646:
771:
4618:
241:
68:
587:
535:, the government department responsible for the app, said the data would be accessible to other organisations, but did not disclose which. Data collected would not necessarily be anonymised and would be held in a centralised repository. Over 150 of the UK's security and privacy experts warned the app's data could be used by 'a bad actor (state, private sector, or hacker)' to spy on citizens. Fears were discussed by the House of Commons' Human Rights
3865:
3112:
3918:
3105:
800:
In late July, the government responded by expanding the list of critical occupations, adding sectors including waste disposal, the food industry and transport. These workers who are close contacts of infected people are exempt from self-isolation but should take daily COVID-19 tests. Further changes
662:
reported that only one alert for an outbreak linked to a venue had been sent. After five weeks, around 29 October, there had been 19 million downloads; this was said to equate to around 40% of adults with access to a compatible smartphone, which Dido
Harding stated was "a better performance than any
3855:
3850:
761:
Privacy safeguards meant that people notified by the app to self-isolate could not claim the ÂŁ500 Test and Trace
Support Payment under the scheme which began on 28 September 2020. (The payment is made to employed people who are asked to isolate, if they cannot work at home and are receiving certain
518:, said "What we've done in really rigorously testing both our own Covid-19 app and the Google-Apple version is demonstrate that none of them are working sufficiently well enough to be actually reliable to determine whether any of us should self-isolate for two weeks that's true across the world".
332:
At first, "close contact" was defined as being within 2 metres for 15 minutes, or within 4 metres for a longer time. These time durations were reduced from 29 October 2020, to as little as three minutes when the other person is at their most infectious, i.e. soon after they begin showing symptoms.
3880:
636:
An update to the app in April 2021, timed to coincide with easing of restrictions on hospitality businesses, was blocked by Apple and Google. It was intended that users who tested positive would be asked to share their history of visited venues, to assist in warning others, but this would have
749:
At first, users found they could not enter a positive infection test into the app if the test had been arranged outside the app, such as tests carried out as part of surveys or by NHS hospitals or clinics. This issue was addressed quickly, and from 27 September users could request a code from
3913:
3098:
740:
At first there was no link between the app and those of other jurisdictions, but by
November 2020 agreements were reached to allow exchange of data with the apps used in Gibraltar, Jersey, Northern Ireland and Scotland; those apps were also based on the Apple/Google system.
731:
as well as (for the first time) the app. This resulted in a letter from the
Director General for Regulation which called for more detail to be published on the quality of statistics about the app, in view of limitations arising from the anonymity granted to app users.
54:
633:, improved the accuracy of measurements of the distance between the user's phone and other phones. At the same time, the duration threshold for determining exposure was reduced; this was expected to lead to an increase in the number of users told to self-isolate.
3875:
494:
in
Scotland – the app was not ready to be included. Replying to a question at the government's daily briefing on 8 June, Hancock was unable to give a date for rollout of the app in England, saying it would be brought in "when it's right to do so". On 17 June,
3908:
3840:
778:
During the UK's third wave of COVID-19 in June and July 2021, when social distancing rules started to be relaxed and close contacts were increasing, the number of people being notified by the app and asked to self-isolate increased sharply. The term
2103:
757:
It was reported that preparations for the update to the app in late
October uncovered a configuration error in the initial version: the threshold for the time spent near an infectious person had been too high, leading to fewer alerts to users.
3191:
3176:
3161:
550:
system. Under this system, users remain pseudonymous: a person diagnosed with COVID-19 does not know which people are informed about an encounter, and contacted persons do not receive any information about the person diagnosed with COVID-19.
3903:
3870:
3860:
3845:
3835:
3186:
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required the app to be constantly running, meaning users could not use other apps or lock their device if the app was to function properly. The developers of the app were said to have found a way of working around this restriction.
674:
million had the app fully operational (Bluetooth and notifications turned on, and location sharing enabled if applicable). At that time it was the second most-downloaded free application in the UK in the Apple App store, behind
3820:
714:, the 1.7 million exposure notifications sent by the app prevented around 600,000 cases of infection in England and Wales between its launch on 24 September 2020 and the end of December 2020. A later study published in
3702:
4064:
2701:
1939:
801:
were made on 16 August: contacts of infected people no longer have to isolate if they are under the age of 18 or if they had their second vaccine dose at least 14 days previously. Instead, they are advised to take a
4059:
1844:
3385:
526:
The first, ultimately rejected, version of the app was subject to privacy concerns, the government backtracking on initial statements that the data collected from the app would not be shared outside the NHS.
3348:
602:
at venues they visit, and later be notified if they had visited a place which was the source of a number of infections; the app would also assist with identifying symptoms and ordering a test. By using the
4588:
3954:
3716:
1777:
607:
system from Apple and Google, personal data would be decentralised. Zuhlke
Engineering Ltd, the UK branch of Swiss-based ZĂĽhlke Group, used 70 staff to complete the development of the app in 12 weeks.
947:
Wymant, Chris; Ferretti, Luca; Tsallis, Daphne; Charalambides, Marcos; Abeler-Dörner, Lucie; Bonsall, David; Hinch, Robert; Kendall, Michelle; Milsom, Luke; Ayres, Matthew; Holmes, Chris (June 2021).
3373:
3203:
3198:
1877:
598:
As outlined on cancellation of the first app on 18 June 2020, the
Department of Health and Social Care published on 30 July a brief description of the "next phase" app. Users would be able to scan a
3483:
510:
announced development would switch to the Apple/Google system after admitting that Apple's restrictions on usage of
Bluetooth prevented the app from working effectively. At the same press briefing
3685:
1813:
4094:
4089:
4084:
3402:
645:
4682:
710:, who analysed the analytical data produced by the app and created epidemiological models assessing the app's impact. It was concluded that during the first months of the second wave of the
4174:
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2622:
2055:
1744:
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in
February 2023 estimated that in its first year of use (October 2020 to September 2021) the app's contract tracing function led to around 1 million fewer cases and 9,600 fewer deaths.
