1308:. Tim's prototype implementation on NeXTSTEP is made in the space of a few months, thanks to the qualities of the NeXTSTEP software development system. This prototype offers WYSIWYG browsing/authoring! Current Web browsers used in "surfing the Internet" are mere passive windows, depriving the user of the possibility to contribute. During some sessions in the CERN cafeteria, Tim and I try to find a catching name for the system. I was determined that the name should not yet again be taken from Greek mythology. Tim proposes "World-Wide Web". I like this very much, except that it is difficult to pronounce in French...
4092:
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4083:
59:
50:
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2647:
1155:, real-time scrolling and window dragging, properties dialog boxes called "inspectors", and window modification notices (such as the saved status of a file). The system is among the first general-purpose user interfaces to handle publishing color standards, transparency, sophisticated sound and music processing (through a
1002:
Although relatively unsuccessful at the time, it attracted interest from computer scientists and researchers. It hosted the original development of the
Electronic AppWrapper, the first commercial electronic software distribution catalog to collectively manage encryption and provide digital rights for
1343:. This basic design can be enhanced by the simple addition of new links and new documents, located anywhere in the local area network, that foreshadowed Tim Berners-Lee's initial prototype that was written on NeXTSTEP in October–December 1990.
1888:
architectures added, introducing Quad-fat
Binaries. Last and most popular version released under the name NEXTSTEP. Referred to as NEXTSTEP/m68k, NEXTSTEP/Intel, NEXTSTEP/SPARC. NEXTSTEP/PA-RISC
1438:. It is the product of an effort to separate the underlying operating system from the higher-level object libraries to create a cross-platform object-oriented API standard derived from NeXTSTEP.
2575:
1339:, a drawing tool, originally called BLT (for Box-and-Line Tool) in which objects (boxes) are connected together using "smart links" (lines) to construct diagrams such a
2046:
Versions up to 4.1 are general releases. OPENSTEP 4.2 pre-release 2 is a bug-fix release published by Apple and supported for five years after its
September 1997 release.
3436:
1188:
system. The kits made the system particularly interesting to custom application programmers, and NeXTSTEP had a long history in the financial programming community.
4126:
1683:. Workspace Manager now has the Shelf, copies performed in background, black hole is replaced by recycler icon. Terminal.app. Dynamic loading of drivers.
1124:
NeXTSTEP is a preeminent implementation of the last three items. The toolkits are the canonical development system for all of the software on the system.
5029:
1454:-based operating system. NeXT's implementation is called "OPENSTEP for Mach" and its first release (4.0) superseded NeXTSTEP 3.3 on NeXT, Sun, and Intel
5039:
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1304:
1990 CERN: A Joint proposal for a hypertext system is presented to the management. Mike
Sendall buys a NeXT cube for evaluation, and gives it to
2343:
2331:
MCI used NeXT software to power its revolutionary
Friends and Family networking referral campaign, which other rivals couldn't match for years.
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3429:
2220:
381:
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2412:
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1930:
Allegedly dropped due to complaints of having to re-teach users but not for technical reasons (the new UI worked well in the beta).
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Additional kits were added to the product line. These include
Portable Distributed Objects (PDO), which allow easy
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31:
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912:
322:
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1989:
Support for m68k, i486, and SPARC architectures, and OpenStep for
Windows, under OPENSTEP Enterprise (NT only).
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744:
293:
89:
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on
October 12, 1988. The first full release, NeXTSTEP 1.0, shipped on September 18, 1989. It was updated to
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made the NeXTSTEP application
Virtuoso, version 2 of which was ported to Mac OS and Windows to become
1240:. OpenStep and its applications can run on multiple underlying operating systems, including OPENSTEP,
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Very different user interface. Notable as being a precursor of many ideas later introduced in the
1054:
with the
Macintosh user environment to create Mac OS X. All of Apple's subsequent platforms since
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2822:
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1100:
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572:
479:
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4694:
4689:
4684:
4679:
1636:
2485:"NeXT Ships NeXTSTEP Release 3.0, Third Generation of the Complete Object-Oriented Environment"
1147:
concepts which became common in other operating systems: 3D chiseled widgets, large full-color
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1803:
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1151:, system-wide drag and drop of a wide range of objects beyond file icons, system-wide piped
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864:
794:
759:
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587:
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now common to web browsers originated in NeXTSTEP conventions. The basic layout options of
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1313:
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NeXT separated the underlying operating system from the application frameworks, producing
1016:
957:
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774:
754:
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684:
494:
449:
220:
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987:, in the late 1980s and early 1990s and was initially used for its range of proprietary
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1200:. A preview release of NeXTSTEP (version 0.8) was shown with the launch of the
58:
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2686:
2543:"Andrew's Simple Guide to running NeXTSTEP/OpenStep Apps on Mac OS X Server"
1815:
1676:
1297:
1208:
in NeXTSTEP 3.0. The last version, 3.3, was released in early 1995, for the
1012:
874:
804:
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689:
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49:
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2712:
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2007:
1965:
1795:
1660:
1474:
1466:
1439:
1435:
1427:'s Friends and Family calling plan program was developed using NeXTSTEP.
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17:
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2507:
2376:(Press release). Apple Computer, Inc. December 20, 1996. Archived from
1969:
1949:
1881:
1779:
1562:
1496:
1486:
1354:
1273:
622:
346:
338:
245:
135:
2277:"Roads and Crossroads of Internet History Chapter 4: Birth of the Web"
1469:
for Mach" operating system, and developing the OpenStep API to become
1465:
acquired NeXT on February 4, 1997, for $ 429 million. Based upon the "
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4605:
4553:
4548:
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4538:
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3011:
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1408:
1329:
1.0 and 2.0 are attributable to those features of NeXT's Text class.
1269:
1249:
627:
334:
131:
2040:. For example, they can still be used as remote display via NXHost.
