8254:
45:
425:
243:
3236:
3209:. Parts washer detergents based on sodium hydroxide are some of the most aggressive parts washer cleaning chemicals. The sodium hydroxide-based detergents include surfactants, rust inhibitors and defoamers. A parts washer heats water and the detergent in a closed cabinet and then sprays the heated sodium hydroxide and hot water at pressure against dirty parts for degreasing applications. Sodium hydroxide used in this manner replaced many solvent-based systems in the early 1990s when
899:
87:
894:
9483:
978:
8236:
3360:
9447:
3221:
8245:
9471:
9459:
3468:
1246:
3483:(medium volume containers) for cargo handling and transport, or within large stationary storage tanks with volumes up to 100,000 gallons for manufacturing or waste water plants with extensive NaOH use. Common materials that are compatible with sodium hydroxide and often utilized for NaOH storage include: polyethylene (
983:
1676:
For example, when a solution of NaOH and water with 1:2 mole ratio (52.6% NaOH by mass) is cooled, the monohydrate normally starts to crystallize (at about 22 °C) before the dihydrate. However, the solution can easily be supercooled down to â15 °C, at which point it may quickly crystallize
2661:
In a similar fashion, sodium hydroxide is used to digest tissues, as in a process that was used with farm animals at one time. This process involved placing a carcass into a sealed chamber, then adding a mixture of sodium hydroxide and water (which breaks the chemical bonds that keep the flesh
1724:
The ÎČ form of the tetrahydrate is metastable, and often transforms spontaneously to the α form when cooled below â20 °C. Once initiated, the exothermic transformation is complete in a few minutes, with a 6.5% increase in volume of the solid. The ÎČ form can be crystallized from supercooled
2679:
Sodium hydroxide is a dangerous chemical due to its ability to hydrolyze protein. If a dilute solution is spilled on the skin, burns may result if the area is not washed thoroughly and for several minutes with running water. Splashes in the eye can be more serious and can lead to blindness.
981:
1712:
The α form of the tetrahydrate has density 1.33 g/cm. It melts congruously at 7.55 °C into a liquid with 35.7% NaOH and density 1.392 g/cm, and therefore floats on it like ice on water. However, at about 4.9 °C it may instead melt incongruously into a mixture of solid
1748:-like layer structure, with each sodium atom surrounded by six oxygen atoms, three each from hydroxide ions and three from water molecules. The hydrogen atoms of the hydroxyls form strong bonds with oxygen atoms within each O layer. Adjacent O layers are held together by
1673:(ÎČ) can be crystallized from solutions of the proper composition, as listed above. However, solutions of NaOH can be easily supercooled by many degrees, which allows the formation of hydrates (including the metastable ones) from solutions with different concentrations.
3350:
Sodium hydroxide is used in some cement mix plasticisers. This helps homogenise cement mixes, preventing segregation of sands and cement, decreases the amount of water required in a mix and increases workability of the cement product, be it mortar, render or concrete.
3301:. However, because of the high incidence and intensity of chemical burns, manufacturers of chemical relaxers use other alkaline chemicals in preparations available to consumers. Sodium hydroxide relaxers are still available, but they are used mostly by professionals.
3425:, should always be used when handling this chemical or its solutions. The standard first aid measures for alkali spills on the skin is, as for other corrosives, irrigation with large quantities of water. Washing is continued for at least ten to fifteen minutes.
1480:
where a large amount of heat is liberated, posing a threat to safety through the possibility of splashing. The resulting solution is usually colorless and odorless. As with other alkaline solutions, it feels slippery with skin contact due to the process of
1987:
in the UK was mistakenly used to transport 25% sodium hydroxide solution, causing pressurization of the contents and damage to tankers. The pressurization is due to the hydrogen gas which is produced in the reaction between sodium hydroxide and aluminium:
1509:, as with any liquid chemical, is inversely related to its temperature, i.e., its viscosity decreases as temperature increases, and vice versa. The viscosity of sodium hydroxide solutions plays a direct role in its application as well as its storage.
2692:. Sodium hydroxide reacts with aluminium and water to release hydrogen gas. The aluminium takes an oxygen atom from sodium hydroxide, which in turn takes an oxygen atom from water, and releases two hydrogen atoms. The reaction thus produces
1677:
as the dihydrate. When heated, the solid dihydrate might melt directly into a solution at 13.35 °C; however, once the temperature exceeds 12.58 °C it often decomposes into solid monohydrate and a liquid solution. Even the
3309:
A solution of sodium hydroxide in water was traditionally used as the most common paint stripper on wooden objects. Its use has become less common, because it can damage the wood surface, raising the grain and staining the colour.
3475:
Careful storage is needed when handling sodium hydroxide for use, especially bulk volumes. Following proper NaOH storage guidelines and maintaining worker/environment safety is always recommended given the chemical's burn hazard.
907:
874:
1449:
Pure sodium hydroxide is a colorless crystalline solid that melts at 318 °C (604 °F) without decomposition and boils at 1,388 °C (2,530 °F). It is highly soluble in water, with a lower solubility in
3895:
3528:(Inventions from the Various Industrial Arts), which was compiled by al-Muzaffar Yusuf ibn 'Umar ibn 'Ali ibn Rasul (d. 1295), a king of Yemen. The recipe called for passing water repeatedly through a mixture of
3741:
Jacobs, H.; Kockelkorn, J. and Tacke, Th. (1985). "Hydroxide des
Natriums, Kaliums und Rubidiums: EinkristallzĂŒchtung und röntgenographische Strukturbestimmung an der bei Raumtemperatur stabilen Modifikation".
4083:
Mraw, S. C.; Giauque, W. F. (1974). "Entropies of the hydrates of sodium hydroxide. III. Low-temperature heat capacities and heats of fusion of the α and ÎČ crystalline forms of sodium hydroxide tetrahydrate".
4192:
Jacobs, H. and
Metzner, U. (1991). "Ungewöhnliche H-BrĂŒckenbindungen in Natriumhydroxidmonohydrat: Röntgen- und Neutronenbeugung an NaOH·H<sub">2</sub">O bzw. NaOD·D<sub">2</sub">O".
4275:
Fengmin Du, David M Warsinger, Tamanna I Urmi, Gregory P Thiel, Amit Kumar, John H Lienhard (2018). "Sodium hydroxide production from seawater desalination brine: process design and energy efficiency".
5164:
2303:
In 2004, world production was estimated at 60 million dry tonnes of sodium hydroxide, and demand was estimated at 51 million tonnes. In 1998, total world production was around 45 million
2506:
where pH needs to be regulated. Sodium hydroxide is used with hydrochloric acid to balance pH. The resultant salt, NaCl, is the corrosive agent used in the standard neutral pH salt spray test.
8018:
3322:
to raise the pH of water supplies. Increased pH makes the water less corrosive to plumbing and reduces the amount of lead, copper and other toxic metals that can dissolve into drinking water.
2529:
to yield non-volatile sodium salts, which can be removed. The waste which is formed is toxic and difficult to deal with, and the process is banned in many countries because of this. In 2006,
4838:
2307:. North America and Asia each contributed around 14 million tonnes, while Europe produced around 10 million tonnes. In the United States, the major producer of sodium hydroxide is
3570:, natural "soda ash" (impure sodium carbonate that was obtained from the ashes of plants that are rich in sodium) was replaced by this artificial version. However, by the 20th century, the
3195:
can be added to the sodium hydroxide solution in order to stabilize dissolved substances and thus prevent redeposition. A sodium hydroxide soak solution is used as a powerful degreaser on
1390:
crystallizes from water solutions between 12.3 and 61.8 °C. The commercially available "sodium hydroxide" is often this monohydrate, and published data may refer to it instead of the
953:
982:
1728:
The "sodium hydroxide" of commerce is often the monohydrate (density 1.829 g/cm). Physical data in technical literature may refer to this form, rather than the anhydrous compound.
3868:
Siemens, P. R.; Giauque, William F. (1969). "Entropies of the hydrates of sodium hydroxide. II. Low-temperature heat capacities and heats of fusion of NaOH·2H2O and NaOH·3.5H2O".
