, Hiroaki; Sakai, Toshichika; Harigai, Hisao; Yano, Yoichi (1995-04-25).

1479:

As of 2018, the processor-specific directory necv70 is still kept alive in the

784: 5519: 5509: 5499: 5393: 4367:[Information-processing equipment.Industrial computer .MU.PORT-III.]. 3967: 3459:(19(1985-ARC-061)). Information Processing Society of Japan: 1–8. AN10096105. 2863: 2250: 1238: 1138: 531: 83: 5401: 5382:

IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems

5219: 4854: 4651: 4441: 4403: 4376: 3593: 3419: 3366: 3308: 3231: 3174: 3004: 2959: 2871: 2779: 2743:(8(1986-ARC-043)). Information Processing Society of Japan: 1–8. AN10096105. 2604: 2596: 2543: 2215:

The V60, V70, and V80 were listed in the 1989 and 1990 NEC catalogs in their

887: 5878: 4900: 4363:

OSAMU, TSUJI; SATORU, KOMIYAMA; TOSHIYUKI, DOI; TETSUYA, IWAKI (July 1992).

4174: 4090: 4018:"The outline of NEC super minicomputer MS4100 Series, NEC Technical Journal" 3793: 3777: 3097: 2906: 2459: 1910:

boots up, there is no need for an in-circuit emulator for developing either

1415: 1374: 1313: 1283: 1279: 1113: 902: 615: 137: 4433: 4028:(11). NEC Technical Journal, Vol.39 Iss.11 p.p.113-124, Nov. 1986: 113–124. 3915:"STS 145 Case Study Sega: The effect of corporate conflict on game design" 3341: 833:. Sega originally considered using a 16 MHz V60 as the basis for its 396:

starting in 1986. Several improved versions were introduced with the same

5873: 5526: 5328:

Yano, Y; Iwasaki, J; Sato, Y; Iwata, T; Nakagawa, K; Ueda, M (Feb 1986).

5143: 4963:"HP Emulators and Development Solutions for NEC V Series Microprocessors" 4175:"Space Environment Data Acquisition equipment-Attached Payload (SEDA/AP)" 4063: 2348: 1961: 1949: 1930: 1922: 1714: 1464:) made one, for V20/V30 (Intel 8086), emulation mode, called High C/C++. 1461: 1457: 1264: 1260: 1259:

into four 1-GB sections, each section being further divided into 1,024 1-

1253: 1226: 1175: 1146: 1090: 957: 649: 1529:

The processor received Ada-83 validation from AETECH, Inc., running the

1206:

The V60/V70/V80 shared a basic architecture. They had thirty-two 32-bit

750:

Selecting input for "roll-back by retry" or "roll-forward by exception"

26: 5963: 5851: 5846: 5794: 5752: 5736: 5668: 4878: 2899:

Proceedings 1988 IEEE International Conference on Computer Design: VLSI

2405: 1995: 1515: 1469: 1378: 1346: 898: 527: 363: 5211: 4555:"The International Symposium on Shared Memory Multiprocessing (ISSMM)" 3239: 2464:(PRELIMINARY ed.). The Internet Archive, a 501(c)(3) non-profit. 5647: 5635: 5330:

A 32b CMOS VLSI microprocessor with on-chip virtual memory management

5302: 4495: 3506: 3358: 3166: 2995:

Kohn, L.; Fu, S. W. (1989). "A 1,000,000 transistor microprocessor".

2380: 1732: 1727: 1519: 1507: 1484: 1480: 1394: 1179: 977: 926: 849: 660: 5704: 1964:

Series, specifically the HP 64758. It enables trace function like a

773:

die. It operates at 5 V and was initially packaged in a 68-pin

705:

Select the normal bus (master) mode or FRM operating (checker) mode

541:

change was due to the increasing demands for, and the diversity of,

5470:

Blog: PS98-145-HMW kit: "PC-UX/V" w/ 15 disks & "V60 Sub board"

5469: 4274:"Database of JAXA Qualified EEE Parts and Material: Critical Parts" 4242:(01.04 ed.). MIPS Technologies Inc. 2005-01-31. Archived from 3544: 3501: 3223: 2376: 5841: 5483: 4420:

Majithi, Kenneth (1987). "The New Generation of Microprocessors".

3723:. Society of Semiconductor Industry Specialists: 17–20. April 2012 2415: 1999: 1702: 1684: 1032: 1017: 1009: 990: 944:

die had 385,000 transistors and was packaged in a 132-pin ceramic

916: 868: 845: 783: 763: 4753:"Re: Patch to replace CYGNUS LOCAL with EGCS LOCAL in config.sub" 3443:

Monden, Hiroshi; Teramoto, Takashi; Koga, Masanori (1986-03-14).

1653:

NEC released some plug-in evaluation board kits for the V60/V70.

1562:

NEC Ada Compiler System for EWS-UX/V to V70/RX-UX832, Version 1.0

1126:, implementing 980,000 transistors. It was packaged in a 280-pin 5861: 5361:"A 32-bit CMOS microprocessor with six-stage pipeline structure" 3993:"Bungo mini 5SX,Bungo mini 7SX,Bungo mini 7SD – Computer Museum" 2410: 2344: 2319: 2315: 2268: 2212:

The V60-V80 architecture did not enjoy much commercial success.

1907: 1756: 1406: 1338: 1002: 973: 856: 809: 646: 534:

model, although the V60 had the ability to emulate the V20/V30.

436: 373: 5553: 3288:

Komoto, Yasuhiko; Saito, Tatsuya; Mine, Kazumasa (1990-08-25).

2267:

The V800 Series had 3 major variants, the V810, V830, and

2237:

In 1992, NEC launched a new model, the V800 Series 32-bit

1294:

All three processors use the same protection mechanism, with 4

995:

Liftoff of H-IIA Flight 17, part of whose payload was the

630:

developed for the V60-V80 series are generally oriented toward

5821: 5580: 5148:

SIG Technical Reports, Information Processing Society of Japan

3073:

Open Access: EPUB, KINDLE, PDF, FULL TEXT, etc, are available.

3049: 3047: 1488: 1410: 1242: 897:

processing, while the main system processor was a 16 MHz

723:

Master output requesting bus lock, i.e. freezing bus operation

553: 516: 473:

The V60/V70/V80's applications covered a wide area, including

393: 64: 4721:"Patch to replace CYGNUS LOCAL with EGCS LOCAL in config.sub" 4394:[Applications of industrial computer .MU.PORT-III.]. 3955:"Model Number: PS98-145-HMW, Item Name: PC-UX/V(Rel2.0)(V60)" 1867:

Short-path data access (Skipped address by read-after-write)

1278:

The translation lookaside buffers on the V60/70 are 16-entry

3694:[Development story of the 32-bit microcomputer V60] 3036:(5 ed.). The Internet Archive, a 501(c)(3) non-profit. 2467:

EPUB, KINDLE, PDF, PDF w/text, FULL TEXT, etc, are available

5106:. The Internet Archive, a 501(c)(3) non-profit. p. 30. 5089:. The Internet Archive, a 501(c)(3) non-profit. p. 18. 2942:

Namjoo, M.; Agrawal, A.; Jackson, D. C.; Quach, L. (1988).

2326:

of the original V810 core; running with the V850 compiler.

2281:

may have been skipped as a designation because of Japanese

984:. (See the photo of the V70 mounted on the latter system's 3578:"V60/V70 microprocessor and its systems support functions" 2944:"CMOS gate array implementation of the SPARC architecture" 2363: 519:

starting in 1986. It was the first 32-bit general-purpose

4509:(アーキテクチャおよびハードウェア). Information Society of Japan: 163–164 4390:

HISAO, SASAKI; AKIRA, SATO; TOSHIO, KARAKAMA (May 1993).

2191:

instructions, but the i486 had a wider, 128-bit internal

909:

series, which was the fastest one in Japan at that time.

5436:; at Semiconductor History Museum of Japan (in Japanese) 5241:"Microcontrollers and Development Tools Selection Guide" 4263:, NEC Technical Journal, Vol. 6, No. 1/2001, pp. 145-148 2022:

V70 20 MHz Emulator with 512KB of emulation memory

1316:

in the V60/V70; but these were aided by a hardware data

777:. The first version ran at 16 MHz and attained 3.5 5358:

Kaneko, H; Miki, Y; Koya, K; Araki, M (November 1986).

