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which may lead to the development of technologies that allow for gigabit bandwidth communication throughout the Solar System. As of
February 2019 the XCOM test is scheduled for spring 2019. XCOM (inc MXS) was delivered to the ISS in May 2019. Once the test was complete XCOM and the STP-H6 payload malfunctioned in September 2021. It was removed in November 2021 and disposed of on
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As part of NICER testing, a rapid-modulation X-ray device was developed called
Modulated X-ray Source (MXS), which is being used to create an X-ray communication system (XCOM) demonstration. If approved and installed on the ISS, XCOM will transmit data encoded into X-ray bursts to the NICER platform,
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Previously scheduled for a
December 2016 launch on SpaceX CRS-12, NICER will now fly to the International Space Station with two other payloads on SpaceX Commercial Resupply Services (CRS)-11, in the Dragon vehicle's unpressurized
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NICER's primary science instrument, called the X-ray Timing
Instrument (XTI), is an array of 56 X-ray photon detectors. These detectors record the energies of the collected photons as well as with their time of arrival. A
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NICER-SEXTANT uses the same instrument to test X-ray timing for positioning and navigation, and MXS is a test of X-ray timing communication. In
January 2018, X-ray navigation was demonstrated using NICER on ISS.
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allow NICER to track specific targets while collecting science data. In order to achieve its science objectives, NICER will take over 15 million seconds of exposures over an 18-month period.
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362:) band with unprecedented sensitivity, probing interior structure, the origins of dynamic phenomena, and the mechanisms that underlie the most powerful cosmic particle accelerators known.
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In May 2023, NICER's thermal shields developed a leak that allowed stray light to enter the telescope. A repair kit containing specialized patches will be delivered to the station by the
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Gendreau, Keith C.; Arzoumanian, Zaven; Okajima, Takashi (September 2012). Takahashi, Tadayuki; Murray, Stephen S.; Den Herder, Jan-Willem A. (eds.).
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426:(GPS) receiver enables accurate timing and positioning measurements. X-ray photons can be time-tagged with a precision of less than 300
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334:, designed and dedicated to the study of the extraordinary gravitational, electromagnetic, and nuclear physics environments embodied by
1060:"OHMAN (On-orbit Hookup of MAXI And NICER) has started! - immediate X-ray follow-up program combining JAXA and NASA instruments on ISS"
525:
On 21 August 2019 (UTC; 20 August in the U.S.), NICER spotted the brightest X-ray burst so far observed. It came from the neutron star
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Mitchell, Jason W.; Hassouneh, Munther A.; Winternitz, Luke M. B.; Valdez, Jennifer E.; Price, Samuel R.; et al. (January 2015).
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are underlined. Launch failures are marked with the β sign. Payloads deployed from other spacecraft are (enclosed in parentheses).
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in the fastest stellar orbit yet discovered. The pulsar and its companion star were found to orbit each other every 38 minutes.
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1030:"The Neutron star Interior Composition ExploreR (NICER): an Explorer mission of opportunity for soft x-ray timing spectroscopy"
781:"The Neutron star Interior Composition ExploreR (NICER): an Explorer mission of opportunity for soft X-ray timing spectroscopy"
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1125:. AIAA Guidance, Navigation, and Control Conference. 5β9 January 2015 Kissimmee, Florida. GSFC-E-DAA-TN19095; 20150001327.
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Launches are separated by dots ( β’ ), payloads by commas ( , ), multiple names for the same satellite by slashes ( / ).
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in June 2015, which delayed future missions by several months, NICER was finally launched on 3 June 2017, with the
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Each photon detected by NICER is time-tagged with an absolute precision of much better than 300 nanoseconds
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instrument named "OHMAN (On-orbit Hookup of MAXI and NICER)" to detect sudden bursts in X-ray phenomena.
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resupply mission in August 2024; the patches will be applied to the shields by astronauts on a future
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880:"NASA's NavCube Could Support an X-ray Communications Demonstration in Space β A NASA First"
803:
788:
Proceedings of the SPIE: Space
Telescopes and Instrumentation 2012, Ultraviolet to Gamma Ray
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401:(CDR) and resolved an issue with the power being supplied by the ISS. Following the loss of
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Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.
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430:. In August 2022 a fast X-ray follow-up observation program was started with the
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During each ISS orbit, NICER will observe two to four targets. Gimbaling and a
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Symbol indicates failure en route or before intended mission data returned
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achieved these goals by deploying, following the launch, and activation of
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790:. Space Telescopes and Instrumentation 2012: Ultraviolet to Gamma Ray.
683:, NASA Explorer-class hard X-ray space observatory, in orbit since 2012
301:
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461:(XNAV) techniques that may one day be used for deep-space navigation.
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SEXTANT - Station
Explorer for X-ray Timing and Navigation Technology
971:"NASA's Multi-Purpose NICER/SEXTANT Mission on Track for 2016 Launch"
680:
397:
By May 2015, NICER was on track for a 2016 launch, having passed its
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was selected by NASA to proceed to formulation phase in April 2013.
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667:, NASA's flagship space observatory for X-rays, in orbit since 1999
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758:"Reused Dragon cargo capsule launched on journey to space station"
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This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
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This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
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This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
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This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
897:
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
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This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
354:
of the thermal and non-thermal emissions of neutron stars in the
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943:"Repair Kit for NASA's NICER Mission Heading to Space Station"
468:
1248:
455:
Station
Explorer for X-ray Timing and Navigation Technology
1151:
X-ray communications experiment delivered to space station
1225:
NICER Telescope Spots
Brightest X-Ray Burst Ever Observed
831:"NASA Selects Explorer Investigations for Formulation"
676:
1137:
NASA set to demonstrate X-ray communications in space
854:"NASA Neutron Star Mission Begins Science Operations"
689:, an X-ray timing space observatory, active 1995β2012
457:(SEXTANT), will act as a technology demonstrator for
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1085:"NICER: Neutron star Interior Composition Explorer"
993:"NICER Manifested on SpaceX-11 ISS Resupply Flight"
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700:, ESA X-ray space observatory, in orbit since 1999
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445:X-ray navigation and communication experiments
107:7 years, 3 months and 19 days (
5781:Components of the International Space Station
4808:
2714:
1823:
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27:NASA telescope on International Space Station
8:
32:
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529:about 11,000 light-years from Earth in the
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1271:
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565:NICER extracted from Dragon's trunk at ISS
320:Neutron Star Interior Composition ExploreR
31:
1194:"X-ray Pulsar Found in Record-fast Orbit"
96:https://heasarc.gsfc.nasa.gov/docs/nicer/
1258:NICER installation animations and videos
5791:International Space Station experiments
918:. European Space Agency. Archived from
710:
543:
1526:Window Observational Research Facility
941:Kazmierczak, Jeanette (30 July 2024).