3522:
Sodium hydroxide was first prepared by soap makers. A procedure for making sodium hydroxide appeared as part of a recipe for making soap in an Arab book of the late 13th century:
3841:
3802:
2169:(KOH) is often preferred. Touching a sodium hydroxide solution with bare hands, while not recommended, produces a slippery feeling. This happens because oils on the skin such as
1073:
2999:
are glazed with a sodium hydroxide solution before baking to make them crisp. Owing to the difficulty in obtaining food grade sodium hydroxide in small quantities for home use,
2433:
This reaction is commonly used for demonstrating the reactivity of alkali metals in academic environments; however, it is not used commercially aside from a reaction within the
1259:
2662:
intact). This eventually turns the body into a liquid with a dark brown color, and the only solids that remain are bone hulls, which can be crushed between one's fingertips.
2296:
is also produced in this process. Solid sodium hydroxide is obtained from this solution by the evaporation of water. Solid sodium hydroxide is most commonly sold as flakes,
2459:
used in industry. Sodium hydroxide is used in the manufacture of sodium salts and detergents, pH regulation, and organic synthesis. In bulk, it is most often handled as an
3817:"ChemIDplus â 1310-73-2 â HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M â Sodium hydroxide â Similar structures search, synonyms, formulas, resource links, and other chemical information."
1939:
of iron(III) oxide (â824.2 kJ/mol) compared to sodium hydroxide (â500 kJ/mol) and positive entropy change of the reaction, which implies spontaneity at high temperatures (
3992:
3927:
3899:
9267:
9187:
9003:
8938:
8878:
8806:
8712:
8606:
8476:
8027:
4329:
4220:
3769:
1691:
A second stable eutectic composition is 45.4% (mass) of NaOH, that solidifies at about 4.9 °C into a mixture of crystals of the dihydrate and of the 3.5-hydrate.
4118:
Murch, L. E.; Giauque, W. F. (1962). "The thermodynamic properties of sodium hydroxide and its monohydrate. Heat capacities to low temperatures. Heats of solution".
8011:
4372:
4666:
4905:
4145:
Brodale, G. E.; Giauque, W. F. (1962). "The freezing point-solubility curve of aqueous sodium hydroxide in the region near the anhydrous-monohydrate eutectic".
2927:
because it is cheaper and a smaller quantity is needed. Due to production costs, NaOH, which is produced using common salt is cheaper than potassium hydroxide.
4811:
984:
6782:
474:
9573:
6224:
44:
8004:
5191:
3562:, CaO), whereby a solution of sodium hydroxide was obtained. European soap makers also followed this recipe. When in 1791 the French chemist and surgeon
2177:
it is unlikely to replace water in saponification due to propylene glycol's primary reaction with fat before reaction between sodium hydroxide and fat.
3068:
uses a small quantity of lye water to help give the rice flour batter a jelly-like consistency. A similar process is also used in the kakanin known as
2669:
dumped in landfills by animal disposal contractors. Due to its availability and low cost, it has been used by criminals to dispose of corpses. Italian
5036:
From p. 53: "5. Sodium carbonate. Qily is the ashes of certain plants, e.g. Salsola and
Salicornia ⊠, which grow near the sea, or in salty places ⊠"
3217:. Water and sodium hydroxide detergent-based parts washers are considered to be an environmental improvement over the solvent-based cleaning methods.
2534:
9733:
4520:
4842:
2735:
for many industrial and technical applications. Pure sodium aluminate (anhydrous) is a white crystalline solid having a formula variously given as
2415:
Sodium hydroxide is also produced by combining pure sodium metal with water. The byproducts are hydrogen gas and heat, often resulting in a flame.
5152:
3657:
2014:
Unlike sodium hydroxide, which is soluble, the hydroxides of most transition metals are insoluble, and therefore sodium hydroxide can be used to
3175:
where it is often called "caustic". It is added to water, heated, and then used to clean process equipment, storage tanks, etc. It can dissolve
9520:
4750:
2676:
used this chemical to turn dead bodies into soap. In Mexico, a man who worked for drug cartels admitted disposing of over 300 bodies with it.
5070:
4257:
821:
1505:·s, that is much greater than that of water (1.0 mPa·s) and near that of olive oil (85 mPa·s) at room temperature. The viscosity of aqueous
86:
6964:
2374:
which takes advantage of the fact that sodium hydroxide is soluble, while calcium carbonate is not. This process was called causticizing.
4450:
3588:
1694:
The third stable eutectic has 18.4% (mass) of NaOH. It solidifies at about â28.7 °C as a mixture of water ice and the heptahydrate
3128:(corn) kernels reconstituted by soaking in lye-water. These expand considerably in size and may be further processed by frying to make
1765:
Sodium hydroxide reacts with protic acids to produce water and the corresponding salts. For example, when sodium hydroxide reacts with
9390:
5084:
3944:
2896:). It was made in the nineteenth century for a hard surface rather than liquid product because it was easier to store and transport.
9290:
5054:
4599:
4545:
2653:
extraction, and simple extraction, all of which require a strong alkaline environment with a pH > 10.5 at the end of the stages.
1919:
properties (i.e., it only dissolves in acid, not base). Nevertheless, at high temperatures (e.g. above 500 °C), iron can react
1006:
439:
5121:
9809:
6553:
9794:
9769:
9415:
6570:
5135:
4000:
7932:
5184:
4175:
1681:= 3.5 hydrate is difficult to crystallize, because the solution supercools so much that other hydrates become more stable.
9759:
9340:
6337:
6305:
4977:
3504:
949:
9375:
5129:
3409:
upon contact with eyes. Solid alkali can also express its corrosive nature if there is water, such as water vapor. Thus,
2470:
of a mixture, or to neutralize acids. For example, in the petroleum industry, sodium hydroxide is used as an additive in
1266:
9789:
9779:
9623:
9534:
4579:
4379:
1533:
in 1893. The known hydrates and the approximate ranges of temperature and concentration (mass percent of NaOH) of their
1530:
943:
370:
9644:
9588:
9558:
5143:
4674:
3617:
9804:
9677:
8571:
7725:
6586:
5980:
5760:
3480:
2700:. In this reaction, sodium hydroxide acts as an agent to make the solution alkaline, which aluminium can dissolve in.
403:
5106:
4916:
4775:
1911:
are damaged by long exposure to hot sodium hydroxide, which also frosts the glass. Sodium hydroxide does not attack
992:
898:
9764:
9548:
9513:
6349:
5948:
5901:
5889:
4815:
3436:, and the resulting heat may cause heat burns or ignite flammables. It also produces heat when reacted with acids.
3191:-based deposits. It is also used for cleaning waste discharge pipes under sinks and drains in domestic properties.
1788:
1097:
1084:
647:
9498:
9799:
9330:
9325:
9138:
8506:
7804:
7784:
7745:
6000:
5990:
5829:
5177:
3488:
3331:
250:
4405:
3695:
3338:
color upon the addition of a few drops of sodium hydroxide. Today, carbon monoxide poisoning can be detected by
2943:
products, such as facial cleansers, creams, lotions, and makeup. It is typically used in low concentration as a
2408:
in the late 19th century. The conversion of sodium carbonate to sodium hydroxide was superseded entirely by the
9370:
8796:
8566:
8526:
7949:
7844:
7735:
7395:
6957:
6857:
5972:
5932:
5349:
4724:
3511:
3247:
to unblock clogged drains, usually in the form of a dry crystal or as a thick liquid gel. The alkali dissolves
2371:
321:
315:
7914:
1436:. Worldwide production in 2004 was approximately 60 million tons, while demand was 51 million tons.
8727:
8702:
8692:
7923:
7207:
7179:
5160:
Titration of acids with sodium hydroxide; freeware for data analysis, simulation of curves and pH calculation
4667:"Side by Side Comparison: Potassium Hydroxide and Sodium Hydroxide - Similarities, Differences and Use Cases"
9616:
9450:
7891:
7859:
7774:
7755:
7568:
7513:
7379:
7319:
7236:
7226:
7217:
7198:
7170:
7160:
6022:
4695:
3593:
3278:
3274:
3244:
3228:
2872:
Other amphoteric metals are zinc and lead which dissolve in concentrated sodium hydroxide solutions to give
2850:
2820:
2336:
1473:
1433:
666:
7882:
2622:
Sodium hydroxide is also widely used in pulping of wood for making paper or regenerated fibers. Along with
1810:
893:
238:
9305:
9098:
8426:
8367:
8275:
8270:
8180:
8057:
8052:
7834:
7814:
7794:
7765:
7408:
7309:
7188:
5845:
5785:
5772:
5016:
4982:
4973:
2642:
2568:. Around 56% of sodium hydroxide produced is used by industry, 25% of which is used in the paper industry.