1082:
3313:
3140:
3378:
2962:
4692:
3290:
3129:
1682:
309:
See the alert level of their local authority area (in Wales) or information about restrictions (in England); to enable this, the user must enter the first half of their postcode
4114:
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4104:
3941:
4074:
4069:
3390:
1931:
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The app was downloaded six million times on the first day it was generally available (24 September 2020), and after a little over three days the total exceeded 10 million.
4687:
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executive – was brought in to manage the project. In October, Thompson was replaced by Gaby Appleton, on a six-month secondment from a directorship at academic publisher
4134:
4129:
4124:
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3318:
460:
of the unwell user and the outcome would determine further notifications to contacts: if the test confirmed infection with COVID-19, the contacts would be asked to
427:
3825:
822:
2397:
Kendall, Michelle; Tsallis, Daphne; Wymant, Chris; Di Francia, Andrea; Balogun, Yakubu; Didelot, Xavier; Ferretti, Luca; Fraser, Christophe (22 February 2023).
2129:
1767:
1645:
1404:
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3692:
1351:
1867:
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3735:
3262:
3125:
2489:
1275:
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Zuhlke Engineering was awarded "Development Team of the Year" title at UK IT Industry awards in November 2021 for development of NHS COVID-19 application.
322:
Be notified when local health protection teams determine that people with the virus had attended a business or other venue around the same time as the user
770:
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3672:
3298:
1803:
2753:
4179:
3755:
3468:
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3328:
291:
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3529:
841:
and Geraint Lewis. Around 17 June, Gould and Lewis returned to their other duties, and Simon Thompson – chief product officer at online supermarket
3680:
297:
A 2023 study estimated that in its first year of use, the app's contact tracing function prevented an estimated 1 million cases, and 9,600 deaths.
4154:
3959:
3415:
3323:
3222:
3121:
1238:
818:
711:
407:
257:
31:
1995:
1734:
2047:
4677:
4573:
3627:
3090:
1901:"UK finds itself almost alone with centralized virus contact-tracing app that probably won't work well, asks for your location, may be illegal"
419:
4424:
3242:
3994:
3275:
2907:
2879:
2802:
2776:
500:
1908:
2854:
1612:
1462:
1109:"When will the NHS COVID-19 app send me an alert that I've been in 'close contact' with someone who has tested positive for coronavirus?"
578:, also linked to Cambridge Analytica, provided their data management platform. These contracts began in February and March respectively.
3595:
3590:
3575:
2234:
2970:
1673:
4008:
1840:
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The second version of the app, released nationwide, addressed these concerns by employing a decentralised framework, the Apple/Google
2911:
2078:
2514:
2288:
536:
290:. A pilot deployment began in May 2020, but on 18 June development of the app was abandoned in favour of a second design using the
1589:
3949:
3790:
724:
496:
2462:
2104:"Breaking chains of COVID-19 transmission to help people return to more normal lives: developing the NHS Test and Trace service"
754:
which they could use to log a positive result. However, the app remained unable to recognise negative results from these tests.
3989:
3585:
3534:
3338:
774:
The "pingdemic" resulted in members of the workforce going into self-isolation, contributing to stock shortages in supermarkets
540:
434:
2572:
2181:
1301:
4200:
3775:
3333:
452:. This would assess the information and notify other users that have been in contact, giving them appropriate advice such as
2648:
1972:
797:– became popular in the UK's media as many people, including the Prime Minister and other senior ministers, were affected.
626:, began around 13 August. The app was made available to the public (aged 16 or over) in England and Wales on 24 September.
3303:
3270:
3247:
342:
702:
The app's effectiveness was evaluated in a February 2021 report by a group of statisticians and epidemiologists from the
4667:
4603:
3308:
3230:
3084:
346:
140:
2313:
1055:"The Health Protection (Coronavirus, Restrictions) (Entry to Venues and Events) (England) Regulations 2021, section 21"
4485:
4446:
3974:
3750:
3745:
3617:
3280:
3235:
350:
114:
2754:"COVID-19: Iceland warns against stockpiling as Tesco, Sainsbury's, and Co-op experience shortages amid 'pingdemic'"
3740:
3607:
3430:
3252:
2675:"NHS COVID-19 app's first weekend: With fundamental testing flaw ironed out, bugs remaining are relatively trivial"
265:
168:
926:
4568:
4013:
3524:
3495:
437:. It generated a unique installation identification number and also a daily identification number. It then used
649:
Estimated numbers of cases, hospitalisations, and deaths averted as a result of contact tracing through the app.
4546:
4327:
4164:
3662:
3500:
3458:
2777:""What is the 'pingdemic'? Meaning of the term – and why the NHS Covid app has forced so many to self-isolate""
2156:
1377:
623:
445:
403:
503:, said "we're seeking to get something going before the winter ... it isn't a priority for us at the moment".
695:
million were estimated to be operational. 2022 saw a gradual but steady decline in user numbers, reaching 8.3
3969:
3473:
554:
The functionality of the app was also questioned in late April and early May 2020, as the software's use of
461:
2935:
4642:
4578:
4464:
2916:
2893:
402:
In March 2020, NHSX commissioned a contact tracing app to monitor the spread in the United Kingdom of the
2545:
4662:
4593:
3785:
2674:
1554:
716:
703:
630:
604:
575:
547:
4478:
2623:"Ed Humpherson to Lucy Vickers: Review of NHS Test and Trace (England) and NHS COVID-19 app statistics"
2597:
1529:
491:
4525:
4455:
4353:
4036:
3914:
Health Protection (Coronavirus, Restrictions) (Entry to Venues and Events) (England) Regulations 2021
3885:
3646:
3453:
2410:
960:
707:
483:
467:
By June 2020, £11.8 million had been spent on the app; in 2020–21, £35 million was spent on the app.
