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and technical assistance program to engage leaders of the construction and building community in implementing proposed changes to practices, standards, and codes. NIST also is providing practical guidance and tools to better prepare facility owners, contractors, architects, engineers, emergency responders, and regulatory authorities to respond to future disasters. The investigation portion of the response plan was completed with the release of the final report on 7 World Trade Center on
November 20, 2008. The final report on the WTC Towers—including 30 recommendations for improving building and occupant safety—was released on October 26, 2005.
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process and the role of different organizations in it...The
National Security Agency (NSA) participates in the NIST cryptography process because of its recognized expertise. NIST is also required by statute to consult with the NSA." Recognizing the concerns expressed, the agency reopened the public comment period for the SP800-90 publications, promising that "if vulnerabilities are found in these or any other NIST standards, we will work with the cryptographic community to address them as quickly as possible". Due to public concern of this
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544:. NIST employs about 2,900 scientists, engineers, technicians, and support and administrative personnel. About 1,800 NIST associates (guest researchers and engineers from American companies and foreign countries) complement the staff. In addition, NIST partners with 1,400 manufacturing specialists and staff at nearly 350 affiliated centers around the country. NIST publishes the
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1345:, and since that year the average tenure of NIST directors has fallen from 11 years to 2 years in duration. Since the 2011 reorganization of NIST, the director also holds the title of Under Secretary of Commerce for Standards and Technology. Fifteen individuals have officially held the position (in addition to four acting directors who have served on a temporary basis).
47:
350:, and instruments were acquired from the national physical laboratories of Europe. In addition to weights and measures, the Bureau developed instruments for electrical units and for measurement of light. In 1905 a meeting was called that would be the first "National Conference on Weights and Measures".
925:
investigation to study the factors contributing to the probable cause of the collapses of the WTC Towers (WTC 1 and 2) and WTC 7. NIST also established a research and development program to provide the technical basis for improved building and fire codes, standards, and practices, and a dissemination
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In addition to these journals, NIST (and the
National Bureau of Standards before it) has a robust technical reports publishing arm. NIST technical reports are published in several dozen series, which cover a wide range of topics, from computer technology to construction to aspects of standardization
1424:
NIST responded to the allegations, stating that "NIST works to publish the strongest cryptographic standards possible" and that it uses "a transparent, public process to rigorously vet our recommended standards". The agency stated that "there has been some confusion about the standards development
361:
to set up divisions to develop commercial standards for materials and products. Some of these standards were for products intended for government use, but product standards also affected private-sector consumption. Quality standards were developed for products including some types of clothing,
1416:
thereby allowing the surreptitious decryption of data. Both papers report that the NSA worked covertly to get its own version of SP 800-90 approved for worldwide use in 2006. The whistle-blowing document states that "eventually, NSA became the sole editor". The reports confirm suspicions and
659:
Hollings
Manufacturing Extension Partnership (MEP), a nationwide network of centers to assist small and mid-sized manufacturers to create and retain jobs, improve efficiencies, and minimize waste through process improvements and to increase market penetration with innovation and growth
995:
NIST released a draft of the CSF 2.0 for public comment through
November 4, 2023. NIST decided to update the framework to make it more applicable to small and medium size enterprises that use the framework, as well as to accommodate the constantly changing nature of cybersecurity.
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A uniformity of the weights and measures of the country is among the important objects submitted to you by the
Constitution and if it can be derived from a standard at once invariable and universal, must be no less honorable to the public council than conducive to the public
243:
The United States in
Congress assembled shall also have the sole and exclusive right and power of regulating the alloy and value of coin struck by their own authority, or by that of the respective states—fixing the standards of weights and measures throughout the United
855:(SRMs). These artifacts are certified as having specific characteristics or component content, used as calibration standards for measuring equipment and procedures, quality control benchmarks for industrial processes, and experimental control samples.
1473:
including weights, measures and reference data. In addition to technical reports, NIST scientists publish many journal and conference papers each year; an database of these, along with more recent technical reports, can be found on the NIST website.
991:
users, assets, and resources. Since ZTA holds no implicit trust to users within the network perimeter, authentication and authorization are performed at every stage of a digital transaction. This reduces the risk of unauthorized access to resources.
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In 2019, NIST launched a program named NIST on a Chip to decrease the size of instruments from lab machines to chip size. Applications include aircraft testing, communication with satellites for navigation purposes, and temperature and pressure.
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in 1954. NIST's activities are organized into laboratory programs and extramural programs. Effective
October 1, 2010, NIST was realigned by reducing the number of NIST laboratory units from ten to six. NIST Laboratories include:
314:
was founded with the mandate to provide standard weights and measures, and to serve as the national physical laboratory for the United States. Southard had previously sponsored a bill for metric conversion of the United States.
289:
From 1830 until 1901, the role of overseeing weights and measures was carried out by the Office of
Standard Weights and Measures, which was part of the Survey of the Coast—renamed the United States Coast Survey in 1836 and the
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declared, "Weights and measures may be ranked among the necessities of life to every individual of human society.". Nevertheless, it was not until 1838 that the United States government adopted a uniform set of standards.
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881:(WMD) of NIST. The purpose of the book is a partial fulfillment of the statutory responsibility for "cooperation with the states in securing uniformity of weights and measures laws and methods of inspection".
920:
buildings 1 and 2 and the 47-story 7 World Trade Center. The "World Trade Center
Collapse Investigation", directed by lead investigator Shyam Sunder, covered three aspects, including a technical building and
252:, ratified in 1789, granted these powers to the new Congress: "The Congress shall have power ... To coin money, regulate the value thereof, and of foreign coin, and fix the standard of weights and measures".
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which focuses on protecting resources over the network perimeter. ZTA utilizes zero trust principles which include "never trust, always verify", "assume breach" and "least privileged access" to
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since 1918 and began publication under the current name in 1949. The 2010 edition conforms to the concept of the primary use of the SI (metric) measurements recommended by the
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2007 (October 1, 2006 – September 30, 2007) of about $ 843.3 million. NIST's 2009 budget was $ 992 million, and it also received $ 610 million as part of the
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753:-borne, extreme-ultraviolet observation instruments have been calibrated at SURF since the 1970s, and SURF is used for measurement and characterization of systems for
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2500:
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749:, in continuous operation since 1961. SURF III now serves as the US national standard for source-based radiometry throughout the generalized optical spectrum. All
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266:, said, "Uniformity in the currency, weights, and measures of the United States is an object of great importance, and will, I am persuaded, be duly attended to."
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that serves as voluntary guidance for organizations to manage and reduce cybersecurity risk. It was later amended and Version 1.1 was published in April 2018.
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1921:, "THE HASSLER LEGACY: FERDINAND RUDOLPH HASSLER and the UNITED STATES COAST SURVEY: THE REBIRTH OF THE SURVEY," no publisher listed, NOAA History, 1998.
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standards secure a wide range of electronic information, from confidential email messages to e-commerce transactions that propel the modern economy.
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standards for federal employees and contractors to prevent unauthorized persons from gaining access to government buildings and computer systems.
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Due to a changing mission, the "National Bureau of Standards" became the "National Institute of Standards and Technology" in 1988. Following the
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666:(TIP), a grant program where NIST and industry partners cost share the early-stage development of innovative but high-risk technologies;
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1919:
The Coast Survey 1807–1867: Volume I of the History of the Commissioned Corps of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
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has been awarded to NIST researchers Cahn (1998) and Wineland (2007). Other notable people who have worked at NBS or NIST include:
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976:, made the Framework mandatory for U.S. federal government agencies. An extension to the NIST Cybersecurity Framework is the
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as the first director. The budget for the first year of operation was $ 40,000. The Bureau took custody of the copies of the
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in 2012, which is the largest number for any US government laboratory. All four were recognized for their work related to
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685:. NIST‑F1 serves as the source of the nation's official time. From its measurement of the natural resonance frequency of
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2019:
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that provides the "Specifications, tolerances, and other technical requirements for weighing and measuring devices".