2352:
2324:
797:
8431:
8102:
6497:
5033:
5020:
4515:
9611:
9578:
9506:
9360:
9335:
8973:
8732:
8591:
8576:
8546:
8138:
7869:
7824:
7706:
7564:
7554:
7436:
6541:
6268:
6172:
4323:
4214:
3763:
3210:
2332:
2320:
1936:
1740:) and Pbca (oP24), respectively. The monohydrate cell dimensions are a = 1.1825, b = 0.6213, c = 0.6069
921:
886:
180:
99:
8662:
8642:
8315:
4499:
8687:
6869:
6126:
6100:
3668:
3235:
9421:
9405:
9030:
8401:
8372:
8253:
8077:
7715:
7465:
7289:
7275:
7265:
6814:
6773:
6529:
6457:
6377:
6180:
6055:
5748:
5736:
5585:
5335:
4359:
General
Chemistry: An Elementary Survey Emphasizing Industrial Applications of Fundamental Principles
4285:
3410:
2877:
2499:
2450:
2340:
2147:
957:
8325:
4754:
1955:). Consider the following reaction between molten sodium hydroxide and finely divided iron filings:
1895:
Glass reacts slowly with aqueous sodium hydroxide solutions at ambient temperatures to form soluble
9784:
9774:
9563:
9365:
9345:
9158:
8848:
8682:
8336:
8200:
8175:
8143:
8062:
7696:
7544:
7357:
7285:
7255:
7143:
7093:
7083:
7008:
6987:
6950:
6882:
6509:
6485:
6469:
6405:
6188:
6146:
6105:
6071:
5813:
5801:
5428:
5321:
4342:
3571:
3255:
3107:
2924:
2908:
2819:, removing anodizing, or converting a polished surface to a satin-like finish, but without further
2732:
2673:
2549:
2545:
2434:
2409:
2356:
2289:
2166:
2057:
1864:) produced in the burning of coal and thus prevent their release into the atmosphere. For example,
1806:
1477:
1225:
1187:
1151:
420:
146:
8352:
7038:
3022:
solution or cold sodium hydroxide solution before baking, which contributes to their unique crust.
9667:
9598:
9593:
9463:
9385:
9355:
9300:
9177:
9153:
8898:
8652:
8586:
8451:
8411:
8295:
8262:
8225:
8185:
8164:
8107:
8082:
7618:
7587:
7578:
7352:
7246:
7123:
7047:
7028:
6798:
6761:
6167:
6118:
6014:
5720:
5617:
5553:
5457:
5449:
5307:
3496:
3448:
3319:
3176:
3098:
2282:
1688:
that solidifies at about 62.63 °C as an intimate mix of anhydrous and monohydrate crystals.
1534:
1290:
1220:
1202:
1192:
8446:
2555:
as drain cleaners that convert pipe-clogging fats and grease into soap, which dissolves in water
8357:
4527:. National Agricultural Biosecurity Center, Kansas State University, 2004. Retrieved 2010-03-08
3273:
when sodium hydroxide and the other chemical components of the cleaner dissolve in water. Such
9662:
9410:
8993:
8893:
8863:
8781:
8521:
8406:
8362:
8310:
8117:
8112:
8044:
7597:
7495:
7455:
7446:
7426:
7369:
7148:
7133:
7103:
7068:
7003:
6729:
6688:
6642:
6252:
6159:
6138:
6087:
6031:
5913:
5673:
5633:
5601:
5569:
5478:
5273:
5226:
5080:
5050:
4997:
4961:
4863:
4541:
4429:
4311:
4253:
3940:
3214:
3153:
3053:
3025:
Lye water is an essential ingredient in the crust of the traditional baked
Chinese moon cakes.
2831:
the surface may become degraded, either under normal use or in severe atmospheric conditions.
2367:
2328:
2288:
Sodium hydroxide is industrially produced as a 50% solution by variations of the electrolytic
2162:. However, the limited solubility of sodium hydroxide in organic solvents means that the more
2069:
1766:
1451:
1402:
1197:
1182:
1122:
848:
704:
8541:
5049:, vol. 1. Berlin, Germany: Springer. Chapter 2: History of the Chlor-Alkali Industry, p. 34.
4986:
4950:
4881:
9723:
9628:
9487:
9475:
9395:
9295:
9225:
9200:
9148:
8581:
8456:
8342:
8330:
8290:
8195:
8128:
7959:
7900:
7623:
7500:
7421:
7342:
7113:
6615:
6433:
6417:
6325:
6313:
6284:
6196:
5940:
5681:
5545:
5537:
5494:
5399:
5340:
5200:
4301:
4293:
4202:
4154:
4127:
4093:
4056:
3932:
3877:
3751:
3555:
3444:
3398:
3394:
3390:
3019:
3000:
2972:
2697:
2522:
2491:
2460:
2456:
2363:
2308:
2174:
1977:
1908:
1904:
1818:
1328:
731:
679:
600:
567:
497:
2791:. Formation of sodium tetrahydroxoaluminate(III) or hydrated sodium aluminate is given by:
379:
220:
9553:
9083:
9058:
8757:
8596:
8536:
8516:
8436:
8320:
8220:
8205:
8190:
8097:
8087:
7485:
6895:
6713:
6668:
6655:
6624:
6393:
6240:
5877:
5865:
5661:
5649:
5441:
5433:
5408:
5354:
5326:
5290:
5249:
5234:
5221:
5147:
4646:
4607:
4584:
4524:
4179:
3567:
3563:
3500:
3418:
3298:
3196:
3029:
2843:
2503:
2401:
2316:
2065:
1924:
1770:
284:
156:
5100:
1397:
As one of the simplest hydroxides, sodium hydroxide is frequently used alongside neutral
4650:
4474:
4289:
424:
242:
200:
9603:
9583:
9320:
9285:
9068:
8958:
8923:
8908:
8843:
8838:
8737:
8637:
8556:
8531:
8496:
8441:
8416:
8285:
8133:
7299:
6745:
6704:
6637:
6445:
6361:
6208:
6154:
6113:
6095:
5712:
5704:
5525:
5513:
5470:
5462:
5374:
5312:
5265:
5239:
3422:
3224:
3172:
3166:
3141:
2893:
2873:
2623:
2495:
2438:
2405:
2348:
2151:
1842:
1838:
1826:
1737:
1482:
1421:
1360:
1298:
1237:
1156:
935:
711:
635:
3359:
9753:
9647:
9350:
9205:
9088:
9063:
9044:
8988:
8868:
8826:
8821:
8561:
8551:
8511:
8386:
8280:
8235:
8210:
8092:
8072:
7475:
7329:
6844:
6296:
5486:
5244:
5116:
3559:
3414:
3402:
3363:
3252:
2835:
2670:
2638:
2580:
1980:, however, may react quite vigorously with sodium hydroxide under milder conditions.
1749:
1745:
1502:
1348:
778:
596:
556:
546:
231:
7996:
5159:
3220:
3118:
are often boiled in a lye solution before baking, contributing to their shiny crust.
2626:, sodium hydroxide is a key component of the white liquor solution used to separate
2032:
Zinc and lead salts dissolve in excess sodium hydroxide to give a clear solution of
1593:: from 5.4 °C (32.5%) to 15.38 °C (38.8%) and then to 5.0 °C (45.7%).
9530:
9426:
9280:
9133:
9073:
9053:
9025:
8953:
8833:
8816:
8771:
8722:
8627:
8347:
8300:
8148:
6831:
6607:
5391:
5383:
5281:
4622:
3816:
3492:
3479:
Sodium hydroxide is often stored in bottles for small-scale laboratory use, within
3203:
2889:
2847:
2617:
2589:
2544:
for making soaps and detergents. Sodium hydroxide is used for hard bar soap, while
2471:
2293:
2159:
2061:
1161:
756:
4173:
Solid-Liquid
Equilibrium (SLE) and Vapour-Liquid Equilibrium (VLE) of Aqueous NaOH
3936:
343:
4172:
2731:
Sodium aluminate is an inorganic chemical that is used as an effective source of
2466:
Sodium hydroxide is used in many scenarios where it is desirable to increase the
9738:
9728:
9400:
9310:
9275:
9242:
9168:
9143:
8983:
8888:
8858:
8742:
8657:
8647:
8377:
8305:
5960:
4870:. Author: Wilhelm Autenrieth. Publisher: P. Blakiston's son & Company, 1909.