438:
362:
358:
316:
poster (no longer required by legislation after 26 January 2022, removed from the app the next month)
4332:
3964:
3539:
3490:
3410:
1054:
871:
788:
571:
453:
354:
319:
Be notified when they have been in close contact with someone who has tested positive for the virus
253:
210:
205:
3064:
4532:
4506:
4031:
3652:
3640:
3612:
1491:
1134:"How's it decided if I get an alert that I've been at the same venue as people with coronavirus?"
751:
728:
515:
487:
449:
386:
374:
163:
38:
4617:
2399:"Epidemiological impacts of the NHS COVID-19 app in England and Wales throughout its first year"
637:
contravened assurances by Apple and Google that location data from devices would not be shared.
3919:
Coronavirus, Restrictions (All Tiers and Self-Isolation) (England) (Amendment) Regulations 2021
1900:
4563:
4499:
4471:
4322:
3780:
3697:
3602:
3463:
3425:
2444:
2426:
2130:"Zuhlke supported the development and launch of the new NHS Covid-19 app in England and Wales"
1620:
1246:
986:
978:
586:
567:
261:
67:
1405:"Coronavirus: Govt set to release 'contact tracking' app which detects nearby virus carriers"
901:
4672:
4518:
4291:
4260:
4255:
4159:
3979:
2434:
2418:
968:
457:
411:
283:
217:
194:
727:
reviewed the statistics published by the Department of Health and Social Care, relating to
683:. In 2021, the number of users began to rise again from April, reaching a peak of almost 18
4622:
4598:
4419:
4383:
4358:
4003:
3657:
3554:
2994:"Coronavirus: New boss of Test and Trace app Gaby Appleton only contracted for six months"
2921:
817:
that the NHS COVID-19 app would be decommissioned due to decreasing demand and the end of
676:
3876:
Health Protection (Coronavirus, Restrictions) (Self-Isolation) (England) Regulations 2020
1352:"Government expands expert team to rapidly roll out coronavirus test and trace programme"
240:
148:
2414:
964:
543:
said this version of the app should not be released without proper privacy protections.
4512:
4414:
4409:
3549:
3018:
2490:"Coronavirus: Contact-tracing app has only sent one alert about an outbreak in a venue"
2439:
2398:
2369:
656:
After approximately two weeks the app had been downloaded around 16 million times, and
198:
17:
1804:"Coronavirus: NHS contact-tracing app could be abused by spies, security experts warn"
574:– provided research and modelling to NHSX in support of the response to the pandemic.
53:
4636:
4363:
4312:
4296:
4286:
4270:
4250:
4225:
4215:
3984:
3909:
Health Protection (Coronavirus, Wearing of Face Coverings) (England) Regulations 2021
3866:
Coronavirus, Restrictions (Local Authority Enforcement...) (England) Regulations 2020
3420:
1772:
877:
838:
619:
528:
476:
153:
2803:"1,200 extra testing sites as binmen, vets and prison staff made 'critical workers'"
1768:"Uncertainty over who could access NHSX contact tracing app data as pilot goes live"
1183:
1158:
1133:
1108:
1029:
1004:
4393:
4388:
4378:
4373:
4368:
4265:
4235:
4230:
4210:
4205:
4195:
3881:
Coronavirus, International Travel and Operator Liability (England) Regulations 2021
2679:
1932:"Vote Leave Firm Tied to Cambridge Analytica 'Configured' NHSX Contact Tracing App"
814:
511:
507:
378:
2343:
2259:
1962:
1510:
1208:
687:
million in July and then falling over the next few months to end the year at 13.6
4583:
4337:
4245:
4220:
3871:
Health Protection (Coronavirus, Restrictions) (England) (No. 3) Regulations 2020
3836:
Health Protection (Coronavirus, Restrictions) (England) (No. 4) Regulations 2020
2888:
666:
By the end of 2020 the number of users with the app installed had fallen to 13.5
382:
272:
32:
COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom § National health services response
2728:
2422:
2208:
2021:
1708:
1674:"NHS contact-tracing app may not be ready until winter, health minister admits"
1433:
1276:"How the NHS COVID-19 app is making the most of cutting-edge global technology"
973:
948:
856:
In October 2020, Randeep Sidhu held the post of 'head of product' for the app.
4317:
4240:
2649:"Gibraltar to form part of Covid App Agreement with UK and Crown Dependancies"
2370:"NHS COVID-19 app update blocked by Apple, Google over location privacy fears"
846:
618:
Testing of the app by NHS volunteer responders, and selected residents of the
433:
The app recorded the make and model of the phone and asked the user for their
80:
2430:
2048:"UK's COVID-19 health data contracts with Google and Palantir finally emerge"
1837:"The tech firms getting their hands on NHS patient data to fight coronavirus"
1624:
1250:
982:
448:, such as a fever and cough. These details were then passed to a central NHS
3816:
Health Protection (Coronavirus, Business Closure) (England) Regulations 2020
3478:
2702:"Claiming financial support under the Test and Trace Support Payment scheme"
1739:
829:. The final version was released on 24 April and it was closed on 27 April.
555:
179:
2448:
990:
629:
An updated app released on 29 October, in part from collaboration with the
1963:"Coronavirus: UK contact-tracing app is ready for Isle of Wight downloads"
264:, in use from 24 September 2020 until 27 April 2023. It was available for
3448:
2264:
1967:
1808:
1030:"Which venues in England should display the official NHS QR code poster?"
850:
802:
793:
762:
state benefits or have a low income.) This was rectified on 10 December.
658:
3821:
Health Protection (Coronavirus, Restrictions) (England) Regulations 2020
2828:"Isolation rule relaxation signals relief for pingdemic-hit restaurants"
1209:"NHS Covid-19 app: How England and Wales' contact-tracing service works"
1646:"Government downplays importance of app for test, track and trace plan"
865:
826:
599:
591:
441:(BLE) to record the daily identification number of other users nearby.