1245:by NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center
370:timing and spectroscopy instruments.
7:
995:. NICER News. NASA. 1 December 2015
5811:SpaceX payloads contracted by NASA
1848:List of Explorers Program missions
829:Harrington, J. D. (5 April 2013).
553:Launch of CRS-11 with NICER aboard
25:
4749:List of proposed space telescopes
3430:Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope
2674:indicates active current missions
518:In May 2018, NICER discovered an
4777:
4776:
2606:
1792:
1791:
1728:Centrifuge Accommodations Module
1601:
1206:
1100:
1040:
1009:
912:"ISS Utilization: NICER/SEXTANT"
892:
878:Keesey, Lori (4 November 2016).
734:
719:"SpaceX CRS-11 Mission Overview"
644:
630:
616:
597:
585:
570:
558:
546:
473:
286:
38:
3651:Nautilus Deep Space Observatory
2686:indicate missions yet to launch
1702:Multi-Purpose Logistics Modules
44:NICER telescope mounted on the
1478:International Docking Adapters
1028:Gendreau; et al. (2012).
756:Clark, Stephen (3 June 2017).
671:List of X-ray space telescopes
409:ISS resupply mission aboard a
292:NICER * SEXTANT mission patch
1:
5096:GSAT 9 / South Asia Satellite
4759:List of heliophysics missions
459:X-ray pulsar-based navigation
281:X-ray Timing Instrument (XTI)
2680:indicates cancelled missions
969:Keesey, Lori (12 May 2015).
852:Garner, Rob (17 July 2017).
4739:Great Observatories program
1515:Pressurized Mating Adapters
1295:International Space Station
1192:Garner, Rob (10 May 2018).
687:Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer
332:International Space Station
50:International Space Station
5837:
4230:Orbiting Solar Observatory
1483:Integrated Truss Structure
1473:ExPRESS Logistics Carriers
1468:External Stowage Platforms
350:enabled rotation-resolved
132:372 kg (820 lb)
46:Integrated Truss Structure
5756:
4910:Intelsat 32e / SkyBrasil1
4782:Category:Space telescopes
4772:
2667:
2604:
1845:
1787:
1599:
665:Chandra X-ray Observatory
482:This section needs to be
424:Global Positioning System
285:
280:
271:
247:407 km (253 mi)
237:402 km (250 mi)
202:
198:
140:
136:
119:
115:
56:
37:
5301:EuropaSat / Hellas Sat 3
4744:List of space telescopes
1774:Manufacturing of the ISS
1748:Universal Docking Module
604:Labeled diagram of NICER
1753:Russian Research Module
1493:Mobile Servicing System
4070:HEAO-2 (Einstein Obs.)
1743:Science Power Platform
1707:Interim Control Module
449:An enhancement to the
399:critical design review
153:3 June 2017, 21:07:38
3691:Space Solar Telescope
1656:Axiom Orbital Segment
833:(Press release). NASA
212:Reference system
124:Spacecraft properties
5539:Sentinel-5 Precursor
4831:Orbital launches in
4764:List of planetariums
3661:NRO donation to NASA
1758:Science Power Module
1463:European Robotic Arm
592:Full instrument view
342:. As part of NASA's
179:Kennedy Space Center
165:Falcon 9 Full Thrust
5821:2017 in spaceflight
5286:/ Sputnik Inspektor
4460:(Mission completed)
2745:Radio and Microwave
1779:Assembly of the ISS
1738:Crew Return Vehicle
1488:Life Support System
1169:Gunter's Space Page
800:2012SPIE.8443E..13G
310:(GOLD) →
105:18 months (planned)
34:
4397:Suzaku (Astro-EII)
4222:OAO-3 (Copernicus)
4206:Mikhailo Lomonosov
4054:Hinotori (Astro-A)
3656:New Worlds Mission
2024:25 (Injun 4, IE-B)
1660:US Deorbit Vehicle
1293:Components of the
922:on 8 February 2021
624:Spaceflight portal
417:Science instrument
207:Orbital parameters
5801:Piggyback mission
5786:Explorers Program
5768:
5767:
5401:
5065:
5049:
5048:, SG-Sat , SHARC)
4875:
4790:
4789:
4688:SIM & SIMlite
4062:Hisaki (SPRINT-A)
4022:Hakucho (CORSA-b)
3576:Astro-1 Telescope
3402:
3401:
2696:
2695:
2663:
2662:
2602:
2601:
2109:42 (Uhuru, SAS-A)
1839:Explorers Program
1805:
1804:
1733:Habitation Module
1723:Propulsion Module
1688:
1687:
1637:
1636:
1597:
1596:
1458:Electrical System
1090:. NASAFacts. NASA
808:10.1117/12.926396
760:. Spaceflight Now
503:
502:
330:telescope on the
316:
315:
16:(Redirected from
5828:
5816:X-ray telescopes
5806:Space telescopes
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5606:Cygnus CRS OA-8E
5571:
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5174:Nigeria EduSat-1
5170:
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4860:Jilin-1 Video-03
4836:
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4575:Hitomi (Astro-H)
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4433:
4425:
4417:
4409:
4401:
4393:
4385:
4377:
4369:
4361:
4353:
4345:
4337:
4329:
4321:
4313:
4305:
4297:
4289:
4281:
4226:
4218:
4210:
4202:
4194:
4186:
4178:
4170:
4162:
4154:
4146:
4138:
4130:
4122:
4114:
4106:
4098:
4090:
4082:
4074:
4066:
4058:
4050:
4042:
4034:
4026:
4018:
4010:
4002:
3994:
3986:
3978:
3970:
3962:
3954:
3946:
3938:
3930:
3922:
3914:
3906:
3898:
3890:
3882:
3874:
3866:
3858:
3850:
3825:
3817:
3809:
3801:
3793:
3785:
3777:
3769:
3761:
3753:
3745:
3737:
3729:
3721:
3554:
3546:
3538:
3530:
3522:
3514:
3506:
3498:
3490:
3482:
3474:
3466:
3458:
3450:
3442:
3434:
3426:
3418:
3395:
3387:
3379:
3371:
3363:
3355:
3347:
3339:
3331:
3323:
3312:or unclassified)
3302:
3294:
3286:
3278:
3270:
3262:
3254:
3246:
3238:
3230:
3222:
3214:
3206:
3198:
3190:
3182:
3174:
3166:
3158:
3150:
3142:
3117:
3109:
3101:
3093:
3085:
3077:
3069:
3061:
3057:Hinode (Solar-B)
3053:
3045:
3037:
3029:
3008:
3000:
2992:
2984:
2976:
2968:
2960:
2952:
2948:Hinode (Solar-B)
2944:
2936:
2928:
2920:
2912:
2904:
2896:
2888:
2880:
2871:
2863:
2842:
2834:
2826:
2818:
2797:
2789:
2781:
2773:
2765:
2757:
2741:
2730:Space telescopes
2723:
2716:
2709:
2700:
2679:
2673:
2620:
2610:
2561:
2554:
2547:
2535:
2513:
2484:
2480:
2476:
2444:
2437:
2430:
2423:
2416:
2409:
2326:
2319:
2312:
2305:
2298:
2291:
2269:
2255:
1859:
1832:
1825:
1818:
1809:
1795:
1794:
1646:
1615:
1605:
1306:
1287:
1280:
1273:
1264:
1227:
1222:
1216:
1210:
1209:
1205:
1203:
1201:
1189:
1180:
1179:
1177:
1175:
1161:
1155:
1147:
1141:
1133:
1127:
1126:
1116:
1110:
1104:
1103:
1099:
1097:
1095:
1089:
1081:
1075:
1074:
1072:
1070:
1056:
1050:
1044:
1043:
1039:
1034:
1025:
1019:
1013:
1012:
1008:
1002:
1000:
989:
983:
982:
980:
978:
966:
960:
959:
957:
955:
938:
932:
931:
929:
927:
908:
902:
896:
895:
891:
889:
887:
875:
866:
865:
863:
861:
849:
843:
842:
840:
838:
826:
820:
819:
785:
776:
770:
769:
767:
765:
753:
744:
738:
737:
733:
731:
729:
723:
715:
660:Explorer program
654:
649:
648:
640:
638:Astronomy portal
635:
634:
633:
626:
621:
620:
619:
601:
589:
574:
562:
550:
527:SAX J1808.4β3658
514:Selected results
498:
495:
489:
477:
476:
469:
413:launch vehicle.
344:Explorer program
295:Explorer program
290:
233:Perigee altitude
216:Geocentric orbit
145:Start of mission
102:Mission duration
42:
35:
21:
5836:
5835:
5831:
5830:
5829:
5827:
5826:
5825:
5771:
5770:
5769:
5764:
5759:
5752:
5682:
5673:
5667:Landmapper BC 3
5665:
5660:Meteor-M No.2-1
5628:
5621:
5615:
5609:
5574:
5566:
5502:
5434:
5373:
5358:
5354:Landmapper BC 2
5352:
5348:Landmapper BC 1
5346:
5339:
5309:
5272:
5266:
5259:
5253:
5247:
5241:
5235:
5229:
5223:
5217:
5172:
5166:
5160:
5154:
5121:
5068:
5036:Cygnus CRS OA-7
5019:
4965:
4947:
4940:
4934:
4928:
4922:
4898:
4843:
4842:
4832:
4830:
4829:
4827:
4821:
4791:
4786:
4768:
4754:X-ray telescope
4727:
4609:Constellation-X
4582:
4577:
4569:
4561:
4553:
4545:
4537:
4529:
4521:
4513:
4505:
4497:
4483:
4478:
4470:
4459:
4458:
4452:
4447:
4445:Yokoh (Solar-A)
4439:
4431:
4423:
4415:
4413:Tenma (Astro-B)
4407:
4399:
4391:
4383:
4375:
4367:
4359:
4351:
4343:
4335:
4327:
4319:
4311:
4303:
4295:
4287:
4279:
4224:
4216:
4208:
4200:
4192:
4184:
4176:
4174:LISA Pathfinder
4168:
4160:
4152:
4144:
4136:
4128:
4120:
4112:
4104:
4096:
4088:
4080:
4072:
4064:
4056:
4048:
4040:
4032:
4030:HALCA (MUSES-B)
4024:
4016:
4008:
4006:Ginga (Astro-C)
4000:
3992:
3984:
3976:
3968:
3960:
3952:
3944:
3936:
3928:
3920:
3912:
3904:
3896:
3888:
3880:
3872:
3864:
3856:
3848:
3823:
3815:
3807:
3799:
3791:
3783:
3775:
3767:
3759:
3751:
3743:
3735:
3727:
3725:Akari (Astro-F)
3719:
3705:
3557:
3552:
3544:
3536:
3528:
3520:
3512:
3504:
3496:
3488:
3480:
3472:
3464:
3456:
3448:
3440:
3432:
3424:
3416:
3398:
3393:
3385:
3377:
3369:
3361:
3353:
3345:
3337:
3329:
3321:
3311:
3310:Other (particle
3305:
3300:
3292:
3284:
3276:
3268:
3260:
3252:
3244:
3236:
3228:
3220:
3212:
3204:
3196:
3188:
3180:
3172:
3164:
3156:
3148:
3140:
3120:
3115:
3107:
3099:
3091:
3083:
3075:
3067:
3059:
3051:
3043:
3035:
3027:
3011:
3006:
2998:
2990:
2982:
2974:
2966:
2958:
2950:
2942:
2934:
2926:
2918:
2910:
2902:
2894:
2886:
2878:
2869:
2861:
2845:
2840:
2832:
2824:
2816:
2800:
2795:
2787:
2779:
2771:
2763:
2755:
2732:
2727:
2697:
2692:
2677:
2671:
2659:
2611:
2598:
2559:
2552:
2545:
2533:
2511:
2469:
2442:
2435:
2428:
2421:
2414:
2407:
2358:
2324:
2317:
2310:
2303:
2296:
2289:
2267:
2248:
1850:
1841:
1836:
1806:
1801:
1783:
1762:
1711:
1694:
1684:
1663:
1633:
1619:
1606:
1593:
1536:
1530:
1441:
1359:
1310:Russian Segment
1297:
1291:
1236:
1231:
1230:
1223:
1219:
1207:
1199:
1197:
1191:
1190:
1183:
1173:
1171:
1163:
1162:
1158:
1148:
1144:
1134:
1130:
1118:
1117:
1113:
1101:
1093:
1091:
1087:
1083:
1082:
1078:
1068:
1066:
1058:
1057:
1053:
1041:
1032:
1027:
1026:
1022:
1010:
998:
996:
991:
990:
986:
976:
974:
968:
967:
963:
953:
951:
940:
939:
935:
925:
923:
910:
909:
905:
893:
885:
883:
877:
876:
869:
859:
857:
851:
850:
846:
836:
834:
828:
827:
823:
783:
778:
777:
773:
763:
761:
755:
754:
747:
735:
727:
725:
721:
717:
716:
712:
707:
693:X-ray telescope
650:
643:
636:
631:
629:
622:
617:
615:
612:
605:
602:
593:
590:
581:
575:
566:
563:
554:
551:
542:
516:
499:
493:
490:
487:
478:
474:
467:
447:
419:
395:
312:
311:
305:
297:
291:
243:Apogee altitude
226:Low Earth orbit
106:
52:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5834:
5832:
5824:
5823:
5818:
5813:
5808:
5803:
5798:
5793:
5788:
5783:
5773:
5772:
5766:
5765:
5761:Crewed flights
5757:
5754:
5753:
5751:
5750:
5745:
5739:
5733:
5724:
5717:
5712:
5704:
5699:
5696:
5690:
5688:
5684:
5683:
5681:
5680:
5656:
5655:(3 satellites)
5650:
5644:
5639:
5634:
5603:
5598:
5582:
5580:
5576:
5575:
5573:
5572:
5560:
5555:
5546:
5544:Progress MS-07
5541:
5536:
5527:
5522:
5516:
5510:
5508:
5504:
5503:
5501:
5500:
5491:
5485:
5480:
5473:
5461:
5454:
5449:
5442:
5440:
5436:
5435:
5433:
5432:
5425:
5420:
5415:
5410:
5405:
5402:
5391:
5381:
5379:
5375:
5374:
5372:
5371:
5364:
5329:
5324:
5317:
5315:
5311:
5310:
5308:
5307:
5298:
5292:
5287:
5277:
5268:LituanicaSAT-2
5214:Max Valier Sat
5207:
5202:
5196:HXMT / Insight
5193:
5191:Progress MS-06
5188:
5183:
5178:
5144:
5135:
5129:
5127:
5123:
5122:
5120:
5119:
5113:
5108:
5103:
5098:
5093:
5084:
5076:
5074:
5070:
5069:
5067:
5066:
5057:
5050:
5033:
5027:
5025:
5021:
5020:
5018:
5017:
5012:
5003:
4998:
4993:
4988:
4983:
4973:
4971:
4967:
4966:
4964:
4963:
4961:Progress MS-05
4958:
4953:
4916:
4906:
4904:
4900:
4899:
4897:
4896:
4891:
4886:
4877:
4868:
4862:
4857:
4851:
4849:
4845:
4844:
4838:
4823:
4822:
4820:
4819:
4812:
4805:
4797:
4788:
4787:
4785:
4784:
4773:
4770:
4769:
4767:
4766:
4761:
4756:
4751:
4746:
4741:
4735:
4733:
4729:
4728:
4726:
4725:
4720:
4715:
4710:
4705:
4700:
4695:
4690:
4685:
4680:
4675:
4670:
4665:
4660:
4655:
4650:
4645:
4640:
4635:
4628:
4623:
4618:
4611:
4606:
4601:
4596:
4590:
4588:
4584:
4583:
4581:
4580:
4572:
4564:
4556:
4548:
4540:
4532:
4524:
4516:
4508:
4500:
4491:
4489:
4485:
4484:
4482:
4481:
4473:
4464:
4462:
4454:
4453:
4451:
4450:
4442:
4434:
4426:
4418:
4410:
4402:
4394:
4386:
4378:
4370:
4362:
4354:
4346:
4338:
4330:
4322:
4314:
4306:
4298:
4290:
4282:
4274:
4273:
4272:
4267:
4262:
4257:
4252:
4247:
4242:
4237:
4227:
4219:
4211:
4203:
4195:
4187:
4179:
4171:
4163:
4155:
4147:
4139:
4131:
4123:
4115:
4107:
4099:
4091:
4083:
4075:
4067:
4059:
4051:
4043:
4035:
4027:
4019:
4011:
4003:
3995:
3987:
3979:
3971:
3963:
3955:
3947:
3939:
3931:
3923:
3915:
3907:
3899:
3891:
3886:Compton (CGRO)
3883:
3875:
3867:
3859:
3851:
3838:
3837:
3836:
3831:
3818:
3813:ASCA (Astro-D)
3810:
3802:
3794:
3786:
3778:
3770:
3762:
3754:
3746:
3738:
3730:
3722:
3713:
3711:
3707:
3706:
3704:
3703:
3698:
3693:
3688:
3683:
3678:
3673:
3668:
3663:
3658:
3653:
3648:
3643:
3638:
3633:
3628:
3623:
3618:
3613:
3611:Hypertelescope
3608:
3603:
3598:
3593:
3591:Fresnel Imager
3588:
3583:
3578:
3573:
3567:
3565:
3559:
3558:
3556:
3555:
3547:
3539:
3531:
3523:
3515:
3507:
3499:
3491:
3483:
3475:
3467:
3459:
3451:
3443:
3435:
3427:
3419:
3410:
3408:
3404:
3403:
3400:
3399:
3397:
3396:
3388:
3380:
3372:
3364:
3356:
3348:
3340:
3332:
3324:
3315:
3313:
3307:
3306:
3304:
3303:
3295:
3287:
3279:
3271:
3263:
3255:
3247:
3239:
3234:Max Valier Sat
3231:
3223:
3215:
3207:
3199:
3191:
3183:
3175:
3170:HXMT (Insight)
3167:
3162:Einstein Probe
3159:
3151:
3146:Chandra (AXAF)
3143:
3134:
3132:
3122:
3121:
3119:
3118:
3110:
3102:
3094:
3086:
3078:
3070:
3062:
3054:
3046:
3038:
3030:
3021:
3019:
3013:
3012:
3010:
3009:
3001:
2993:
2985:
2977:
2969:
2961:
2953:
2945:
2937:
2929:
2921:
2913:
2905:
2897:
2889:
2881:
2877:constellation
2872:
2864:
2855:
2853:
2847:
2846:
2844:
2843:
2835:
2827:
2819:
2810:
2808:
2802:
2801:
2799:
2798:
2790:
2782:
2774:
2766:
2758:
2749:
2747:
2738:
2734:
2733:
2728:
2726:
2725:
2718:
2711:
2703:
2694:
2693:
2691:
2690:
2687:
2681:
2675:
2668:
2665:
2664:
2661:
2660:
2658:
2657:
2652:
2647:
2642:
2637:
2632:
2626:
2624:
2617:
2613:
2612:
2605:
2603:
2600:
2599:
2597:
2596:
2589:
2582:
2575:
2568:
2563:
2556:
2549:
2542:
2537:
2530:
2525:
2520:
2515:
2508:
2503:
2498:
2493:
2487:
2485:
2471:
2470:
2468:
2467:
2460:
2453:
2446:
2439:
2432:
2425:
2418:
2411:
2404:
2399:
2394:
2389:
2384:
2379:
2374:
2368:
2366:
2360:
2359:
2357:
2356:
2349:
2342:
2335:
2328:
2321:
2314:
2307:
2304:85β89 (THEMIS)
2300:
2293:
2286:
2281:
2276:
2271:
2264:
2258:
2256:
2250:
2249:
2247:
2246:
2241:
2236:
2231:
2226:
2221:
2216:
2211:
2206:
2201:
2196:
2191:
2186:
2181:
2176:
2171:
2166:
2161:
2159:52 (Hawkeye 1)
2156:
2151:
2146:
2141:
2136:
2131:
2126:
2121:
2119:44 (Solrad 10)
2116:
2111:
2106:
2101:
2096:
2091:
2086:
2081:
2076:
2071:
2066:
2061:
2056:
2051:
2046:
2041:
2036:
2031:
2026:
2021:
2016:
2011:
2006:
2001:
1996:
1991:
1986:
1981:
1976:
1971:
1966:
1961:
1956:
1951:
1946:
1941:
1936:
1931:
1926:
1921:
1916:
1911:
1906:
1901:
1896:
1891:
1886:
1881:
1876:
1871:
1865:
1863:
1856:
1852:
1851:
1846:
1843:
1842:
1837:
1835:
1834:
1827:
1820:
1812:
1803:
1802:
1800:
1799:
1788:
1785:
1784:
1782:
1781:
1776:
1770:
1768:
1764:
1763:
1761:
1760:
1755:
1750:
1745:
1740:
1735:
1730:
1725:
1719:
1717:
1713:
1712:
1710:
1709:
1704:
1698:
1696:
1690:
1689:
1686:
1685:
1683:
1682:
1677:
1671:
1669:
1665:
1664:
1662:
1661:
1658:
1652:
1650:
1643:
1639:
1638:
1635:
1634:
1632:
1631:
1623:
1621:
1612:
1608:
1607:
1600:
1598:
1595:
1594:
1592:
1591:
1586:
1581:
1576:
1571:
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1234:External links
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5647:Jilin-1 Video
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5601:Mohammed VI-A
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5404:Blagovest 11L
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5394:Dragon CRS-12
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5336:Flying Laptop
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5231:Green Diamond
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5147:Dragon CRS-11
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5142:Eutelsat 172B
5139:
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5124:
5117:
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5112:
5111:"It's a Test"
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5101:Inmarsat-5 F4
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4956:Dragon CRS-10
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3486:Solar-C EUVST
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3383:Solar Orbiter
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2501:76 (TERRIERS)
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2084:37 (Solrad 9)
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2049:30 (Solrad 8)
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1508:Boom Assembly
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1213:public domain
1195:
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1139:February 2019
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1107:public domain
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1047:public domain
1038:
1031:
1024:
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1016:public domain
1007:
994:
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899:public domain
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741:public domain
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531:constellation
528:
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497:
494:February 2020
485:
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453:mission, the
452:
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429:
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416:
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411:Falcon 9 v1.2
408:
407:SpaceX CRS-11
404:
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384:
379:
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369:
365:
361:
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353:
349:
345:
341:
340:atomic nuclei
337:
336:neutron stars
333:
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325:
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309:
303:
300:←
296:
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267:92.66 minutes
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5760:
5742:Yaogan-30-03
5736:Iridium NEXT
5719:
5672:
5664:
5658:
5653:Yaogan-30-02
5534:EchoStar 105
5519:Iridium NEXT
5494:Intelsat 37e
5488:Yaogan-30-01
5456:
5427:
5366:
5332:Kanopus-V-IK
5327:Intelsat 35e
5295:Iridium NEXT
5225:Blue Diamond
5156:BRAC Onnesha
5150:
5052:
4894:Hispasat AG1
4870:
4865:Iridium NEXT
4630:
4613:
4457:Hibernating
4209:(2016β2019?)