3339:
3192:
3071:
3043:
2862:
2857:, it dissolves in the sodium hydroxide, leaving impurities less soluble at high
2015:
1920:
1822:
1736:
NaOH and its monohydrate form orthorhombic crystals with the space groups Cmcm (
1344:
1061:
1039:
719:
4839:"Drinking Water Issues Corrosive Water (Lead, Copper, Aluminum, Zinc and More)"
4558:
1626:: from 12.3 °C (51%) to 65.10 °C (69%) then to 62.63 °C (73.1%).
1529:, which result in a complex solubility diagram that was described in detail by
1497:
Concentrated (50%) aqueous solutions of sodium hydroxide have a characteristic
9568:
9315:
9257:
9220:
9195:
9093:
8903:
8766:
7058:
7018:
6912:
5111:
3833:
3798:
3433:
3270:
3259:
3049:
Some methods of preparing olives involve subjecting them to a lye-based brine.
2980:
2968:
2960:
2854:
2526:
2475:
2467:
1984:
1916:
621:
607:
582:
508:
211:
5165:
Caustic soda production in continuous causticising plant by lime soda process
5001:
4206:
3755:
30:
This article is about the chemical compound. For the commercial product, see
9692:
9687:
9247:
9112:
8948:
8752:
8632:
8486:
8461:
6973:
5140:
5076:
4297:
3628:
3547:
3452:
3429:
3406:
3371:
3335:
3282:
3206:
3129:
2984:
2964:
2940:
2936:
2912:
2900:
2828:
2824:
2689:
2650:
2631:
2576:
2530:
2510:
2483:
2479:
1814:
1741:
1498:
1429:
1409:
1391:
1325:
1312:
390:
4315:
3967:
1638:= 2/3, but later careful investigations failed to confirm their existence.
1128:
4786:
927:
9672:
9657:
9215:
9127:
8928:
8791:
8776:
8747:
8616:
8391:
8215:
8159:
8153:
8122:
8067:
8035:
4563:
4306:
4060:
3456:
3382:
3366:
caused by sodium hydroxide solution photographed 44 hours after exposure.
3262:
3149:
3094:
3063:
3004:
2996:
2920:
2904:
2693:
2666:
2487:
1932:
1900:
1896:
1846:
1685:
1462:
1356:
1012:
1005:
998:
991:
964:
611:
588:
276:
268:
75:
4976:(1878â1962) presented evidence that the Persian alchemist and physician
4158:
4131:
4097:
3881:
9682:
9652:
9380:
9210:
9163:
9122:
9078:
9020:
9015:
8978:
8968:
8963:
8918:
8913:
8853:
8786:
8677:
8672:
8622:
8501:
8491:
8244:
3510:
Sodium hydroxide must be stored in airtight containers to preserve its
3467:
3294:
3188:
3145:
3083:
3015:
2992:
2976:
2866:
2839:
2838:, sodium hydroxide is used in the refining of alumina containing ores (
2816:
2572:
2344:
2163:
1458:
1454:
1417:
1368:
1340:
625:
592:
536:
330:
251:
4962:
History of
Science and Technology in Islam: Description of Soap Making
4652:
A treatise on chemistry applied to the manufacture of soap and candles
2915:
sodium hydroxide, because combined with water the fat would turn into
2607:
to treat bagels and pretzel dough, giving the distinctive shiny finish
9697:
9431:
9252:
9234:
8697:
8667:
8169:
3530:
3386:
3378:
3199:
and glass bakeware. It is also a common ingredient in oven cleaners.
3121:
3090:
3036:
3032:
are made with lye water but are commonly mistaken for containing egg.
2956:
2955:
Food uses of sodium hydroxide include washing or chemical peeling of
2646:
2641:. It also plays a key role in several later stages of the process of
2627:
2599:
2514:
1928:
1805:
This type of reaction with a strong acid releases heat, and hence is
1332:
1305:
1302:
65:
55:
4044:
1236:
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their
931:
17:
5169:
3042:
Sodium hydroxide causes gelling of egg whites in the production of
2548:
is used for liquid soaps. Sodium hydroxide is used more often than
304:
8466:
8396:
6039:
4361:(2nd ed.). New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. p. 452.
3466:
3440:
3381:, a few drops of sodium hydroxide solutions can readily decompose
3358:
3234:
3219:
3133:
3125:
3115:
2988:
2665:
Sodium hydroxide is frequently used in the process of decomposing
2634:
2565:
2559:
2312:
2304:
2297:
2170:
2155:
1466:
1413:
1398:
1352:
1336:
1315:
354:
191:
179:
169:
4776:"Olives: Safe Methods for Home Pickling (application/pdf Object)"
2018:
transition metal hydroxides. The following colours are observed:
999:
9707:
5117:
CDC â Sodium
Hydroxide â NIOSH Workplace Safety and Health Topic
4696:"Safety Assessment of Inorganic Hydroxides as Used in Cosmetics"
4600:"ATSDR â Medical Management Guidelines (MMGs): Sodium Hydroxide"
4045:"LXI.âThe hydrates of sodium, potassium, and lithium hydroxides"
3896:"Examples of Common Laboratory Chemicals and their Hazard Class"
3514:
as it will absorb water and carbon dioxide from the atmosphere.
3484:
3374:
3266:
3180:
3137:
2916:
1912:
1725:
solutions at â26 °C, and melts partially at â1.83 °C.
1657:(15.38 °C). The other hydrates, except the metastable ones
1425:
1110:
526:
295:
9502:
8000:
6946:
5173:
5045:
O'Brien, Thomas F.; Bommaraju, Tilak V. and Hine, Fumio (2005)
3451:
to bind. Sodium hydroxide is corrosive to several metals, like
3269:, which may block water pipes. These reactions are sped by the
4475:"Sodium Hydroxide | Uses, Benefits, and Chemical Safety Facts"
3574:
had become the primary method for producing sodium hydroxide.
3248:
3184:
2846:) which is the raw material used to produce aluminium via the
2595:
2068:. Aluminium hydroxide is prepared at the treatment plant from
1706:
1408:
Sodium hydroxide is used in many industries: in the making of
1364:
1173:
1142:
120:
31:
6942:
4451:"A Guide to Caustic Chemicals Used in Soap Making | Brenntag"
3838:
Immediately
Dangerous to Life or Health Concentrations (IDLH)
4753:. National Center for Home Food Preservation. Archived from
1791:
reactions are represented by one simple net ionic equation:
1571:, α form: from â17.7 °C (24.8%) to 5.4 °C (32.5%).
408:
4949:(London, England: Longmans, Green, and Co., 1913), vol. 5,
4406:"Trafigura case: toxic slop left behind by caustic washing"
3583:
3003:
is often used in place of sodium hydroxide. It is known as
2944:
2858:
2400:
The sodium carbonate for this reaction was produced by the
1705:
When solutions with less than 18.4% NaOH are cooled, water
1684:
A hot water solution containing 73.1% (mass) of NaOH is a
3202:
A common use of sodium hydroxide is in the production of
2645:
resulting from the pulping process. These stages include
1903:
exposed to sodium hydroxide have a tendency to "freeze".
976:
4987:"Chemistry in Iraq and Persia in the Tenth Century A.D."
4500:
Clean green finish that sends a loved one down the drain
3010:
Specific foods processed with sodium hydroxide include:
2362:
Historically, sodium hydroxide was produced by treating
4906:"aluminium_water_hydrogen.pdf (application/pdf Object)"
3993:"Exothermic vs. Endothermic: Chemistry's Give and Take"
2888:
Sodium hydroxide is traditionally used in soap making (
2552:
because it is cheaper and a smaller quantity is needed.
2412:, which produces sodium hydroxide in a single process.
1254:
2311:, which has annual production around 5.7 million
3968:"Sodium Hydroxide Storage Tanks & Specifications"
3842:
National
Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
3803:
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
3171:
Sodium hydroxide is frequently used as an industrial
2072:
by reacting it with sodium hydroxide or bicarbonate.
269:
5021:"Alchemical equipment in the eleventh century, A.D."
3541:
3535:
3523:
2991:
are often soaked in sodium hydroxide for softening;
2911:
of methanol and triglycerides. This only works with
2463:, since solutions are cheaper and easier to handle.
1560:: from â24 °C (22.2%) to â17.7 °C (24.8%).
1013:
9716:
9637:
9541:
9266:
9186:
9111:
9002:
8937:
8877:
8805:
8711:
8605:
8475:
8261:
8043:
8034:
6606:
5925:
5697:
5506:
5421:
5367:
5258:
5214:
5207:
4517:
Carcass Disposal: A Comprehensive Review. Chapter 6
3334:, with blood samples of such patients turning to a
1405:to demonstrate the pH scale to chemistry students.