4494:雅則, 寺本; 健治, 赤羽; 良彦, 和田; 由紀子, 水橋; 滋, 川又 (October 1986). 2513:本書は日本電気(株)が、わが国ではじめて開発した32ビットマイクロプロセッサV60について解説したものである。 2289:

of "4" means "death", thus avoid names evoking such as

1845:"System base (interrupt & exception vector) table" 1627:

Built-in 100M byte (formatted) 3.5-inch SCSI hard disk

1051:

by HIREC, whose development was completed around 2011.

725:

Checker output indicating a mismatch has been detected

552:

Today, RISC chips are common, and CISC designs—such as

5549: 5366:

Proceedings of 1986 ACM Fall Joint Computer Conference

5035:"Agilent Test & Measurement Discontinued Products" 3643:[The Architecture of V60/V70 Microprocessors] 3189:"Despite its aging design, the x86 is still in charge" 2005:

HP 64758: Main units, sub-units, and hosted interface

1979:

automatically, with trace data display and without an

1622:

Expansion bus: IEC822 Rev C or V70 cache bus (6-slot)

893:

series 5SX, 7SX, and 7SD, which used the V60 for fast

5532:

Datasheets for the AFPP (μPD72691) is available from

4318:"国際宇宙ステーション「きぼう」船外プラットフォーム搭載宇宙環境計測ミッション装置（SEDA－AP）" 3698:(in Japanese). Semiconductor History Museum of Japan 3342:"Realizing the V80 and its system support functions" 2339:

Because the V60/V70 had been used for many Japanese

1892:, possibly because the presence of such software as 855:

In 1988, NEC released a kit called PS98-145-HMW for

5946: 5930: 5904: 5807: 5777: 5721: 5712: 5661: 5596: 5587: 5368:. IEEE Computer Society Press. pp. 1000–1007. 4086: 4084: 2692:Hardenbergh, Hal W (1988). "RISCs CISCs and Fabs". 2453: 2451: 1178:specifications. This chip had a performance of 6.7 369: 359: 354: 319: 314: 268: 258: 236: 231: 221: 207: 197: 187: 171: 151: 146: 135: 130: 122: 110: 98: 78: 73: 57: 43: 38: 5359: 4932:"Ada Compiler Validation Procedures – Version 5.0" 4475:"Google Groups – Some comments on the NEC V60/V70" 4193:"JAXA's LSI (MPU/ASIC) roadmap, p. 9; excl. front" 3340: 3138: 3136: 3134: 2531:"A 0.9-V, 2.5 MHz CMOS 32-bit Microprocessor" 2529: 2449: 2447: 2445: 2443: 2441: 2439: 2437: 2435: 2433: 2431: 1617:System bus: IEEE1014 D1.2/IEC821 Rev C.1 (8-slot) 1393:also announced that they were planning on porting 1137:The V80, with μPD72691 co-FPP and μPD71101 simple 3773: 3771: 3769: 3767: 3526: 3524: 3039:EPUB, KINDLE, PDF, FULL TEXT, etc, are available. 2731:[Architecture of the microprocessor V60] 1906:RX616 rendered such a function unnecessary. Once 637:Because the V60/V70 was used in various Japanese 416:product families, which is currently produced by 5429:Die photo of the V60; at Nikkei BP (in Japanese) 4221:Development Status for JAXA Critical Parts, 2008 4200:Development Status for JAXA Critical Parts, 2008 2038:V70 20MHZ Emulator with 1MB of emulation memory 4496:"PORTING UNIX System V TO THE V60 SYSTEMS" 3949: 3947: 3639:Takahashi, Toshiya; Yano, Yoichi (1988-01-21). 3576:Yano, Y.; Koumoto, Y.; Sato, Y. (Spring 1988). 3060:(Fourth ed.). Morgan Kaufmann Publishers. 1452:) made its native mode C compiler (MULTI), and 1419:, Digital Research was working on a version of 1210:, with the last three of them commonly used as 4415: 4413: 3634: 3632: 3630: 3628: 3571: 3569: 3083: 3081: 3057:Computer Architecture: A Quantitative Approach 2299: 1747:On-chip software debug support with the IE-V60 1632:Built-in 1M-byte 3.5-inch floppy disk drive 1 5565: 5466:packaging w/ ceramic cap shield; glass shield 4957: 4955: 4953: 4324:(in Japanese). pp. 52–53. Archived from 2722: 2720: 2718: 1286:. The V80, in contrast, has a 64-entry 2-way 1275:(TLB) misses by eliminating one memory read. 1263:areas, and each area being composed of 256 4- 1029:Kibo International Space Station (ISS) module 439:-based user-application-oriented systems and 8: 5522:- Sega System Multi 32 Hardware (in English) 5280:"V850 and RH850 Embedded Software Solutions" 5029: 5027: 5007:"64758G V70 20MHz emulation subsystem 512KB" 4261:Guidance Control Computer for Launch Vehicle 3866:"NEC Semiconductor Selection Guide Oct.1995" 3739: 3737: 3438: 3436: 3334: 3332: 3290:"Overview of 32-bit V-Series Microprocessor" 3283: 3281: 3279: 3277: 3275: 3273: 2523: 2521: 1483:C-language libraries (libc.a and libm.a) by 863:computer series and a distribution of their 19: 5456:packaging, removed ceramic cap (in Chinese) 4821: 4819: 4667:"Microprocessors and Peripherals Data Book" 3750:. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 128. 3471: 3469: 3393: 3391: 3271: 3269: 3267: 3265: 3263: 3261: 3259: 3257: 3255: 3253: 2623: 2621: 2046:V70 20 MHz Emulation Subsystem, 512KB 997:Akatsuki spacecraft (Venus Climate Orbiter) 837:console; but after receiving word that the 5718: 5703: 5593: 5572: 5558: 5550: 4845: 4843: 2663: 2661: 2396:are exactly the same as those of the V60. 2093:V70 Assembler/Linker, Media & Manuals 2085:V70 Assembler/Linker, Single-user License 1695:V60 coprocessor slave board with Unix for 1673:V60 coprocessor slave board with Unix for 1005:embedded its variant of the V70, with the 25: 3679:. NEC. August 1986. pp. 3-229–3-232. 3156: 2737:SIG Technical Reports; Microcomputer 43-2 2487: 2485: 2483: 2481: 2479: 2477: 2475: 2054:V70 20 MHz Emulation Subsystem, 1MB 5086:Intelligent Peripheral Devices Data Book 4349: 4347: 3835: 3833: 3831: 2570: 2568: 2566: 2109: 2101:V70 Assembler/Linker Multi-user license 2070: 2007: 1796: 1655: 1608: 1535: 1056: 905:variants were employed in NEC's MS-4100 769:, to implement 375,000 transistors on a 684: 2427: 1186:while operating at 20 MHz. It was 537:According to NEC's documentation, this 6089:Computer-related introductions in 1986 5040:. Keysight. p. 97. Archived from 4762:Seems like a misguided exercise to me. 4214:"Development Status of JAXA EEE Parts" 4016:Takeo, Sakurai; Osamu, Oizumi (1986). 2461:μPD70616 Programmer's Reference Manual 1312:String operations were implemented in 1149:real-time UNIX operating system and a 18: 5103:Single-Chip Microcontroller Data Book 2811:. Vol. XXVII. pp. 180–181. 2669:"Akatsuki: Dawn rises again at Venus" 2249:-based architecture, inspired by the 2062:V70 (uPD70632)–hosted User Interface 1960:Series systems, the successor to the 1956:hardware for the V70, built on their 1937:—that works with the target device,. 736:Assertion for freezing bus operation 582: 7: 6026: 4163:. JAXA. September 2007. p. 101. 3673:1987 Microcomputer Data Book: Vol. 2 3400:Microprocessing and Microprogramming 2844:IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits 2687: 2685: 2630:Microprocessing and Microprogramming 2577:IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits 2359:, not for developers but for users. 2124:V70-Hosted Graphical User Interface 1514:was an NEC Engineering Work Station 412:in 1989. They were succeeded by the 4571:from the original on March 1, 2021. 4236:MIPS64 5Kf Processor Core Datasheet 3980:"high speed outline font smoothing" 1353: 1337:NEC ported several variants of the 4108:"MAME:/src/mame/drivers/segas32.c" 4040:"MS-4100 Series - Computer Museum" 3445:"V60用アルタイムOSの検討－32ビットI-TRONに向けて－" 1531:Ada Compiler Validation Capability 1442:integrated development environment 1333:Unix (non-real-time and real-time) 848:processor, instead chose the dual- 447:. They can be used in a multi-cpu 33:Name "V60 D70616" in bottom center 31:Die shot of NEC V60 microprocessor 14: 4853:. Chipcatalog.com. Archived from 4827:"Ada 83 Certified Processor List" 3811:"MAME:/src/mame/drivers/model1.c" 3297:Journal of Information Processing 2536:IEICE Transactions on Electronics 2293:Shi-ban (the number 4 – Shi-ban) 1194:die. It was packaged in a 68-pin 852:design for the production model. 523:commercially available in Japan. 443:–based hardware-control-oriented 6048: 6047: 6038: 6037: 6025: 6014: 6013: 5446:package (much clear, in Chinese) 5175:"NEC Wraps ARM into Gate Arrays" 5144:"低消費電力・低電圧動作の32ビットマイクロプロセッサV810" 5119:"SEMICONDUCTORS SELECTION GUIDE" 4527:Norihisa Suzuki (January 1992). 2700:(2). Avant-Garde Creations: 15. 