151:(or gel point) can be adjusted down to â40 °C (â40 °F) during the manufacturing process, compared to petrodiesel's cloud point of â30 °C (â22 °F), which could improve the cloud point of diesel when blended. The cloud point is the temperature when the wax precipitates out of the fuel in the form of small wax crystals, making the fuel cloudy and more difficult to move within the fuel lines and systems of vehicles. The lower the cloud point of a particular fuel is, the more suitable it is in colder environments.
1593:
186:
protested the use of palm oil, concluding the potential for deforestation remains. According to
Greenpeace, increasing the production of palm oil reduces the available land area, so indirectly generates demand for rainforest destruction, even if the palm oil itself is rainforest-certified. Greenpeace
166:
However, the EU biofuels industry has increased its use of palm oil by 365% during the years 2006â2012, from 0.4 to 1.9 million tonnes per year, and the trend is increasing. Also note that categorising Palm Fatty Acid
Distillate, PFAD, as waste is controversial since it can be used to make e.g. soap,
244:
conducted a three-year experiment by running buses with 25% Neste
Renewable Diesel at first, and then switching to 100% in 2008. The trial, which was the largest field test of a biofuel produced from renewable raw materials worldwide, was a success: local emissions were decreased significantly, with
235:
This diesel is blended with petrodiesel. A market is created because the
European Union required 5.75% of transport fuels should be biofuels by 2010. The EU further decided on 18 December 2008, that by 2020, the share of energy from renewable sources in all forms of transportation be at least 10% of
174:
of the fuel if forest is cleared and swamps drained to make way for palm plantations. In response to this concern, Neste has joined the Round Table on
Sustainable Palm Oil (RSPO) to certify that the palm oil is produced in a carbon-neutral, environmentally responsible manner. Neste purchases most of
248:
As a result of its hydrocarbon nature, Neste
Renewable Diesel operates without problems in current diesel vehicles in all climatic conditions. It does not have any of the drawbacks of the traditional ester type FAME biodiesel, such as cold operability, 'best before' date, engine and fuel system
214:
In 2017, the share of palm oil in the feedstock has been reduced to less than 20%, being replaced by reclaimed waste oils such as used frying oil, animal and fish fat, and camelina, jatropha, soy and rapeseed oil. Use of reclaimed waste oil reduces the greenhouse gas impact by 88â91%. Neste is
104:. Catalytic isomerization into branched alkanes is then done to adjust the cloud point in order to meet winter operability requirements. As it is chemically identical to ideal conventional diesel, it requires no modification or special precautions for the engine.
38:. Whether as an admixture or in its pure form, the fuel is able to supplement or partially replace conventional diesel without problems. Neste guarantees that every gallon sold meets ASTM D975 and EN 15940 specifications in compliance with OEM standards.
252:
Neste
Renewable Diesel can be blended into diesel fuel in any ratio, whereas the use of the traditional FAME biodiesel is limited to maximum 7% by the EN 590 standard in order to avoid technical problems in engines and vehicles.
763:
236:
the final consumption of energy. Systems and regions without an electrical grid will be the long-term market for hydrotreated vegetable oils, as the EU prefers electrical use by factor 2.5. In the
Helsinki area, the
245:
particle emissions decreased by 30% and nitrogen oxide emissions by 10%, with excellent winter performance and no problems with catalytic converters. Since then, Helsinki buses have run on Neste
Renewable Diesel.
981:
Using biofuel admixtures in a higher dosage than the 7 percent currently used is now under discussion, and following a proposal by VDA, Daimler Trucks and
Daimler Buses recommend the biofuel NExBTL as an
211:, instead. However, rapeseed is a slower-growing, cold-climate source with lesser carbon-binding potential than the oil palm, making emissions from cultivation and transport proportionally more severe.
784:
182:
Deforestation would release carbon to the atmosphere, and reduce the overall carbon binding capacity of the land, thus it would be counterproductive with respect to the carbon balance. In 2007,
703:
116:
were brought on stream in 2007 and 2009, each with a capacity of 0.2 million tons per year. Two larger refineries, with annual production of 0.8 million tons both, were brought on stream in
167:
candles and animal fodder. In the UK PFAD is classified as a bi-product). PFAD is also omitted from sustainability requirements regarding biodiversity and high carbon stock areas (HCV).