313:
3703:
Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for COVID-19 Vaccine Deployment
2260:"Coronavirus: England and Wales' contact-tracing app gets launch date"
1996:"Without Apple and Google, the UK's contact-tracing app is in trouble"
1868:"The U.K.'s COVID-19 Contact Tracing App: Everything You Need To Know"
1735:"Without Apple and Google, the UK's contact-tracing app is in trouble"
328:
If asked to self-isolate, receive information and a daily "countdown".
4539:
2729:"Coronavirus: NHS Covid-19 app starts offering self-isolate payments"
1872:
680:
415:
287:
3056:
278:
Two versions of the app were created. The first was commissioned by
1530:"Tory peer reveals NHS contact-tracing app has cost ÂŁ11.8m to date"
1239:"Fault in NHS Covid app meant thousands at risk did not quarantine"
539:
about plans for the app to record user location data. Parliament's
294:. Scotland and Northern Ireland had separate contact tracing apps.
842:
769:
644:
585:
2963:"Coronavirus: Health minister says app should roll out by winter"
1326:
479:
on 5 May 2020 and by 11 May it had been downloaded 55,000 times.
3841:
Coronavirus, Restrictions (All Tiers) (England) Regulations 2020
2855:"Covid app for England and Wales discontinued as usage dwindles"
2079:"Palantir Coronavirus Contract Did Not Go to Competitive Tender"
1582:"More Than 55,000 People Download Isle Of Wight Coronavirus App"
532:
482:
When the first national contact tracing schemes were launched –
423:
279:
85:
3094:
2182:"Building the NHS App: An interview with UK IT finalist Zuhlke"
1463:"Digital contact tracing: protecting the NHS and saving lives"
325:
Check their symptoms, and book a coronavirus test if necessary
269:
172:
3856:
Face Coverings in a Relevant Place (England) Regulations 2020
3851:
Face Coverings on Public Transport (England) Regulations 2020
2515:"Baroness Dido Harding's speech to the CBI Annual Conference"
1511:"Coronavirus: Hands on with NHS Covid-19 contact-tracing app"
3904:
Coronavirus, Restrictions (No. 2) (England) Regulations 2020
3861:
Coronavirus, Restrictions (Steps) (England) Regulations 2021
3846:
Coronavirus, International Travel (England) Regulations 2020
2463:"NHS COVID-19 app has been downloaded over 10 million times"
1613:"How will England's coronavirus test-and-trace system work?"
927:"[Withdrawn] NHS COVID-19 app: privacy information"
3049:
2708:. Department of Health & Social Care. 26 November 2020
1089:. Department of Health & Social Care. 30 November 2020
418:. The app used a centralised approach, in contrast to the
231:
4175:
New and Emerging Respiratory Virus Threats Advisory Group
2469:. Department of Health and Social Care. 27 September 2020
1159:"When should I enter symptoms into the NHS COVID-19 app?"
1492:"NHS COVID-19: the new contact-tracing app from the NHS"
2521:. Department of Health and Social Care. 6 November 2020
2320:. Department of Health and Social Care. 29 October 2020
3065:"The rise and fall of Hancock's homegrown tracing app"
2289:"Take-up of NHS contact-tracing app could be only 10%"
149:
https://github.com/nhsx/covid-19-app-android-ag-public
1709:"UK virus-tracing app switches to Apple-Google model"
2573:"Apple reveals the most-downloaded iOS apps of 2020"
2344:"NHS Covid-19 app to issue more self-isolate alerts"
2110:. Department of Health and Social Care. 30 July 2020
1555:"Test and Trace app cost much less than ÂŁ37 billion"
1434:"App stores approve UK contact-tracing app for test"
949:"The epidemiological impact of the NHS COVID-19 app"
444:
If a user was unwell, they could tell the app about
4556:
4437:
4402:
4346:
4305:
4279:
4188:
4145:
4049:
4024:
3940:
3931:
3894:
3803:
3724:
3715:
3671:
3626:
3563:
3513:
3439:
3401:
3366:
3289:
3261:
3221:
3214:
2314:"NHS COVID-19 app updates across England and Wales"
1358:. Department of Health and Social Care. 12 May 2020
663:other country where downloading isn't compulsory".
226:
216:
204:
190:
178:
162:
139:
113:
91:
79:
3063:
2598:"Demonstrating the impact of the NHS COVID-19 app"
2546:"NHS COVID-19 app statistics: Number of app users"
1672:
1378:"NHSX working on coronavirus contact tracking app"
1274:Sidhu, Randeep; Appleton, Gaby (29 October 2020).
154:https://github.com/nhsx/covid-19-app-ios-ag-public
4683:United Kingdom responses to the COVID-19 pandemic
3811:Health Protection (Coronavirus) Regulations 2020
2209:"England's coronavirus app trial gets under way"
1461:Gould, Matthew; Lewis, Geraint (24 April 2020).
4170:Joint Committee on Vaccination and Immunisation
3766:Stamp Duty Land Tax (Temporary Relief) Act 2020
2022:"NHS rejects Apple-Google coronavirus app plan"
896:
894:
475:The first public trial of the app began on the
275:, and could be used by anyone aged 16 or over.
3826:COVID-19 local lockdown regulations in England
1427:
1425:
3106:
2552:. UK Health Security Agency. 17 November 2022
446:symptoms which are characteristic of COVID-19
8:
4693:2023 disestablishments in the United Kingdom
4493:Hold Still: A Portrait of Our Nation in 2020
3771:Corporate Insolvency and Governance Act 2020
3693:Vaccines Manufacturing and Innovation Centre
3349:Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha
46:
3736:Public Health (Control of Disease) Act 1984
2157:"UK IT Industry Awards 2021 - 2021 Winners"
4276:
3937:
3831:First COVID-19 tier regulations in England
3728:
3721:
3560:
3398:
3218:
3113:
3099:
3091:
1005:"What is my postcode district risk level?"