2330:Modern software-based simulation 1594:EWS4800 Superstation RISC Series 1025:Akatsuki (Venus Climate Orbiter) 543:high-level programming languages 5124:(17th ed.). Archived from 4829:. Archive.adaic.com. 1998-03-31 4620:from the original on 2013-01-18 4562:Scientific Information Bulletin 4133:"MAME:/src/mame/drivers/ms32.c" 3847:(10th ed.). Archived from 3842:"SEMICONDUCTOR SELECTION GUIDE" 2314:As of 2005, it was already the 2171:. In other words, the internal 1498:MV-4100 Ada 83–certified system 680:fault-tolerant computer systems 147:Architecture and classification 4582:Suzuki, Norihisa, ed. (1992). 3889:"MAME:/src/mame/drivers/ssv.c" 3206:Wade, James (1 October 1996). 2500:] (in Japanese). Maruzen. 2492:Kani, Dr. Kenji (April 1987). 2362:It has been maintained by the 1726:V70 single board computer for 1713:V60 single board computer for 1642:EMI evaluation: VCCI - 1 kind 1365:For hardware-control-oriented 976:in its System Multi 32 and by 956:. Its floating-point unit was 1: 5545:Renesas RH850 Family web site 5480:Article: V70 in PGA packaging 4893:Ratcliffe, Mark, ed. (1995). 4798:"Newlib-cygwin.git / history" 4588:. MIT Press. pp. 195ff. 4585:Shared Memory Multiprocessing 4530:Shared Memory Multiprocessing 4135:. Mamedev.org. Archived from 4110:. Mamedev.org. Archived from 3891:. Mamedev.org. Archived from 3813:. Mamedev.org. Archived from 3479:. Mamedev.org. Archived from 3477:"MAME:/src/emu/cpu/v60/v60.c" 3212:Academy of Management Journal 3033:16-BIT V SERIES; INSTRUCTIONS 2152:Strategic failure of the V80 1990:when the source code and the 1037:JAXA's LSI (MPU/ASIC) roadmap 762:technology, under a 1.5 5540:Renesas V850 Family web site 5154:(82 (1992-ARC-096)): 41–48. 4777:"Embedding with GNU: Newlib" 4398:(in Japanese) (230): 41–44. 4371:(in Japanese) (225): 24–32. 3412:10.1016/0165-6074(87)90038-X 2759:Sakamura, Ken (April 1988). 2642:10.1016/0165-6074(89)90105-1 2353:instruction set architecture 1952:) offered probing-pod-based 1751:NEC based its own full (non- 1401:CP/M and DOS (legacy 16-bit) 1273:translation lookaside buffer 1023:, in satellites such as the 965:in 1.2-micrometer CMOS on a 643:instruction set architecture 463: 398:instruction set architecture 5790:NEC Philips Unified Systems 5766:Sharp NEC Display Solutions 3690:Yano, Yoichi (April 2012). 3453:SIG (ARC) Technical Reports 1994:are provided and they were 1248:The V60–V80 has a built-in 1091:SEL (Single Event Latch-up) 6105: 5745:Japan Aviation Electronics 5604:NEC Corporation of America 5490:Photo of NEC V60 CPU board 5338:10.1109/ISSCC.1986.1156924 5009:. Keysight. Archived from 4638:Brett Glass (6 May 1991). 4533:. MIT Press. p. 195. 4294:Voica, Alex (2015-07-29). 2817:10.1109/ISSCC.1984.1156607 2803:Rowen, C.; Przbylski, S.; 2208:Lack of commercial success 880:telephone circuit switcher 599:orthogonal instruction set 530:, which were based on the 515:processor manufactured by 433:real-time operating system 423:The V60 family includes a 315:Products, models, variants 20:NEC V60 / V70 / V80 / AFPP 5997: 5785:NEC Mobile Communications 5701: 5394:10.1109/TCAD.1987.1270281 4392:"工業用コンピュータμPORT-IIIと適用事例" 4365:"情報機器工業用コンピュータμPORT-III" 4095:this multi-volume archive 3798:this multi-volume archive 3782:this multi-volume archive 2864:10.1109/JSSC.1984.1052208 2357:instruction set simulator 2300: 2187:allowed long non-uniform 1775:after branch, continuous 1282:with replacement done by 1269:page tables entries (PTE) 1208:general-purpose registers 1153:-based windowing system. 1066:SEE (Single Event Effect) 1014:Guidance Control Computer 1012:operating system, in the 841:employed a 33.8 MHz 678:mechanism, which enables 24: 5684:Reveal Computer Products 5609:NEC Laboratories America 4936:Ada Resource Association 4696:"gcc/gcc-926/config.sub" 4614:Computer Business Review 4461:"GNU Compiler Internals" 3594:10.1109/CMPCON.1988.4824 3005:10.1109/ISSCC.1989.48231 2960:10.1109/CMPCON.1988.4818 2597:10.1109/JSSC.1989.572608 2498:V-Series Microcomputer 2 2379:, is available from the 2241:; but it did not have a 1767:External bus status pins 1345:port for V60 was called 1241:described it as "a very 1174:operations according to 1119:Computer Business Review 1112:, it was declared NEC's 1087:SEU (Single Event Upset) 1043:, which is based on the 618:for complex operations. 452:fault-tolerant mechanism 435:(RTOS) support for both 5626:NEC Solution Innovators 5286:. Green Hills Software. 3744:David T. Methé (1991). 3098:10.1109/ICCD.1989.63352 2907:10.1109/ICCD.1988.25724 2259:load–store architecture 2202:register-transfer level 2179:, but that of i486 was 2167:, but that of i486 was 1444:(IDE), NEC had its own 1405:The V60 could also run 1252:(MMU) that divides a 4- 1141:chips, was used for an 1045:MIPS64-5Kf architecture 921:V70 (μPD70632GD-20) in 304:AFPP: 68-pin 298:V80: 280-pin 292:V70: 208-pin 286:V70: 132-pin 280:V60: 120-pin 232:Physical specifications 94:AFPP: 20 MHz 6084:32-bit microprocessors 5912:Walter Tenney Carleton 5614:NEC Software Solutions 4968:. Keysight. p. 13 4779:. Embedded. 2001-12-28 4434:10.1109/MM.1987.304873 4302:. MIPS. Archived from 2729:"マイクロプロセッサV60のアーキテクチャ" 2538:. E78-C (4): 389–393. 2287:Japanese pronunciation 2243:memory management unit 1918:. What is needed is a 1876:Sequential data access 1792:sequential data access 1637:Expansion SCSI (1 ch) 1391:Digital Research, Inc. 1352:(V60). (Also refer to 1250:memory management unit 999: 937: 925:packaging, mounted on 806: 659:is available from the 539:computer architectural 429:memory management unit 275:V60: 68-pin 222:Number of instructions 5641:Netcracker Technology 5631:NEC Unified Solutions 5516:Hardware (in English) 5506:Hardware (in English) 4681:"MetaWare High C/C++" 3692:"32ビット・マイコン「V60」開発物語" 3649:SIG Technical Reports 2458:NEC (November 1986). 2365:MAME development team 2355:. It is a kind of an 2165:buffered asynchronous 1649:Evaluation board kits 1432:C/C++ cross-compilers 1257:virtual address space 1222:, which well matched 1202:Hardware architecture 1184:matrix multiplication 994: 986:printed circuit board 920: 787: 585:μPD70616) retained a 123:Virtual address width 5450:Die photo of the V60 5440:Die photo of the V60 5434:Die photo of the V60 4987:"HP Computer Museum" 3957:. NEC product sheet. 3092:. pp. 182–187. 2901:. pp. 366–369. 2694:Programmer's Journal 2233:The V800 series 1954:in-circuit emulation 1916:application software 1450:Green Hills Software 1397:to the V60 and V70. 1377:, which was for the 972:The V70 was used by 632:real-time operations 497:industrial computers 264:AFPP (μPD72691) 199:Instruction set 173:Technology node 6079:Video game hardware 6074:NEC microprocessors 6053:Video game consoles 5896:Video game consoles 5758:Renesas Electronics 5689:Zenith Data Systems 4875:History-of-48series 4181:. JAXA. 2007-03-30. 