2064:, the method of directory browsing that NeXTSTEP's File Viewer uses
1708:, internationalization improvements. New machines with 2.1 include
1430:
About the time of the release of NeXTSTEP 3.2, NeXT partnered with
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2344:"Water Utility Consultants | Water Utility Consulting by StepWise"
1961:
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241:
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123:
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2006:
Pre-release 2 circulated to limited number of developers before
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103:
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2578:
BYTE Magazine 14–03, Object Oriented Programming with NextStep
1705:
1478:
1423:, were developed using NeXTSTEP. The software that controlled
1265:
1219:
1144:
976:
330:
279:
127:
2036:, these are arguably closer to NeXTSTEP and OPENSTEP than to
1256:
for x86 and PowerPC. NeXTSTEP's direct descendant is Apple's
1143:. NeXTSTEP originated or innovated a large number of other
2374:"Apple Computer, Inc. Agrees to Acquire NeXT Software Inc"
2251:"Jesse Tayler talks App Store and NeXTSTEP with AppStorey"
2403:
Apple Confidential: The Real Story of Apple Computer, Inc
2581:
2291:"Tim Berners-Lee: WorldWideWeb, the first Web client"
4921:
4862:
4823:
4792:
4716:
4665:
4564:
4447:
4408:
4346:
4204:
4149:
4058:
4011:
3968:
3865:
3855:
3809:
3768:
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3582:
3534:
3525:
3453:
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2905:
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314:
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229:
219:
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178:
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145:
114:
99:
83:
71:
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2446:
2400:
1405:were developed on NeXT hardware using id's tools.
1170:, in a consistent manner across all applications.
1461:Following an announcement on December 20, 1996,
1196:NeXTSTEP was built upon Mach and BSD, initially
1117:(OO) application layer, including several "kits"
1415:version 4. The modern "Notebook" interface for
1302:
1046:acquired NeXT. Apple needed a successor to the
2566:Video of Steve Jobs Demoing NeXTSTEP Release 3
1898:. The Developer CD includes libraries for all
1252:while assimilated into Apple's development of
4120:
3430:
2823:
2597:
934:
8:
1300:were all invented on the NeXTSTEP platform.
42:
2323:"Why OS X is on the iPhone, but not the PC"
1906:on any architecture for all architectures.
1372:on NeXT machines. Other games based on the
1058:were then based on Mac OS X (later renamed
4868:
4829:
4789:
4722:
4662:
4570:
4453:
4414:
4210:
4127:
4113:
4105:
4082:
3862:
3765:
3531:
3437:
3423:
3415:
2902:
2830:
2816:
2808:
2645:
2604:
2590:
2582:
1364:, and their respective level editors were
941:
927:
353:
48:
41:
1503:implementation of the OpenStep standard.
1510:
2162:
2160:
2079:
1015:" concept. It is the platform on which
995:. It was later ported to several other
361:
1346:In the 1990s, the pioneering PC games
1082:) is a combination of several parts:
7:
3397:
2792:
2523:"NextStep 4 Beta demo video, part 2"
2503:"NextStep 4 Beta demo video, part 1"
2456:[NeXT software] (in French).
2350:. September 12, 2012. Archived from
1120:development tools for the OO layers.
2468:"NeXTSTEP 2.0 Release Notes (User)"
2020:August 31, 1997 - October 27, 2000
1166:, internationalization, and modern
118:Historic as original code base for
27:Operating system from NeXT Computer
1964:architectures. Initial Release of
1952:architecture dropped. Support for
1103:and a proprietary windowing engine
201:4.2 Pre-release 2 / September 1997
25:
5030:Object-oriented operating systems
2169:"What's with all the NeXT names?"
4091:
4090:
4081:
3396:
3385:
3384:
2791:
2782:
2781:
2193:Engel, Tomi (January 11, 2000).
1602:NeXT 0.9/1.0 Release Description
126:, which in turn was the base of
57:
4954:Mac OS X Server version history
3383:indicate discontinued systems.
1419:, and the advanced spreadsheet
5040:Window-based operating systems
5015:Discontinued operating systems
5010:Berkeley Software Distribution
1637:Photo of NeXTSTEP 1.0a MO disc
1127:It introduced the idea of the
1090:operating system based on the
1011:, a forerunner of the modern "
382:Transition to Intel processors
1:
3786:AIX for Apple Network Servers
2305:"Apple-NeXT Merger Birthday!"
2219:Singh, Amit (December 2003).
2113:"Apple-NeXT Merger Birthday!"
1890:Delivered on 2 CDs: NeXTSTEP
1473:, Apple created the basis of
1248:. In 1997, it was updated to
1788:Object Linking and Embedding
1179:Enterprise Objects Framework
425:Rhapsody (Developer Release)
3368:Windows Subsystem for Linux
2399:Linzmayer, Owen W. (1999).
1921:m68k, i386, SPARC, PA-RISC
1877:m68k, i386, SPARC, PA-RISC
1070:NeXTSTEP (also stylized as
387:Transition to Apple silicon
5056:
1902:, so that programs can be
1843:architecture, introducing
1050:, and merged NeXTSTEP and
1027:developed the video games
29:
4944:
4871:
4851:Forks from tvOS with 13.4
4832:
4788:
4725:
4661:
4573:
4456:
4417:
4213:
4079:
3376:
3362:Windows Services for UNIX
3317:Microsoft POSIX subsystem
2856:
2777:
2643:
1763:
1549:
122:, which was the base for
56:
47:
4985:denote upcoming products
4400:10.6 Snow Leopard Server
2058:, from NeXTSTEP to macOS
1561:of William Shakespeare,
65:graphical user interface
4979:audioOS version history
4974:watchOS version history
4271:OS X 10.8 Mountain Lion
3639:Mac OS X 10.0 (Cheetah)
2429:"GNUStep: Introduction"
2088:"Electronic AppWrapper"
2010:and Apple acquisition.
1442:was released for Sun's
850:Remote Install Mac OS X
765:Bluetooth File Exchange
164:September 18, 1989
4969:iPadOS version history
2733:NeXT MegaPixel Display
2139:"GameTales: Cray 6400"
1839:First release for the
1319:
1215:based NeXT computers,
997:computer architectures
991:computers such as the
979:. It was developed by
166:; 35 years ago
4949:macOS version history
4436:Forks from iOS with 4
3801:PowerOpen Environment
3445:Operating systems by
3356:UserLAnd Technologies
1776:Interactive RenderMan
1333:Lighthouse Design Ltd
1260:, which then yielded
4959:tvOS version history
3679:10.8 (Mountain Lion)
3351:UNIX System Services
2850:compatibility layers
2637:John Patrick Crecine
2329:. January 24, 2007.