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attacks, under the National Construction Safety Team Act (NCST), NIST conducted the official investigation into the
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whose mission is to promote American innovation and industrial competitiveness. NIST's activities are organized into
1996:
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4405:
4389:
3918:
3335:
2865:
1835:
1203:
1113:
1098:
486:, NIST is considered "notoriously underfunded and understaffed", which could present an obstacle to these efforts.
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425:, the Standards Eastern Automatic Computer. The computer went into operation in May 1950 using a combination of
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1590:
1390:
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375:
370:, the Bureau worked on multiple problems related to war production, even operating its own facility to produce
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instruments, which they use in many research fields (materials science, fuel cells, biotechnology, etc.).
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research, material measurement, and physical measurement. From 1901 to 1988, the agency was named the
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As part of its mission, NIST supplies industry, academia, government, and other users with over 1,300
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of atoms, which is directly related to the development and advancement of the atomic clock. In 2011,
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In August 2024, NIST released a final set of encryption tools designed to withstand the attack of a
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498:, also known as the National Metrological Institute (NMI), which is a non-regulatory agency of the
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2567:"Final Reports of the Federal Building and Fire Investigation of the World Trade Center Disaster"
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services for United States scientific and commercial users. A laboratory site was constructed in
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Smithsonian Institution Press, 1978, Smithsonian Studies in History and Technology, Number 40:
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made use of the metric system in commerce a legally protected activity through the passage of
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In 1948, financed by the United States Air Force, the Bureau began design and construction of
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307:
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2514:
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1956:"Agency that studied fall of Twin Towers in line to probe collapse of condo near Miami Beach"
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technical grounds publicly raised by cryptographers in 2007 that the EC-DRBG could contain a
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Board of Overseers for the Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Award (MBNQA Board of Overseers)
5089:
4583:
4568:
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3149:
2703:"Discussion Draft of the NIST Cybersecurity Framework 2.0 Core with Implementation Examples"
2674:
2544:
2145:
2109:
1767:
1361:, with at least one of them being custodial to protect public domain use, such as one for a
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Since 1989, the director of NIST has been a Presidential appointee and is confirmed by the
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which was introduced in 2019 (though the origin of CMMC began with Executive Order 13556).
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2236:. United States Department of Commerce: Boulder Laboratories. August 2004. p. 4.
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1788:"Founders Online: From George Washington to the United States Senate and House o …"
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Historic technical reports from the National Bureau of Standards digitized by the
3053:"NIST Removes Cryptography Algorithm from Random Number Generator Recommendations"
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Teerakanok, Songpon; Uehara, Tetsutaro; Inomata, Atsuo; Li, Qi (January 1, 2021).
494:
NIST, known between 1901 and 1988 as the National Bureau of Standards (NBS), is a
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National Institute on Disability, Independent Living, and Rehabilitation Research
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4708:
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4678:
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4603:
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1985:
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was the flagship scientific journal at NIST. It was published from 1904 to 2022.
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attack, NIST rescinded the EC-DRBG algorithm from the NIST SP 800-90 standard.
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National Construction Safety Team Advisory Committee (NCST Advisory Committee)
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bars that were the standards for US measures, and set up a program to provide
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107:
94:
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United States Standards of Weights and Measures, Their Creation and Creators
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2293:. National Institute of Standards and Technology. Retrieved on May 10, 2016.
988:
765:
760:
The Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology (CNST) performs research in
710:
507:
477:
465:, NIST sent engineers to the site to investigate the cause of the collapse.
354:
343:
2866:"Revealed: how US and UK spy agencies defeat internet privacy and security"
2679:
2662:
2515:"Personal Identity Verification (PIV) of Federal Employees and Contractors"
476:
began plans to create a U.S. AI Safety Institute within NIST to coordinate
4825:
2990:"Government Announces Steps to Restore Confidence on Encryption Standards"
764:, both through internal research efforts and by running a user-accessible
5148:
4658:
1988:
1817:
https://nvlpubs.nist.gov/nistpubs/bulletin/01/nbsbulletinv1n3p365_A2b.pdf
1452:
Journal of Research of the National Institute of Standards and Technology
1148:
698:
568:. On May 20, 1875, 17 out of 20 countries signed a document known as the
335:
2283:
2177:. (Salt Lake City, Utah). United Press. September 14, 1954. p. A1.
1945:, Funk and Wagnalls, 1953, Library of Congress Cat. No. 55-11094, p. 123
17:
5215:
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1337:
List of directors of the National Institute of Standards and Technology
1020:
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The SURF III Synchrotron Ultraviolet Radiation Facility is a source of
678:
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813:
46:
5239:
5232:
5220:
5203:
5180:
5001:
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4052:
2135:"Weights and Measures Standards of the United States a brief history"
2099:"Weights and Measures Standards of the United States a brief history"
1643:. National Institute of Standards and Technology. December 24, 2008.
1354:
690:
686:
673:, the nation's highest award for performance and business excellence.
533:
442:
3100:
2020:"Governments used to lead innovation. On AI, they're falling behind"
1868:
Records of the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)
1412:
that the NSA can use to covertly predict the future outputs of this
829:
Manufacturing Extension Partnership National Advisory Board (MEPNAB)
506:
Promote U.S. innovation and industrial competitiveness by advancing
3258:
2959:"NSA encryption info could pose new security risk – NIST weighs in"
2729:"NIST Releases First 3 Finalized Post-Quantum Encryption Standards"
2207:. (Connecticut). Associated Press. September 15, 1954. p. 22.
2075:. National Institute of Standards and Technology. October 5, 2010.
5227:
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Veterans Health Administration Office of Research and Development
5256:
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2569:. National Institute of Standards and Technology. October 2005.
2231:"Significant papers from the first 50 years of the Boulder Labs"
1673:. National Institute of Standards and Technology. June 8, 2021.
1059:
was awarded the 2011 Kyoto Prize for Materials Science, and the
750:
720:
702:
4829:
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13800, Strengthening the Cybersecurity of Federal Networks and
669:
Baldrige Performance Excellence Program, which administers the
580:
under the control of an international committee elected by the
5190:
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4346:
4277:
Networking and Information Technology Research and Development
2663:"Migrating to Zero Trust Architecture: Reviews and Challenges"
2263:"NIST Strengthens Laboratory Mission Focus with New Structure"
1546: – used by testing and calibration laboratories
2777:"Results of Search in US Patent Collection db for: AANM/NIST"
2545:"Fire, Not Explosives, Felled 3rd Tower on 9/11, Report Says"
2359:
873:(NCWM). Each edition is developed through cooperation of the
3213:
2416:
2397:
2378:
2340:
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738:(NCNR). The NCNR provides scientists access to a variety of
3789:
United States Army Medical Research and Development Command
3184:
3172:
2928:"Did NSA Put a Secret Backdoor in New Encryption Standard?"
2321:
1755:
Articles of Confederation of 1781, article IX, paragraph 4.