3752:(1962, 1964)
3646:Nano-JASMINE
3470:NEO Surveyor
3394:(since 2006)
3386:(since 2020)
3378:(since 1995)
3370:(since 2019)
3362:(since 2017)
3354:(since 2008)
3346:(since 2015)
3338:(since 2015)
3330:(since 2011)
3322:(since 1997)
3301:(since 1999)
3293:(since 2024)
3285:(since 2023)
3277:(since 2022)
3269:(since 2012)
3261:(since 2017)
3257:
3253:(since 2018)
3245:(since 2009)
3237:(since 2017)
3229:(since 2004)
3221:(since 2024)
3213:(since 2019)
3205:(since 2021)
3197:(since 2020)
3189:(since 2008)
3181:(since 2002)
3173:(since 2017)
3165:(since 2024)
3157:(since 2015)
3149:(since 1999)
3141:(since 2015)
3116:(since 2004)
3108:(since 2006)
3100:(since 2020)
3092:(since 2008)
3084:(since 1995)
3076:(since 2010)
3068:(since 2013)
3060:(since 2006)
3052:(since 2021)
3044:(since 2015)
3036:(since 2022)
3028:(since 2023)
3007:(since 2018)
2999:(since 2004)
2991:(since 2008)
2983:(since 1995)
2975:(since 2010)
2967:(since 2001)
2959:(since 2013)
2951:(since 2006)
2943:(since 1990)
2935:(since 2005)
2927:(since 2013)
2919:(since 2021)
2911:(since 2023)
2903:(since 2015)
2895:(since 2019)
2887:(since 2021)
2879:(since 2013)
2870:(since 2015)
2862:(since 2018)
2841:(since 2009)
2833:(since 2008)
2825:(since 2001)
2817:(since 2022)
2796:(since 2024)
2788:(since 1994)
2780:(since 2018)
2772:(since 2006)
2764:(since 2020)
2756:(since 2018)
2683:
2672:Green titles
2591:
2584:
2577:
2570:
2544:
2518:82 (CHIPSat)
2462:
2455:
2448:
2351:
2344:
2337:
2330:
2099:40 (Injun 5)
1994:S-66A (BE-A)
1626:
1578:
1535:Experimental
1434:
1427:
1420:
1412:
1405:
1398:
1391:
1384:
1377:
1352:
1345:
1338:
1331:
1324:
1317:
1249:
1240:
1220:
1198:. Retrieved
1172:. Retrieved
1168:
1159:
1150:
1145:
1136:
1131:
1121:
1114:
1092:. Retrieved
1079:
1067:. Retrieved
1063:
1054:
1036:
1023:
1004:
997:. Retrieved
987:
975:. Retrieved
964:
952:. Retrieved
946:
936:
924:. Retrieved
920:the original
915:
906:
884:. Retrieved
858:. Retrieved
847:
835:. Retrieved
824:
791:
787:
774:
762:. Retrieved
726:. Retrieved
713:
579:X-ray lenses
524:
520:X-ray pulsar
517:
508:Cygnus NG-16
504:
491:
483:
450:
448:
439:star tracker
436:
420:
403:SpaceX CRS-7
396:
383:Cygnus NG-21
380:
376:
371:
363:
352:spectroscopy
347:
323:
319:
317:
294:
108:
84: /
80: /
68:astrophysics
65:Neutron star
61:Mission type
29:
5721:Soyuz MS-07
5694:Kosmos 2524
5630:TechEdSat-6
5558:Koreasat 5A
5464:Kosmos 2522
5458:Soyuz MS-06
5413:Michibiki 3
5385:OPTSAT-3000
5368:Soyuz MS-05
5284:Kosmos 2521
5282:/ Nivelir,
5280:Kosmos 2519
5255:InflateSail
5237:Red Diamond
5210:Cartosat-2E
5205:ChinaSat 9A
5186:EchoStar 21
5054:Soyuz MS-04
5001:IGS-Radar 5
4996:EchoStar 23
4991:Sentinel-2B
4924:Al Farabi-1
4919:Cartosat-2D
4884:SBIRS GEO-3
4570:(2014β2015)
4522:(2012β2013)
4488:Lost/Failed
4479:(1998β2010)
4471:(1998β2005)
4448:(1991β2001)
4440:(2001β2010)
4424:(1970β1973)
4416:(1983β1985)
4408:(1975β1980)
4400:(2005β2015)
4392:(2003β2020)
4384:(2011β2019)
4376:(1979β1985)
4368:(1975β1979)
4360:(1972β1973)
4352:(1992β2004)
4344:(1995β2012)
4336:(1990β1999)
4328:(2002β2018)
4320:(1983β1984)
4312:(2009β2013)
4296:(2006β2016)
4225:(1972β1981)
4217:(1968β1973)
4201:(1996β1997)
4193:(2003β2019)
4185:(2015β2017)
4177:(2015β2017)
4169:(1997β2002)
4161:(1990β2001)
4153:(2009β2018)
4145:(1996β2004)
4137:(1978β1996)
4129:(1996β1998)
4121:(1995β1996)
4097:(1989β1993)
4089:(2000β2008)
4081:(1979β1981)
4073:(1978β1982)
4065:(2013β2023)
4057:(1981β1991)
4049:(2009β2013)
4041:(1977β1979)
4033:(1997β2005)
4025:(1979β1985)
4017:(1989β1998)
4009:(1987β1991)
4001:(1990β1992)
3993:(2003β2013)
3985:(1987β2001)
3977:(1999β2007)
3969:(1992β2001)
3961:(1983β1986)
3950:Explorer 11
3921:(2017β2019)
3913:(1989β1993)
3905:(1975β1982)
3897:(2006β2013)
3889:(1991β2000)
3881:(2003β2008)
