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in the form of images and astronomical catalogs. Rubin
Observatory will have a dedicated wide field imager, and the telescope will cover the entire sky visible from the southern hemisphere approximately every week. By repeating the observations over and over for ten years, the Rubin Observatory will produce a very deep image of the sky, but it will also detect large numbers of astronomical objects which vary in brightness daily or on longer time scales. Rubin Observatory scientists will analyze, or "mine", the LSST data rather than go to the telescope to make their own observations.
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This System goal was further reiterated by the NSF Senior Review in 2007 when it reviewed the full suite of NSF ground-based astronomy facilities. NOAO continued to work on behalf of the community to effectively shape the System and gain steady, state-of-the-art research capabilities of all apertures
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NOAO has worked very hard with the US community in the ensuing years in developing this System. A clear success story is the public access to non-federal large aperture telescopes through the NSF funded and NOAO managed
Telescope System Instrumentation Program (TSIP). This program, accomplished with
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NOAO was a founding partner in the Vera C. Rubin
Observatory project. Rubin Observatory is an 8m class telescope which will change the way some astronomers do science. More like a large physics program, Rubin Observatory will run its own experiment and provide data to the Rubin Observatory community
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Rubin
Observatory is currently in the pre-construction phase, with first light targeted for 2023. During this phase, AURA is managing for design and development of the Rubin Observatory telescope system and site facilities. Rubin Observatory will be located on Cerro Pachón in Chile, near the Gemini
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Gemini is the only facility available to all US astronomers on a permanent basis for large aperture science. Large apertures are typically taken to be between 6.5m and 10m. Gemini provides near infrared, mid infrared (10–20 micrometer), and optical imaging and spectroscopy in both the southern and
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U.S. ground-based optical and infrared facilities...should...be viewed by the
National Science Foundation (NSF) and the astronomical community as a single integrated system drawing on both federal and nonfederal funding sources. Effective national organizations are essential to coordinate, and to
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Astronomy and
Astrophysics in the New Millennium, Astronomy and Astrophysics Survey Committee, Board on Physics and Astronomy–Space Studies Board, Commission on Physical Sciences, Mathematics, and Applications, National Research Council, National Academy Press, Washington,
320:, a poorly understood component to the universe which is currently causing the universe to accelerate in its expansion. The Blanco began hosting a new 3-degree field of view camera called the Dark Energy Camera, also known as DECam, in 2012. This camera is being built at
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A future major capability for the US system is an
Extremely Large Telescope with diameter up to 30 meters. Two private consortia are currently working on such projects which may be operational before the end of the decade. These are the
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NOAO operated world class research telescopes in both the northern and southern hemispheres. These telescopes, located at Kitt Peak and Cerro Tololo in the US and Chile respectively, remain in operation under the auspices of the NSF’s
209:(NSF) funded NOAO to provide forefront astronomical research facilities for US astronomers. Professional astronomers from any country in the world could apply to use the telescopes operated by NOAO under the NSF's "open skies" policy.
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though observations of external galaxies which showed that the galaxies rotated faster than they should have if the motion were due only to the mass in stars seen in visible light images.
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Kitt Peak is the
National Observatory of the United States, in contrast to the various benefactor and privately funded telescopes. The largest optical telescope at Kitt Peak is the
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ensure the success and efficiency of, these systems. Universities and independent observatories should work with the national organizations to ensure the success of these systems.
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Marois, C.; MacIntosh, B.; Barman, T.; Zuckerman, B.; Song, I.; Patience, J.; Lafreniere, D.; Doyon, R. (2008). "Direct
Imaging of Multiple Planets Orbiting the Star HR 8799".
260:. The two sites allow US astronomers to make observations over the entire sky. Instrumentation includes optical to near infrared wavelength (0.4 to 5 micrometers) cameras and
157:, and the bureaucracy also supports a variety of other instruments throughout the United States and internationally, but not telescopes such as Hubble, supported by
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The observatory was established in 1958, and its largest telescope, the
Nicholas Mayall 4m was dedicated in 1973. The Mayall played a key role in the discovery of
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the enthusiastic support of the US non federal observatories, supplies the broad US community with some 70 nights of observing time per year.
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A new wide field imager working at near infrared wavelengths (NEWFIRM) has been deployed to advance studies of galactic star formation,
373:. The mountain has been leased from the Tohono O'odham since 1958. The native name for the mountain is "loligam" which means manzanita.
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on Astronomy and Astrophysics in the coming decade. Among other high priorities, the committee responsible for the report concluded:
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339:(SOAR). SOAR concentrates on high angular resolution observations and will soon deploy an
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282:. The CTIO telescopes are located some 70 km inland in the foothills of the Chilean
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in Chicago, USA, and will be operated by CTIO. This instrument was built to execute the
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30 by the 4-meter (158 inch) aperture Mayall telescope, a ground-based optical telescope
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One of Gemini's strengths is high angular resolution imaging accomplished through
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as a function of look back time to shed light on the nature of dark energy.
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224:. The budget for NOAO during the 2017 fiscal year was nearly $ 23 million.
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in Chile. On October 1, 2019, NOAO merged its operations with the
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CTIO has a base and office facility in the seaside town of
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The Blanco 4m played the central role in the discovery of
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NOAO also manages US participation in the international
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From the Ground Up: Balancing the NSG Astronomy Program
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NOAO was founded in 1984 to join the operations of the
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Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy
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189:national observatory for ground-based nighttime
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525:At the beginning of the new millennium, the
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161:(which a different government organization).
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888:Buildings and structures in Tucson, Arizona
414:Gemini Observatory on Cerro Pachon in Chile
460:and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory.
343:module to help support such observations.
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740:https://www.nsf.gov/dir/index.jsp?org=MPS
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505:Learn how and when to remove this message
337:Southern Astrophysical Research Telescope
118:https://legacy.noirlab.edu/about-noao.php
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595:Other Optical Observatories in Arizona
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179:National Optical Astronomy Observatory
34:National Optical Astronomy Observatory
873:Astronomical observatories in Arizona
581:Carnegie Institution of Washington's
568:Other Optical Observatories in Chile
521:The 4-meter aperture Mayall telescope
476:This section may contain information
347:Kitt Peak National Observatory (KPNO)
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878:Astronomical observatories in Chile
27:United States national observatory
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399:NOAO Gemini Science Center (NGSC)
155:4 meter aperture Mayall reflector
75:National Science Foundation, AURA
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527:National Academy of Sciences
883:National Science Foundation
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303:Victor M. Blanco Telescope
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241:Vera C. Rubin Observatory
212:NOAO was operated by the
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583:Las Campanas Observatory
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131:Related media on Commons
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431:W. M. Keck Observatory
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573:Very Large Telescope
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307:Victor Manuel Blanco
673:2008Sci...322.1348M
657:(5906): 1348–1352.
618:Steward Observatory
589:Magellan telescopes
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386:dark matter
318:dark energy
191:ultraviolet
98:Established
88:Pima County
30:Observatory
867:Categories
636:References
251:Telescopes
185:) was the
60:NOAO
797:Education
773:Astronomy
697:206516630
664:0811.2606
571:Europe's
393:cosmology
203:astronomy
169:Image of
689:19008415
563:See also
322:Fermilab
239:and the
201:(OUVIR)
199:infrared
80:Location
821:Science
761:Arizona
747:Portals
669:Bibcode
651:Science
458:NOIRLab
435:HR 8799
258:NOIRLab
245:NOIRLab
195:optical
114:Website
92:Arizona
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205:. The
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171:Abell
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