4091:
Food and Drug Administration science and research programs
3390:
National Telecommunications and Information Administration
1047:
was awarded the Nobel Prize in chemistry for his work on
884:
NIST has been publishing various forms of what is now the
449:
National Institute of Standards and Technology (from 1988)
4522:
Telemarketing and Consumer Fraud and Abuse Prevention Act
4309:
Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation
3160:
269:
On October 25, 1791, Washington again appealed Congress:
3557:
Under Secretary of Commerce for Standards and Technology
2897:"N.S.A. Able to Foil Basic Safeguards of Privacy on Web"
177:
154:
Under Secretary of Commerce for Standards and Technology
3197:
NIST Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology (CNST)
3132:
2835:"What NSA's influence on NIST standards means for feds"
1892:"noaa.gov NOAA History: NOAA Legacy Timeline 1807–1899"
1468:
and the National Institute of Standards and Technology.
810:
Information Security and Privacy Advisory Board (ISPAB)
596:
Advanced Measurement Laboratory Complex in Gaithersburg
518:
in ways that enhance economic security and improve our
398:, and shortly afterwards the autonomously radar-guided
374:
when European supplies were cut off. Between the wars,
306:
In 1901, in response to a bill proposed by Congressman
4102:
Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority
3752:
Combat Capabilities Development Command Soldier Center
3520:
Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service
2707:
National Institute for Standards and Technology (NIST)
1395:
cryptographically secure pseudorandom number generator
1015:
Four scientific researchers at NIST have been awarded
4085:
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
3824:
Marine Corps Operational Test and Evaluation Activity
3689:
United States Forest Service Research and Development
3653:
Smithsonian Institution research centers and programs
3507:
Under Secretary of Commerce for Oceans and Atmosphere
3464:
Under Secretary of Commerce for Intellectual Property
3439:
Under Secretary of Commerce for Industry and Security
2018:
Faiola, Anthony; Zakrzewski, Cat (November 2, 2023).
890:
Omnibus Foreign Trade and Competitiveness Act of 1988
40:
National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)
27:
Measurement standards laboratory in the United States
3999:
Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences
771:
facility. This "NanoFab" is equipped with tools for
437:, was built at the Los Angeles office of the NBS by
4775:
4717:
4531:
4436:
4326:
4294:
4253:
4234:
4215:
4185:
4161:
4142:
4117:
4067:
4037:
4012:
3985:
3966:
3911:
3833:
3804:
3732:
3723:
3698:
3661:
3619:
3555:
3505:
3482:
Under Secretary of Commerce for International Trade
3480:
3462:
3437:
3407:
3365:
3021:Office of the Director, NIST (September 10, 2013).
2864:James Borger; Glenn Greenwald (September 6, 2013).
2841:. 1105 Government Information Group. Archived from
916:mandated NIST to conduct an investigation into the
172:
162:
142:
131:
123:
79:
58:
53:
5293:Buildings and structures in Gaithersburg, Maryland
4445:Omnibus Crime Control and Safe Streets Act of 1968
3029:. National Institute of Standsards in Technology.
2810:. National Institute of Standards and Technology.
2779:. U.S. Patent and Trademark Office. Archived from
1421:backdoor (perhaps placed in the standard by NSA).
802:Advisory Committee on Earthquake Hazards Reduction
394:and the standardized airframe used originally for
4304:House Committee on Science, Space, and Technology
4195:Research and Innovative Technology Administration
2456:- "Forward; page 5" Retrieved: September 28, 2011
3957:Air Force Operational Test and Evaluation Center
3647:Intelligence Advanced Research Projects Activity
3409:Under Secretary of Commerce for Economic Affairs
1727:"National Institute of Standards and Technology"
357:agency, the Bureau of Standards was directed by
3714:National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
3515:National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
2201:"Ike dedicates two labs;'New type of frontier'"
1461:Journal of Physical and Chemical Reference Data
677:NIST's Boulder laboratories are best known for
504:
441:and used for research there. A mobile version,
384:World War II, military research and development
5283:National Institute of Standards and Technology
4757:National Institute of Standards and Technology
3708:National Institute of Standards and Technology
3565:National Institute of Standards and Technology
3238:Scientific and Technical Research and Services
3057:National Institute of Standards and Technology
2522:National Institute of Standards and Technology
1667:"FY 2022: Presidential Budget Request Summary"
1538:International Organization for Standardization
604:Aerial view of the Gaithersburg campus in 2019
239:, ratified by the colonies in 1781, provided:
188:National Institute of Standards and Technology
5308:United States Department of Commerce agencies
4841:
4362:
3635:National Aeronautics and Space Administration
3591:
3307:
2488:Omnibus Trade and Competitiveness Act of 1988
1566:National Physical Laboratory (United Kingdom)
1373:Controversy regarding NIST standard SP 800-90
983:It emphasizes the importance of implementing
842:A 40 nm wide NIST logo made with cobalt atoms
8:
5313:Standards organizations in the United States
4133:Coast Guard Research and Development Center
3740:Army Combat Capabilities Development Command
3255:Technical Report Archive & Image Library
2417:Hollings Manufacturing Extension Partnership
2069:"NIST Budget, Planning and Economic Studies"
1879:National Archives and Records Administration
1601:Technical Report Archive & Image Library
1556:International Bureau of Weights and Measures
578:International Bureau of Weights and Measures
39:
4108:Center for Medicare and Medicaid Innovation
2499:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
1863:
1861:
871:National Conference on Weights and Measures
30:"NIST" redirects here. For other uses, see
4863:
4848:
4834:
4826:
4369:
4355:
4347:
4096:Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality
3729:
3677:National Institute of Food and Agriculture
3598:
3584:
3576:
3314:
3300:
3292:
1937:
1935:
936:Technical Guidelines Development Committee
875:Committee on Specifications and Tolerances
869:each year after the annual meeting of the
796:Technical Guidelines Development Committee
636:Communications Technology Laboratory (CTL)
582:General Conference on Weights and Measures
502:. The institute's official mission is to:
445:, was built for the Signal Corps in 1954.
386:was carried out, including development of
45:
4473:Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act
3993:Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency
3472:United States Patent and Trademark Office
2678:
1527:Digital Library of Mathematical Functions
1055:Division from 1982 to 1984. In addition,
908:World Trade Center collapse investigation
814:Visiting Committee on Advanced Technology
5288:1901 establishments in the United States
4767:U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement
4053:Advanced Research Projects Agency–Energy
3795:Engineer Research and Development Center
2804:"Success Story: Chip-Scale Atomic Clock"
1365:, developed by a NIST team as part of a
362:automobile brake systems and headlamps,
296:United States Department of the Treasury
5303:Government agencies established in 1901
4508:Immigration and Nationality Act of 1952
4265:Office of Science and Technology Policy
3882:Command, Control and Ocean Surveillance
3812:Marine Corps Combat Development Command
3270:the University of North Texas libraries
3033:from the original on September 12, 2013
2988:Perlroth, Nicole (September 10, 2013).
2969:from the original on September 27, 2013
2938:from the original on September 19, 2012
2876:from the original on September 18, 2013
2573:from the original on November 24, 2005.
2466:100th Congress (1988) (June 16, 1988).
2171:"Ike dedicates lab, voices peace hopes"
2079:from the original on September 22, 2010
1881:website, (Record Group 167), 1830–1987.