330:
719:
755:
972:
739:
675:
875:
897:
1473:
1547:
361:
853:
454:
947:
931:
438:
1604:
810:
634:
International Institute for Sustainable Development, September 2013. The EU Biofuel Policy and Palm Oil: Cutting subsidies or cutting rainforest?
386:
700:
341:
828:
484:
1633:
1628:
1552:
658:
579:
132:
Neste has estimated that the use of NExBTL diesel cuts greenhouse gas emissions by 40 to 90 percent in comparison to fossil based diesel.
1488:
1468:
1011:
506:
Inal, Fikret; Senkan, Selim M. (2002). "Effects of oxygenate additives on polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(pahs) and soot formation".
237:
203:, forest fires and indirect generation of demand for land area. Greenpeace demands that Neste should use domestic feedstocks such as
179:, but requires a separate production chain for the RSPO-certified palm oil, in order not to create demand for rainforest destruction.
976:
411:
199:
can actually produce three to 10 times more carbon dioxide emissions than petrodiesel because of the indirect effects of clearing of
1532:
305:
1573:
1028:
562:
1578:
1515:
623:
Aluksi uusiutuvaa dieseliÀ valmistettiin 95-prosenttisesti palmuöljystÀ, mutta nyt sen osuus on laskenut alle 20 prosenttiin.
257:
736:
679:
1638:
1478:
883:
908:
699:
ZERO & REgnskogfondet (Rainforest Foundation Norway) PFAD erroneously classified. 19. February 2016. (in Norwegian).
50:
1542:
1520:
1510:
1397:
1156:
187:
noted RSPO is voluntary organization and claimed government regulation in palm oil producing countries, such as
1483:
365:
163:
was the principal (90%) feedstock, although its share was reduced to 53% by 2013 and to less than 20% by 2017.
701:
http://blogg.zero.no/wp-content/uploads/2016/03/Brev-MiljĂždirektoratet-om-PFAD-fra-ZERO-og-Regnskogfondet.pdf
1568:
1174:
928:
241:
98:
46:
1127:
1004:
861:
515:
458:
390:
951:
435:
249:
deposit formation, risk for microbial growth and water pick up, engine oil dilution and deterioration.
139:
and contains no aromatics, oxygen (although oxygen would have promoted cleaner combustion) or sulfur.
1525:
1412:
1244:
192:
62:
520:
1377:
1295:
1274:
1104:
832:
492:
1372:
1337:
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1312:
1146:
1139:
1120:
533:
66:
647:
635:
583:
1648:
1643:
1597:
1249:
1087:
1067:
997:
415:
285:
171:
159:
A mix of palm oil, rapeseed oil, and waste fat from the food industry can be used. Initially,
42:
788:
1051:
525:
30:(formerly NExBTL) is a vegetable oil refining fuel production process commercialized by the
1264:
1189:
1074:
1037:
935:
743:
707:
442:
196:
607:
85:. The glycerol chain of the triglyceride is hydrogenated to the corresponding C3 alkane,
49:
and waste animal fats, not whole plants. However, fuel quality is equal to the synthetic
737:
http://www.miljodirektoratet.no/no/Nyheter/Nyheter/2016/Mars-2016/Fakta-om-biodrivstoff/
1407:
1269:
1044:
261:
70:
551:
1622:
1537:
1463:
1428:
1362:
1327:
1322:
1254:
1216:
1206:
1201:
1111:
265:
224:
537:
1387:
1382:
1226:
1221:
1097:
756:"The High Carbon Stock (HCS) approach: No deforestation in practice - Forests Asia"
220:
204:
74:
387:"Neste Oil's second renewable diesel plant commissioned at Porvoo - Neste Oil Com"
1332:
1184:
1179:
273:
148:
735:
Norwegian Environment Agency: Facts on biofuels. (in Norwegian) 3. March 2016.
