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38:
189:(150 mm) tall and can be taller on some roads, so at true scale the rails would be about 0.040 inches (1.0 mm) high. Many older N-scale models may not run well on Code 55 track as their flanges are often unrealistically large, causing the wheels to bounce along the ties instead of ride along the railhead. Wheelsets with these large flanges are colloquially known as 'pizza cutters' due to a resemblance to the kitchen utensil.
537:
new manufacturer has arrived on the scene (November 2011) with
Australia-N Railways using both Australian locally manufactured detail accessories and top end Chinese factories to produce their new locomotives and rolling stock. Other kits continue to be released using the more usual method of resin-based castings and it is now possible obtain models of railways running in most states, although the coverage is highly variable.
225:
552:
185:) track gauge modelling. The terms N scale and N gauge are often inaccurately used interchangeably, as scale is defined as ratio or proportion of the model, and gauge only as a distance between rails. The scale 1:148 defines the rail-to-rail gauge equal to 9 mm exactly (at the cost of scale exactness), so when calculating the rail or track use 1:160 and for engines and car wheel base use 1:148.
332:
640:) was constructed using historic photographs and contains brick castings, brass-etched fire escapes, and computer-generated window panes. The detail on the Goat Canyon Trestle includes the prototype's railings, catwalks, and fire suppression system. The power plant contains fibre-optic strobe lights in its chimney. Many buildings have detailed interiors, right down to the
584:
340:
316:
324:
660:. The Clinchfield layout measured 6 by 13 feet (1.8 by 4.0 m) and was noteworthy for a number of reasons: 1) it was highly portable because of its modular construction, 2) it showed the potential of high scenery to track ratios possible in 1:160, 3) it used a unique aluminum frame and (at the time revolutionary)
596:
in 1978. Thirty years later, the project grew to more than 750 square metres (8,100 sq ft). Frey's "Stuttgart Hbf" layout is an exact replica of the
Stuttgart main railway station with its related railyards in the 1970s. The layout is based on extensive background research of the prototype.
404:
Profi-Coupler system for more reliable operation should they wish to do so, but most N scale rolling stock continues to be manufactured with Rapido couplers - a design which is fairly robust and easy to mold. Modern N scale stock uses a standard NEM socket for couplers which allows different coupling
609:
in
California, United States. Pacific Desert Lines is a 1,200-square-foot (110 m) layout featuring hand-laid code 40 rail. Each piece of rail is 0.040 inches (1.0 mm) high and is manually affixed to the roadbed by solder to copper-clad ties placed every 5th tie. About 33 miles (53 km)
396:
and branded Magne-Matic. The MT couplers (as they are known) are more delicate and closer to scale North
American appearance than Rapido couplers. Also, they can be opened by a magnet placed under the track. Other manufacturers, such as Atlas, McHenry and Kato, are now making couplers that mate with
559:
Since the former
Japanese National Railway and other major private railways adopted a track gauge of 1,067 millimetres (3 ft 6.0 in), Japanese N-scale models of conventional railways adopted 1:150 scale with 9 mm gauge. But, in the case of Shinkansen, which adopted a 1,435-millimetre
536:
Manufacturers have started to engage
Chinese manufacturers to produce very high quality wagons and locomotives. The Victorian producer Aust-N-Rail pioneered this approach, while in 2011, BadgerBits released Australia's first ready-to-run N gauge locomotive, a 48 class retailing for around A$ 240. A
267:
standards at best, within two years N-scale manufacturers defined the gauge and voltage, as well as the height and type of couplers. For example, Arnold developed the now ubiquitous "Rapido" coupler to provide a simple and robust releasable coupler design. Although the original Arnold coupler has
188:
All rails are spaced 9 mm apart but the height can differ. Rail height (in thousandths of an inch) is expressed as a "code": thus, Code 55 rails are 0.055 inches (1.4 mm) high while Code 80 rails have a height of 0.080 inches (2.0 mm). Common real railroad rails are at least 6 inches
355:
in North
America. These standards are generally the same for such elements as track gauge, scale ratio, couplings, and electrical power, and differ for clearances and other factors that are specific to the prototype being modelled. The wheel and track standards are, however, slightly incompatible
279:
N scale in
Australia has become more popular over the years. Modellers use mainly US, British, and European prototypes because for a long time, the Australian market had no N-scale models of local prototype. The creation of local prototypes is now a flourishing "cottage" industry, making Australia
664:
construction to cut down on weight and 4) it was highly prototypical for the era. The
Clinchfield layout is one of the most famous American N-scale layouts ever constructed and was awarded as the grand prize in a 1984 sweepstakes. The layout was also displayed at a number of train shows and has
532:
Australian railways use several gauges across the states, although in most cases 9 mm gauge track is used. Some modellers have used Z gauge track for Nn3 models of
Queensland Railways. N scale modelling in Australia has been a cottage-industry affair, with typically small runs of resin-based
363:
motors which accept a maximum of 12 V DC. In traditional DC control, the speed of the train is determined by the amount of voltage supplied to the rails. The direction of the train is determined by the polarity of the power to the rails. Since the end of the 20th century, an increasing number of
275:
from every continent. N scale's popularity is second only to that of HO. In Japan, where space in homes is more limited, N scale is the most popular scale, and HO scale is considered large. Not all modellers select N because they have small spaces; some use N scale to build more complex or more
523:
operation. Gearing between the motor and the axles at such a small scale was done by rubber bands, rather than the usual worm gear. A different coupling based on a shrunken OO scale coupling was fitted. The OOO couplings and specifications have long since been replaced by commercial N scale
533:
models being produced. Some etch-brass kits have also been released. In most cases, the kits have been bodies designed to run on mechanisms or bogies available from overseas. Some very fine models are starting to emerge from various Australian manufacturers with many kits now available.