1798:from the original on September 17, 2021
1628:
1576:NIST Handbook of Mathematical Functions
1359:Federal government of the United States
671:Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Award
642:Information Technology Laboratory (ITL)
292:United States Coast and Geodetic Survey
73:(as National Bureau of Standards),
4202:Research, Engineering, and Development
3939:Air Force Life Cycle Management Center
3380:National Technical Information Service
2907:from the original on September 8, 2013
2492:
1999:from the original on February 16, 2022
1737:from the original on September 5, 2021
542:American Recovery and Reinvestment Act
463:Surfside condominium building collapse
382:radio aircraft landing system. During
38:
4810:Electronic Privacy Information Center
4466:Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act
4452:Electronic Communications Privacy Act
3902:Operational Test and Evaluation Force
3063:from the original on August 29, 2016.
3002:from the original on October 29, 2013
2926:Schneier, Bruce (November 15, 2007).
2895:Nicole Perlroth (September 5, 2013).
2814:from the original on December 9, 2020
2478:from the original on October 10, 2021
2211:from the original on October 10, 2021
2181:from the original on October 10, 2021
2030:from the original on November 3, 2023
1707:from the original on January 19, 2024
914:National Construction Safety Team Act
651:Physical Measurement Laboratory (PML)
648:Material Measurement Laboratory (MML)
7:
3890:Naval Air Weapons Station China Lake
3385:Minority Business Development Agency
3323:United States Department of Commerce
2437:. NIST. Retrieved on March 18, 2014.
2303:Communications Technology Laboratory
2269:. September 28, 2010. Archived from
1846:from the original on October 2, 2021
1836:"Presidential Measurements Timeline"
1763:
1761:
1701:United States Department of Commerce
1533:Inorganic Crystal Structure Database
1522:Advanced Encryption Standard process
1483:Outline of metrology and measurement
964:In February 2014 NIST published the
791:NIST has seven standing committees:
500:United States Department of Commerce
435:Standards Western Automatic Computer
196:United States Department of Commerce
4795:Center for Democracy and Technology
4271:U.S. Global Change Research Program
3818:Marine Corps Warfighting Laboratory
3375:Economic Development Administration
3209:Manufacturing Extension Partnership
3111:from the original on April 24, 2024
3023:"Cryptographic Standards Statement"
2833:Konkel, Frank (September 6, 2013).
2667:Security and Communication Networks
2618:"Cybersecurity Framework Documents"
2594:. February 13, 2018. Archived from
2555:from the original on March 9, 2011.
2243:from the original on August 1, 2021
1677:from the original on August 1, 2021
1647:from the original on August 1, 2021
1612:Virtual Cybernetic Building Testbed
1571:National Software Reference Library
978:Cybersecurity Maturity Model (CMMC)
934:NIST works in conjunction with the
900:NIST is developing government-wide
4283:National Nanotechnology Initiative
4127:Science and Technology Directorate
3643:Office of Research and Development
3545:Oceanic & Atmospheric Research
3490:International Trade Administration
2641:CORPORATE INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES
1966:from the original on June 27, 2021
1561:Multiple Biometric Grand Challenge
944:Voluntary Voting System Guidelines
918:collapse of the World Trade Center
645:Center for Neutron Research (NCNR)
459:collapse of the World Trade Center
25:
4177:FBI Science and Technology Branch
3951:Air Force Institute of Technology
3608:research and development agencies
3185:NIST Standard Reference Materials
2957:Byers, Alex (September 6, 2013).
2635:Sharpe, Waits (October 6, 2022).
2341:Information Technology Laboratory
1596:Smart Grid Interoperability Panel
250:Constitution of the United States
202:laboratory programs that include
5250:
5238:
5226:
5214:
5202:
5000:
4988:
4976:
4964:
4952:
4940:
4928:
4916:
4904:
4892:
4880:
4868:
4737:Select Committee on Intelligence
3945:Air Force Nuclear Weapons Center
3540:Marine & Aviation Operations
3398:
2360:NIST Center for Neutron Research
955:Certification of voting machines
736:NIST Center for Neutron Research
723:, located near Fort Collins and
547:
496:measurement standards laboratory
366:, and electrical safety. During
353:Initially conceived as purely a
204:nanoscale science and technology
4727:Federal Bureau of Investigation
4314:Office of Technology Assessment
4200:Federal Aviation Administration
4152:United States Geological Survey
4022:Institute of Education Sciences
3641:Environmental Protection Agency
3447:Bureau of Industry and Security
2802:Ost, Laura (December 2, 2011).
2543:Eric Lipton (August 22, 2008).
2398:Physical Measurement Laboratory
2379:Material Measurement Laboratory
1389:reported that NIST allowed the
950:and other election technology.
755:extreme ultraviolet lithography
433:logic. About the same time the
302:Bureau of Standards (1901–1988)
4805:Electronic Frontier Foundation
4785:American Civil Liberties Union
4494:Right to Financial Privacy Act
4206:Federal Highway Administration
1581:NIST hash function competition
940:Election Assistance Commission
775:patterning and imaging (e.g.,
461:buildings. Following the 2021
406:of torpedo-carrying missiles.
402:anti-ship guided bomb and the
1:
4171:National Institute of Justice
4079:National Institutes of Health
3931:Air Force Research Laboratory
3855:Naval Medical Research Center
3671:Agricultural Research Service
2524:. U.S. Department of Commerce
2058:Retrieved on August 21, 2010.
1989:"NIST on a Chip Introduction"
1917:Theberge, Captain Albert E.,
1777:-Retrieved September 28, 2011
1552:International System of Units
1466:American Institute of Physics
1458:First published in 1972, the
1414:pseudorandom number generator
1289:Charlotte Emma Moore Sitterly
985:Zero-trust architecture (ZTA)
879:Weights and Measures Division
664:Technology Innovation Program
655:Extramural programs include:
620:, and operates a facility in
322:Chart of NBS activities, 1915
248:Article 1, section 8, of the
4790:American Library Association
4515:Victims of Crime Act of 1984
4480:Money Laundering Control Act
4459:Computer Fraud and Abuse Act
4225:Office of Financial Research
3452:Office of Export Enforcement
3367:Deputy Secretary of Commerce
3357:Deputy Secretary of Commerce
3173:NIST Standard Reference Data
2144:. p. 22. Archived from
2108:. p. 41. Archived from
1586:Samuel Wesley Stratton Award
1464:, is a joint venture of the
966:NIST Cybersecurity Framework
853:Standard Reference Materials
312:National Bureau of Standards
220:National Bureau of Standards
4800:Center for Public Integrity
3783:Test and Evaluation Command
3629:National Science Foundation
3429:Bureau of Economic Analysis
3422:Federal Audit Clearinghouse
1768:NBS special publication 447
1731:U.S. Department of Commerce
734:science user facility: the
639:Engineering Laboratory (EL)
5329:
5298:Cryptography organizations
4742:Department of the Treasury
3919:Air Force Materiel Command
3336:Herbert C. Hoover Building
3219:December 13, 2020, at the
3076:"NIST Series Publications"
2751:Government Printing Office
1637:"NIST General Information"
1480:
1334:
1099:Ferdinand Graft Brickwedde
952:
847:Measurements and standards
378:of the Bureau developed a
264:annual message to Congress
29:
4861:
4501:Fair Credit Reporting Act
4384:
3896:Naval Postgraduate School
3847:Naval Research Laboratory
3683:Economic Research Service
3396:
3329:
3285:October 16, 2019, at the
3231:February 6, 2022, at the
3074:NIST (February 8, 2011).
2452:October 20, 2011, at the
2049:NIST General Information.