436:
Neste Oil to build a NExBTL Renewable Diesel plant in Singapore - Neste Oil Com
1402:
1307:
1259:
1211:
648:"The EU Biofuel Policy and Palm Oil: Cutting subsidies or cutting rainforest?"
608:"Nesteen Lievonen: Polttoaineiden kysyntÀ kasvaa, vaikka autokanta sÀhköistyy"
529:
216:
183:
854:"Waste-based microbial oil set to become a raw material for renewable diesel"
1433:
1392:
1290:
188:
176:
121:
117:
101:
94:
93:
sidestream. This process removes oxygen from the oil; the diesel is not an
455:"Neste Oil starts up Europe's largest renewable diesel plant in Rotterdam"
1445:
1196:
1020:
929:
http://www.ytv.fi/ENG/transport/travelling_news/lo_2007_10_03_biofuel.htm
160:
90:
1367:
269:
86:
82:
31:
926:
YTV and HKL lead the way Biofuel reduces bus transportation emissions.
17:
1060:
208:
136:
113:
78:
1440:
200:
135:
Due to the chemistry of the process, the renewable diesel is pure
35:
580:"Frequently Asked Questions Heavy Duty - Diesel Fuel Filtration"
993:
636:
https://www.iisd.org/gsi/sites/default/files/bf_eupalmoil.pdf
362:"Hydrotreated Vegetable Oil (HVO) as a Renewable Diesel Fuel"
678:(in Norwegian). Norwegian Environment Agency. Archived from
989:
898:"Promotion of the use of energy from renewable sources"
785:"Neste Oil S'pore plant to buy palm oil from IOI Corp"
412:"Capacities of Neste Oil's refineries - Neste Oil Com"
1561:
1501:
1454:
1421:
1355:
1348:
1283:
1237:
1167:
1086:
1027:
268:recommend the biofuel Neste Renewable Diesel as an
552:"Optimized usage of NExBTL renewable diesel fuel"
215:continuing to look into new feedstock, including
61:Neste Renewable Diesel is produced in a patented
720:"Palm Fatty Acid Distillate (PFAD) in biofuels"
310:Neste MY Renewable Diesel: Product information
1005:
948:"Biofuel reduces local emissions efficiently"
725:. ZERO and Rainforest Foundation. 2016-02-17.
8:
1474:Indonesia Commodity and Derivatives Exchange
1548:Social and environmental impact of palm oil
356:
354:
1352:
1012:
998:
990:
876:"Neste banks on waste-based microbial oil"
65:. Chemically, it entails direct catalytic
519:
787:. Reuters UK. 2008-01-15. Archived from
364:(pdf). SAE International. Archived from
811:"KysymyksiÀ ja vastauksia palmuöljystÀ"
297:
973:"Next Stop: Fuso Aero Star Eco Hybrid"
602:
600:
7:
1553:Vegetable oils as alternative energy
479:
477:
475:
331:"NExBTL Renewable Synthetic Diesel"
1489:Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil
1469:Federal Land Development Authority
829:"New raw materials are researched"
238:Helsinki Metropolitan Area Council
25:
1533:Environmental impact of biodiesel
508:Combustion Science and Technology
191:, cannot be relied on because of
97:like traditional transesterified
1592:
1591:
664:from the original on 2018-01-29.
568:from the original on 2014-08-19.
124:in 2010 and 2011, respectively.
766:from the original on 2015-03-16
485:"Flexible mix of raw materials"
1516:Certified sustainable palm oil
831:. Nesteoil.com. Archived from
63:vegetable oil refining process
1:
1479:Malaysia Derivatives Exchange
882:. 2010-09-29. Archived from
860:. 2010-09-21. Archived from
491:. 2015-05-09. Archived from
1634:Renewable energy technology
1629:Synthetic fuel technologies
1543:Issues relating to biofuels
73:) of plant oils, which are
1665:
1521:Deforestation by continent
1511:Biofuel policy of Malaysia
1398:Kuala Lumpur Kepong Berhad
1157:Bursaphelenchus cocophilus
195:. Greenpeace also claimed
170:Palm oil may endanger the
53:BTL and GTL diesel fuels.