4510:
4508:
4195:Zeitschrift fĂŒr anorganische und allgemeine Chemie
3455:which reacts with the alkali to produce flammable
3243:Sodium hydroxide is used in the home as a type of
3140:, a popular flour used in Mexican cuisine to make
2521:. Sodium hydroxide reacts with weak acids such as
1709:crystallizes first, leaving the NaOH in solution.
1549:: from â28 °C (18.8%) to â24 °C (22.2%).
4559:"Sodium:Getting rid of dirt â and murder victims"
4514:Thacker, H. Leon; Kastner, Justin (August 2004).
3471:Two industrial fiberglass barrels of caustic-soda
2146:Sodium hydroxide can be used for the base-driven
1641:The only hydrates with stable melting points are
1615:: from 5.0 °C (45.7%) to 12.3 °C (51%).
3925:Cetin Kurt, JĂŒrgen Bittner. "Sodium Hydroxide".
3330:Sodium hydroxide has been used for detection of
342:
4344:Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology
3962:
3960:
3958:
3956:
3227:grade sodium hydroxide to be used as a type of
2935:Sodium hydroxide is an ingredient used in some
2540:Other common uses of sodium hydroxide include:
2513:can be treated with sodium hydroxide to remove
1476:of solid sodium hydroxide in water is a highly
980:
155:
4980:(c. 865â925) knew about sodium hydroxide. See
3928:Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry
3077:
3069:
3061:
2884:Esterification and transesterification reagent
1915:at room temperature, since iron does not have
9514:
8012:
6958:
5185:
4049:Journal of the Chemical Society, Transactions
2558:for making artificial textile fibres such as
2173:are converted to soap. Despite solubility in
1817:. However, sodium hydroxide is not used as a
8:
4328:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
4219:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
3768:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
561:1,388 °C (2,530 °F; 1,661 K)
3568:process for mass-producing sodium carbonate
2604:in water treatment plants for pH regulation
1947:) and non-spontaneity at low temperatures (
1517:Sodium hydroxide can form several hydrates
1472:Similar to the hydration of sulfuric acid,
9521:
9507:
9499:
8040:
8019:
8005:
7997:
6965:
6951:
6943:
5211:
5192:
5178:
5170:
4812:"Drinking Water Treatment â pH Adjustment"
4538:Stiff: The Curious Lives of Human Cadavers
4078:
4076:
4074:
4072:
4070:
3920:
3918:
3916:
3346:In cement mixes, mortars, concrete, grouts
3318:Sodium hydroxide is sometimes used during
3285:and should be handled with great caution.
2684:Dissolving amphoteric metals and compounds
2502:as drilling progresses. Another use is in
423:
241:
219:
36:
4941:
4939:
4937:
4868:The Detection of poisons and strong drugs
4305:
4182:". Online report, accessed on 2017-04-29.
3690:
3688:
2579:metal is extracted. This is known as the
378:
9734:Standard electrode potential (data page)
7962:
7952:
7939:
7935:
7926:
7917:
7907:
7903:
7894:
7885:
7872:
7862:
7847:
7837:
7827:
7817:
7807:
7797:
7787:
7777:
7768:
7758:
7748:
7738:
7728:
7718:
7709:
7699:
7626:
7600:
7590:
7581:
7571:
7557:
7547:
7516:
7503:
7478:
7468:
7458:
7449:
7439:
7429:
7411:
7398:
7382:
7372:
7360:
7332:
7322:
7312:
7302:
7292:
7278:
7268:
7258:
7249:
7239:
7229:
7220:
7210:
7201:
7191:
7182:
7173:
7163:
7151:
7126:
7116:
7106:
7096:
7086:
7061:
7050:
7041:
7031:
7021:
7011:
6007:
6003:
5993:
5983:
5024:Memoirs of the Asiatic Society of Bengal
4990:Memoirs of the Asiatic Society of Bengal
4985:; Azo, R.F.; Hidayat Husain, M. (1927).
4373:"Document 2 - CausticSodamanual2008.pdf"
4113:
4111:
4109:
4107:
4038:
3797:NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards.
3550:plants, which are rich in sodium; hence
3439:Sodium hydroxide is mildly corrosive to
3039:uses lye water to impart a sweet flavor.
2865:behind in the form of a highly alkaline
2808:
2804:
2797:
2787:
2783:
2779:
2772:
2768:
2764:
2756:
2749:
2745:
2738:
2724:
2717:
2709:
2425:
2421:
2392:
2388:
2384:
2380:
2179:
2134:
2130:
2126:
2122:
2118:
2114:
2110:
2106:
2098:
2094:
2090:
2086:
2082:
2078:
2050:
2046:
2039:
2035:
2002:
1998:
1994:
1969:
1965:
1961:
1882:
1878:
1874:
1870:
1859:
1852:
1797:
1779:
1524:
1377:
5101:International Chemical Safety Card 0360
4540:, New York: W.W. Norton & Company.
4036:
4034:
4032:
4030:
4028:
4026:
4024:
4022:
4020:
4018:
3863:
3861:
3859:
3857:
3855:
3853:
3851:
3604:
479:
444:
419:
320:
6993:
5132:for enthalpy, temperature and pressure
5112:NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards
4972:The English chemist and archaeologist
4321:
4278:Environmental Science & Technology
4212:
4043:Umfreville Pickering, Spencer (1893).
3792:
3790:
3788:
3761:
3652:
3650:
3648:
551:323 °C (613 °F; 596 K)
232:
7685:
5072:CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics
4270:
4268:
3718:
3716:
3714:
3712:
3696:"Sodium Hydroxide â Compound Summary"
3612:
3610:
3608:
2455:Sodium hydroxide is a popular strong
1630:Early reports refer to hydrates with
451:Key: HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M
199:
7:
6983:
4580:"'Stewmaker' Stirs Horror in Mexico"
4347:, 5th edition, John Wiley & Sons
3082:except that the mixture uses grated
2064:to filter out particulate matter in
1899:. Because of this, glass joints and
1845:. Such reactions are often used to "
5047:Handbook of Chlor-Alkali Technology
4882:"SODIUM HYDROXIDE | NaOH â PubChem"
4502:Times Online. Retrieved 2013-02-20.
3589:HAZMAT Class 8 Corrosive Substances
2343:. Other major US producers include
1778:NaOH(aq) + HCl(aq) â NaCl(aq) + H
1465:. Sodium hydroxide is insoluble in
461:Key: HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-REWHXWOFAM
333:
303:
27:Chemical compound with formula NaOH
9638:Materials produced by electrolysis
9391:Nexus for Exoplanet System Science
4578:William Booth (January 27, 2009).
4432:. BBC Newsnight. 16 September 2009
3525:Al-mukhtara' fi funun min al-suna'
3132:or by drying and grinding to make
2947:, due its highly alkaline nature.
2498:) which may be encountered in the
2404:in the early 19th century, or the
1837:Sodium hydroxide also reacts with
25:
9291:Atomic and molecular astrophysics
8028:Molecules detected in outer space
5105:Euro Chlor-How is chlorine made?
4947:A Dictionary of Applied Chemistry
4623:"Aluminium sodium tetrahydroxide"
4430:"Trafigura knew of waste dangers"
4404:Sample, Ian (16 September 2009).
3999:. August 29, 2014. Archived from
3293:Sodium hydroxide is used in some
3239:Paint stripping with caustic soda
2517:impurities in a process known as
2482:mud systems, to increase the mud
2355:. All of these companies use the
2229:Mass concentration of NaOH (g/L)
1046:40 mg/kg (mouse, intraperitoneal)
9481:
9469:
9457:
9446:
9445:
8252:
8243:
8234:
5122:Production by brine electrolysis
5069:Haynes, William M., ed. (2011).
4498:Ayres, Chris (27 February 2010)
2903:, sodium hydroxide is used as a
2435:mercury cell chloralkali process
2281:For historical information, see
2206:Molar concentration of NaOH (M)
1244:
897:
892:
85:
43:
9416:Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon
3572:electrolysis of sodium chloride
3507:(FRP, with a resistant liner).
2923:. NaOH is used more often than
2815:This reaction can be useful in
2535:dumped the waste in Ivory Coast
1891:Reaction with metals and oxides
1240:(at 25 °C , 100 kPa).
9574:Electrolysis of carbon dioxide
3432:of sodium hydroxide is highly
2919:, which would be tainted with
1935:gas. This is due to the lower
1923:with sodium hydroxide to form
1744:. The atoms are arranged in a
1469:and other non-polar solvents.