239:
52:
45:
30:For the NHS response to the pandemic, see
4688:2020 establishments in the United Kingdom
4180:Scientific Advisory Group for Emergencies
2438:
1797:
1795:
972:
292:Apple/Google Exposure Notification system
2936:"Timeline of the NHS Test and Trace app"
2571:Reporter, Metro Tech (2 December 2020).
837:Within NHSX, the project was led by CEO
825:functions would remain available in the
499:, junior minister for Innovation at the
4653:COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom
4155:Imperial College COVID-19 Response Team
3686:European Commission–AstraZeneca dispute
3122:COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom
3019:"Randeep Sidhu - Technology in the NHS"
1486:
1484:
1184:"What is the self-isolation countdown?"
890:
312:"Check in" at places displaying an NHS
4574:COVID-19 Bereaved Families for Justice
2992:Manthorpe, Rowland (26 October 2020).
1469:. Department of Health and Social Care
1282:. Department of Health and Social Care
420:Google / Apple contact tracing project
414:division of American software company
361:. The code of the app and back-end is
286:division of American software company
2673:Hughes, Matthew (28 September 2020).
2540:
2538:
2536:
2488:Manthorpe, Rowland (9 October 2020).
2392:
2390:
2337:
2335:
1702:
1700:
1456:
1454:
1269:
1267:
1232:
1230:
7:
3995:Cabinet Secretary for Covid Recovery
2908:Department of Health and Social Care
2880:Department of Health and Social Care
2853:Allegretti, Aubrey (27 March 2023).
2287:Boseley, Sarah (24 September 2020).
1077:
1075:
942:
940:
874:– non-NHS symptom tracking in the UK
501:Department of Health and Social Care
4648:Android (operating system) software
3681:Oxford–AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccine
2775:Polianskaya, Alina (22 July 2021).
2058:from the original on 5 October 2020
1802:Martin, Alexander (29 April 2020).
1403:Manthorpe, Roland (31 March 2020).
486:in Wales on 13 May, then on 28 May
456:. The NHS would also arrange for a
72:Screenshot of app on Android device
27:UK contact tracing app for COVID-19
4658:E-government in the United Kingdom
4009:Coughs and sneezes spread diseases
3484:Privileges Committee investigation
2653:Gibraltar Broadcasting Corporation
2368:McCarthy, Kieren (13 April 2021).
1841:Bureau of Investigative Journalism
1083:"NHS COVID-19 app: privacy notice"
813:In March 2023, it was reported in
670:million, of whom an estimated 11.5
430:(NCSC) about the privacy aspects.
25:
1685:from the original on 18 June 2022
1671:Woodcock, Andrew (17 June 2020).
256:for monitoring the spread of the
4616:
3950:Coronavirus Job Retention Scheme
3050:NHS COVID-19 app support website
2727:Kelton, Leo (10 December 2020).
2627:Office for Statistics Regulation
2233:Latif, Sheeza (14 August 2020).
1611:Stewart, Heather (27 May 2020).
1509:Rory Cellan-Jones (5 May 2020).
725:Office for Statistics Regulation
594:to use with the NHS COVID-19 app
66:
3535:COVID-19 Genomics UK Consortium
3085:Press release for launch of app
2961:Badhon, Saidul (17 June 2020).
2342:Kelion, Leo (29 October 2020).
2077:Hencke, David (22 April 2020).
1975:from the original on 7 May 2020
1942:from the original on 7 May 2020
1911:from the original on 8 May 2020
1899:McCarthy, Kieren (5 May 2020).
1880:from the original on 9 May 2020
1866:O'Flaherty, Kate (6 May 2020).
1847:from the original on 9 May 2020
1816:from the original on 6 May 2020
1780:from the original on 6 May 2020
1747:from the original on 7 May 2020
1528:Crouch, Hannah (23 June 2020).
699:million by the end of October.
541:Joint Committee on Human Rights
422:. NHSX consulted ethicists and
3990:Can you look them in the eyes?
3776:Business and Planning Act 2020
3314:British Indian Ocean Territory
2801:Brown, Martyn (27 July 2021).
2207:Kelion, Leo (13 August 2020).
2046:Lomas, Natasha (5 June 2020).
1496:National Cyber Security Centre
1237:Hern, Alex (2 November 2020).
428:National Cyber Security Centre
1:
4678:COVID-19 contact tracing apps
2020:Kelion, Leo (27 April 2020).
1994:Vincent, James (5 May 2020).
1835:Hall, Kathleen (7 May 2020).
1766:Clarke, Laurie (4 May 2020).
1733:Vincent, James (5 May 2020).
506:On 18 June, Health Secretary
373:The app was part of the UK's
341:The Android app was coded in
4604:National Covid Memorial Wall
3130:British Overseas Territories
1930:Ahmed, Nafeez (6 May 2020).
1707:Kelion, Leo (18 June 2020).
1580:Hill, Louise (11 May 2020).
641:Statistics and effectiveness
393:First phase and cancellation
3975:National Tutoring Programme
3751:Contingencies Fund Act 2021
3746:Contingencies Fund Act 2020
3057:NHS COVID-19 app statistics
120:6.0 / 24 April 2023
4709:
3431:National Day of Reflection
2423:10.1038/s41467-023-36495-z
1961:Kelion, Leo (4 May 2020).
1432:Kelion, Leo (4 May 2020).
974:10.1038/s41586-021-03606-z
389:, led the tracing effort.
305:The app allowed users to:
36:
29:
4612:
4569:Coronavirus Tech Handbook
4014:Catch It, Bin It, Kill It
3731:
3530:Cancer Monitoring Project
3496:Scottish COVID-19 Inquiry
3136:
2602:The Alan Turing Institute
590:A venue poster showing a
365:and available on GitHub.