1926:November 9, 2014, at the
1873:October 19, 2017, at the
1773:October 17, 2011, at the
1239:William Frederick Meggers
1169:Katharine Blodgett Gebbie
1061:National Medal of Science
624:, which was dedicated by
616:NIST is headquartered in
417:in use at the NBS in 1948
237:Articles of Confederation
44:
4815:Humanitarian Law Project
3841:Office of Naval Research
3746:Army Research Laboratory
3525:Marine Fisheries Service
3257:are available hosted by
3243:October 3, 2022, at the
3202:August 19, 2016, at the
3156:NIST Publications Portal
2308:October 7, 2017, at the
2289:August 26, 2016, at the
2054:August 23, 2016, at the
1603:for NIS-digitized series
1591:Scientific Working Group
1391:National Security Agency
1377:In September 2013, both
1259:Frank William John Olver
1154:Charlotte Froese Fischer
781:atomic force microscopes
576:, which established the
4856:Time signal authorities
4336:Federal Judicial Center
4208:Research and Technology
3138:August 5, 2010, at the
2588:"Questions and Answers"
1363:Chip-scale atomic clock
1184:Magnus Rudolph Hestenes
1025:William Daniel Phillips
1005:post-quantum encryption
974:Critical Infrastructure
960:Cybersecurity Framework
152:, Director of NIST and
64:; 123 years ago
3860:Naval Warfare Centers
3610:of the United States (
3280:, by Arthur H. Frazier
3190:July 12, 2017, at the
3178:July 12, 2017, at the
3166:April 2, 2019, at the
3080:NIST Reference Library
2753:. 2012. Archived from
2422:July 12, 2017, at the
2403:July 12, 2017, at the
2384:July 12, 2017, at the
2365:July 12, 2017, at the
2346:July 12, 2017, at the
2327:July 12, 2017, at the
2322:Engineering Laboratory
1943:The Story of Standards
1445:
1244:Christopher Roy Monroe
1179:Douglas Rayner Hartree
1119:William Weber Coblentz
1037:David Jeffrey Wineland
843:
819:July 13, 2017, at the
618:Gaithersburg, Maryland
613:
605:
597:
532:NIST had an operating
530:
480:matters. According to
418:
390:forecast methods, the
323:
276:
246:
212:information technology
194:) is an agency of the
167:Department of Commerce
138:1.03 billion (FY 2021)
86:Gaithersburg, Maryland
4732:Department of Justice
4059:National Laboratories
3976:Space Systems Command
3760:CCDC Armaments Center
3348:Secretary of Commerce
2845:on September 10, 2013
2637:"The History of CMMC"
1987:(December 17, 2019).
1822:June 4, 2018, at the
1792:founders.archives.gov
1489:Dimensional metrology
1440:
1309:Sheldon M. Wiederhorn
953:Further information:
841:
747:synchrotron radiation
730:NIST also operates a
611:
603:
595:
412:
321:
271:
241:
108:39.13306°N 77.22361°W
32:NIST (disambiguation)
3417:Bureau of the Census
3161:The Official US Time
2757:on November 30, 2016
2680:10.1155/2021/9947347
1898:on September 5, 2018
1842:. February 5, 2014.
1697:"Laurie E. Locascio"
1343:United States Senate
1224:William Clyde Martin
877:of the NCWM and the
777:electron microscopes
612:Boulder Laboratories
474:Biden administration
4752:Department of State
3925:Air Armament Center
2783:on October 10, 2021
2624:. February 5, 2018.
2273:on August 28, 2016.
2151:on October 26, 2011
2115:on October 26, 2011
1607:WWV (radio station)
1401:into NIST standard
1284:Richard J. Saykally
1164:John Cantius Garand
1139:Hugh Latimer Dryden
930:Election technology
865:NIST publishes the
689:—which defines the
574:Treaty of the Meter
508:measurement science
483:The Washington Post
113:39.13306; -77.22361
104: /
75:became NIST in 1988
41:
4296:Legislative branch
3776:Watervliet Arsenal
3771:Benét Laboratories
3495:Commercial Service
3107:. April 24, 2024.
3059:. April 21, 2014.
2995:The New York Times
2901:The New York Times
2735:. August 13, 2024.
1494:Forensic metrology
1446:
1393:(NSA) to insert a
1386:The New York Times
1219:Wilfrid Basil Mann
1104:Lyman James Briggs
1029:Eric Allin Cornell
844:
740:neutron scattering
681:, which houses an
614:
606:
598:
566:Metric Act of 1866
455:September 11, 2001
419:
332:Samuel W. Stratton
328:Theodore Roosevelt
324:
150:Laurie E. Locascio
5270:
5269:
5265:
5264:
4823:
4822:
4344:
4343:
4119:Homeland Security
4047:Office of Science
4008:
4007:
3766:Picatinny Arsenal
3573:
3572:
3264:May 25, 2017, at
3133:Main NIST website
3105:NIST Publications
2284:NIST Laboratories
1499:Quantum metrology
1357:on behalf of the
1254:Perley G. Nutting
1214:Cornelius Lanczos
1209:Russell A. Kirsch
1074:James Sacra Albus
1069:Milton Abramowitz
1001:quantum computer.
902:identity document
896:Homeland security
769:nanomanufacturing
693:—NIST broadcasts
622:Boulder, Colorado
570:Metric Convention
415:mass spectrometer
404:Kingfisher family
388:radio propagation
308:James H. Southard
283:John Quincy Adams
260:George Washington
255:In January 1790,
184:
183:
163:Parent department
16:(Redirected from
5320:
5255:
5254:
5243:
5242:
5231:
5230:
5219:
5218:
5207:
5206:
5005:
5004:
4993:
4992:
4981:
4980:
4969:
4968:
4957:
4956:
4945:
4944:
4933:
4932:
4921:
4920:
4909:
4908:
4897:
4896:
4885:
4884:
4873:
4872:
4864:
4850:
4843:
4836:
4827:
4704:John Conyers Jr.
4584:Michael Chertoff
4569:Dianne Feinstein
4549:Alberto Gonzales
4487:Bank Secrecy Act
4371:
4364:
4357:
4348:
4257:of the President
4255:Executive Office
4236:Veterans Affairs
3730:
3600:
3593:
3586:
3577:
3402:
3401:
3316:
3309:
3302:
3293:
3150:Federal Register
3121:
3120:
3118:
3116:
3097:
3091:
3090:
3088:
3086:
3071:
3065:
3064:
3049:
3043:
3042:
3040:
3038:
3018:
3012:
3011:
3009:
3007:
2985:
2979:
2978:
2976:
2974:
2954:
2948:
2947:
2945:
2943:
2923:
2917:
2916:
2914:
2912:
2892:
2886:
2885:
2883:
2881:
2861:
2855:
2854:
2852:
2850:
2830:
2824:
2823:
2821:
2819:
2799:
2793:
2792:
2790:
2788:
2773:
2767:
2766:
2764:
2762:
2747:"2012 Plum Book"
2743:
2737:
2736:
2725:
2719:
2718:
2716:
2714:
2709:. August 8, 2023
2699:
2693:
2692:
2682:
2658:
2652:
2651:
2649:
2647:
2632:
2626:
2625:
2614:
2608:
2607:
2605:
2603:
2598:on March 3, 2022
2584:
2575:
2574:
2563:
2557:
2556:
2540:
2534:
2533:
2531:
2529:
2519:
2511:
2505:
2504:
2498:
2490:
2485:
2483:
2463:
2457:
2444:
2438:
2433:
2427:
2414:
2408:
2395:
2389:
2376:
2370:
2357:
2351:
2338:
2332:
2319:
2313:
2300:
2294:
2281:
2275:
2274:
2259:
2253:
2252:
2250:
2248:
2242:
2235:
2227:
2221:
2220:
2218:
2216:
2197:
2191:
2190:
2188:
2186:
2167:
2161:
2160:
2158:
2156:
2150:
2139:
2131:
2125:
2124:
2122:
2120:
2114:
2103:
2095:
2089:
2088:
2086:
2084:
2065:
2059:
2046:
2040:
2039:
2037:
2035:
2015:
2009:
2008:
2006:
2004:
1982:
1976:
1975:
1973:
1971:
1952:
1946:
1939:
1930:
1914:
1908:
1907:
1905:
1903:
1894:. Archived from
1888:
1882:
1865:
1856:
1855:
1853:
1851:
1832:
1826:
1814:
1808:
1807:
1805:
1803:
1784:
1778:
1765:
1756:
1753:
1747:
1746:
1744:
1742:
1723:
1717:
1716:
1714:
1712:
1693:
1687:
1686:
1684:
1682:
1663:
1657:
1656:
1654:
1652:
1633:
1299:William C. Stone
1294:Irene Ann Stegun
1229:John M. Martinis
1194:Marilyn E. Jacox
1109:Edgar Buckingham
1089:Norman Bekkedahl
1057:John Werner Cahn
727:, respectively.