1587:
530:10.1080/00102200290021353
77:, into the corresponding
34:oil and refining company
28:Neste MY Renewable Diesel
1484:Malaysian Palm Oil Board
614:(in Finnish). 2017-10-04
256:Following a proposal by
41:Despite the former name
242:Helsinki City Transport
1128:Rhynchophorus palmarum
1116:Little leaf syndrome
1112:Cadang-cadang disease
880:biodieselmagazine.com
306:"Product Information"
1639:Petroleum production
1526:Southeast Asian haze
1413:Wilmar International
1245:Biodiesel production
1135:Oil palm bunch moth
338:climatechange.ca.gov
193:political corruption
1422:Buyers / processors
1378:Equatorial Palm Oil
1275:Transesterification
1105:Ganoderma orbiforme
676:"Facts on biofuels"
45:, the feedstock is
1373:Carson Cumberbatch
1318:Girl Scout Cookies
1313:Cellulosic ethanol
1154:Red ring disease (
1147:Tirathaba rufivena
1140:Tirathaba mundella
1121:Oryctes rhinoceros
934:2007-12-12 at the
742:2016-03-07 at the
706:2016-10-08 at the
441:2013-06-19 at the
175:its palm oil from
112:Two refineries in
67:hydrodeoxygenation
1616:
1615:
1502:Policies, impacts
1497:
1496:
1250:Fat hydrogenation
286:Biomass to liquid
172:carbon neutrality
16:(Redirected from
1656:
1595:
1594:
1457:non-governmental
1353:
1102:Basal stem rot (
1014:
1007:
1000:
991:
985:
984:
975:. Archived from
969:
963:
962:
960:
959:
950:. Archived from
944:
938:
922:
916:
915:
913:
907:. Archived from
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894:
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582:. Archived from
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541:
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481:
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469:
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457:. Archived from
451:
445:
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414:. Archived from
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401:
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389:. Archived from
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349:
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340:. Archived from
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21:
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1417:
1344:
1279:
1233:
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1089:
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1023:
1018:
988:
979:on 2008-12-04.
971:
970:
966:
957:
955:
946:
945:
941:
936:Wayback Machine
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521:10.1.1.524.1105
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443:Wayback Machine
434:
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282:
233:
197:palm oil diesel
157:
145:
130:
114:Porvoo, Finland
110:
59:
51:Fischer-Tropsch
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
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1455:Governmental /
1452:
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1448:
1443:
1438:
1437:
1436:
1425:
1423:
1419:
1418:
1416:
1415:
1410:
1408:TH Plantations
1405:
1400:
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1380:
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1305:
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1278:
1277:
1272:
1270:Saponification
1267:
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1024:
1019:
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1016:
1009:
1002:
994:
987:
986:
964:
939:
917:
914:on 2012-10-23.
889:
886:on 2017-12-28.
867:
864:on 2010-11-26.
845:
820:
815:greenpeace.org
801:
776:
747:
728:
711:
692:
667:
639:
627:
596:
571:
543:
498:
495:on 2013-08-19.
471:
446:
428:
403:
378:
350:
347:on 2010-04-18.