3873:(1996β2003)
3865:(1974β1976)
3857:(1983β1991)
3816:(1993β2000)
3808:(1973β1974)
3800:(2017β2019)
3792:(1979β1982)
3784:(1974β1980)
3776:(1971β1972)
3768:(1967β1969)
3744:(1962β1972)
3736:(1993β2005)
3728:(2006β2011)
3720:(2007β2024)
3017:Ultraviolet
2678:Grey titles
2506:79 (HETE-2)
2422:93 (NuSTAR)
2397:81 (RHESSI)
2372:68 (SAMPEX)
2214:61 (Magsat)
2189:56 (ISEE-1)
2079:36 (GEOS-B)
2044:29 (GEOS-A)
1429:Tranquility
1254:at nasa.gov
534:Sagittarius
276:Instruments
253:Inclination
175:Launch site
150:Launch date
129:Launch mass
109:in progress
5775:Categories
5702:Alcomsat-1
5637:Fengyun-3D
5611:Asgardia-1
5475:USA-278 /
5452:Amazonas 5
5445:USA-277 /
5418:Formosat-5
5321:Shijian-18
5274:ROBUSTA-1B
5162:GhanaSat-1
5087:Koreasat 7
5079:USA-276 /
5064:SilkRoad-1
5060:Tianzhou 1
5040:(ALTAIR ,
5031:Shijian 13
4981:Intruder 8
4429:Vanguard 3
3741:Alouette 1
3581:AstroSat-2
3298:XMM-Newton
2814:James Webb
2402:83 (GALEX)
2382:73 (TRACE)
2346:HelioSwarm
2297:84 (Swift)
2279:78 (IMAGE)
2164:53 (SAS-C)
2149:50 (IMP-J)
2144:49 (RAE-B)
2139:48 (SAS-B)
2134:47 (IMP-H)
2124:45 (SSS-A)
2114:43 (IMP-I)
2104:41 (IMP-G)
2089:38 (RAE-A)
2074:35 (IMP-E)
2069:34 (IMP-F)
2064:33 (IMP-D)
2054:31 (DME-A)
2039:28 (IMP-C)
2029:26 (EPE-D)
2014:23 (S-55C)
2004:21 (IMP-B)
1984:18 (IMP-A)
1974:16 (S-55B)
1969:15 (EPE-C)
1964:14 (EPE-B)
1959:13 (S-55A)
1954:12 (EPE-A)
1869:Explorer 1
1620:components
1446:Subsystems
1365:US Segment
1069:13 January
977:27 October
926:26 January
886:5 November
860:26 January
794:: 844313.
705:References
698:XMM-Newton
356:soft X-ray
189:Contractor
5748:AngoSat 1
5710:FOC 15-18
5553:Quasar 21
5483:AsiaSat 9
5468:GLONASS-M
5439:September
5249:COMPASS-2
4986:Tiankun-1
4914:Telkom-3S
4632:Eddington
4587:Cancelled
4094:Hipparcos
3502:Spektr-UV
3367:Mini-EUSO
3359:ISS-CREAM
3210:Spektr-RG
3130:Gamma-ray
3025:Aditya-L1
2916:Hayabusa2
2793:Queqiao 2
2737:Operating
2623:Proposals
2616:Proposals
2496:72 (SNOE)
2443:97 (IXPE)
2429:94 (IRIS)
2415:91 (IBEX)
2392:75 (WIRE)
2387:74 (SWAS)
2377:70 (FAST)
2325:96 (ICON)
2318:95 (TESS)
2311:92 (WISE)
2284:80 (WMAP)
2274:77 (FUSE)
2262:69 (RXTE)
2244:67 (EUVE)
2239:66 (COBE)
2224:63 (DE-2)
2219:62 (DE-1)
2209:60 (SAGE)
2199:58 (HCMM)
2174:55 (AE-E)
2169:54 (AE-D)
2154:51 (AE-C)
2094:39 (AD-C)
2059:32 (AE-B)
2034:27 (BE-C)
2019:24 (AD-B)
2009:22 (BE-B)
1999:20 (IE-A)
1989:19 (AD-A)
1979:17 (AE-A)
1939:11 (S-15)
1924:9 (S-56A)
1862:1958β1992
1716:Cancelled
1584:PK-3 Plus
1569:ISS-CREAM
1498:Canadarm2
816:119892783
577:Array of
387:spacewalk
5687:December
5593:BeiDou-3
5586:BeiDou-3
5579:November
5568:Flock-3m
5429:IRNSS-1H
5341:Flock-2k
5243:CICERO-6
5168:Mazaalai
5138:ViaSat-2
4942:Flock-3p
4903:February
4873:TRICOM-1
4683:Sentinel
4381:Spektr-R
4317:RELIKT-1
4158:Kristall
4046:Herschel
3870:BeppoSAX
3626:JEM-EUSO
3621:iWF-MAXI
3563:Proposed
3526:LiteBIRD
3518:Spektr-M
3250:MinXSS-2
3178:INTEGRAL
3041:Astrosat
2867:Astrosat
2806:Infrared
2512:INTEGRAL
2408:90 (AIM)
2268:71 (ACE)
2234:65 (CCE)
2229:64 (SME)
2204:59 (ICE)
2194:57 (IUE)
2129:46 (MTS)
1904:7 (S-1A)
1855:Missions
1797:Category
1695:hardware
1668:Proposed
1589:SAGE III
1414:Leonardo
1379:Columbus
1302:Orbiting
1165:"STP-H6"
1153:May 2019
916:eoPortal
837:23 April
610:See also
358:(0.2β12
74:Operator
5707:Galileo
5675:Lemur-2
5642:NOAA-20
5623:Lemur-2
5617:EcAMSat
5549:USA-279
5507:October
5498:BSAT-4a
5399:ASTERIA
5360:Lemur-2
5305:GSAT-17
5261:Lemur-2
5219:Aalto-1
5200:ΓuSat 3
5181:GSAT-19
5046:IceCube
5006:USA-275
4977:USA-274
4949:Lemur-2
4880:USA-273
4848:January
4732:Related
4643:FINESSE
4621:Destiny
4604:Astro-G
4567:Tsubame
4559:Astro-E
4535:ABRIXAS
4389:Spitzer
4373:Solwind
4325:R/HESSI
4285:Orion 2
4277:Orion 1
3982:Kvant-1
3878:CHIPSat
3841:Astro-2
3821:Astro-1
3797:ASTERIA