709:, Colorado, and
562:Congress of 1866
528:
429:and solid-state
200:physical science
180:
143:Agency executive
119:
118:
116:
115:
114:
109:
105:
102:
101:
100:
97:
83:100 Bureau Drive
72:
70:
65:
49:
42:
21:
5328:
5327:
5323:
5322:
5321:
5319:
5318:
5317:
5273:
5272:
5271:
5266:
5261:
5249:
5237:
5225:
5213:
5201:
5195:
5164:
5153:
5142:
5126:
5105:
5094:
5078:
5057:
5046:
5035:
5024:
4999:
4987:
4975:
4963:
4951:
4939:
4927:
4915:
4903:
4891:
4879:
4867:
4857:
4854:
4824:
4819:
4777:
4771:
4762:Customs Service
4719:
4713:
4674:Dennis Kucinich
4614:Jay Rockefeller
4527:
4432:
4380:
4375:
4345:
4340:
4328:Judicial branch
4322:
4290:
4279:Program (NITRD)
4256:
4249:
4230:
4211:
4181:
4157:
4138:
4113:
4070:
4063:
4033:
4004:
3981:
3962:
3907:
3829:
3800:
3719:
3694:
3657:
3621:
3615:
3604:
3574:
3569:
3551:
3535:Weather Service
3501:
3476:
3458:
3433:
3403:
3399:
3394:
3361:
3325:
3320:
3287:Wayback Machine
3249:USAspending.gov
3245:Wayback Machine
3233:Wayback Machine
3226:SI Redefinition
3221:Wayback Machine
3204:Wayback Machine
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2474:. GovTrack.us.
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1504:Smart Metrology
1485:
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1375:
1351:
1339:
1333:
1328:
1269:E. Ward Plummer
1144:Jack R. Edmonds
1129:Philip J. Davis
1033:John Lewis Hall
1013:
970:Executive Order
962:
957:
948:voting machines
942:to develop the
932:
910:
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863:
849:
836:
821:Wayback Machine
789:
590:
558:
529:
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520:quality of life
492:
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310:(R, Ohio), the
304:
294:in 1878—in the
262:, in his first
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54:Agency overview
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4706:
4701:
4696:
4694:Bernie Sanders
4691:
4689:Richard Durbin
4686:
4684:John E. Sununu
4681:
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4664:Lisa Murkowski
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4539:George W. Bush
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4071:Human Services
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3333:Headquarters:
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3319:
3318:
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3304:
3296:
3290:
3289:
3273:
3251:
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3223:
3214:NIST on a chip
3211:
3206:
3194:
3182:
3170:
3158:
3153:
3142:
3128:
3127:External links
3125:
3123:
3122:
3101:"Publications"
3092:
3066:
3044:
3013:
2980:
2949:
2934:. Condé Nast.
2918:
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2825:
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2549:New York Times
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2205:Meriden Record
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2010:
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1509:Time metrology
1506:
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1496:
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1481:Main article:
1478:
1475:
1470:
1469:
1456:
1434:
1431:
1427:cryptovirology
1374:
1371:
1350:
1347:
1335:Main article:
1332:
1329:
1327:
1326:
1324:Ellen Voorhees
1321:
1316:
1314:Winnie Wong-Ng
1311:
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1199:Deborah S. Jin
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1114:John M. Butler
1111:
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1091:
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1079:David W. Allan
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762:nanotechnology
725:Kekaha, Hawaii
714:radio stations
701:radio station
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396:Project Pigeon
392:proximity fuze
380:blind approach
359:Herbert Hoover
348:Washington, DC
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5090:BBC (198 kHz)
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4778:organizations
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4654:Ellen Huvelle
4652:
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4649:Russ Feingold
4647:
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4634:Paul Sarbanes
4632:
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4619:Arlen Specter
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4599:Chuck Schumer
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4554:Patrick Leahy
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4544:John Ashcroft
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3738:
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3735:
3731:
3728:
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3715:
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3690:
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3562:
3560:
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3554:
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3531:
3530:Ocean Service
3528:
3526:
3523:
3521:
3518:
3517:
3516:
3513:
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3510:
3508:
3504:
3496:
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3391:
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3376:
3373:
3372:
3370:
3368:
3364:
3358:
3354:
3351:
3349:
3345:
3344:Gina Raimondo
3342:
3341:
3338:
3337:
3332:
3331:
3328:
3324:
3317:
3312:
3310:
3305:
3303:
3298:
3297:
3294:
3288:
3284:
3281:
3279:
3274:
3271:
3267:
3263:
3260:
3256:
3252:
3250:
3246:
3242:
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3236:
3234:
3230:
3227:
3224:
3222:
3218:
3215:
3212:
3210:
3207:
3205:
3201:
3198:
3195:
3193:
3189:
3186:
3183:
3181:
3177:
3174:
3171:
3169:
3165:
3162:
3159:
3157:
3154:
3152:
3151:
3146:
3143:
3141:
3137:
3134:
3131:
3130:
3126:
3110:
3106:
3102:
3096:
3093:
3081:
3077:
3070:
3067:
3062:
3058:
3054:
3048:
3045:
3037:September 11,
3032:
3028:
3024:
3017:
3014:
3006:September 11,
3001:
2997:
2996:
2991:
2984:
2981:
2973:September 10,
2968:
2964:
2960:
2953:
2950:
2942:September 10,
2937:
2933:
2929:
2922:
2919:
2906:
2902:
2898:
2891:
2888:
2875:
2871:
2867:
2860:
2857:
2849:September 10,
2844:
2840:
2836:
2829:
2826:
2813:
2809:
2805:
2798:
2795:
2782:
2778:
2772:
2769:
2756:
2752:
2748:
2742:
2739:
2734:
2730:
2724:
2721:
2708:
2704:
2698:
2695:
2690:
2686:
2681:
2676:
2672:
2668:
2664:
2657:
2654:
2642:
2638:
2631:
2628:
2623:
2619:
2613:
2610:
2597:
2593:
2589:
2583:
2581:
2577:
2572:
2568:
2562:
2559:
2554:
2550:
2546:
2539:
2536:
2523:
2516:
2510:
2507:
2502:
2496:
2489:
2482:September 28,
2477:
2473:
2469:
2462:
2459:
2455:
2451:
2448:
2443:
2440:
2436:
2432:
2429:
2425:
2421:
2418:
2413:
2410:
2406:
2402:
2399:
2394:
2391:
2387:
2383:
2380:
2375:
2372:
2368:
2364:
2361:
2356:
2353:
2349:
2345:
2342:
2337:
2334:
2330:
2326:
2323:
2318:
2315:
2311:
2307:
2304:
2299:
2296:
2292:
2288:
2285:
2280:
2277:
2272:
2268:
2264:
2258:
2255:
2239:
2232:
2226:
2223:
2210:
2206:
2202:
2196:
2193:
2180:
2176:
2172:
2166:
2163:
2155:September 28,
2147:
2143:
2136:
2130:
2127:
2119:September 28,
2111:
2107:
2100:
2094:
2091:
2078:
2074:
2070:
2064:
2061:
2057:
2053:
2050:
2045:
2042:
2029:
2025:
2021:
2014:
2011:
1998:
1994:
1990:
1986:
1981:
1978:
1965:
1961:
1957:
1951:
1948:
1944:
1938:
1936:
1932:
1929:
1925:
1922:
1920:
1913:
1910:
1897:
1893:
1887:
1884:
1880:
1876:
1872:
1869:
1864:
1862:
1858:
1845:
1841:
1837:
1831:
1828:
1825:
1821:
1818:
1813:
1810:
1797:
1793:
1789:
1783:
1780:
1776:
1772:
1769:
1764:
1762:
1758:
1752:
1749:
1736:
1732:
1728:
1722:
1719:
1706:
1702:
1698:
1692:
1689:
1676:
1672:
1668:
1662:
1659:
1646:
1642:
1638:
1632:
1629:
1623:
1618:
1615:
1613:
1610:
1608:
1605:
1602:
1599:
1597:
1594:
1592:
1589:
1587:
1584:
1582:
1579:
1577:
1574:
1572:
1569:
1567:
1564:
1562:
1559:
1557:
1553:
1550:
1545:
1544:ISO/IEC 17025
1542:
1541:
1539:
1536:
1534:
1531:
1528:
1525:
1523:
1520:
1518:
1515:
1514:
1510:
1507:
1505:
1502:
1500:
1497:
1495:
1492:
1490:
1487:
1486:
1484:
1476:
1474:
1467:
1463:
1462:
1457:
1454:
1453:
1448:
1447:
1443:
1442:Guide to NIST
1439:
1432:
1430:
1428:
1422:
1420:
1419:kleptographic
1415:
1411:
1408:
1407:kleptographic
1404:
1400:
1396:
1392:
1388:
1387:
1382:
1381:
1372:
1370:
1369:competition.
1368:
1364:
1360:
1356:
1348:
1346:
1344:
1338:
1330:
1325:
1322:
1320:
1319:Helen M. Wood
1317:
1315:
1312:
1310:
1307:
1305:
1304:Elham Tabassi
1302:
1300:
1297:
1295:
1292:
1290:
1287:
1285:
1282:
1280:
1279:Ana Maria Rey
1277:
1275:
1274:Jacob Rabinow
1272:
1270:
1267:
1265:
1262:
1260:
1257:
1255:
1252:
1250:
1249:James G. Nell
1247:
1245:
1242:
1240:
1237:
1235:
1234:Willie E. May
1232:
1230:
1227:
1225:
1222:
1220:
1217:
1215:
1212:
1210:
1207:
1205:
1202:
1200:
1197:
1195:
1192:
1190:
1187:
1185:
1182:
1180:
1177:
1175:
1172:
1170:
1167:
1165:
1162:
1160:
1157:
1155:
1152:
1150:
1147:
1145:
1142:
1140:
1137:
1135:
1132:
1130:
1127:
1125:
1122:
1120:
1117:
1115:
1112:
1110:
1107:
1105:
1102:
1100:
1097:
1095:
1092:
1090:
1087:
1085:
1084:Kathryn Beers
1082:
1080:
1077:
1075:
1072:
1070:
1067:
1066:
1064:
1062:
1058:
1054:
1050:
1049:quasicrystals
1046:
1045:Dan Shechtman
1042:
1041:laser cooling
1038:
1034:
1030:
1026:
1022:
1018:
1010:
1008:
1006:
1002:
997:
993:
990:
986:
981:
979:
975:
971:
967:
959:
956:
951:
949:
945:
941:
937:
929:
927:
924:
919:
915:
912:In 2002, the
907:
905:
903:
895:
893:
891:
887:
882:
880:
876:
872:
868:
861:
858:
856:
854:
846:
840:
833:
828:
825:
822:
818:
815:
812:
809:
806:
803:
800:
797:
794:
793:
792:
786:
784:
782:
778:
774:
770:
767:
763:
758:
756:
752:
748:
743:
741:
737:
733:
728:
726:
722:
718:
715:
712:
708:
704:
700:
696:
692:
688:
684:
680:
672:
668:
665:
662:
658:
657:
656:
650:
647:
644:
641:
638:
635:
634:
633:
630:
627:
623:
619:
610:
602:
594:
587:
585:
583:
579:
575:
571:
567:
563:
556:Metric system
555:
553:
551:
550:
549:
543:
539:
535:
523:
521:
517:
513:
509:
503:
501:
497:
489:
487:
485:
484:
479:
475:
472:In 2023, the
470:
466:
464:
460:
456:
448:
446:
444:
440:
436:
432:
428:
424:
416:
411:
407:
405:
401:
397:
393:
389:
385:
381:
377:
376:Harry Diamond
373:
372:optical glass
369:
365:
360:
356:
351:
349:
345:
341:
337:
333:
329:
320:
316:
313:
309:
301:
299:
297:
293:
287:
284:
281:
275:
270:
267:
265:
261:
258:
253:
251:
245:
240:
238:
230:
225:
223:
221:
217:
213:
209:
205:
201:
197:
193:
189:
179:
175:
171:
168:
165:
161:
155:
151:
148:
147:
145:
141:
137:
134:
132:Annual budget
130:
127:Approx. 3,400
126:
122:
117:
87:
82:
78:
69:March 3, 1901
62:March 3, 1901
61:
57:
52:
48:
43:
37:
33:
19:
5181:RNS (CHAYKA)
4922:
4756:
4699:Jerry Nadler
4589:Barack Obama
4574:Viet D. Dinh
4520:
4513:
4506:
4499:
4492:
4485:
4478:
4471:
4464:
4457:
4450:
4443:
4386:
4317:
3805:Marine Corps
3707:
3564:
3334:
3277:
3148:
3113:. Retrieved
3104:
3095:
3083:. Retrieved
3079:
3069:
3056:
3047:
3035:. Retrieved
3026:
3016:
3004:. Retrieved
2993:
2983:
2971:. Retrieved
2962:
2952:
2940:. Retrieved
2931:
2921:
2911:September 7,
2909:. Retrieved
2900:
2890:
2880:September 7,
2878:. Retrieved
2870:The Guardian
2869:
2859:
2847:. Retrieved
2843:the original
2838:
2828:
2818:December 12,
2816:. Retrieved
2807:
2797:
2787:December 12,
2785:. Retrieved
2781:the original
2771:
2759:. Retrieved
2755:the original
2750:
2741:
2732:
2723:
2711:. Retrieved
2706:
2697:
2670:
2666:
2656:
2644:. Retrieved
2640:
2630:
2621:
2612:
2600:. Retrieved
2596:the original
2591:
2561:
2548:
2538:
2526:. Retrieved
2521:
2509:
2487:
2480:. Retrieved
2471:
2461:
2442:
2431:
2412:
2393:
2374:
2355:
2336:
2317:
2298:
2279:
2271:the original
2266:
2257:
2245:. Retrieved
2225:
2213:. Retrieved
2204:
2195:
2183:. Retrieved
2175:Deseret News
2174:
2165:
2153:. Retrieved
2146:the original
2141:
2129:
2117:. Retrieved
2110:the original
2105:
2093:
2081:. Retrieved
2072:
2063:
2044:
2032:. Retrieved
2023:
2013:
2003:February 16,
2001:. Retrieved
1992:
1980:
1968:. Retrieved
1960:Miami Herald
1959:
1950:
1942:
1941:John Perry,
1918:
1912:
1902:December 16,
1900:. Retrieved
1896:the original
1886:
1848:. Retrieved
1839:
1830:
1812:
1802:November 16,
1800:. Retrieved
1791:
1782:
1751:
1741:September 5,
1739:. Retrieved
1730:
1721:
1709:. Retrieved
1691:
1679:. Retrieved
1670:
1661:
1649:. Retrieved
1640:
1631:
1471:
1459:
1450:
1441:
1433:Publications
1423:
1399:Dual EC DRBG
1384:
1380:The Guardian
1378:
1376:
1352:
1340:
1189:Marcia Huber
1134:Marla Dowell
1124:Ronald Collé
1035:in 2005 and
1019:for work in
1017:Nobel Prizes
1014:
998:
994:
982:
963:
933:
911:
899:
885:
883:
878:
874:
866:
864:
859:
850:
790:
773:lithographic
759:
744:
729:
707:Fort Collins
695:time signals
683:atomic clock
676:
654:
615:
588:Organization
573:
569:
559:
546:
545:
531:
505:
493:
490:Constitution
481:
471:
467:
452:
439:Harry Huskey
427:vacuum tubes
420:
352:
325:
305:
288:
277:
274:convenience.