322:
296:
294:
291:
290:
289:
281:
278:
262:Daimler Trucks
232:
229:
156:
153:
144:
141:
129:
126:
109:
106:
89:â there is no
71:hydrogenolysis
58:
55:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1661:
1650:
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1570:
1567:
1566:
1564:
1560:
1554:
1551:
1549:
1546:
1544:
1541:
1539:
1538:Food vs. fuel
1536:
1534:
1531:
1527:
1524:
1523:
1522:
1519:
1517:
1514:
1512:
1509:
1508:
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1500:
1490:
1487:
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1477:
1475:
1472:
1470:
1467:
1465:
1464:FELCRA Berhad
1462:
1461:
1459:
1453:
1447:
1444:
1442:
1439:
1435:
1432:
1431:
1430:
1427:
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1414:
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1401:
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1379:
1376:
1374:
1371:
1369:
1366:
1364:
1363:Bumitama Agri
1361:
1360:
1358:
1354:
1351:
1349:Organisations
1347:
1339:
1336:
1334:
1331:
1330:
1329:
1328:Vegetable oil
1326:
1324:
1323:Oleochemicals
1321:
1319:
1316:
1314:
1311:
1309:
1306:
1302:
1299:
1297:
1294:
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1286:
1282:
1276:
1273:
1271:
1268:
1266:
1263:
1261:
1258:
1256:
1255:Fractionation
1253:
1251:
1248:
1246:
1243:
1242:
1240:
1236:
1228:
1225:
1223:
1220:
1218:
1217:palmitic acid
1215:
1213:
1210:
1208:
1207:myristic acid
1205:
1203:
1202:linoleic acid
1200:
1199:
1198:
1195:
1191:
1188:
1186:
1183:
1182:
1181:
1178:
1176:
1173:
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1159:
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1129:
1125:
1123:
1122:
1118:
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1101:
1099:
1096:
1095:
1093:
1091:
1085:
1077:
1076:
1072:
1070:
1069:
1065:
1064:
1063:
1062:
1058:
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1053:
1049:
1047:
1046:
1042:
1041:
1040:
1039:
1035:
1034:
1032:
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1026:
1022:
1015:
1010:
1008:
1003:
1001:
996:
995:
992:
983:
978:
974:
968:
965:
954:on 2013-06-10
953:
949:
943:
940:
937:
933:
930:
927:
921:
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1383:Feronia Inc.
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1222:stearic acid
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1088:Diseases and
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1068:E. guineesis
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1504:and debates
1308:Bioplastics
1185:lauric acid
1180:Palm kernel
1075:E. oleifera
1052:A. speciosa
514:(9): 1â19.
274:petrodiesel
149:cloud point
143:Cloud point
1623:Categories
1605:by country
1562:By country
1403:Sime Darby
1260:Hydrolysis
1212:oleic acid
1168:Components
982:admixture.
958:2013-06-10
839:2010-05-10
795:2008-02-07
770:2018-03-18
686:2016-03-03
618:2018-03-18
590:2007-12-01
465:2016-06-01
422:2013-04-16
397:2013-04-16
372:2010-05-10
316:2024-07-08
293:References
184:Greenpeace
155:Feedstocks
108:Production
1574:Indonesia
1434:GreenPalm
1393:IOI Group
1356:Producers
1296:by region
1291:Biodiesel
1238:Processes
1045:A. maripa
1029:Oil palms
905:europa.eu
516:CiteSeerX
270:admixture
189:Indonesia
128:Emissions
122:Rotterdam
118:Singapore
102:biodiesel
95:oxygenate
1649:Palm oil
1644:Biofuels
1598:Category
1579:Malaysia
1569:Colombia
1446:Unilever
1284:Products
1197:Palm oil
1175:Mesocarp
1021:Palm oil
932:Archived
764:Archived
740:Archived
704:Archived
659:Archived
655:iisd.org
563:Archived
561:. 2011.
538:56015797
439:Archived
280:See also
240:and the
221:jatropha
161:palm oil
91:glycerol
1368:Cargill
1333:cooking
1265:Milling
1227:stearin
1038:Attalea
87:propane
83:propane
79:alkanes
57:Process
32:Finnish
1061:Elaeis
559:vtt.fi
536:
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209:biogas
201:swamps
137:alkane
18:NExBTL
1441:Neste
1301:Neste
1090:pests
924:YTV.
912:(PDF)
901:(PDF)
723:(PDF)
662:(PDF)
651:(PDF)
566:(PDF)
555:(PDF)
534:S2CID
345:(PDF)
334:(PDF)
288:(BtL)
217:algae
36:Neste
1338:fuel
264:and
223:and
147:The
120:and
99:FAME
81:and
1429:AAK
1190:oil
526:doi
512:174
272:to
258:VDA
231:Use
207:or
177:IOI
43:BTL
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