448:InChI=1S/Na.H2O/h;1H2/q+1;/p-1
1:
9341:Extraterrestrial liquid water
5130:Technical charts (page 33â41)
4978:Muhammad ibn Zakariya al-Razi
4252:, Pascal Press, p. 199,
4147:Journal of Physical Chemistry
4120:Journal of Physical Chemistry
4086:Journal of Physical Chemistry
3937:10.1002/14356007.a24_345.pub2
3870:Journal of Physical Chemistry
3658:"Material Safety Datasheet 2"
3505:fiberglass reinforced plastic
1849:" harmful acidic gases (like
1324:Sodium hydroxide is a highly
1078:(US health exposure limits):
458:InChI=1/Na.H2O/h;1H2/q+1;/p-1
9624:Electrochemical fluorination
9535:Standard electrode potential
4945:Thorpe, Thomas Edward, ed.,
3481:intermediate bulk containers
3443:, which can cause damage to
3156:instead of sodium hydroxide.
2183:Mass fraction of NaOH (wt%)
1531:Spencer Umfreville Pickering
1050:1350 mg/kg (rabbit, dermal)
9678:Hydrogen evolution reaction
8572:Protonated hydrogen cyanide
3618:"Material Safety Datasheet"
3542:
3536:
3524:
3401:, which consequently cause
3136:. Hominy is used to create
2983:processing, and thickening
2252:Density of solution (g/mL)
1833:Reaction with acidic oxides
1048:140 - 340 mg/kg (rat, oral)
1028:or concentration (LD, LC):
513:39.9971 g/mol
9826:
9549:Betts electrolytic process
7687:
4357:Deming, Horace G. (1925).
3164:
2615:
2533:used the process and then
2448:
2280:
2028:Iron(III) - yellow / brown
1351:. It is highly soluble in
29:
9440:
9331:Earliest known life forms
9326:Diffuse interstellar band
8797:Protonated cyanoacetylene
8567:Protonated carbon dioxide
8527:Hydromagnesium isocyanide
8232:
6995:
6980:
3405:and may induce permanent
3332:carbon monoxide poisoning
3265:, such as those found in
3018:are poached in a boiling
2251:
2228:
2205:
2200:
2197:
2194:
2191:
2188:
2185:
2182:
1752:between water molecules.
1234:
1134:
1072:
1068:500 mg/kg (rabbit, oral)
1024:
873:
868:
771:
741: = 0.34013 nm,
697:
490:
470:
435:
277:(acidity regulators, ...)
139:
108:
98:
93:
84:
42:
9376:Ironâsulfur world theory
9371:Photodissociation region
9074:Methyl-cyano-diacetylene
4886:pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
4627:pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
4207:10.1002/zaac.19915970113
3756:10.1002/zaac.19855311217
2643:bleaching the brown pulp
2486:, and to neutralize any
2060:is used as a gelatinous
944:Precautionary statements
745: = 1.1378 nm,
640:<2.4 kPa (20 °C)
9810:Food acidity regulators
9559:CastnerâKellner process
9451:Category:Astrochemistry
9041:, fullerene, buckyball)
8728:Cyanobutadiynyl radical
8703:Silicon-carbide cluster
8693:Protonated formaldehyde
4837:Brian Oram, PG (2014).
4479:ChemicalSafetyFacts.org
4298:10.1021/acs.est.8b01195
4171:M. Conde Engineering: "
3931:. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH.
3594:List of cleaning agents
3566:(1742â1806) patented a
3275:alkaline drain cleaners
3078:
3070:
3062:
3057:
2899:For the manufacture of
2853:. Since the alumina is
2441:is reacted with water.
2337:Niagara Falls, New York
1721:and a liquid solution.
1489:and natural skin oils.
1367:. It forms a series of
749: = 0.33984 nm
667:Magnetic susceptibility
577:3370 g/L (100 °C)
521:White, opaque crystals
9795:Photographic chemicals
9770:Deliquescent materials
9542:Electrolytic processes
9464:Outer space portal
9306:Circumstellar envelope
8271:Aluminium(I) hydroxide
8181:Phosphorus mononitride
8058:Aluminium monofluoride
8053:Aluminium monochloride
4974:Henry Ernest Stapleton
4915:. 2008. Archived from
4814:. 2011. Archived from
4785:. 2010. Archived from
4378:. 2013. Archived from
3997:Discovery Express Kids
3472:
3367:
3240:
3232:
3102:
3086:instead of rice flour.
3052:The Filipino dessert (
2842:) to produce alumina (
2564:in the manufacture of
2325:St. Gabriel, Louisiana
1983:In 1986, an aluminium
1355:, and readily absorbs
1297:. It is a white solid
987:
673:â15.8·10 cm/mol (aq.)
642:0.1 kPa (700 °C)
9579:Electrolysis of water
9361:Interplanetary medium
9336:Extraterrestrial life
8974:Octatetraynyl radical
8592:Tricarbon monosulfide
8139:Magnesium monohydride
5136:Sodium Hydroxide MSDS
4922:on September 14, 2012
4655:. Parry and McMillan.
4248:Stamell, Jim (2001),
3470:
3362:
3238:
3223:
3152:is similar, but uses
3028:Most yellow coloured
2424:O(l) â 2 NaOH(aq) + H
2333:Charleston, Tennessee
2321:Plaquemine, Louisiana
1937:enthalpy of formation
1813:can also be used for
1582:, ÎČ form: metastable.
1537:water solutions are:
1347:and may cause severe
986:
575:1000 g/L (25 °C)
9760:Chemical engineering
9589:HallâHĂ©roult process
9529:Articles related to
9488:Chemistry portal
9476:Astronomy portal
9422:RNA world hypothesis
9406:PAH world hypothesis
9099:Heptatrienyl radical
9031:Buckminsterfullerene
8919:Methylcyanoacetylene
8427:Silicon carbonitride
8402:Methylidynephosphane
8368:Magnesium isocyanide
8276:Aluminium isocyanide
8078:Carbon monophosphide
5034:footnote 5 on p. 53.
5019:; Azo, R.F. (1905).
4913:www1.eere.energy.gov
4751:"Hominy without Lye"
4536:Roach, Mary (2004).
4061:10.1039/CT8936300890
3744:Z. Anorg. Allg. Chem
3411:protective equipment
3213:was outlawed by the
3112:'lye fish').
2851:Hall-HĂ©roult process
2688:Strong bases attack
2500:geological formation
2451:Hydrodesulfurization
2148:hydrolysis of esters
1960:4 Fe + 6 NaOH â 2 Fe
1796:OH(aq) + H(aq) â H
1649:(65.10 °C) and
1485:that occurs between
969:(fire diamond)
599:, slowly soluble in
9790:Inorganic compounds
9780:Household chemicals
9564:Chloralkali process
9366:Interstellar medium
9346:Forbidden mechanism
9159:Hydrogen isocyanide
8849:Hexatriynyl radical
8432:c-Silicon dicarbide
8337:Hydrogen isocyanide
8201:Silicon monosulfide
8176:Phosphorus monoxide
8144:Methylidyne radical
8103:Fluoromethylidynium
8063:Aluminium(II) oxide
5017:Stapleton, Henry E.
4983:Stapleton, Henry E.
4792:on January 17, 2012
4290:2018EnST...52.5949D
4250:EXCEL HSC Chemistry
4159:10.1021/j100816a051
4132:10.1021/j100816a052
4098:10.1021/j100610a005
3882:10.1021/j100721a024
3449:ground glass joints
2931:Skincare ingredient
2925:potassium hydroxide
2909:transesterification
2796:2 Al + 2 NaOH + 6 H
2733:aluminium hydroxide
2674:Leonarda Cianciulli
2550:potassium hydroxide
2546:potassium hydroxide
2410:chloralkali process
2372:metathesis reaction
2370:(slaked lime) in a
2357:chloralkali process
2300:, and cast blocks.