2856:1984IJSSC..19..682S 2589:1989IJSSC..24.1324N 2285:(see page 58). One 1985:high-level language 1890:in-circuit emulator 1761:in-circuit emulator 1742:In-circuit emulator 1597:EWS-UX/V(R4.0) R6.2 1300:program status word 1231:calling conventions 1224:high level language 1143:industrial computer 901:. In addition, V60 886:products line with 876:8-inch floppy disks 645:is emulated in the 478:telephone exchanges 468:in-circuit emulator 425:floating-point unit 418:Renesas Electronics 92:V80: 25/33 MHz 90:V70: 20/25 MHz 58:Common manufacturer 39:General information 21: 16:CISC microprocessor 5886:Personal computers 5808:Products, services 5713:Joint ventures and 5494:Sega Virtua Racing 5476:slot (in Japanese) 5117:NEC (April 1999). 4938:. 18 November 1997 4694:Cygnus Solutions. 2999:. pp. 54–55. 2930:MIPS M2000 (R2000) 2671:. 11 December 2015 2204:, but it did not. 2140:NEC V70 Interface 2132:NEC V60 Interface 1884:Debugging with V80 1542:Certificate Number 1524:UNIX System V 1385:FlexOS (real-time) 1361:I-TRON (real-time) 1235:non-uniform length 1172:extended precision 1000: 938: 891:(文豪ミニ in Japanese) 807: 562:microarchitectures 320:Product code names 6061: 6060: 5969:NEC Green Rockets 5922:Tadahiro Sekimoto 5803: 5802: 5699: 5698: 5674:Electronic Arrays 5520:Site: "System 16" 5510:Site: "System 16" 5500:Site: "System 16" 5212:10.1109/40.671401 5083:NEC (June 1989). 5070:groups.google.com 4896:Ada Yearbook 1995 4540:978-0-262-19322-1 4044:museum.ipsj.or.jp 3997:museum.ipsj.or.jp 3757:978-0-89930-480-9 3717:Bulletin "Encore" 3710:"Encore 2012 #75" 3353:(2). ACM: 56–69. 3067:978-0-12-370490-0 3030:NEC (June 1997). 2494:Vシリーズマイクロコンピュータ 2 2309:deathwatch beetle 2173:microarchitecture 2154:microarchitecture 2144: 2143: 2107:Hardware options 2105: 2104: 2068:Software options 2066: 2065: 1881: 1880: 1822:Instruction fetch 1812:Instruction fetch 1777:instruction fetch 1773:instruction fetch 1739: 1738: 1723:A part of MV-4000 1705:/V Rel 2.0 (V60) 1687:/V Rel 2.0 (V60) 1646: 1645: 1612:MV-4000 Features 1607: 1606: 1518:, whose host OS, 1462:ARC International 1427:Development tools 1328:Operating systems 1296:protection levels 1280:fully associative 1101: 1100: 754: 753: 628:operating systems 475:circuit switching 462:certified system 456:Development tools 404:in 1987, and the 379: 378: 225:V60/V70: 119 189:Microarchitecture 114:V60: 24 (int. 32) 102:V60: 16 (int. 32) 6096: 6051: 6050: 6041: 6040: 6029: 6028: 6017: 6016: 6002:Now wholly owned 5974:NEC Karuizawa 72 5954:NEC Blue Rockets 5917:Kunihiko Iwadare 5795:Sony NEC Optiarc 5770: 5762: 5749: 5741: 5733: 5729:Alaxala Networks 5719: 5707: 5679:Packard Bell NEC 5594: 5574: 5567: 5560: 5551: 5460:Photo of the V60 5418: 5374: 5363: 5354: 5315: 5314: 5312: 5310: 5294: 5288: 5287: 5276: 5270: 5269: 5264:. Archived from 5254: 5248: 5247: 5245: 5239:NEC (May 2005). 5236: 5230: 5229: 5195: 5189: 5188: 5186: 5185: 5171: 5165: 5164: 5139: 5133: 5132: 5130: 5123: 5114: 5108: 5107: 5100:NEC (May 1990). 5097: 5091: 5090: 5080: 5074: 5073: 5072:. Google Groups. 5062: 5056: 5055: 5053: 5052: 5046: 5039: 5031: 5022: 5021: 5019: 5018: 5003: 4997: 4996: 4994: 4993: 4983: 4977: 4976: 4974: 4973: 4967: 4959: 4948: 4947: 4945: 4943: 4928: 4922: 4921: 4919: 4917: 4890: 4884: 4872: 4866: 4865: 4863: 4862: 4847: 4838: 4837: 4835: 4834: 4823: 4814: 4813: 4811: 4809: 4794: 4788: 4787: 4785: 4784: 4773: 4767: 4766: 4759:(Mailing list). 4749:Cygnus Solutions 4745: 4739: 4738: 4727:(Mailing list). 4717:Cygnus Solutions 4713: 4707: 4706: 4704: 4703: 4691: 4685: 4684: 4677: 4671: 4670: 4662: 4656: 4655: 4635: 4629: 4628: 4626: 4625: 4606: 4600: 4599: 4579: 4573: 4572: 4570: 4559: 4551: 4545: 4544: 4524: 4518: 4517: 4515: 4514: 4500: 4491: 4485: 4484: 4482: 4481: 4471: 4465: 4464: 4457: 4451: 4450: 4417: 4408: 4407: 4387: 4381: 4380: 4360: 4354: 4351: 4342: 4339: 4333: 4332: 4330: 4323: 4314: 4308: 4307: 4291: 4285: 4284: 4282: 4281: 4270: 4264: 4257: 4251: 4250: 4248: 4241: 4231: 4225: 4224: 4218: 4210: 4204: 4203: 4197: 4189: 4183: 4182: 4171: 4165: 4164: 4162: 4154: 4148: 4147: 4145: 4144: 4129: 4123: 4122: 4120: 4119: 4104: 4098: 4088: 4079: 4078: 4076: 4075: 4060: 4054: 4053: 4051: 4050: 4036: 4030: 4029: 4013: 4007: 4006: 4004: 4003: 3989: 3983: 3972: 3965: 3959: 3958: 3951: 3942: 3941: 3926: 3920:. Archived from 3919: 3910: 3904: 3903: 3901: 3900: 3885: 3879: 3878: 3876: 3875: 3870: 3862: 3856: 3855: 3853: 3846: 3840:NEC (Oct 1995). 3837: 3826: 3825: 3823: 3822: 3807: 3801: 3791: 3785: 3775: 3762: 3761: 3741: 3732: 3731: 3729: 3728: 3714: 3706: 3704: 3703: 3697: 3687: 3681: 3680: 3678: 3668: 3662: 3661: 3646: 3641:"V60/V70アーキテクチャ" 3636: 3623: 3622: 3573: 3564: 3563: 3528: 3519: 3518: 3516: 3514: 3498: 3492: 3491: 3489: 3488: 3473: 3464: 3463: 3450: 3440: 3431: 3430: 3406:(1–5): 197–204. 3395: 3386: 3385: 3359:10.1109/40.52947 3344: 3336: 3327: 3326: 3316: 3315: 3294: 3285: 3248: 3247: 3218:(5): 1218–1244. 3203: 3197: 3196: 3185: 3179: 3178: 3167:10.1109/40.46766 3160: 3140: 3129: 3128: 3085: 3076: 3075: 3051: 3042: 3041: 3027: 3021: 3020: 2992: 2986: 2985: 2939: 2933: 2932: 2894: 2888: 2887: 2839: 2833: 2832: 2800: 2794: 2793: 2787: 2786: 2765: 2756: 2750: 2749: 2734: 2724: 2713: 2709: 2689: 2680: 2679: 2677: 2676: 2665: 2656: 2655: 2636:(1–5): 533–538. 2625: 2616: 2615: 2583:(5): 1324–1330. 2572: 2561: 2560: 2551: 2550: 2533: 2525: 2516: 2515: 2489: 2470: 2469: 2455: 2306: 2305: 2304: 2279:designation V840 2245:(MMU). It had a 2200:, with the same 2183:. Both of their 2110: 2071: 2030:One-Time-Update 2008: 1797: 1656: 1609: 1536: 1466:Cygnus Solutions 1438:development tool 1367:embedded systems 1220:argument pointer 1193: 1168:double precision 1164:single precision 1132:branch predictor 1125: 1124:14.49 × 15.47 mm 1110:branch predictor 1057: 968: 967:12.23 × 12.32 mm 952:had support for 943: 942:14.35 × 14.24 mm 772: 744: 716: 712: 685: 597:", with a fully 584: 489:guidance systems 445:embedded systems 392:manufactured by 374:V800 Series 193:"V60/V70", "V80" 156:Embedded systems 88:V60: 16 MHz 29: 22: 6104: 6103: 6099: 6098: 6097: 6095: 6094: 6093: 6064: 6063: 6062: 6057: 5993: 5979:NEC Red Rockets 5964:NEC Cup (Japan) 5959:NEC Cup (China) 5942: 5926: 5900: 5817:Microprocessors 5809: 5799: 5773: 5768: 5760: 5747: 5739: 5731: 5714: 5708: 5695: 5657: 5589: 5583: 5578: 5425: 5414: 5379: 5370: 5357: 5350: 5327: 5324: 5322:Further reading 5319: 5318: 5308: 5306: 5298:"MAMEdev – V60" 5296: 5295: 5291: 5278: 5277: 5273: 5256: 5255: 5251: 5243: 5238: 5237: 5233: 5226: 5224: 5197: 5196: 5192: 5183: 5181: 5173: 5172: 5168: 5161: 5158: 5156: 5141: 5140: 5136: 5128: 5121: 5116: 5115: 5111: 5099: 5098: 5094: 5082: 5081: 5077: 5064: 5063: 5059: 5050: 5048: 5044: 5037: 5033: 5032: 5025: 5016: 5014: 5005: 5004: 5000: 4991: 4989: 4985: 4984: 4980: 4971: 4969: 4965: 4961: 4960: 4951: 4941: 4939: 4930: 4929: 4925: 4915: 4913: 4911: 4903:. p. 198. 