2195:"OpenStep Confusion"
2167:Ford, Kevin (2008).
1520:Distribution medium
1477:, and eventually of
1110:language and runtime
1005:application software
480:Mountain Lion (10.8)
435:Kodiak (Public Beta)
402:List of applications
234:Motorola 68030/68040
30:For other uses, see
4964:iOS version history
4395:10.5 Leopard Server
3751:Mac OS X Server 1.0
3704:10.13 (High Sierra)
3669:10.6 (Snow Leopard)
3549:Systems 2, 3, and 4
3078:Other distributions
2620:Corporate directors
2407:. No Starch Press.
2221:"What is Mac OS X?"
2119:. December 20, 2006
2032:Released after the
1808:precompiled headers
1792:Distributed Objects
1646:September 18, 1990
1413:Macromedia FreeHand
1403:Rogue Entertainment
1164:graphics primitives
835:Migration Assistant
665:Notification Center
505:High Sierra (10.13)
470:Snow Leopard (10.6)
357:Part of a series on
44:
4296:macOS 10.12 Sierra
3694:10.11 (El Capitan)
2738:NeXT Laser Printer
2145:. January 31, 2010
2068:NeXT character set
2003:m68k, i386, SPARC
1994:4.2 Pre-release 2
1986:m68k, i386, SPARC
1945:m68k, i386, SPARC
1784:PostScript Level 2
1755:September 8, 1992
1323:keyboard shortcuts
1321:Some features and
1101:Display PostScript
1019:created the first
956:is a discontinued
860:System Information
855:System Preferences
845:ODBC Administrator
785:DigitalColor Meter
495:El Capitan (10.11)
4992:
4991:
4917:
4916:
4913:
4912:
4909:
4908:
4858:
4857:
4819:
4818:
4815:
4814:
4712:
4711:
4708:
4707:
4443:
4442:
4301:10.13 High Sierra
4256:10.6 Snow Leopard
4143:operating systems
4102:
4101:
4054:
4053:
4024:Apple TV Software
3851:
3850:
3847:
3846:
3412:
3411:
3262:
3261:
2846:operating systems
2805:
2804:
2769:Interface Builder
2747:Software products
2701:Hardware products
2560:NeXTComputers.org
2491:on July 18, 2011.
2311:on March 5, 2007.
2044:
2043:
2034:Apple acquisition
1537:October 12, 1988
1316:, 2 November 1995
1183:object-relational
1175:remote invocation
1131:(carried through
951:
950:
790:Directory Utility
708:
636:
430:Hera (Server 1.0)
352:
351:
16:(Redirected from
5047:
4869:
4830:
4790:
4723:
4663:
4571:
4454:
4415:
4286:10.11 El Capitan
4211:
4129:
4122:
4115:
4106:
4094:
4093:
4085:
4084:
3863:
3766:
3714:10.15 (Catalina)
3689:10.10 (Yosemite)
3684:10.9 (Mavericks)
3532:
3439:
3432:
3425:
3416:
3400:
3399:
3388:
3387:
2903:
2832:
2825:
2818:
2809:
2795:
2794:
2785:
2784:
2649:
2648:
2606:
2599:
2592:
2583:
2567:
2547:
2546:
2539:
2533:
2532:
2519:
2513:
2512:
2499:
2493:
2492:
2487:. Archived from
2481:
2475:
2474:
2472:
2464:
2458:
2457:
2454:"Logiciels NeXT"
2450:
2441:
2440:
2438:
2436:
2425:
2419:
2418:
2406:
2396:
2390:
2389:
2387:
2385:
2380:on March 1, 1997
2370:
2364:
2363:
2361:
2359:
2354:on April 7, 2006
2340:
2334:
2333:
2319:
2313:
2312:
2307:. Archived from
2301:
2295:
2294:
2287:
2281:
2280:
2273:
2267:
2266:
2264:
2262:
2257:. April 11, 2016
2247:
2241:
2240:
2238:
2236:
2227:. Archived from
2216:
2210:
2209:
2207:
2205:
2190:
2184:
2183:
2181:
2179:
2164:
2155:
2154:
2152:
2150:
2135:
2129:
2128:
2126:
2124:
2109:
2103:
2102:
2100:
2098:
2084:
1948:Support for the
1880:Support for the
1743:Support for the
1722:MO disc, CD-ROM
1700:Support for the
1694:MO disc, CD-ROM
1655:Support for the
1649:MO disc, CD-ROM
1511:
1432:Sun Microsystems
1317:
1296:, and the first
1233:-based systems.