2290:chloralkali process
2167:potassium hydroxide
2089:+ 6 NaOH â 2 Al(OH)
2058:Aluminium hydroxide
1997:O â 2 Na[Al(OH)
1993:2 Al + 2 NaOH + 6 H
1811:acidâbase reactions
1761:Reaction with acids
1756:Chemical properties
1478:exothermic reaction
1445:Physical properties
1188:Potassium hydroxide
1152:Sodium hydrosulfide
573:418 g/L (0 °C)
568:Solubility in water
39:
9805:E-number additives
9668:Electrolysed water
9599:Kolbe electrolysis
9594:Hofmann voltameter
9386:Molecules in stars
9356:Intergalactic dust
9301:Circumstellar dust
9243:Naphthalene cation
9178:Trihydrogen cation
9154:Hydrogen deuteride
9079:Methyltriacetylene
8914:Hexapentaenylidene
8733:E-Cyanomethanimine
8653:Cyclopropenylidene
8587:Tricarbon monoxide
8577:Silicon tricarbide
8547:Methylene amidogen
8537:Isothiocyanic acid
8452:Thioxoethenylidene
8412:Trihydrogen cation
8226:Titanium(II) oxide
8186:Potassium chloride
8165:Sulfur mononitride
8108:Helium hydride ion
8083:Carbon monosulfide
5153:Hill Brothers MSDS
5146:2008-02-28 at the
5141:Certified Lye MSDS
4818:on August 10, 2018
4725:"Sodium Hydroxide"
4523:2017-02-02 at the
4178:2020-10-07 at the
3834:"Sodium hydroxide"
3815:Michael Chambers.
3497:polyvinyl chloride
3473:
3368:
3320:water purification
3241:
3233:
2586:de-greasing metals
2504:salt spray testing
2283:Alkali manufacture
1382:. The monohydrate
1291:inorganic compound
1267:Infobox references
1221:Sodium deuteroxide
1203:Francium hydroxide
1193:Rubidium hydroxide
1135:Related compounds
1113:(Immediate danger)
988:
37:
9765:Cleaning products
9747:
9746:
9496:
9495:
9411:Pseudo-panspermia
9107:
9106:
9054:Cyanodecapentayne
8994:N-Methylformamide
8969:Methyldiacetylene
8894:Aminoacetonitrile
8864:Methyl isocyanate
8782:Methyl isocyanide
8663:Isocyanoacetylene
8643:Cyanoformaldehyde
8522:Hydrogen peroxide
8407:Potassium cyanide
8363:Magnesium cyanide
8316:Disilicon carbide
8311:Dicarbon monoxide
8118:Hydrogen fluoride
8113:Hydrogen chloride
7994:
7993:
7988:
7987:
6940:
6939:
6602:
6601:
5075:(92nd ed.).
4671:info.noahtech.com
4604:www.atsdr.cdc.gov
4385:on March 19, 2015
4284:(10): 5949â5958.
4259:978-1-74125-299-6
4126:(10): 2052â2059.
4092:(17): 1701â1709.
4003:on March 28, 2023
3625:certified-lye.com
3558:) and quicklime (
3215:Montreal Protocol
3154:calcium hydroxide
3111:
2803:â 2 Na[Al(OH)
2649:delignification,
2368:calcium hydroxide
2341:BĂ©cancour, Canada
2329:McIntosh, Alabama
2274:
2273:
2070:aluminium sulfate
1978:transition metals
1909:chemical reactors
1787:In general, such
1767:hydrochloric acid
1732:Crystal structure
1403:hydrochloric acid
1293:with the formula
1275:Chemical compound
1273:
1272:
1226:Sodium chloroxide
1213:Related compounds
1198:Caesium hydroxide
1183:Lithium hydroxide
1123:Safety data sheet
922:Hazard statements
849:Gibbs free energy
705:Crystal structure
404:CompTox Dashboard
181:Interactive image
38:Sodium hydroxide
16:(Redirected from
9817:
9800:Sodium compounds
9724:Electrochemistry
9703:Sodium hydroxide
9629:Wohlwill process
9523:
9516:
9509:
9500:
9486:
9485:
9484:
9474:
9473:
9472:
9462:
9461:
9460:
9449:
9448:
9396:Organic compound
9296:Chemical formula
9201:Dihydroxyacetone
9149:Hydrogen cyanide
8834:Cyanodiacetylene
8688:Propadienylidene
8582:Thioformaldehyde
8457:Titanium dioxide
8422:Sodium hydroxide
8343:Hydrogen sulfide
8331:Hydrogen cyanide
8291:Carbonyl sulfide
8256:
8247:
8238:
8196:Silicon monoxide
8129:Hydroxyl radical
8041:
8021:
8014:
8007:
7998:
7965:
7955:
7942:
7929:
7920:
7910:
7897:
7888:
7875:
7865:
7850:
7840:
7830:
7820:
7810:
7800:
7790:
7780:
7771:
7761:
7751:
7741:
7731:
7721:
7712:
7702:
7629:
7603:
7593:
7584:
7574:
7560:
7550:
7519:
7506:
7481:
7471:
7461:
7452:
7442:
7432:
7414:
7401:
7385:
7375:
7363:
7335:
7325:
7315:
7305:
7295:
7281:
7271:
7261:
7252:
7242:
7232:
7223:
7213:
7204:
7194:
7185:
7176:
7166:
7154:
7129:
7119:
7109:
7099:
7089:
7064:
7054:
7044:
7034:
7024:
7014:
6984:
6967:
6960:
6953:
6944:
6010:
5996:
5986:
5698:Oxypnictogenides
5507:Oxychalcogenides
5212:
5201:Sodium compounds
5194:
5187:
5180:
5171:
5090:
5057:
5043:
5037:
5031:
5013:
5007:
5005:
4970:
4964:
4958:
4952:
4943:
4932:
4931:
4929:
4927:
4921:
4910:
4902:
4896:
4895:
4893:
4892:
4877:
4871:
4861:
4855:
4854:
4852:
4850:
4841:. Archived from
4834:
4828:
4827:
4825:
4823:
4808:
4802:
4801:
4799:
4797:
4791:
4780:
4772:
4766:
4765:
4763:
4762:
4747:
4741:
4740:
4738:
4736:
4721:
4715:
4714:
4712:
4710:
4700:
4692:
4686:
4685:
4683:
4682:
4673:. Archived from
4663:
4657:
4656:
4647:Morfit, Campbell
4643:
4637:
4636:
4634:
4633:
4618:
4612:
4611:
4610:on May 28, 2010.
4606:. Archived from
4596:
4590:
4589:
4575:
4569:
4568:
4555:
4549:
4534:
4528:
4512:
4503:
4496:
4490:
4489:
4487:
4486:
4471:
4465:
4464:
4462:
4461:
4455:www.brenntag.com
4447:
4441:
4440:
4438:
4437:
4426:
4420:
4419:
4417:
4416:
4401:
4395:
4394:
4392:
4390:
4384:
4377:
4369:
4363:
4362:
4354:
4348:
4340:
4334:
4333:
4327:
4319:
4309:
4272:
4263:
4262:
4245:
4239:
4238:
4231:
4225:
4224:
4218:
4210:
4189:
4183:
4169:
4163:
4162:
4142:
4136:
4135:
4115:
4102:
4101:
4080:
4065:
4064:
4040:
4013:
4012:
4010:
4008:
3989:
3983:
3982:
3980:
3979:
3964:
3951:
3950:
3922:
3911:
3910:
3908:
3907:
3898:. Archived from
3892:
3886:
3885:
3865:
3846:
3845:
3830:
3824:
3813:
3807:
3806:
3794:
3783:
3780:
3774:
3773:
3767:
3759:
3738:
3732:
3731:Haynes, p. 4.135
3729:
3723:
3720:
3707:
3706:
3704:
3702:
3692:
3683:
3682:
3680:
3679:
3673:
3667:. Archived from
3665:hillbrothers.com
3662:
3654:
3643:
3642:
3640:
3639:
3633:
3627:. Archived from
3622:
3614:
3556:sodium carbonate
3545:
3539:
3527:
3491:, less common),
3459:gas on contact.