272:
268:
254:
247:
242:
234:
219:
191:
187:
185:
80:Headquarters
36:
4709:Butch Otter
4679:Larry Craig
4644:Tom Daschle
4604:Lamar Smith
4594:Eric Holder
4559:Orrin Hatch
4378:Patriot Act
3968:Space Force
3663:Agriculture
3620:Independent
3247:account on
2761:December 2,
2713:October 19,
2472:Legislation
2468:"H.R. 4848"
2447:Handbook 44
2142:ts.nist.gov
2106:ts.nist.gov
2034:November 6,
1711:January 19,
1405:that had a
1353:NIST holds
1204:John Kelsey
1174:Nada Golmie
923:fire safety
886:Handbook 44
867:Handbook 44
860:Handbook 44
660:strategies;
548:Handbook 44
538:fiscal year
368:World War I
208:engineering
111: /
5277:Categories
5176:RJH (Beta)
4718:Government
4639:Trent Lott
4629:Dick Armey
4624:Mike Oxley
4609:Bob Graham
4069:Health and
3904:(OPTEVFOR)
3353:Don Graves
3266:Archive-It
2083:October 6,
1850:October 2,
1624:References
1264:Anne Plant
1159:Tim Foecke
1053:Metallurgy
787:Committees
629:Eisenhower
516:technology
364:antifreeze
330:appointed
326:President
231:Background
99:77°13′25″W
96:39°07′59″N
5138:DCF (EFR)
4669:Ron Wyden
4579:Joe Biden
4318:(defunct)
4129:(S&T)
4030:(NIDILRR)
4014:Education
3912:Air Force
3791:(USAMRDC)
3762:(CCDCAC)
3742:(CCDCOM)
3691:(R&D)
3115:April 24,
3085:April 24,
2689:1939-0114
2215:March 23,
2185:March 23,
1403:SP 800-90
1331:Directors
1031:in 2001,
1027:in 1997,
989:safeguard
766:cleanroom
711:shortwave
626:President
512:standards
478:AI safety
355:metrology
344:metrology
280:President
278:In 1821,
257:President
124:Employees
5007:VNIIFTRI
4659:Ron Paul
4273:(USGCRP)
4217:Treasury
4144:Interior
4135:(CG RDC)
4055:(ARPA-E)
4049:(DOE SC)
3959:(AFOTEC)
3941:(AFLCMC)
3884:(NCCOSC)
3876:Undersea
3826:(MCOTEA)
3754:(CCDCSC)
3700:Commerce
3622:agencies
3606:Federal
3283:Archived
3262:Archived
3241:Archived
3229:Archived
3217:Archived
3200:Archived
3188:Archived
3176:Archived
3164:Archived
3136:Archived
3109:Archived
3061:Archived
3031:Archived
3000:Archived
2967:Archived
2963:Politico
2936:Archived
2905:Archived
2874:Archived
2812:Archived
2673:: 1–10.
2646:April 8,
2602:March 3,
2571:Archived
2553:Archived
2528:July 13,
2495:cite web
2476:Archived
2450:Archived
2420:Archived
2401:Archived
2382:Archived
2363:Archived
2344:Archived
2325:Archived
2306:Archived
2287:Archived
2247:July 23,
2238:Archived
2209:Archived
2179:Archived
2077:Archived
2052:Archived
2028:Archived
1997:Archived
1964:Archived
1924:Archived
1871:Archived
1844:Archived
1820:Archived
1796:Archived
1771:Archived
1735:Archived
1705:Archived
1681:July 18,
1675:Archived
1651:July 18,
1645:Archived
1477:See also
1410:backdoor
1149:Ugo Fano
834:Projects
817:Archived
699:longwave
525:—
336:kilogram
178:nist.gov
18:NIST CNR
4564:Jon Kyl
4430:History
4267:(OSTP)
4163:Justice
4104:(BARDA)
4087:(NIOSH)
3995:(DARPA)
3921:(AFMC)
3870:Surface
3814:(MCCDC)
3725:Defense
3649:(IARPA)
3147:in the
1970:July 8,
1397:called
1355:patents
1349:Patents
1051:in the
1021:physics
938:of the
804:(ACEHR)
732:neutron
679:NIST‑F1
572:or the
244:States.
226:History
216:neutron
173:Website
67: (
5233:JN53DV
5221:HD2IOA
5020:ALS162
4747:FinCEN
4532:People
4387:Titles
4316:(OTA)
4154:(USGS)
4110:(CMMI)
4098:(AHRQ)
4039:Energy
3953:(AFIT)
3933:(AFRL)
3892:(NAWS)
3878:(NUWC)
3872:(NSWC)
3866:(NAWC)
3857:(NMRC)
3843:(ONR)
3820:(MCWL)
3797:(ERDC)
3785:(ATEC)
3716:(NOAA)
3710:(NIST)
3679:(NIFA)
3637:(NASA)
2687:
2369:(NCNR)
1554:, see
1540:(ISO)
1529:(DLMF)
1444:in PDF
1011:People
1003:These
823:(VCAT)
798:(TGDC)
691:second
687:cesium
534:budget
514:, and
443:DYSEAC
88:, U.S.
59:Formed
5133:DCF77
5042:MIKES
5011:Other
4899:MIKES
4887:KRISS
4285:(NNI)
4246:(ORD)
4227:(OFR)
4173:(NIJ)
4081:(NIH)
4024:(IES)
4001:(USU)
3986:Other
3978:(SSC)
3947:(NWC)
3927:(AAC)
3898:(NPS)
3849:(NRL)
3748:(ARL)
3685:(ERS)
3673:(ARS)
3631:(NSF)
3259:TRAIL
2932:Wired
2518:(PDF)
2426:(MEP)
2407:(PML)
2388:(MML)
2350:(ITL)
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