3789:Ariel 6
3781:Ariel 5
3773:Ariel 4
3765:Ariel 3
3757:Ariel 2
3749:Ariel 1
3710:Retired
3701:THESEUS
3686:Solar-D
3681:PhoENiX
3521:(2030+)
3478:JASMINE
3446:Xuntian
3414:SPHEREx
3407:Planned
2956:NEOSSat
2851:Optical
2777:Queqiao
2684:Italics
2630:FINESSE
2579:SunRISE
2457:TRACERS
2332:SPHEREx
1899:6 (S-2)
1767:Related
1649:Planned
1537:devices
1423:airlock
1400:Harmony
1393:Destiny
1340:Rassvet
1333:Prichal
1252:website
1243:website
1174:30 July
1094:14 June
999:14 June
954:30 July
796:Bibcode
540:Gallery
484:updated
326:) is a
302:ASTRO-H
169:B1035.1
92:Website
48:of the
5727:GCOM-C
5565:Γ 6 ,
5563:SkySat
5530:SES-11
5514:VRSS-2
5408:TDRS-M
5378:August
5106:SES-15
5091:SGDC-1
5042:CXBN-2
5015:SES-10
4936:DIDO-2
4930:BGUSAT
4840:2018 β
4825:β 2016
4708:TAUVEX
4615:Darwin
4594:Aelita
4578:(2016)
4562:(2000)
4554:(1999)
4546:(1996)
4543:HETE-1
4538:(1999)
4530:(1965)
4514:(1976)
4506:(1970)
4498:(1966)
4432:(1959)
4349:SAMPEX
4309:Planck
4304:(2018)
4301:PicSat
4293:PAMELA
4288:(1973)
4280:(1971)
4182:MinXSS
4150:Kepler
4113:(1983)
4105:(2024)
4086:HETE-2
4078:HEAO-3
4038:HEAO-1
4014:Granat
3958:EXOSAT
3953:(1961)
3945:(2010)
3937:(2008)
3929:(1993)
3918:CXBN-2
3854:Astron
3849:(1995)
3824:(1990)
3760:(1964)
3733:ALEXIS
3676:PETREL
3636:LUVOIR
3586:EXCEDE
3553:(2035)
3545:(2035)
3542:Athena
3537:(2033)
3529:(2032)
3513:(2030)
3505:(2030)
3497:(2029)
3489:(2028)
3481:(2028)
3473:(2027)
3465:(2027)
3457:(2027)
3449:(2026)
3441:(2026)
3433:(2026)
3425:(2026)
3422:K-EUSO
3417:(2025)
3391:STEREO
3327:AMS-02
3290:XPoSat
3266:NuSTAR
3105:STEREO
3049:Hibari
2940:Hubble
2932:HiRISE
2908:Euclid
2900:DSCOVR
2892:CHEOPS
2769:STEREO
2655:ESCAPE
2650:EXCEDE
2540:Hitomi
2528:Suzaku
2491:HETE-1
2184:DADE-B
2179:DADE-A
1675:Node 4
1642:Future
1611:Former
1544:AMS-02
1522:cranes
1520:Strela
1503:Dextre
1386:Cupola
1354:Zvezda
1200:12 May
1196:. NASA
1006:Trunk.
973:. NASA
882:. NASA
856:. NASA
814:
764:3 June
728:3 June
724:. NASA
681:NuSTAR
393:Launch
308:SES-14
304:(NeXT)
263:Period
257:51.64Β°
222:Regime
193:SpaceX
183:LC-39A
161:Rocket
5738:31β40
5731:SLATS
5698:LKW-1
5525:QZS-4
5447:OTV-5
5423:ORS-5
5389:VENΒ΅S
5151:NICER
5133:QZS-2
5024:April
5010:WGS-9
4970:March
4889:DSN-2
4855:TJS-2
4703:SPOrt
4698:SPICA
4678:OSO K
4673:OSO J
4527:OSO C
4511:CORSA
4503:OAO-B
4495:OAO-1
4476:TRACE
4421:Uhuru
4365:SAS-C
4357:SAS-B
4333:ROSAT
4270:OSO 8
4265:OSO 7
4260:OSO 6
4255:OSO 5
4250:OSO 4
4245:OSO 3
4240:OSO B
4235:OSO 1
4214:OAO-2
4166:LEGRI
4102:ILO-X
3998:Gamma
3990:GALEX
3942:EPOXI
3934:EPOCh
3902:Cos-B
3894:CoRoT
3829:BBXRT
3717:AGILE
3696:THEIA
3666:ORBIS
3616:ILO-1
3601:HabEx
3596:FOCAL
3571:Arcus
3534:Taiji
3494:ARIEL
3438:PLATO
3343:DAMPE
3335:CALET
3282:XRISM
3258:NICER
3226:Swift
3194:GECAM
3186:Fermi
3154:DAMPE
3138:CALET
3126:X-ray
3113:Swift
3089:SOLAR
3033:ASO-S
2996:Swift
2988:SOLAR
2884:CHASE
2875:BRITE
2830:SOLAR
2645:ASTRE
2640:OHMIC
2635:Arcus
2566:GUSTO
2560:XRISM
2546:NICER
2534:TWINS
2523:CINDI
2450:PUNCH
2254:MIDEX
1944:S-45A
1909:S-46A
1693:Spare
1680:XBASE
1618:Major
1579:NICER
1549:CALET
1436:Unity
1421:Quest
1347:Zarya
1326:Poisk
1319:Nauka
1250:NICER
1241:NICER
1088:(PDF)
1033:(PDF)
812:S2CID
784:(PDF)
722:(PDF)
451:NICER
372:NICER
368:X-ray
364:NICER
348:NICER
324:NICER
33:NICER
18:NICER
5677:Γ 10
5521:Γ 10
5477:NROL
5343:Γ 48
5314:July
5297:Γ 10
5126:June
5081:NROL
4944:Γ 88
4867:Γ 10
4833:2017
4723:XIPE
4718:XEUS
4693:SNAP
4668:LOFT
4663:JDEM
4648:GEMS
4638:FAME
4626:EChO
4599:AOSO
4551:WIRE
4519:CXBN
4468:SWAS
4437:WMAP
4341:RXTE
4190:MOST
4142:IXAE
4118:IRTS
4110:IRAS
3974:FUSE
3966:EUVE
3910:COBE
3641:Lynx
3631:LUCI
3550:LISA
3510:UVEX
3462:LORD
3454:COSI
3375:SOHO
3351:IBEX
3274:LEIA
3242:MAXI
3218:SVOM
3202:IXPE
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