405:
designs to be used by simply pulling out the old coupler and fitting a new one of a different design. In the UK, vendors are increasingly shipping both NEM sockets for couplers and buckeye (knuckle) couplers. It is also very easy to use for coupling and uncoupling.
644:
and placemats on the tables at the corner café. Some surfers appear in the water off the coast. The layout can be operated by manual or computer control. Trains can run completely unattended or a single operator can control the layout with the click of a
391:
The Rapido coupler system works well, but is difficult to use for automatic uncoupling and also relatively large. In the US, Canada, and Australia, it has been largely superseded by a more realistic-looking magnetic knuckle coupler, originally made by
508:). Coupling was by a simple loop and pin arrangement. The novelty of the "Lone Star Locos" line was such that they even found their way to the United States and were sold in the toys area of major department stores like J.J. Newberry.
601:
running software developed by the owner of the layout and features very detailed and prototypical signalling systems. The layout was kept private until his untimely death in October 2012, but in 2017 should be opened as a public
200:, or put longer track runs into the same amount of space, because the models are smaller (by nearly a half) than they are in HO scale (1:87). While N scale is quite small, it is not the smallest commercially available scale, as
387:
initially adopted a plastic flexible U rather than a spring, Peco used a compatible weighted coupler system (Elsie), and Fleischmann cunningly sidestepped the problem by using a sprung plate. All were compatible, though.
268:
been joined by more functional and aesthetically pleasing designs, Arnold allowed use of the Rapido design by other manufacturers, so established a common standard to couple together rolling stock from different sources.
476:) components. A variation of the 2 mm standards is used by the FiNe group for 1:160 scale. It uses the same rail, flange, and crossing dimensions as 2 mm (1:152) standards, but with a track gauge of
734:
As an aside on the perennial question of whether British '00' gauges use letters or numbers, Lone Star named their product the 'Treble-0-Lectric' (with a zero) yet described this as gauge 'OOO', with three
669:
was an operating and holding company for the Carolina, Clinchfield and Ohio Railway. The layout has been refurbished, outfitted for DCC, and was shown at the 2008 N Scale Collectors National Convention in
440:
In Britain, some N-scale models are built to "2 mm scale" for "2 mm to the foot" which calculates to a 1:152 proportion. Early N scale was also known as "OOO" or "treble-O" in reference to
626:, the American Agar building, and the Carlsbad flower fields and power plant. The model of the Santa Fe depot was constructed using the actual building's blueprints and was featured on the cover of
725:
It has been speculated that the term "pizza cutter" may have stemmed from the resemblance of wheels on the Lima model manufacturing company's models because Lima was an Italian company.
383:); this coupler had been produced under a license from TT-manufacturer Rokal. Most companies developed their own variants of this coupler to avoid Arnold patents on the spring system.
677:
Also in the United States, a massive N scale semipublic layout, named East Valley Lines, is in Los Angeles, California. It is maintained by a semipublic special club and is part of
429:
trains are built to 1:160 scale and made so that they run on N gauge track, but in some other countries changes are made. Finescale modellers also use variants of normal N scale.
636:
architecture is reproduced using epoxy castings of scale model adobe roof tiles. The Western Metal Supply Building (now part of the left field foul line in the San Diego Padres'
560:(4 ft 8.5 in) track gauge, models are scaled down to 1:160. A small number of modelers adopted a model scale of 1:120 using 9 mm gauge tracks to represent the
413:
307:. N-scale trains and structures are often used on HO or larger layouts to create forced perspective, or the illusion that an object is further away than it actually is.