965:operating system
943:
936:
929:
870:Universal Access
795:DiskImageMounter
760:Audio MIDI Setup
745:Activity Monitor
702:
630:
515:Catalina (10.15)
490:Yosemite (10.10)
485:Mavericks (10.9)
354:
206:Marketing target
191:
189:
174:
172:
167:
61:
52:
45:
39:Operating system
21:
5055:
5054:
5050:
5049:
5048:
5046:
5045:
5044:
4995:
4994:
4993:
4988:
4981:
4940:
4923:
4905:
4854:
4811:
4784:
4704:
4657:
4560:
4439:
4404:
4349:
4342:
4200:
4145:
4133:
4103:
4098:
4075:
4050:
4007:
3964:
3843:
3805:
3757:
3578:
3521:
3449:
3443:
3413:
3408:
3372:
3269:
3258:
3161:
3082:
3017:
2897:
2890:
2852:
2836:
2806:
2801:
2773:
2742:
2696:
2650:
2646:
2641:
2615:
2610:
2565:
2556:
2551:
2550:
2541:
2540:
2536:
2521:
2520:
2516:
2501:
2500:
2496:
2483:
2482:
2478:
2470:
2466:
2465:
2461:
2452:
2451:
2444:
2434:
2432:
2427:
2426:
2422:
2415:
2398:
2397:
2393:
2383:
2381:
2372:
2371:
2367:
2357:
2355:
2342:
2341:
2337:
2327:Roughly Drafted
2321:
2320:
2316:
2303:
2302:
2298:
2289:
2288:
2284:
2275:
2274:
2270:
2260:
2258:
2249:
2248:
2244:
2234:
2232:
2231:on May 14, 2012
2218:
2217:
2213:
2203:
2201:
2192:
2191:
2187:
2177:
2175:
2166:
2165:
2158:
2148:
2146:
2137:
2136:
2132:
2122:
2120:
2111:
2110:
2106:
2096:
2094:
2086:
2085:
2081:
2076:
2052:
1997:September 1997
1768:Project Builder
1691:March 25, 1991
1667:). Support for
1555:Digital Webster
1509:
1507:Release history
1385:and its sequel
1318:
1314:Robert Cailliau
1312:
1306:Tim Berners-Lee
1286:
1194:
1115:object-oriented
1068:
1023:, and on which
1017:Tim Berners-Lee
958:object-oriented
947:
918:
917:
888:
880:
879:
840:Network Utility
830:Keychain Access
755:Archive Utility
750:AirPort Utility
740:
732:
731:
705:version history
553:
545:
544:
420:
412:
411:
372:
288:
221:Package manager
187:
185:
170:
168:
165:
161:Initial release
67:
40:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5053:
5051:
5043:
5042:
5037:
5032:
5027:
5022:
5017:
5012:
5007:
4997:
4996:
4990:
4989:
4987:
4986:
4976:
4971:
4966:
4961:
4956:
4951:
4945:
4942:
4941:
4939:
4938:
4933:
4927:
4925:
4919:
4918:
4915:
4914:
4911:
4910:
4907:
4906:
4904:
4903:
4898:
4893:
4888:
4883:
4878:
4872:
4866:
4860:
4859:
4856:
4855:
4853:
4852:
4849:
4844:
4839:
4833:
4827:
4821:
4820:
4817:
4816:
4813:
4812:
4810:
4809:
4804:
4798:
4796:
4786:
4785:
4783:
4782:
4777:
4772:
4767:
4762:
4757:
4752:
4747:
4742:
4737:
4732:
4726:
4720:
4714:
4713:
4710:
4709:
4706:
4705:
4703:
4702:
4697:
4692:
4687:
4682:
4677:
4671:
4669:
4659:
4658:
4656:
4655:
4654:
4653:
4648:
4643:
4638:
4633:
4628:
4623:
4618:
4613:
4608:
4600:
4599:
4598:
4593:
4588:
4583:
4574:
4568:
4562:
4561:
4559:
4558:
4557:
4556:
4551:
4546:
4541:
4536:
4531:
4526:
4521:
4516:
4511:
4506:
4501:
4496:
4491:
4486:
4478:
4477:
4476:
4471:
4466:
4457:
4451:
4445:
4444:
4441:
4440:
4438:
4437:
4434:
4429:
4424:
4418:
4412:
4406:
4405:
4403:
4402:
4397:
4392:
4387:
4385:10.3 (Panther)
4382:
4377:
4372:
4370:10.0 (Cheetah)
4367:
4366:
4365:
4354:
4352:
4344:
4343:
4341:
4340:
4339:
4338:
4333:
4328:
4323:
4318:
4313:
4311:10.15 Catalina
4308:
4303:
4298:
4290:
4289:
4288:
4283:
4281:10.10 Yosemite
4278:
4276:10.9 Mavericks
4273:
4265:
4264:
4263:
4258:
4253:
4248:
4243:
4238:
4233:
4228:
4226:10.0 (Cheetah)
4223:
4214:
4208:
4202:
4201:
4199:
4198:
4196:Classic Mac OS
4193:
4188:
4187:
4186:
4176:
4171:
4166:
4161:
4155:
4153:
4147:
4146:
4134:
4132:
4131:
4124:
4117:
4109:
4100:
4099:
4080:
4077:
4076:
4074:
4073:
4068:
4062:
4060:
4056:
4055:
4052:
4051:
4049:
4048:
4043:
4038:
4033:
4028:
4027:
4026:
4015:
4013:
4009:
4008:
4006:
4005:
4000:
3995:
3990:
3985:
3980:
3974:
3972:
3966:
3965:
3963:
3962:
3957:
3952:
3947:
3942:
3937:
3932:
3927:
3922:
3917:
3912:
3907:
3902:
3897:
3892:
3887:
3882:
3877:
3871:
3869:
3860:
3853:
3852:
3849:
3848:
3845:
3844:
3842:
3841:
3836:
3835:
3834:
3824:
3819:
3813:
3811:
3807:
3806:
3804:
3803:
3798:
3793:
3788:
3783:
3778:
3772:
3770:
3763:
3762:Other projects
3759:
3758:
3756:
3755:
3754:
3753:
3743:
3742:
3741:
3736:
3731:
3726:
3721:
3716:
3711:
3709:10.14 (Mojave)
3706:
3701:
3699:10.12 (Sierra)
3696:
3691:
3686:
3681:
3676:
3671:
3666:
3664:10.5 (Leopard)
3661:
3656:
3654:10.3 (Panther)
3651:
3646:
3641:
3633:
3632:
3631:
3630:
3629:
3616:
3615:
3614:
3609:
3604:
3599:
3588:
3586:
3580:
3579:
3577:
3576:
3571:
3566:
3561:
3556:
3551:
3546:
3540:
3538:
3536:Classic Mac OS
3529:
3523:
3522:
3520:
3519:
3518:
3517:
3512:
3502:
3501:
3500:
3490:
3489:
3488:
3483:
3478:
3467:
3465:
3451:
3450:
3444:
3442:
3441:
3434:
3427:
3419:
3410:
3409:
3407:
3406:
3394:
3377:
3374:
3373:
3371:
3370:
3365:
3358:
3353:
3348:
3341:
3334:
3327:
3320:
3313:
3306:
3299:
3292:
3285:
3280:
3274:
3272:
3264:
3263:
3260:
3259:
3257:
3256:
3251:
3244:
3239:
3232:
3231:
3230:
3218:
3211:
3204:
3199:
3194:
3193:
3192:
3182:
3177:
3169:
3167:
3163:
3162:
3160:
3159:
3152:
3145:
3144:
3143:
3138:
3126:
3121:
3114:
3109:
3104:
3096:
3094:
3084:
3083:
3081:
3080:
3075:
3070:
3065:
3060:
3055:
3050:
3045:
3040:
3035:
3029:
3027:
3019:
3018:
3016:
3015:
3008:
3001:
2994:
2987:
2986:
2985:
2980:
2975:
2970:
2965:
2960:
2955:
2945:
2944:
2943:
2938:
2933:
2928:
2915:
2913:
2900:
2892:
2891:
2889:
2888:
2883:
2878:
2873:
2868:
2863:
2857:
2854:
2853:
2837:
2835:
2834:
2827:
2820:
2812:
2803:
2802:
2800:
2799:
2789:
2778:
2775:
2774:
2772:
2771:
2766:
2761:
2756:
2750:
2748:
2744:
2743:
2741:
2740:
2735:
2730:
2725:
2720:
2718:NeXTcube Turbo
2715:
2710:
2704:
2702:
2698:
2697:
2695:
2694:
2689:
2684:
2679:
2674:
2672:Joanna Hoffman
2669:
2664:
2658:
2656:
2652:
2651:
2644:
2642:
2640:
2639:
2634:
2629:
2623:
2621:
2617:
2616:
2611:
2609:
2608:
2601:
2594:
2586:
2580:
2579:
2573:
2562:
2555:
2554:External links
2552:
2549:
2548:
2534:
2514:
2494:
2476:
2459:
2442:
2420:
2413:
2391:
2365:
2335:
2314:
2296:
2282:
2268:
2242:
2211:
2185:
2156:
2130:
2104:
2078:
2077:
2075:
2072:
2071:
2070:
2065:
2062:Miller Columns
2059:
2056:Bundle (macOS)
2051:
2048:
2042:
2041:
2030:
2027:
2026:i386, PowerPC
2024:
2021:
2018:
2012:
2011:
2004:
2001:
1998:
1995:
1991:
1990:
1987:
1984:
1981:
1978:
1974:
1973:
1946:
1943:
1940:
1937:
1933:
1932:
1922:
1919:
1916:
1913:
1909:
1908:
1904:cross-compiled
1878:
1875:
1872:
1871:February 1995
1869:
1865:
1864:
1862:
1859:
1856:
1853:
1849:
1848:
1837:
1834:
1831:
1828:
1824:
1823:
1820:Novell NetWare
1780:Pantone colors
1765:
1762:
1759:
1756:
1753:
1749:
1748:
1741:
1738:
1735:
1733:
1729:
1728:
1726:
1723:
1720:
1718:
1714:
1713:
1698:
1695:
1692:
1689:
1685:
1684:
1681:color graphics
1653:
1650:
1647:
1644:
1640:
1639:
1634:
1631:
1628:
1625:
1621:
1620:
1618:
1615:
1612:
1609:
1605:
1604:
1599:
1596:
1593:
1590:
1586:
1585:
1583:
1580:
1577:
1574:
1570:
1569:
1559:Complete Works
1551:
1548:
1543:
1538:
1535:
1531:
1530:
1527:
1524:
1521:
1518:
1515:
1508:
1505:
1463:Apple Computer
1393:Raven Software
1310:
1285:
1282:
1193:
1190:
1157:Motorola 56000
1122:
1121:
1118:
1111:
1104:
1098:
1067:
1064:
1048:classic Mac OS
1044:Apple Computer
949:
948:
946:
945:
938:
931:
923:
920:
919:
916:
915:
910:
905:
900:
895:
893:Classic Mac OS
889:
886:
885:
882:
881:
878:
877:
872:
867:
862:
857:
852:
847:
842:
837:
832:
827:
822:
817:
812:
807:
802:
797:
792:
787:
782:
780:Crash Reporter
777:
772:
767:
762:
757:
752:
747:
741:
738:
737:
734:
733:
730:
729:
724:
719:
714:
709:
697:
692:
687:
682:
677:
672:
667:
662:
657:
652:
647:
642:
637:
625:
620:
615:
610:
605:
600:
595:
590:
585:
580:
575:
570:
565:
560:
554:
551:
550:
547:
546:
543:
542:
537:
532:
527:
522:
517:
512:
510:Mojave (10.14)
507:
502:
500:Sierra (10.12)
497:
492:
487:
482:
477:
472:
467:
465:Leopard (10.5)
462:
457:
455:Panther (10.3)
452:
447:
442:
440:Cheetah (10.0)
437:
432:
427:
421:
418:
417:
414:
413:
410:
409:
404:
399:
394:
389:
384:
379:
373:
370:
369:
366:
365:
359:
358:
350:
349:
316:
312:
311:
303:
297:
296:
291:
289:user interface
283:
282:
277:
271:
270:
256:
249:
248:
231:
227:
226:
223:
217:
216:
207:
203:
202:
199:
193:
192:
182:
176:
175:
162:
158:
157:
147:
143:
142:
116:
112:
111:
101:
97:
96:
87:
81:
80:
75:
69:
68:
62:
54:
53:
38:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5052:
5041:
5038:
5036:
5035:Unix variants
5033:
5031:
5028:
5026:
5023:
5021:
5020:Mach (kernel)
5018:
5016:
5013:
5011:
5008:
5006:
5005:1989 software
5003:
5002:
5000:
4984:
4980:
4977:
4975:
4972:
4970:
4967:
4965:
4962:
4960:
4957:
4955:
4952:
4950:
4947:
4946:
4943:
4937:
4934:
4932:
4929:
4928:
4926:
4924:distributions
4920:
4902:
4899:
4897:
4894:
4892:
4889:
4887:
4884:
4882:
4879:
4877:
4874:
4873:
4870:
4867:
4865:
4861:
4850:
4848:
4845:
4843:
4840:
4838:
4835:
4834:
4831:
4828:
4826:
4822:
4808:
4805:
4803:
4800:
4799:
4797:
4795:
4791:
4787:
4781:
4778:
4776:
4773:
4771:
4768:
4766:
4763:
4761:
4758:
4756:
4753:
4751:
4748:
4746:
4743:
4741:
4738:
4736:
4733:
4731:
4728:
4727:
4724:
4721:
4719:
4715:
4701:
4698:
4696:
4693:
4691:
4688:
4686:
4683:
4681:
4678:
4676:
4673:
4672:
4670:
4668:
4664:
4660:
4652:
4649:
4647:
4644:
4642:
4639:
4637:
4634:
4632:
4629:
4627:
4624:
4622:
4619:
4617:
4614:
4612:
4609:
4607:
4604:
4603:
4601:
4597:
4594:
4592:
4589:
4587:
4584:
4582:
4579:
4578:
4576:
4575:
4572:
4569:
4567:
4563:
4555:
4552:
4550:
4547:
4545:
4542:
4540:
4537:
4535:
4532:
4530:
4527:
4525:
4522:
4520:
4517:
4515:
4512:
4510:
4507:
4505:
4502:
4500:
4497:
4495:
4492:
4490:
4487:
4485:
4482:
4481:
4479:
4475:
4472:
4470:
4467:
4465:
4462:
4461:
4459:
4458:
4455:
4452:
4450:
4446:
4435:
4433:
4430:
4428:
4425:
4423:
4420:
4419:
4416:
4413:
4411:
4407:
4401:
4398:
4396:
4393:
4391:
4388:
4386:
4383:
4381:
4380:10.2 (Jaguar)
4378:
4376:
4373:
4371:
4368:
4364:
4361:
4360:
4359:
4356:
4355:
4353:
4351:
4345:
4337:
4334:
4332:
4329:
4327:
4324:
4322:
4319:
4317:
4314:
4312:
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4071:iPod software
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3724:12 (Monterey)
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3649:10.2 (Jaguar)
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3268:Compatibility
3265:
3255:
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3245:
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3240:
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3237:
3236:Research Unix
3233:
3229:
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3227:BlackBerry 10
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2950:
2949:
2946:
2942:
2941:DragonFly BSD
2939:
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2736:
2734:
2731:
2729:
2728:NeXTdimension
2726:
2724:
2721:
2719:
2716:
2714:
2711:
2709:
2708:NeXT Computer
2706:
2705:
2703:
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2618:
2614:
2607:
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2600:
2595:
2593:
2588:
2587:
2584:
2577:
2576:The Next Step
2574:
2572:
2568:
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2561:
2558:
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2449:
2447:
2443:
2431:. GNUStep.org
2430:
2424:
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2414:9781886411289
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2230:
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2222:
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2204:September 21,
2200:
2196:
2189:
2186:
2174:
2173:www.kevra.org
2170:
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2019:
2017:
2014:
2013:
2009:
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2002:
1999:
1996:
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1992:
1988:
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1980:January 1997
1979:
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1963:
1959:
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1900:architectures
1897:
1894:and NeXTSTEP
1893:
1887:
1883:
1879:
1876:
1873:
1870:
1867:
1866:
1863:
1860:
1857:
1855:October 1993
1854:
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1830:May 25, 1993
1829:
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1821:
1817:
1813:
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1797:
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1777:
1774:support with
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1702:NeXTdimension
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1550:4.3BSD-Tahoe
1547:
1544:
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1539:
1536:
1533:
1532:
1528:
1525:
1523:Architecture
1522:
1519:
1516:
1513:
1512:
1506:
1504:
1502:
1501:free software
1498:
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1492:
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1202:NeXT Computer
1199:
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1038:
1037:
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1026:
1022:
1018:
1014:
1010:
1009:digital media
1006:
1000:
998:
994:
990:
986:
983:, founded by
982:
981:NeXT Computer
978:
974:
970:
967:based on the
966:
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820:Image Capture
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559:
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549:
548:
541:
538:
536:
533:
531:
528:
526:
525:Monterey (12)
523:
521:
518:
516:
513:
511:
508:
506:
503:
501:
498:
496:
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491:
488:
486:
483:
481:
478:
476:
473:
471:
468:
466:
463:
461:
458:
456:
453:
451:
450:Jaguar (10.2)
448:
446:
443:
441:
438:
436:
433:
431:
428:
426:
423:
422:
416:
415:
408:
407:List of games
405:
403:
400:
398:
397:Built-in apps
395:
393:
390:
388:
385:
383:
380:
378:
375:
374:
368:
367:
364:
360:
356:
355:
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328:
324:
320:
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310:
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278:
276:
272:
268:
264:
260:
257:
254:
250:
247:
243:
239:
235:
232:
228:
225:Installer.app
224:
222:
218:
215:
211:
208:
204:
200:
198:
197:Final preview
194:
183:
181:
180:Final release
177:
163:
159:
155:
151:
150:Closed source
148:
144:
141:
137:
133:
129:
125:
121:
117:
115:Working state
113:
109:
105:
102:
98:
95:
91:
88:
86:
82:
79:
76:
74:
70:
66:
60:
55:
51:
46:
37:
33:
19:
4982:
4577:TV Software
4390:10.4 (Tiger)
4306:10.14 Mojave
4251:10.5 Leopard
4241:10.3 Panther
4173:
3739:15 (Sequoia)
3729:13 (Ventura)
3719:11 (Big Sur)
3659:10.4 (Tiger)
3596:
3401:
3389:
3380:
3360:
3343:
3336:
3329:
3322:
3315:
3308:
3301:
3294:
3287:
3246:
3234:
3225:
3213:
3206:
3172:
3154:
3147:
3133:
3116:
3099:
3088:
3087:
3022:
3010:
3003:
2997:
2996:
2989:
2918:
2907:
2906:
2861:Architecture
2753:
2662:Susan Barnes
2655:Team members
2537:
2526:
2517:
2506:
2497:
2489:the original
2479:
2462:
2433:. Retrieved
2423:
2402:
2394:
2382:. Retrieved
2378:the original
2368:
2356:. Retrieved
2352:the original
2348:Stepwise.com
2347:
2338:
2330:
2326:
2317:
2309:the original
2299:
2285:
2271:
2259:. Retrieved
2254:
2245:
2233:. Retrieved
2229:the original
2224:
2214:
2202:. Retrieved
2198:
2188:
2178:September 7,
2176:. Retrieved
2172:
2147:. Retrieved
2142:
2133:
2121:. Retrieved
2116:
2107:
2097:November 22,
2095:. Retrieved
2091:
2082:
2045:
1929:
1889:
1845:fat binaries
1804:Indexing Kit
1764:4.3BSD-Reno
1710:Lotus Improv
1495:
1460:
1429:
1421:Lotus Improv
1407:
1396:
1386:
1380:
1374:
1359:
1353:
1347:
1345:
1336:
1335:. developed
1331:
1320:
1303:
1294:WorldWideWeb
1287:
1235:
1213:68000 family
1198:4.3BSD-Tahoe
1195:
1172:
1162:), advanced
1126:
1123:
1079:
1075:
1071:
1069:
1041:
1034:
1028:
1001:
962:multitasking
953:
952:
902:
800:Disk Utility
727:Time Machine
552:Applications
540:Sequoia (15)
530:Ventura (13)
520:Big Sur (11)
460:Tiger (10.4)
392:Architecture
315:Succeeded by
146:Source model
108:4.3BSD-Tahoe
36:
4410:TV Software
4375:10.1 (Puma)
4321:12 Monterey
4236:10.2 Jaguar
4231:10.1 (Puma)
4221:Public Beta
3875:iPhone OS 1
3859:derivatives
3734:14 (Sonoma)
3674:10.7 (Lion)
3644:10.1 (Puma)
3612:Public Beta
3324:MKS Toolkit
3135:OpenSolaris
2723:NeXTstation
2692:Bud Tribble
2667:George Crow
2225:osxbook.com
2199:Object Farm
1861:m68k, i386
1836:m68k, i386
1745:NeXTstation
1669:floppy disk
1657:NeXTstation
1452:Mach kernel
1434:to develop
1417:Mathematica
1370:id Software
1341:flow charts
1290:web browser
1262:iPhone OS 1
1206:4.3BSD-Reno
1108:Objective-C
1092:Mach kernel
1056:iPhone OS 1
1025:id Software
1021:web browser
989:workstation
969:Mach kernel
815:Help Viewer
670:Photo Booth
618:Game Center
535:Sonoma (14)
475:Lion (10.7)
445:Puma (10.1)
306:Proprietary
154:open-source
94:Objective-C
4999:Categories
4936:PureDarwin
4931:OpenDarwin
4460:iPhone OS
4358:1.0 (Hera)
4336:15 Sequoia
4326:13 Ventura
4316:11 Big Sur
4246:10.4 Tiger
3345:PWS/VSE-AF
3242:SerenityOS
3149:Tru64 UNIX
3124:OpenServer
2876:Philosophy
2866:Filesystem
2764:WebObjects
2682:Susan Kare
2677:Steve Jobs
2632:Ross Perot
2627:Steve Jobs
2261:January 9,
2149:October 5,
2123:October 5,
2074:References
1939:July 1996
1926:macOS Dock
1677:Fax modems
1448:Windows NT
1288:The first
1242:Windows NT
1231:HP PA-RISC
1168:typography
1139:) and the
985:Steve Jobs
603:DVD Player
598:Dictionary
573:Calculator
210:Enterprise
184:3.3 / 1995
171:1989-09-18
156:components
152:with some
85:Written in
4922:Non-Apple
4331:14 Sonoma
4261:10.7 Lion
4217:Mac OS X
4066:Newton OS
3817:Star Trek
3810:Cancelled
3493:Apple III
3476:Apple DOS
3180:Domain/OS
2896:Operating
2843:Unix-like
2687:Rich Page
2384:April 12,
2255:AppStorey
2235:April 18,
2092:Kevra.org
1912:4.0 beta
1816:AppleTalk
1553:NeXTStep
1458:systems.
1366:developed
1298:app store
1135:and into
1042:In 1996,
1013:app store
975:-derived
875:VoiceOver
825:Installer
805:Font Book
770:ColorSync
739:Utilities
695:Reminders
690:QuickTime
640:Launchpad
593:Dashboard
563:Automator
558:App Store
294:Graphical
230:Platforms
100:OS family
73:Developer
63:NeXTSTEP
32:Next Step
4794:bridgeOS
4363:Rhapsody
4348:Mac OS X
4191:Rhapsody
4179:OpenStep
4174:NeXTSTEP
4096:Category
4046:bridgeOS
4031:visionOS
3839:Vanguard
3832:Nukernel
3822:Taligent
3635:Desktop
3607:Rhapsody
3602:OpenStep
3597:NeXTSTEP
3574:Mac OS 9
3569:Mac OS 8
3564:System 7
3559:System 6
3554:System 5
3544:System 1
3515:MacWorks
3471:Apple II
3455:Apple II
3391:Category
3338:P.I.P.S.
3174:Coherent
3156:UnixWare
3090:System V
3043:ChromeOS
2998:NeXTSTEP
2983:bridgeOS
2881:Security
2787:Category
2759:OpenStep
2754:NeXTSTEP
2713:NeXTcube
2358:July 17,
2050:See also
2038:Mac OS X
2016:Rhapsody
2008:OpenStep
1966:OpenStep
1796:Database
1661:NeXTcube
1630:MO disc
1614:MO disc
1595:MO disc
1579:MO disc
1514:Version
1475:Mac OS X
1467:OPENSTEP
1440:OpenStep
1436:OpenStep
1379:such as
1337:Diagram!