4892: 4891: 4887: 4877:(refers to the 4873: 4869: 4860: 4858: 4849: 4848: 4841: 4832: 4830: 4825: 4824: 4817: 4807: 4805: 4796: 4795: 4791: 4782: 4780: 4775: 4774: 4770: 4763: 4761: 4747: 4746: 4742: 4735: 4733: 4731: 4729: 4715: 4714: 4710: 4701: 4699: 4693: 4692: 4688: 4679: 4678: 4674: 4664: 4663: 4659: 4637: 4636: 4632: 4623: 4621: 4608: 4607: 4603: 4596: 4595:978-026219322-1 4581: 4580: 4576: 4568: 4557: 4553: 4552: 4548: 4541: 4526: 4525: 4521: 4512: 4510: 4505:(in Japanese). 4498: 4493: 4492: 4488: 4479: 4477: 4473: 4472: 4468: 4459: 4458: 4454: 4446: 4419: 4418: 4411: 4389: 4388: 4384: 4362: 4361: 4357: 4352: 4345: 4340: 4336: 4328: 4321: 4316: 4315: 4311: 4293: 4292: 4288: 4279: 4277: 4272: 4271: 4267: 4258: 4254: 4246: 4239: 4233: 4232: 4228: 4216: 4212: 4211: 4207: 4195: 4191: 4190: 4186: 4173: 4172: 4168: 4160: 4158:"Kibo HANDBOOK" 4156: 4155: 4151: 4142: 4140: 4131: 4130: 4126: 4117: 4115: 4106: 4105: 4101: 4089: 4082: 4073: 4071: 4068:dbnst.nii.ac.jp 4064:"MS4100 Series" 4062: 4061: 4057: 4048: 4046: 4038: 4037: 4033: 4024:(in Japanese). 4015: 4014: 4010: 4001: 3999: 3991: 3990: 3986: 3970:Bungou Mini 5RX 3968: 3966: 3962: 3953: 3952: 3945: 3929: 3927:on 2014-02-22. 3924: 3917: 3912: 3911: 3907: 3898: 3896: 3887: 3886: 3882: 3873: 3871: 3868: 3864: 3863: 3859: 3851: 3844: 3839: 3838: 3829: 3820: 3818: 3809: 3808: 3804: 3792: 3788: 3776: 3765: 3758: 3743: 3742: 3735: 3726: 3724: 3719:(in Japanese). 3712: 3708: 3707: 3701: 3699: 3695: 3689: 3688: 3684: 3676: 3670: 3669: 3665: 3657: 3651:(in Japanese). 3644: 3638: 3637: 3626: 3618: 3616: 3604: 3575: 3574: 3567: 3559: 3557: 3530: 3529: 3522: 3512: 3510: 3500: 3499: 3495: 3486: 3484: 3475: 3474: 3467: 3455:(in Japanese). 3448: 3442: 3441: 3434: 3426: 3424: 3397: 3396: 3389: 3381: 3379: 3338: 3337: 3330: 3322: 3320: 3313: 3311: 3292: 3287: 3286: 3251: 3205: 3204: 3200: 3187: 3186: 3182: 3158:10.1.1.126.4216 3142: 3141: 3132: 3124: 3122: 3120: 3108: 3087: 3086: 3079: 3072: 3068: 3053: 3052: 3045: 3038: 3029: 3028: 3024: 3017: 2994: 2993: 2989: 2983:SPARC, 1st Gen. 2982: 2970: 2941: 2940: 2936: 2929: 2917: 2896: 2895: 2891: 2884: 2841: 2840: 2836: 2829: 2802: 2801: 2797: 2790: 2784: 2782: 2763: 2761:"Recent Trends" 2758: 2757: 2753: 2745: 2739:(in Japanese). 2732: 2726: 2725: 2716: 2702: 2691: 2690: 2683: 2674: 2672: 2667: 2666: 2659: 2651: 2648: 2646: 2627: 2626: 2619: 2611: 2609: 2574: 2573: 2564: 2556: 2554: 2548: 2546: 2527: 2526: 2519: 2512: 2508: 2491: 2490: 2473: 2466: 2457: 2456: 2429: 2424: 2402: 2389:operation codes 2337: 2332: 2298: 2239:microcontroller 2235: 2230: 2210: 2198:physical design 2157: 2149: 1983:, and displays 1946:Hewlett-Packard 1943: 1931:screen debugger 1886: 1769: 1749: 1744: 1651: 1603:RX-UX832 V1.63 1500: 1436:As part of its 1434: 1429: 1403: 1387: 1363: 1335: 1330: 1307:byzantine fault 1288:set associative 1204: 1191: 1182:, doing vector- 1159: 1123: 1106: 1096: 1089: 1082: 1068:Monitored Item 1067: 1021:carrier rockets 966: 941: 915: 800: 770: 759: 742: 724: 714: 710: 672: 624: 607: 579: 577:Instruction set 574: 564:. According to 509: 493:word processors 350: 310: 279: 254: 250: 248: 246: 226: 217: 182: 180: 179:V70: 1.5/1.2 μm 178: 177:V60: 1.5/1.2 μm 164: 159: 117: 115: 105: 103: 93: 91: 89: 69: 52: 50: 48: 34: 32: 17: 12: 11: 5: 6102: 6100: 6092: 6091: 6086: 6081: 6076: 6066: 6065: 6059: 6058: 6056: 6055: 6045: 6035: 6023: 6010: 6009: 6004: 5998: 5995: 5994: 5992: 5991: 5989:Sumitomo Group 5986: 5981: 5976: 5971: 5966: 5961: 5956: 5950: 5948: 5944: 5943: 5941: 5940: 5938:NEC Supertower 5934: 5932: 5928: 5927: 5925: 5924: 5919: 5914: 5908: 5906: 5902: 5901: 5899: 5898: 5893: 5891:Supercomputers 5888: 5883: 5882: 5881: 5876: 5866: 5865: 5864: 5859: 5854: 5849: 5844: 5839: 5834: 5829: 5824: 5813: 5811: 5805: 5804: 5801: 5800: 5798: 5797: 5792: 5787: 5781: 5779: 5775: 5774: 5772: 5771: 5763: 5755: 5750: 5742: 5734: 5725: 5723: 5716: 5710: 5709: 5702: 5700: 5697: 5696: 5694: 5693: 5692: 5691: 5686: 5676: 5671: 5665: 5663: 5659: 5658: 5656: 5655: 5650: 5644: 5643: 5638: 5633: 5628: 5623: 5622: 5621: 5611: 5606: 5600: 5598: 5591: 5585: 5584: 5579: 5577: 5576: 5569: 5562: 5554: 5548: 5547: 5542: 5537: 5530: 5523: 5517: 5507: 5504:Sega System 32 5497: 5487: 5477: 5467: 5457: 5447: 5437: 5431: 5424: 5423:External links 5421: 5420: 5419: 5388:(3): 364–373. 5376: 5375: 5355: 5323: 5320: 5317: 5316: 5289: 5271: 5268:on 2019-05-30. 5249: 5231: 5190: 5166: 5134: 5131:on 2018-01-08. 5109: 5092: 5075: 5057: 5023: 4998: 4978: 4949: 4923: 4909: 4885: 4883:NEC computers) 4867: 4839: 4815: 4802:Sourceware.org 4789: 4768: 4751:(1999-02-25). 4740: 4719:(1999-02-25). 4708: 4686: 4672: 4657: 4630: 4616:. 1987-01-15. 4601: 4594: 4574: 4546: 4539: 4519: 4486: 4466: 4452: 4409: 4382: 4355: 4343: 4334: 4331:on 2018-01-26. 4309: 4306:on 2018-02-20. 4286: 4265: 4252: 4249:on 2018-02-20. 4226: 4205: 4184: 4166: 4149: 4124: 4099: 4080: 4055: 4031: 4008: 3984: 3960: 3943: 3905: 3880: 3857: 3854:on 2016-03-04. 3827: 3802: 3786: 3763: 3756: 3733: 3682: 3663: 3624: 3602: 3565: 3545:10.1109/40.527 3520: 3502:"mamedev/mame" 3493: 3465: 3432: 3387: 3328: 3303:(2): 110–122. 3249: 3224:10.2307/256997 3198: 3180: 3130: 3106: 3077: 3066: 3043: 3022: 2987: 2968: 2934: 2915: 2889: 2850:(5): 682–689. 2834: 2795: 2751: 2714: 2681: 2657: 2617: 2562: 2517: 2507:978-4621031575 2506: 2471: 2426: 2425: 2423: 2420: 2419: 2418: 2413: 2408: 2401: 2398: 2336: 2333: 2331: 2328: 2234: 2231: 2229: 2226: 2209: 2206: 2156: 2150: 2148: 2145: 2142: 2141: 2138: 2134: 2133: 2130: 2126: 2125: 2122: 2118: 2117: 2114: 2103: 2102: 2099: 2095: 2094: 2091: 2087: 2086: 2083: 2079: 2078: 2075: 2064: 2063: 2060: 2056: 2055: 2052: 2048: 2047: 2044: 2040: 2039: 2036: 2032: 2031: 2028: 2024: 2023: 2020: 2016: 2015: 2012: 1972:also displays 1970:test equipment 1966:logic analyzer 1942: 1939: 1927:cross compiler 1912:device drivers 1899:RX-UX 832 and 1885: 1882: 1879: 1878: 1873: 1869: 1868: 1865: 1861: 1860: 1854: 1850: 1849: 1843: 1839: 1838: 1830: 1826: 1825: 1819: 1815: 1814: 1809: 1805: 1804: 1801: 1768: 1765: 1759:) probe-based 1748: 1745: 1743: 1740: 1737: 1736: 1730: 1724: 1720: 1719: 1717: 1711: 1710:EBIBM-70616SBC 1707: 1706: 1699: 1693: 1689: 1688: 1681: 1671: 1667: 1666: 1663: 1660: 1650: 1647: 1644: 1643: 1639: 1638: 1634: 1633: 1629: 1628: 1624: 1623: 1619: 1618: 1614: 1613: 1605: 1604: 1601: 1598: 1595: 1592: 1589: 1588:910918S1.11217 1586: 1582: 1581: 1580:RX-UX832 V1.6 1578: 1575: 1572: 1571:NEC EWS4800/60 1569: 1566: 