500:(OOO) into the United Kingdom. The original die-cast metal models were push along and gauged to run on a die-cast trackwork having a gauge that was closer to
299:). A small amount of 2-foot (Nn2) industrial narrow-gauge modelling in N scale using custom track is done, but suppliers of parts are few. Nn18 layouts use
255:
Although trains and accessories of similar gauge or scale existed as early as 1927, modern commercially produced N-scale models were first launched by the
368:
technology and new motors that draw very little current (typically 0.2 amps). The most popular digital control systems used in N scale model railways are
364:
enthusiasts have started using digital train control systems to determine the speed and direction of their trains. This has in part been made possible by
610:(scale miles, actually 1,089 ft or 332 m) of mainline track are on this massive layout, as well as over 500 hand-made turnouts. Many models of
648:
In the United States, a landmark N scale project layout, the Clinchfield, was built in 1978 by Gordon Odegard and featured in a series of articles for
571:) gauge lines common in Japan. This is a different prototype gauge and scale to standard N scale with the narrower prototype gauge and called
862:
120:
scale. Depending upon the manufacturer (or country), the scale ranges from 1:148 to 1:160. Effectively the scale is 1:159, 9 mm to
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849:
691:
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468:) track gauge. Nearer to scale appearance is achieved by finer rail, flange, and crossing dimensions than commercial N gauge (
1177:
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229:
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247:
401:
822:
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1172:
47:
761:
615:
460:, a closer-to-scale standard than N scale. 2 mm scale is scaled at 2 mm to the foot (1:152) with a
19:
This article is about the model railway track size. For the handheld video game system/mobile telephone, see
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The initial agreed-to standard coupling was known as a 'Rapido' coupler from the manufacturer (
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European modellers have the option to convert the couplings on their rolling stock to the
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484:), and corresponding reduction in back-to-back. FiNe is dominated by European modellers.
335:
Photo of section of N scale layout with track and a human hand shown for size comparison
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N scale has a large worldwide following. Models are made of very many standard gauge
117:
63:
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in 1:150 scale (top) on 9 mm track gauge. Size comparison with a one-euro coin.
393:
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structures can be identified on the layout, including an intricate scale model of
437:
In the United Kingdom, a scale of 1:148 is used for commercially produced models.
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Electrified models followed soon after. The track gauge was widened to a nominal
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N-gauge track and components are also used with larger scales, in particular
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A British model (made by PECO) of an LMS 4-6-0 'Jubilee' steam locomotive
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refers to the track dimensions, but in the United Kingdom in particular
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Standards useful to both manufacturers and modellers are maintained by
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In Germany, Wolfgang Frey started to build an N-scale layout of the
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traded ownership several times by private collectors. The prototype
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is 1:450 or 1:480. N scale is considered generally compatible with
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and most vendors follow neither standard in part because of this.
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519:) and rails were isolated with nonconductive ties (sleepers) for
857:. Ramsbury, Wiltshire, UK: The Crowood Press, Ltd. p. n.p.
352:
288:
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introduced some of the first (1:160) N scale models branded as
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magazine. The article series was also reprinted in the book
296:
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448:
and was also 1:152, though for an entirely different reason.
291:
scale for modelling narrow gauge railways. N-scale models on
605:
One of the largest N-scale layouts in the world is at the
343:
Close-up of N gauge Southern Pacific GS-4 #4432 by Con-cor
618:, the Western Metal Supply Building, the Carrizo Gorge's
885:. National Model Railroad Association. 2 December 2014
263:
in 1962. Unlike other scales and gauges, which were
803:. National Model Railroad Association. January 1990
99:
84:
62:
30:
16:
Modelling scale of 1:160, 1:150 (Japan), 1:148 (UK)
762:"NMRA Standards: S-1.2 Standards for Scale Models"
555:A 1:150 scale model of a Japanese railroad diorama
146:railway. However the scale may vary to simulate
771:. National Model Railroad Association. July 2009
456:A number of modellers in the United Kingdom use
1045:"RP-3 Proto-Fine Track (Recommended practices)"
239:electric locomotive, featuring the ubiquitous
196:to build layouts that take up less space than
319:A collection of N scale buildings and scenery
8:
961:
959:
957:
955:
940:. White River Productions. 25 December 2016
851:Making a Start in N Gauge Railway Modelling
425:In the United States and Europe, models of
794:"NMRA Recommended Practices: RP-15.1 Rail"
280:N-scale modelling more popular each year.
192:An advantage of N scale is that it allows
928:
926:
788:
786:
1026:. p. 31 – via Newspapers.com.