135:
109:
60:
51:
4165:Joint Biosecurity Centre
3663:UK Rapid Test Consortium
3501:Virtual House of Commons
3459:Dominic Cummings scandal
3391:Exam grading controversy
3354:Turks and Caicos Islands
2235:"NHS Test and Trace App"
2161:ukitindustryawards.co.uk
1586:Isle Of Wight Radio News
1302:"Architecture Guidebook"
624:London Borough of Newham
516:test and trace programme
404:coronavirus disease 2019
375:test and trace programme
37:Not to be confused with
4000:Pre-pandemic exercises
3970:Global Travel Taskforce
3756:Coronavirus mini-budget
3474:Northern Research Group
745:Defects and limitations
122:; 16 months ago
18:NHS contact-tracing app
4579:Death of Belly Mujinga
3955:Contract controversies
3319:British Virgin Islands
3023:healthtech.blog.gov.uk
775:
650:
595:
570:– a company linked to
95:24 September 2020
4594:London Blossom Garden
3786:Culture Recovery Fund
3673:Vaccination programme
3379:Cost-of-living crisis
3299:Akrotiri and Dhekelia
3059:- official dashboard.
2764:– via Sky News.
2403:Nature Communications
1467:Technology in the NHS
868:– general-purpose app
819:lockdown restrictions
773:
717:Nature Communications
704:Alan Turing Institute
691:million, of which 9.9
648:
631:Alan Turing Institute
605:Exposure Notification
589:
548:Exposure Notification
514:, leader of the UK's
385:, chief executive of
377:which was chaired by
345:, and the iOS app in
282:and developed by the
97:; 3 years ago
4354:Catherine Calderwood
4037:Overseas territories
3886:Coronavirus Act 2020
3647:Test, Trace, Protect
3454:COVID Recovery Group
3291:Overseas Territories
766:The 2021 "pingdemic"
723:In August 2021, the
708:University of Oxford
484:Test, Trace, Protect
439:Bluetooth Low Energy
4668:Mobile applications
4623:COVID-19 portal
4447:"Can You Hear Me" (
3965:Eat Out to Help Out
3761:Winter Economy Plan
3565:Temporary hospitals
3540:COVID Symptom Study
3525:Antiviral Taskforce
3411:Clap for Our Carers
3087:, 24 September 2020
2415:2023NatCo..14..858K
2268:. 11 September 2020
2186:www.computing.co.uk
2136:. 24 September 2020
1215:. 23 September 2020
965:2021Natur.594..408W
872:COVID Symptom Study
572:Cambridge Analytica
454:physical distancing
410:, developed by the
381:; from 12 May 2020
355:Amazon Web Services
353:and is deployed to
349:. The backend used
254:contact tracing app
211:Contact tracing app
48:
4479:Grayson's Art Club
4065:July–December 2020
3653:Operation Moonshot
3641:NHS Test and Trace
3263:Crown Dependencies
3126:Crown Dependencies
1188:faq.covid19.nhs.uk
1163:faq.covid19.nhs.uk
1138:faq.covid19.nhs.uk
1113:faq.covid19.nhs.uk
1059:Legislation.gov.uk
1034:faq.covid19.nhs.uk
1009:faq.covid19.nhs.uk
902:"NHS COVID-19 app"
776:
752:NHS Test and Trace
651:
596:
488:NHS Test and Trace
406:(COVID-19) in the
387:Leeds City Council
81:Original author(s)
39:NHS Test and Trace
4630:
4629:
4564:Captain Tom Moore
4500:Isolation Stories
4472:Failures of State
4433:
4432:
4323:Charlotte McArdle
4081:Northern Ireland
4060:January–June 2020
4045:
4044:
3927:
3926:
3799:
3798:
3781:Nightingale Court
3711:
3710:
3628:Testing programme
3509:
3508:
3464:Greensill scandal
3426:The 2.6 Challenge
3362:
3361:
3025:. 29 October 2020
2973:on 5 October 2020
2924:on 30 April 2023.
2896:on 30 April 2023.
2882:(24 April 2023).
2188:. 28 October 2021
2155:Media, Incisive.
959:(7863): 408–412.
712:COVID-19 pandemic
563:Related contracts
262:England and Wales
258:COVID-19 pandemic
247:
246:
16:(Redirected from
4700:
4621:
4620:
4519:Pandemic Diaries
4333:Michelle O'Neill
4306:Northern Ireland
4292:Amanda Pritchard
4277:
4261:Jonathan Van-Tam
4256:Patrick Vallance
4160:Independent SAGE
3980:Pick for Britain
3938:
3729:
3722:
3636:NHS COVID-19 app
3561:
3469:Impact on Brexit
3399:
3344:Pitcairn Islands
3329:Falkland Islands
3243:Northern Ireland
3219:
3115:
3108:
3101:
3092:
3081:
3079:
3077:
3067:
3053:
3052:
3035:
3034:
3032:
3030:
3015:
3009:
3008:
3006:
3004:
2989:
2983:
2982:
2980:
2978:
2969:. Archived from
2958:
2952:
2951:
2949:
2947:
2932:
2926:
2925:
2920:. Archived from
2904:
2898:
2897:
2892:. Archived from
2876:
2870:
2869:
2867:
2865:
2850:
2844:
2843:
2841:
2839:
2834:. 16 August 2021
2824:
2818:
2817:
2815:
2813:
2798:
2792:
2791:
2789:
2787:
2772:
2766:
2765:
2763:
2761:
2750:
2744:
2743:
2741:
2739:
2724:
2718:
2717:
2715:
2713:
2698:
2692:
2691:
2689:
2687:
2670:
2664:
2663:
2661:
2659:
2645:
2639:
2638:
2636:
2634:
2619:
2613:
2612:
2610:
2608:
2594:
2588:
2587:
2585:
2583:
2568:
2562:
2561:
2559:
2557:
2542:
2531:
2530:
2528:
2526:
2511:
2505:
2504:
2502:
2500:
2485:
2479:
2478:
2476:
2474:
2459:
2453:
2452:
2442:
2394:
2385:
2384:
2382:
2380:
2365:
2359:
2358:
2356:
2354:
2339:
2330:
2329:
2327:
2325:
2310:
2304:
2303:
2301:
2299:
2284:
2278:
2277:
2275:
2273:
2256:
2250:
2249:
2247:
2245:
2230:
2224:
2223:
2221:
2219:
2204:
2198:
2197:
2195:
2193:
2178:
2172:
2171:
2169:
2167:
2152:
2146:
2145:
2143:
2141:
2126:
2120:
2119:
2117:
2115:
2100:
2094:
2093:
2091:
2089:
2074:
2068:
2067:
2065:
2063:
2043:
2037:
2036:
2034:
2032:
2017:
2011:
2010:
2008:
2006:
1991:
1985:
1984:
1982:
1980:
1958:
1952:
1951:
1949:
1947:
1927:
1921:
1920:
1918:
1916:
1896:
1890:
1889:
1887:
1885:
1863:
1857:
1856:
1854:
1852:
1832:
1826:
1825:
1823:
1821:
1799:
1790:
1789:
1787:
1785:
1763:
1757:
1756:
1754:
1752:
1730:
1724:
1723:
1721:
1719:
1704:
1695:
1694:
1692:
1690:
1676:
1668:
1662:
1661:
1659:
1657:
1650:Express and Star
1642:
1636:
1635:
1633:
1631:
1608:
1602:
1601:
1599:
1597:
1588:. Archived from
1577:
1571:
1570:
1568:
1566:
1551:
1545:
1544:
1542:
1540:
1525:
1519:
1518:
1506:
1500:
1499:
1488:
1479:
1478:
1476:
1474:
1458:
1449:
1448:
1446:
1444:
1429:
1420:
1419:
1417:
1415:
1400:
1394:
1393:
1391:
1389:
1374:
1368:
1367:
1365:
1363:
1348:
1342:
1341:
1339:
1337:
1323:
1317:
1316:
1314:
1312:
1298:
1292:
1291:
1289:
1287:
1271:
1262:
1261:
1259:
1257:
1234:
1225:
1224:
1222:
1220:
1205:
1199:
1198:
1196:
1194:
1180:
1174:
1173:
1171:
1169:
1155:
1149:
1148:
1146:
1144:
1130:
1124:
1123:
1121:
1119:
1105:
1099:
1098:
1096:
1094:
1079:
1070:
1069:
1067:
1065:
1051:
1045:
1044:
1042:
1040:
1026:
1020:
1019:
1017:
1015:
1001:
995:
994:
976:
944:
935:
934:
933:. 27 April 2023.
923:
917:
916:
914:
912:
898:
823:vaccine passport
736:Interoperability
698:
694:
690:
686:
673:
669:
537:Select Committee
492:Test and Protect
490:in England, and
252:was a voluntary
243:
238:
235:
233:
186:
130:
128:
123:
105:
103:
98:
70:
56:
49:
21:
4708:
4707:
4703:
4702:
4701:
4699:
4698:
4697:
4633:
4632:
4631:
4626:
4615:
4608:
4599:Lineage B.1.1.7
4552:
4465:Emergency State
4439:
4429:
4420:Vaughan Gething
4398:
4384:Nicola Sturgeon
4359:Joe FitzPatrick
4342:
4328:Michael McBride
4301:
4275:
4184:
4147:
4141:
4041:
4020:
4004:Exercise Cygnus
3923:
3896:
3890:
3795:
3707:
3667:
3658:Test to Release
3622:
3559:
3555:PANORAMIC trial
3545:COVID passports
3517:
3515:
3505:
3435:
3397:
3358:
3285:
3257:
3210:
3132:
3119:
3075:
3073:
3070:Financial Times
3062:
3048:
3047:
3044:
3039:
3038:
3028:
3026:
3017:
3016:
3012:
3002:
3000:
2991:
2990:
2986:
2976:
2974:
2960:
2959:
2955:
2945:
2943:
2934:
2933:
2929:
2906:
2905:
2901:
2878:
2877:
2873:
2863:
2861:
2852:
2851:
2847:
2837:
2835:
2826:
2825:
2821:
2811:
2809:
2800:
2799:
2795:
2785:
2783:
2774:
2773:
2769:
2759:
2757:
2752:
2751:
2747:
2737:
2735:
2726:
2725:
2721:
2711:
2709:
2700:
2699:
2695:
2685:
2683:
2672:
2671:
2667:
2657:
2655:
2647:
2646:
2642:
2632:
2630:
2629:. 4 August 2021
2621:
2620:
2616:
2606:
2604:
2596:
2595:
2591:
2581:
2579:
2570:
2569:
2565:
2555:
2553:
2544:
2543:
2534:
2524:
2522:
2513:
2512:
2508:
2498:
2496:
2487:
2486:
2482:
2472:
2470:
2461:
2460:
2456:
2396:
2395:
2388:
2378:
2376:
2367:
2366:
2362:
2352:
2350:
2341:
2340:
2333:
2323:
2321:
2312:
2311:
2307:
2297:
2295:
2286:
2285:
2281:
2271:
2269:
2258:
2257:
2253:
2243:
2241:
2232:
2231:
2227:
2217:
2215:
2206:
2205:
2201:
2191:
2189:
2180:
2179:
2175:
2165:
2163:
2154:
2153:
2149:
2139:
2137:
2128:
2127:
2123:
2113:
2111:
2102:
2101:
2097:
2087:
2085:
2076:
2075:
2071:
2061:
2059:
2045:
2044:
2040:
2030:
2028:
2019:
2018:
2014:
2004:
2002:
1993:
1992:
1988:
1978:
1976:
1960:
1959:
1955:
1945:
1943:
1929:
1928:
1924:
1914:
1912:
1898:
1897:
1893:
1883:
1881:
1865:
1864:
1860:
1850:
1848:
1834:
1833:
1829:
1819:
1817:
1801:
1800:
1793:
1783:
1781:
1765:
1764:
1760:
1750:
1748:
1732:
1731:
1727:
1717:
1715:
1706:
1705:
1698:
1688:
1686:
1679:The Independent
1670:
1669:
1665:
1655:
1653:
1644:
1643:
1639:
1629:
1627:
1610:
1609:
1605:
1595:
1593:
1579:
1578:
1574:
1564:
1562:
1561:. 24 March 2023
1553:
1552:
1548:
1538:
1536:
1527:
1526:
1522:
1508:
1507:
1503:
1490:
1489:
1482:
1472:
1470:
1460:
1459:
1452:
1442:
1440:
1431:
1430:
1423:
1413:
1411:
1402:
1401:
1397:
1387:
1385:
1384:. 20 March 2020
1376:
1375:
1371:
1361:
1359:
1350:
1349:
1345:
1335:
1333:
1325:
1324:
1320:
1310:
1308:
1300:
1299:
1295:
1285:
1283:
1273:
1272:
1265:
1255:
1253:
1236:
1235:
1228:
1218:
1216:
1207:
1206:
1202:
1192:
1190:
1182:
1181:
1177:
1167:
1165:
1157:
1156:
1152:
1142:
1140:
1132:
1131:
1127:
1117:
1115:
1107:
1106:
1102:
1092:
1090:
1081:
1080:
1073:
1063:
1061:
1053:
1052:
1048:
1038:
1036:
1028:
1027:
1023:
1013:
1011:
1003:
1002:
998:
946:
945:
938:
925:
924:
920:
910:
908:
900:
899:
892:
887:
880:– all countries
862:
835:
811:
809:Decommissioning
768:
747:
738:
696:
692:
688:
684:
671:
667:
643:
616:
584:
565:
524:
473:
400:
395:
371:
339:
303:
230:
184:
158:
131:
126:
124:
121:
101:
99:
96:
92:Initial release
75:
74:
73:
64:
42:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4706:
4704:
4696:
4695:
4690:
4685:
4680:
4675:
4670:
4665:
4660:
4655:
4650:
4645:
4635:
4634:
4628:
4627:
4613:
4610:
4609:
4607:
4606:
4601:
4596:
4591:
4589:Notable deaths
4586:
4581:
4576:
4571:
4566:
4560:
4558:
4554:
4553:
4551:
4550:
4543:
4536:
4529:
4522:
4515:
4513:Lockdown Files
4510:
4503:
4496:
4489:
4482:
4475:
4468:
4461:
4453:
4443:
4441:
4435:
4434:
4431:
4430:
4428:
4427:
4422:
4417:
4415:Mark Drakeford
4412:
4410:Frank Atherton
4406:
4404:
4400:
4399:
4397:
4396:
4391:
4386:
4381:
4376:
4371:
4366:
4361:
4356:
4350:
4348:
4344:
4343:
4341:
4340:
4335:
4330:
4325:
4320:
4315:
4309:
4307:
4303:
4302:
4300:
4299:
4294:
4289:
4283:
4281:
4274:
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4032:United Kingdom
4028:
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3552:
3550:RECOVERY Trial
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3527:
3521:
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3507:
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3491:Public inquiry
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3321:
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3223:United Kingdom
3216:
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3110:
3103:
3095:
3089:
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3082:
3060:
3054:
3043:
3042:External links
3040:
3037:
3036:
3010:
2984:
2953:
2942:. 19 June 2020
2927:
2912:"NHS COVID-19"
2899:
2884:"NHS COVID-19"
2871:
2845:
2819:
2793:
2767:
2756:. 22 July 2021
2745:
2719:
2693:
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2239:Newham Council
2225:
2199:
2173:
2147:
2121:
2095:
2069:
2038:
2012:
1986:
1953:
1922:
1891:
1858:
1827:
1791:
1758:
1725:
1696:
1663:
1652:. 11 June 2020
1637:
1603:
1592:on 26 May 2020
1572:
1546:
1534:Digital Health
1520:
1501:
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1421:
1395:
1382:Digital Health
1369:
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861:
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834:
831:
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767:
764:
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743:
737:
734:
729:Test and Trace
642:
639:
615:
612:
583:
580:
564:
561:
523:
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472:
469:
399:
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337:Implementation
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26:
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4643:2020 software
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4364:Jeane Freeman
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4313:Arlene Foster
4311:
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4308:
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4297:Simon Stevens
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4287:Stephen Powis
4285:
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4272:
4271:Nadhim Zahawi
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4251:Maggie Throup
4249:
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4232:
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4226:Boris Johnson
4224:
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4216:Jenny Harries
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4209:
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4201:Neil Ferguson
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3985:Project Birch
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3422:
3421:Thank You NHS
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3192:July–December
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3177:July–December
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2807:Express.co.uk
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1498:. 4 May 2020.
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1327:"nihp-public"
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878:COVID-19 apps
876:
873:
870:
867:
864:
863:
859:
857:
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852:
848:
845:and a former
844:
840:
839:Matthew Gould
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4533:Preventable
4507:Locked Down
4459:(series 35)
4338:Robin Swann
4246:Rishi Sunak
4221:Sajid Javid
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3741:2020 budget
3717:Legislation
3276:Isle of Man
3072:. June 2020
2889:Google Play
2838:9 September
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2556:20 November
2192:17 November
2166:17 November
398:Description
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363:open-source
301:Description
273:smartphones
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4241:June Raine
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3997:(Scotland)
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3643:(England)
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3248:Scotland
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2733:BBC News
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2379:14 April
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2265:BBC News
2213:BBC News
2056:Archived
2026:BBC News
1973:Archived
1968:BBC News
1940:Archived
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1878:Archived
1845:Archived
1814:Archived
1809:Sky News
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1713:BBC News
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1565:28 March
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1438:BBC News
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