1565:910918S1.11217 1563: 1559: 1558: 1555: 1554:TARGET Machine 1552: 1549: 1546: 1543: 1540: 1512:cross compiler 1499: 1496: 1472:) also ported 1454:MetaWare, Inc. 1433: 1430: 1428: 1425: 1421:Concurrent DOS 1402: 1399: 1386: 1383: 1362: 1359: 1334: 1331: 1329: 1326: 1203: 1200: 1192:11.6 × 14.9 mm 1158: 1155: 1105: 1102: 1099: 1098: 1093: 1084: 1077: 1073: 1072: 1069: 1064: 1061: 1041:microprocessor 982:Mega System 32 914: 911: 884:word processor 814:Sega System 32 771:13.9 × 13.8 mm 758: 755: 752: 751: 748: 745: 738: 737: 734: 731: 727: 726: 721: 718: 707: 706: 703: 700: 696: 695: 692: 689: 671: 668: 623: 620: 606: 603: 595:supercomputers 578: 575: 573: 570: 521:microprocessor 508: 505: 499:, and various 390:microprocessor 377: 376: 371: 367: 366: 361: 357: 356: 352: 351: 349: 348: 345: 342: 339: 336: 333: 330: 327: 323: 321: 317: 316: 312: 311: 309: 308: 302: 296: 290: 284: 272: 270: 266: 265: 262: 256: 255: 253: 252: 242: 240: 234: 233: 229: 228: 223: 219: 218: 216: 215: 211: 209: 205: 204: 201: 195: 194: 191: 185: 184: 175: 169: 168: 153: 149: 148: 144: 143: 140: 133: 132: 128: 127: 124: 120: 119: 112: 108: 107: 100: 96: 95: 86: 76: 75: 71: 70: 68: 67: 61: 59: 55: 54: 45: 41: 40: 36: 35: 30: 15: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 6101: 6090: 6087: 6085: 6082: 6080: 6077: 6075: 6072: 6071: 6069: 6054: 6046: 6044: 6036: 6034: 6033: 6024: 6022: 6021: 6012: 6011: 6008: 6005: 6003: 6000: 5999: 5996: 5990: 5987: 5985: 5982: 5980: 5977: 5975: 5972: 5970: 5967: 5965: 5962: 5960: 5957: 5955: 5952: 5951: 5949: 5945: 5939: 5936: 5935: 5933: 5929: 5923: 5920: 5918: 5915: 5913: 5910: 5909: 5907: 5903: 5897: 5894: 5892: 5889: 5887: 5884: 5880: 5877: 5875: 5872: 5871: 5870: 5869:Mobile phones 5867: 5863: 5860: 5858: 5855: 5853: 5850: 5848: 5845: 5843: 5840: 5838: 5835: 5833: 5830: 5828: 5825: 5823: 5820: 5819: 5818: 5815: 5814: 5812: 5810:and standards 5806: 5796: 5793: 5791: 5788: 5786: 5783: 5782: 5780: 5776: 5767: 5764: 5759: 5756: 5754: 5751: 5746: 5743: 5738: 5735: 5730: 5727: 5726: 5724: 5720: 5717: 5715:shareholdings 5711: 5706: 5690: 5687: 5685: 5682: 5681: 5680: 5677: 5675: 5672: 5670: 5667: 5666: 5664: 5660: 5654: 5651: 5649: 5646: 5645: 5642: 5639: 5637: 5634: 5632: 5629: 5627: 5624: 5620: 5617: 5616: 5615: 5612: 5610: 5607: 5605: 5602: 5601: 5599: 5595: 5592: 5588:Divisions and 5586: 5582: 5575: 5570: 5568: 5563: 5561: 5556: 5555: 5552: 5546: 5543: 5541: 5538: 5535: 5531: 5528: 5524: 5521: 5518: 5515: 5511: 5508: 5505: 5501: 5498: 5495: 5491: 5488: 5485: 5481: 5478: 5475: 5471: 5468: 5465: 5461: 5458: 5455: 5451: 5448: 5445: 5442:, mounted on 5441: 5438: 5435: 5432: 5430: 5427: 5426: 5422: 5417: 5411: 5407: 5403: 5399: 5395: 5391: 5387: 5383: 5378: 5377: 5373: 5367: 5362: 5356: 5353: 5347: 5343: 5339: 5335: 5331: 5326: 5325: 5321: 5305: 5304: 5299: 5293: 5290: 5285: 5281: 5275: 5272: 5267: 5263: 5259: 5253: 5250: 5242: 5235: 5232: 5228: 5221: 5217: 5213: 5209: 5205: 5201: 5194: 5191: 5180: 5176: 5170: 5167: 5163: 5153: 5149: 5145: 5138: 5135: 5127: 5120: 5113: 5110: 5105: 5104: 5096: 5093: 5088: 5087: 5079: 5076: 5071: 5067: 5061: 5058: 5047:on 2018-01-08 5043: 5036: 5030: 5028: 5024: 5013:on 2018-01-08 5012: 5008: 5002: 4999: 4988: 4982: 4979: 4964: 4958: 4956: 4954: 4950: 4937: 4933: 4927: 4924: 4912: 4910:9789051992182 4906: 4902: 4898: 4897: 4889: 4886: 4882: 4881: 4876: 4871: 4868: 4857:on 2018-01-07 4856: 4852: 4846: 4844: 4840: 4828: 4822: 4820: 4816: 4803: 4799: 4793: 4790: 4778: 4772: 4769: 4765: 4758: 4754: 4750: 4744: 4741: 4737: 4726: 4722: 4718: 4712: 4709: 4697: 4690: 4687: 4682: 4676: 4673: 4668: 4661: 4658: 4653: 4649: 4645: 4641: 4640:"Answer Line" 4634: 4631: 4619: 4615: 4611: 4605: 4602: 4597: 4591: 4587: 4586: 4578: 4575: 4567: 4563: 4556: 4550: 4547: 4542: 4536: 4532: 4531: 4523: 4520: 4508: 4504: 4497: 4490: 4487: 4476: 4470: 4467: 4462: 4456: 4453: 4449: 4443: 4439: 4435: 4431: 4427: 4423: 4416: 4414: 4410: 4405: 4401: 4397: 4393: 4386: 4383: 4378: 4374: 4370: 4366: 4359: 4356: 4350: 4348: 4344: 4338: 4335: 4327: 4319: 4313: 4310: 4305: 4301: 4297: 4290: 4287: 4275: 4269: 4266: 4262: 4256: 4253: 4245: 4238: 4237: 4230: 4227: 4222: 4215: 4209: 4206: 4201: 4194: 4188: 4185: 4180: 4176: 4170: 4167: 4159: 4153: 4150: 4139:on 2014-04-03 4138: 4134: 4128: 4125: 4114:on 2014-04-03 4113: 4109: 4103: 4100: 4096: 4092: 4087: 4085: 4081: 4070:(in Japanese) 4069: 4065: 4059: 4056: 4045: 4041: 4035: 4032: 4027: 4023: 4019: 4012: 4009: 3998: 3994: 3988: 3985: 3981: 3977: 3973: 3971: 3964: 3961: 3956: 3950: 3948: 3944: 3940: 3937: 3934:R3000A 32bit 3933: 3923: 3916: 3913:Richard Tan. 3909: 3906: 3895:on 2014-04-03 3894: 3890: 3884: 3881: 3867: 3861: 3858: 3850: 3843: 3836: 3834: 3832: 3828: 3817:on 2014-04-03 3816: 3812: 3806: 3803: 3799: 3795: 3790: 3787: 3783: 3779: 3774: 3772: 3770: 3768: 3764: 3759: 3753: 3749: 3748: 3740: 3738: 3734: 3722: 3718: 3711: 3693: 3686: 3683: 3675: 3674: 3667: 3664: 3660: 3654: 3650: 3642: 3635: 3633: 3631: 3629: 3625: 3621: 3613: 3609: 3605: 3603:0-8186-0828-5 3599: 3595: 3591: 3587: 3583: 3579: 3572: 3570: 3566: 3562: 3554: 3550: 3546: 3542: 3538: 3534: 3527: 3525: 3521: 3509: 3508: 3503: 3497: 3494: 3483:on 2014-02-22 3482: 3478: 3472: 3470: 3466: 3462: 3458: 3454: 3446: 3439: 3437: 3433: 3429: 3421: 3417: 3413: 3409: 3405: 3401: 3394: 3392: 3388: 3384: 3376: 3372: 3368: 3364: 3360: 3356: 3352: 3348: 3343: 3335: 3333: 3329: 3325: 3310: 3306: 3302: 3298: 3291: 3284: 3282: 3280: 3278: 3276: 3274: 3272: 3270: 3268: 3266: 3264: 3262: 3260: 3258: 3256: 3254: 3250: 3246: 3241: 3237: 3233: 3229: 3225: 3221: 3217: 3213: 3209: 3202: 3199: 3194: 3190: 3184: 3181: 3176: 3172: 3168: 3164: 3159: 3154: 3150: 3146: 3139: 3137: 3135: 3131: 3127: 3117: 3113: 3109: 3107:0-8186-1971-6 3103: 3099: 3095: 3091: 3084: 3082: 3078: 3074: 3069: 3063: 3059: 3058: 3050: 3048: 3044: 3040: 3035: 3034: 3026: 3023: 3019: 3014: 3010: 3006: 3002: 2998: 2991: 2988: 2984: 2979: 2975: 2971: 2969:0-8186-0828-5 2965: 2961: 2957: 2953: 2949: 2945: 2938: 2935: 2931: 2926: 2922: 2918: 2916:0-8186-0872-2 2912: 2908: 2904: 2900: 2893: 2890: 2886: 2881: 2877: 2873: 2869: 2865: 2861: 2857: 2853: 2849: 2845: 2838: 2835: 2831: 2830:Stanford MIPS 2826: 2822: 2818: 2814: 2810: 2806: 2799: 2796: 2792: 2781: 2777: 2773: 2769: 2762: 2755: 2752: 2748: 2742: 2738: 2730: 2723: 2721: 2719: 2715: 2712: 2708: 2706: 2699: 2695: 2688: 2686: 2682: 2670: 2664: 2662: 2658: 2654: 2643: 2639: 2635: 2631: 2624: 2622: 2618: 2614: 2606: 2602: 2598: 2594: 2590: 2586: 2582: 2578: 2571: 2569: 2567: 2563: 2559: 2545: 2541: 2537: 2532: 2524: 2522: 2518: 2514: 2509: 2503: 2499: 2495: 2488: 2486: 2484: 2482: 2480: 2478: 2476: 2472: 2468: 2463: 2462: 2454: 2452: 2450: 2448: 