968:"Part 1: Beginnings & Introductions"
597:The layout is computer controlled by 27
417:NS DH2 in 1:160 scale (bottom) and Kato
756:
754:
752:
748:
718:
993:"Evolution of the Magne-Matic Coupler"
829:. Kalmbach Publishing. 29 January 2010
27:
972:All About Aurora Postage Stamp Trains
295:track are used to model metre gauge (
7:
879:"Scales & More: Modeling Scales"
823:"Model railroad track codes defined"
654:Modelling the Clinchfield in N Scale
177:refers to a 1:148 scale with 1:160 (
158:(the distance between the rails) is
359:N scale locomotives are powered by
57:, shown alongside a pencil for size
1020:"N-Gauge Chugs Into Hobby Corners"
303:track and mechanisms to represent
14:
1018:Barnard, Russ (22 October 1968).
1029:
36:
905:"The German pioneer of N gauge"
692:Rail transport modelling scales
607:San Diego Model Railroad Museum
1051:. January 1990. Archived from
594:Stuttgart main railway station
1:
934:"Model Train Scale and Gauge"
1136:San Diego Society of N Scale
1118:San Diego Society of N Scale
1100:San Diego Society of N Scale
204:is smaller yet at 1:220 and
276:visually expansive models.
48:Chesapeake and Ohio Railway
1199:
848:Bardsley, Richard (2013).
616:San Diego's Santa Fe Depot
544:
18:
867:– via Google Books.
142:), which is the width of
35:
938:Railroad Model Craftsman
565:3 ft 6 in
154:rail. In all cases, the
1024:Pittsburgh Post-Gazette
397:Micro Trains couplers.
1096:"Pacific Desert Lines"
588:
556:
452:2 mm to the foot scale
422:
344:
336:
328:
320:
305:minimum gauge railways
252:
244:
71:1:148 (United Kingdom)
1178:Model railroad scales
1132:"Goat Canyon Trestle"
586:
554:
416:
342:
334:
326:
318:
250:
227:
707:Model railway scales
672:Louisville, Kentucky
667:Clinchfield Railroad
562:narrow gauge railway
658:Kalmbach Publishing
624:Palomar Observatory
620:Goat Canyon Trestle
214:miniature wargaming
46:N-scale model of a
44:Bachmann Industries
1183:Scale model scales
1173:Miniature wargames
589:
557:
528:Australian N scale
423:
351:in Europe and the
345:
337:
329:
321:
253:
245:
1114:"PDL Gallery Two"
997:Micro-Trains Line
864:978-1-84797-650-5
111:
110:
77:1:160 (elsewhere)
55:Mallet locomotive
1190:
1158:N Scale Database
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966:Smith, David K.
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911:. Hornby Hobbies
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827:Model Railroader
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650:Model Railroader
642:napkin dispenser
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541:Japanese N scale
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498:Treble-0-Lectric
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243:"Rapido" coupler
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1055:on 9 April 2014
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126:4 ft
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101:Prototype gauge
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21:N-Gage (device)
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1147:External links
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569:1,067 mm
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122:1,435 mm
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118:model railway
116:is a popular
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93:0.354 in
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74:1:150 (Japan)
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1084:(in German).
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1057:. Retrieved
1053:the original
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768:
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482:8.97 mm
462:9.42 mm
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394:Micro-Trains
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152:narrow gauge
113:
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1082:Stellwerk S
602:exhibition.
402:Fleischmann
259:company of
210:1:144 scale
166:. The term
85:Model gauge
64:Scale ratio
1167:Categories
743:References
638:Petco Park
545:See also:
488:OOO models
458:2 mm scale
273:prototypes
50:H-5 class
662:styrofoam
612:San Diego
513:9 mm
502:8 mm
494:Lone Star
492:In 1961,
470:9 mm
374:Selectrix
311:Standards
261:Nuremberg
232:model of
228:A modern
194:hobbyists
179:9 mm
160:9 mm
89:9 mm
1153:Free-MoN
1078:"(home)"
883:NMRA.org
855:(e-book)
801:NMRA.org
769:NMRA.org
735:letters.
686:See also
472: /
409:Variants
370:NMRA-DCC
265:de facto
198:HO scale
140: in
1059:11 July
702:oNeTrak
547:T gauge
301:T-scale
293:Z-scale
220:History
206:T scale
202:Z scale
135:⁄
114:N scale
52:2-6-6-2
31:N scale
999:. 2016
861:
645:mouse.
381:Arnold
257:Arnold
241:Arnold
237:Re 460
1003:3 May
977:3 May
944:3 May
915:3 May
889:3 May
833:3 May
807:3 May
797:(PDF)
775:3 May
765:(PDF)
713:Notes
697:NTrak
349:MOROP
170:gauge
156:gauge
1061:2010
1049:NMRA
1005:2020
979:2020
946:2020
917:2020
891:2020
859:ISBN
835:2020
809:2020
777:2020
573:TT-9
444:and
372:and
353:NMRA
289:00-9
230:Kato
212:for
148:wide
656:by
599:PCs
297:Nn3
285:H0e
234:SBB
181:or
162:or
150:or
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