1311:—
1254:Rhapsody
1238:OpenStep
1210:Motorola
1186:database
1153:services
1133:OpenStep
1080:NEXTSTEP
1076:NeXTStep
1072:NeXTstep
1066:Overview
1052:OpenStep
993:NeXTcube
971:and the
954:NeXTSTEP
908:Rhapsody
903:NeXTSTEP
865:Terminal
722:TextEdit
717:Stickies
712:Sherlock
675:Podcasts
650:Messages
608:FaceTime
588:Contacts
578:Calendar
419:Versions
371:Features
319:OpenStep
275:Userland
214:academia
43:NeXTSTEP
18:NEXTSTEP
4983:Italics
4825:audioOS
4718:watchOS
4667:audioOS
4184:GNUstep
4151:History
4140:derived
4041:audioOS
4036:watchOS
3827:Copland
3796:MkLinux
3769:Shipped
3592:History
3510:Lisa OS
3403:Commons
3381:Italics
3310:MachTen
3303:Interix
3283:Darling
3254:more...
3141:Illumos
3129:Solaris
3063:Red Hat
3033:Android
2978:watchOS
2963:audioOS
2936:OpenBSD
2926:FreeBSD
2898:systems
2871:History
2797:Commons
2571:YouTube
2528:YouTube
2508:YouTube
2143:rome.ro
2117:rome.ro
2029:4.4BSD
2023:CD-ROM
2000:CD-ROM
1983:CD-ROM
1970:Windows
1950:PA-RISC
1942:CD-ROM
1918:CD-ROM
1882:PA-RISC
1874:CD-ROM
1858:CD-ROM
1833:CD-ROM
1758:CD-ROM
1737:CD-ROM
1704:board.
1563:netboot
1541:MO disc
1497:GNUstep
1487:watchOS
1444:Solaris
1382:Heretic
1355:Doom II
1274:watchOS
1246:Solaris
1192:History
1094:, plus
898:Copland
887:Related
775:Console
703: (
685:Preview
633:history
631: (
623:Grapher
377:History
347:GNUstep
339:watchOS
301:License
287:Default
246:PA-RISC
186: (
169: (
136:watchOS
4864:iPadOS
4350:Server
4292:macOS
4136:Darwin
4059:Others
4012:Others
3970:iPadOS
3776:A/ROSE
3746:Server
3622:Darwin
3481:ProDOS
3289:Eunice
3278:Cygwin
3270:layers
3197:LynxOS
3073:Ubuntu
3058:Gentoo
3053:Fedora
3048:Debian
3012:Ultrix
2968:iPadOS
2948:Darwin
2931:NetBSD
2920:386BSD
2435:May 2,
2411:
1960:, and
1818:, and
1747:Turbo
1679:, and
1673:CD-ROM
1529:Notes
1526:Basis
1489:, and
1483:iPadOS
1409:Altsys
1398:Strife
1395:, and
1377:engine
1284:Legacy
1276:, and
1270:iPadOS
1250:4.4BSD
1244:, and
1229:, and
1177:, and
1078:, and
913:Darwin
700:Safari
680:Photos
628:iTunes
613:Finder
335:iPadOS
323:Darwin
259:Hybrid
253:Kernel
132:iPadOS
120:Darwin
4602:tvOS
4267:OS X
4206:macOS
3890:iOS 4
3618:Core
3584:macOS
3486:GS/OS
3447:Apple
3248:Xenix
3215:OSF/1
3202:Minix
3166:Other
3112:HP-UX
3024:Linux
3005:SunOS
2991:DYNIX
2953:macOS
2886:Shell
2471:(PDF)
1962:SPARC
1915:1996
1886:SPARC
1802:Kit,
1800:Phone
1798:Kit,
1761:m68k
1740:m68k
1725:m68k
1717:2.1a
1697:m68k
1665:68040
1652:m68k
1633:m68k
1627:1989
1624:1.0a
1617:m68k
1611:1989
1598:m68k
1592:1988
1582:m68k
1576:1988
1573:0.8a
1517:Date
1499:is a
1471:Cocoa
1456:IA-32
1388:Hexen
1361:Quake
1258:macOS
1227:SPARC
1217:Intel
1181:, an
1149:icons
1141:Shelf
1137:macOS
1060:macOS
1036:Quake
660:Notes
655:Music
583:Chess
568:Books
363:macOS
327:macOS
242:SPARC
238:IA-32
124:macOS
5025:NeXT
4675:13.4
4566:tvOS
4480:iOS
4169:Mach
4159:Unix
4087:List
4019:tvOS
3781:A/UX
3505:Lisa
3463:Lisa
3331:PASE
3190:Hurd
3118:IRIX
3101:A/UX
3068:SUSE
3038:Arch
2973:tvOS
2848:and
2841:and
2839:Unix
2613:NeXT
2437:2013
2409:ISBN
2386:2013
2360:2013
2263:2019
2237:2011
2206:2022
2180:2009
2151:2019
2125:2019
2099:2013
1977:4.1
1968:for
1958:i486
1954:m68k
1936:4.0
1896:RISC
1892:CISC
1884:and
1868:3.3
1852:3.2
1841:i386
1827:3.1
1752:3.0
1732:2.2
1688:2.1
1643:2.0
1608:1.0
1589:0.9
1546:m68k
1534:0.8
1491:tvOS
1375:Doom
1349:Doom
1327:HTML
1278:tvOS
1129:Dock
1106:the
1088:Unix
1033:and
1030:Doom
1007:and
973:UNIX
810:Grab
645:Mail
343:tvOS
309:EULA
263:Mach
255:type
188:1995
140:tvOS
138:and
104:Unix
78:NeXT
4449:iOS
4164:BSD
3867:iOS
3857:iOS
3791:MAE
3627:XNU
3527:Mac
3498:SOS
3459:III
3296:GNV
3221:QNX
3208:MOS
3185:GNU
3107:AIX
2958:iOS
2909:BSD
2569:on
1812:HFS
1706:TeX
1567:NFS
1479:iOS
1425:MCI
1401:by
1391:by
1368:by
1266:iOS
1224:Sun
1220:x86
1160:DSP
1145:GUI
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1096:BSD
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977:BSD
331:iOS
280:BSD
267:BSD
128:iOS
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