2446: 2444: 2442: 2440: 2438: 2436: 2434: 2432: 2428: 2421: 2417: 2414: 2412: 2409: 2407: 2404: 2403: 2399: 2397: 2395: 2391: 2390: 2385: 2382: 2378: 2375:, written in 2374: 2371: 2368:. The latest 2367: 2366: 2360: 2358: 2354: 2350: 2349:CPU simulator 2346: 2342: 2334: 2329: 2327: 2325: 2321: 2318:era, and the 2317: 2312: 2310: 2307:, precisely " 2303: 2296: 2292: 2288: 2284: 2280: 2275: 2272: 2270: 2265: 2262: 2260: 2256: 2252: 2248: 2244: 2240: 2232: 2227: 2225: 2222: 2218: 2213: 2207: 2205: 2203: 2199: 2194: 2190: 2186: 2182: 2178: 2174: 2170: 2166: 2162: 2155: 2151: 2146: 2139: 2136: 2135: 2131: 2128: 2127: 2123: 2120: 2119: 2115: 2112: 2111: 2108: 2100: 2097: 2096: 2092: 2089: 2088: 2084: 2081: 2080: 2076: 2073: 2072: 2069: 2061: 2058: 2057: 2053: 2050: 2049: 2045: 2042: 2041: 2037: 2034: 2033: 2029: 2026: 2025: 2021: 2018: 2017: 2013: 2010: 2009: 2006: 2003: 2001: 1997: 1993: 1989: 1986: 1982: 1978: 1975: 1971: 1967: 1963: 1959: 1955: 1951: 1947: 1940: 1938: 1936: 1932: 1928: 1924: 1921: 1917: 1913: 1909: 1905: 1902: 1898: 1895: 1891: 1883: 1877: 1874: 1871: 1870: 1866: 1863: 1862: 1859: 1855: 1852: 1851: 1848: 1844: 1841: 1840: 1837: 1834: 1831: 1828: 1827: 1824:after branch 1823: 1820: 1817: 1816: 1813: 1810: 1807: 1806: 1802: 1799: 1798: 1795: 1793: 1789: 1785: 1782: 1778: 1774: 1766: 1764: 1762: 1758: 1754: 1746: 1741: 1734: 1731: 1729: 1725: 1722: 1721: 1718: 1716: 1712: 1709: 1708: 1704: 1700: 1698: 1694: 1691: 1690: 1686: 1682: 1680: 1676: 1672: 1670:EBIBM-7061UNX 1669: 1668: 1664: 1661: 1658: 1657: 1654: 1648: 1641: 1640: 1636: 1635: 1631: 1630: 1626: 1625: 1621: 1620: 1616: 1615: 1611: 1610: 1602: 1599: 1596: 1593: 1590: 1587: 1584: 1583: 1579: 1576: 1574:EWS-UX/V R8.1 1573: 1570: 1567: 1564: 1561: 1560: 1556: 1553: 1550: 1547: 1545:Compiler Type 1544: 1541: 1538: 1537: 1534: 1532: 1527: 1525: 1521: 1517: 1513: 1509: 1505: 1497: 1495: 1493: 1490: 1486: 1482: 1477: 1475: 1471: 1467: 1463: 1459: 1455: 1451: 1447: 1443: 1439: 1431: 1426: 1424: 1422: 1418: 1417: 1412: 1408: 1400: 1398: 1396: 1392: 1384: 1382: 1380: 1376: 1372: 1368: 1360: 1358: 1355: 1354:external link 1351: 1348: 1344: 1343:UNIX System V 1340: 1332: 1327: 1325: 1321: 1319: 1315: 1310: 1308: 1303: 1301: 1297: 1292: 1289: 1285: 1281: 1276: 1274: 1270: 1266: 1262: 1258: 1255: 1251: 1246: 1244: 1240: 1236: 1232: 1228: 1225: 1221: 1217: 1216:frame pointer 1213: 1212:stack pointer 1209: 1201: 1199: 1197: 1189: 1185: 1181: 1177: 1173: 1170:, and 80-bit 1169: 1165: 1157:AFPP (co-FPP) 1156: 1154: 1152: 1148: 1144: 1140: 1135: 1133: 1129: 1121: 1120: 1115: 1111: 1103: 1097:(—2010/9/30) 1094: 1092: 1088: 1085: 1083:38510/92101xz 1081: 1078: 1075: 1074: 1070: 1065: 1062: 1059: 1058: 1055: 1052: 1050: 1046: 1042: 1038: 1034: 1030: 1026: 1022: 1019: 1015: 1011: 1008: 1004: 998: 993: 989: 987: 983: 979: 975: 970: 964: 959: 955: 954:demand paging 951: 947: 936: 933: 932: 931:Mega System32 928: 924: 919: 912: 910: 908: 904: 900: 896: 892: 890: 885: 881: 877: 873: 872:Rel 2.0 (V60) 870: 866: 865:UNIX System V 862: 858: 853: 851: 847: 844: 840: 836: 832: 828: 824: 819: 815: 811: 804: 803:External Link 799: 798: 793: 792: 791:Virtua Racing 786: 782: 780: 776: 768: 765: 756: 749: 746: 740: 739: 735: 732: 729: 728: 722: 719: 709: 708: 704: 701: 698: 697: 693: 690: 687: 686: 683: 681: 677: 669: 667: 665: 662: 658: 655: 652:. The latest 651: 650:CPU simulator 648: 644: 640: 635: 633: 629: 621: 619: 617: 612: 604: 602: 600: 596: 592: 588: 576: 571: 569: 567: 566:Pat Gelsinger 563: 559: 555: 550: 548: 544: 540: 535: 533: 529: 524: 522: 518: 514: 511:NEC V60 is a 506: 504: 502: 498: 494: 490: 487: 483: 482:minicomputers 479: 476: 471: 469: 465: 461: 457: 453: 450: 446: 442: 438: 434: 430: 426: 421: 419: 415: 411: 407: 403: 399: 395: 391: 388: 384: 375: 372: 368: 365: 362: 358: 353: 346: 343: 340: 338:μPD70632GD-20 337: 334: 331: 329:μPD70615GD-16 328: 325: 324: 322: 318: 313: 307: 303: 301: 297: 295: 291: 289: 285: 283: 278: 274: 273: 271: 267: 263: 261: 257: 244: 243: 241: 239: 235: 230: 227:V80: 123 224: 220: 213: 212: 210: 206: 202: 200: 196: 192: 190: 186: 176: 174: 170: 167: 162: 161:minicomputers 157: 154: 150: 145: 141: 139: 134: 129: 125: 121: 113: 111:Address width 109: 101: 97: 87: 85: 82: 77: 72: 66: 63: 62: 60: 56: 46: 42: 37: 28: 23: 6030: 6018: 6006: 6001: 5856: 5590:subsidiaries 5514:Sega Model 1 5496:(in English) 5486:(in English) 5484:H-IIA rocket 5413: 5385: 5381: 5369: 5365: 5349: 5329: 5307:. Retrieved 5301: 5292: 5283: 5274: 5266:the original 5262:planetvb.com 5261: 5252: 5234: 5223: 5206:(2): 36–47. 5203: 5199: 5193: 5182:. Retrieved 5169: 5155: 5151: 5147: 5137: 5126:the original 5112: 5102: 5095: 5085: 5078: 5069: 5060: 5049:. Retrieved 5042:the original 5015:. Retrieved 5011:the original 5001: 4990:. Retrieved 4981: 4970:. Retrieved 4940:. Retrieved 4935: 4926: 4914:. Retrieved 4895: 4888: 4879: 4870: 4859:. Retrieved 4855:the original 4831:. Retrieved 4806:. Retrieved 4801: 4792: 4781:. Retrieved 4771: 4760: 4756: 4743: 4728: 4724: 4711: 4700:. Retrieved 4689: 4675: 4660: 4643: 4633: 4622:. Retrieved 4613: 4604: 4584: 4577: 4561: 4549: 4529: 4522: 4511:. Retrieved 4506: 4502: 4489: 4478:. Retrieved 4469: 4455: 4445: 4425: 4421: 4395: 4385: 4368: 4358: 4337: 4326:the original 4312: 4304:the original 4299: 4289: 4278:. Retrieved 4268: 4259:HAYASHI, N. 4255: 4244:the original 4235: 4229: 4220: 4208: 4199: 4187: 4178: 4169: 4152: 4141:. 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Retrieved 2645: 2633: 2629: 2608: 2580: 2576: 2553: 2547:. Retrieved 2535: 2511: 2497: 2493: 2465: 2460: 2392:in the file 2387: 2364: 2361: 2341:arcade games 2338: 2313: 2276: 2273: 2266: 2263: 2236: 2214: 2211: 2193:cache memory 2158: 2116:Description 2106: 2077:Description 2067: 2014:Description 2004: 1992:object files 1974:disassembled 1944: 1887: 1803:Description 1770: 1750: 1692:PS98-145-HMW 1662:Descriptions 1652: 1548:HOST Machine 1528: 1501: 1478: 1435: 1414: 1404: 1388: 1364: 1336: 1322: 1318:control unit 1311: 1304: 1293: 1277: 1247: 1205: 1160: 1145:running the 1136: 1117: 1107: 1095:Not observed 1053: 1036: 1001: 971: 939: 929: 907:minicomputer 895:outline font 888: 854: 818:Sega Model 1 808: 797:Sega Model 1 796: 789: 760: 673: 639:arcade games 636: 625: 611:architecture 608: 580: 551: 536: 525: 510: 507:Introduction 501:arcade games 472: 422: 409: 405: 401: 382: 380: 347:μPD72691R-20 344:μPD70832R-33 341:μPD70832R-25 335:μPD70632R-25 332:μPD70632R-20 326:μPD70616R-16 260:Co-processor 183:AFPP: 1.2 μm 166:arcade games 5984:NEC Shun-Ei 5827:μCOM series 5753:NEC BIGLOBE 5669:NEC BIGLOBE 5474:NEC PC-9801 4757:gcc-patches 4725:gcc-patches 4698:. 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