3399:ester hydrolysis
3395:amide hydrolysis
3106:
3081:
3075:
3067:
3020:sodium carbonate
3001:sodium carbonate
2973:caramel coloring
2951:Food preparation
2811:
2800:
2790:
2775:
2760:
2752:
2741:
2727:
2720:
2713:
2706:
2698:sodium aluminate
2657:Tissue digestion
2612:Chemical pulping
2523:hydrogen sulfide
2492:hydrogen sulfide
2461:aqueous solution
2429:
2396:
2395:(s) + 2 NaOH(aq)
2364:sodium carbonate
2180:
2175:propylene glycol
2137:
2101:
2053:
2042:
2025:Iron(II) - green
2005:
1972:
1954:
1950:
1946:
1942:
1907:and glass-lined
1886:
1863:
1855:
1819:primary standard
1801:
1783:
1720:
1701:
1672:
1664:
1656:
1648:
1625:
1614:
1603:
1592:
1585:Trihemihydrate,
1581:
1570:
1559:
1548:
1528:
1508:
1488:
1389:
1381:
1335:that decomposes
1320:
1310:
1296:
1281:, also known as
1279:Sodium hydroxide
1257:
1251:
1248:
1247:
1062:lowest published
1015:
1008:
1001:
994:
979:
959:
955:
951:
937:
933:
929:
901:
896:
860:
838:
811:
787:
772:Thermochemistry
732:Lattice constant
680:Refractive index
630:<<139 g/L
601:propylene glycol
591:, negligible in
498:Chemical formula
428:
427:
412:
410:
397:1824 (solution)
382:
346:
335:
324:
322:Sodium+Hydroxide
307:
285:Gmelin Reference
271:
253:
245:
234:
223:
203:
183:
159:
103:Sodium hydroxide
89:
73:
63:
53:
47:
40:
21:
9825:
9824:
9820:
9819:
9818:
9816:
9815:
9814:
9750:
9749:
9748:
9743:
9712:
9693:Potassium metal
9688:Magnesium metal
9633:
9554:Castner process
9537:
9527:
9497:
9492:
9482:
9480:
9470:
9468:
9458:
9456:
9436:
9262:
9238:
9229:
9182:
9172:
9115:
9103:
9084:Propionaldehyde
9059:Ethylene glycol
9048:
9040:
9036:
9007:
9005:
8998:
8954:Cyanohexatriyne
8940:
8933:
8880:
8873:
8808:
8801:
8761:
8714:
8707:
8678:Methoxy radical
8608:
8601:
8597:Thiocyanic acid
8478:
8471:
8381:
8321:Ethynyl radical
8257:
8251:
8250:
8249:
8248:
8242:
8241:
8240:
8239:
8230:
8221:Sulfur monoxide
8206:Sodium chloride
8191:Silicon carbide
8098:Diatomic carbon
8088:Carbon monoxide
8030:
8025:
7995:
7990:
7989:
7964:
7960:
7954:
7950:
7941:
7937:
7933:
7931:
7928:
7924:
7922:
7919:
7915:
7909:
7905:
7901:
7899:
7896:
7892:
7890:
7887:
7883:
7874:
7870:
7864:
7860:
7849:
7845:
7839:
7835:
7829:
7825:
7819:
7815:
7809:
7805:
7799:
7795:
7789:
7785:
7779:
7775:
7773:
7770:
7766:
7760:
7756:
7750:
7746:
7740:
7736:
7730:
7726:
7720:
7716:
7714:
7711:
7707:
7701:
7697:
7628:
7624:
7602:
7598:
7592:
7588:
7586:
7583:
7579:
7573:
7569:
7567:
7559:
7555:
7549:
7545:
7518:
7514:
7505:
7501:
7480:
7476:
7470:
7466:
7460:
7456:
7454:
7451:
7447:
7441:
7437:
7431:
7427:
7413:
7409:
7400:
7396:
7384:
7380:
7374:
7370:
7362:
7358:
7334:
7330:
7324:
7320:
7314:
7310:
7304:
7300:
7294:
7290:
7288:
7280:
7276:
7270:
7266:
7260:
7256:
7254:
7251:
7247:
7241:
7237:
7231:
7227:
7225:
7222:
7218:
7212:
7208:
7206:
7203:
7199:
7193:
7189:
7187:
7184:
7180:
7178:
7175:
7171:
7165:
7161:
7153:
7149:
7128:
7124:
7118:
7114:
7108:
7104:
7098:
7094:
7088:
7084:
7063:
7059:
7052:
7048:
7046:
7043:
7039:
7033:
7029:
7023:
7019:
7013:
7009:
6976:
6971:
6941:
6936:
6932:
6928:
6924:
6920:
6916:
6907:
6903:
6899:
6890:
6886:
6877:
6873:
6865:
6861:
6852:
6848:
6839:
6835:
6826:
6822:
6818:
6810:
6806:
6802:
6794:
6790:
6786:
6777:
6769:
6765:
6757:
6753:
6749:
6741:
6737:
6733:
6725:
6721:
6717:
6708:
6700:
6696:
6692:
6684:
6680:
6676:
6672:
6663:
6659:
6650:
6646:
6632:
6628:
6619:
6598:
6594:
6590:
6582:
6578:
6574:
6565:
6561:
6557:
6549:
6545:
6537:
6533:
6525:
6521:
6517:
6513:
6505:
6501:
6493:
6489:
6481:
6477:
6473:
6465:
6461:
6453:
6449:
6441:
6437:
6429:
6425:
6421:
6413:
6409:
6401:
6397:
6389:
6385:
6381:
6373:
6369:
6365:
6357:
6353:
6345:
6341:
6333:
6329:
6321:
6317:
6309:
6300:
6292:
6288:
6280:
6276:
6272:
6264:
6260:
6256:
6248:
6244:
6236:
6232:
6228:
6220:
6216:
6212:
6204:
6200:
6192:
6184:
6176:
6163:
6150:
6142:
6134:
6130:
6122:
6109:
6091:
6083:
6079:
6075:
6067:
6063:
6059:
6051:
6047:
6043:
6035:
6026:
6018:
6009:
6005:
6001:
5995:
5991:
5985:
5981:
5976:
5968:
5964:
5956:
5952:
5944:
5936:
5921:
5917:
5909:
5905:
5897:
5893:
5885:
5881:
5873:
5869:
5861:
5857:
5853:
5849:
5841:
5837:
5833:
5825:
5821:
5817:
5809:
5805:
5797:
5793:
5789:
5780:
5776:
5768:
5764:
5756:
5752:
5744:
5740:
5732:
5728:
5724:
5716:
5708:
5693:
5689:
5685:
5677:
5669:
5665:
5657:
5653:
5645:
5641:
5637:
5629:
5625:
5621:
5613:
5609:
5605:
5597:
5593:
5589:
5581:
5577:
5573:
5565:
5561:
5557:
5549:
5541:
5533:
5529:
5521:
5517:
5502:
5498:
5490:
5482:
5474:
5466:
5453:
5445:
5437:
5417:
5412:
5403:
5395:
5387:
5378:
5363:
5358:
5344:
5330:
5316:
5298:
5294:
5285:
5277:
5269:
5254:
5230:
5203:
5198:
5148:Wayback Machine
5107:Chlorine Online
5097:
5087:
5068:
5065:
5060:
5044:
5040:
5015:
5014:
5010:
4981:
4971:
4967:
4959:
4955:
4944:
4935:
4925:
4923:
4919:
4908:
4904:
4903:
4899:
4890:
4888:
4879:
4878:
4874:
4862:
4858:
4848:
4846:
4845:on July 1, 2016
4836:
4835:
4831:
4821:
4819:
4810:
4809:
4805:
4795:
4793:
4789:
4778:
4774:
4773:
4769:
4760:
4758:
4749:
4748:
4744:
4734:
4732:
4723:
4722:
4718:
4708:
4706:
4698:
4694:
4693:
4689:
4680:
4678:
4665:
4664:
4660:
4645:
4644:
4640:
4631:
4629:
4620:
4619:
4615:
4598:
4597:
4593:
4585:Washington Post
4577:
4576:
4572:
4557:
4556:
4552:
4535:
4531:
4525:Wayback Machine
4513:
4506:
4497:
4493:
4484:
4482:
4473:
4472:
4468:
4459:
4457:
4449:
4448:
4444:
4435:
4433:
4428:
4427:
4423:
4414:
4412:
4403:
4402:
4398:
4388:
4386:
4382:
4375:
4371:
4370:
4366:
4356:
4355:
4351:
4341:
4337:
4320:
4274:
4273:
4266:
4260:
4247:
4246:
4242:
4233:
4232:
4228:
4211:
4191:
4190:
4186:
4180:Wayback Machine
4170:
4166:
4144:
4143:
4139:
4117:
4116:
4105:
4082:
4081:
4068:
4042:
4041:
4016:
4006:
4004:
3991:
3990:
3986:
3977:
3975:
3966:
3965:
3954:
3947:
3924:
3923:
3914:
3905:
3903:
3894:
3893:
3889:
3867:
3866:
3849:
3832:
3831:
3827:
3814:
3810:
3796:
3795:
3786:
3782:Haynes, p. 5.13
3781:
3777:
3760:
3750:(12): 119â124.
3740:
3739:
3735:
3730:
3726:
3722:Haynes, p. 4.90
3721:
3710:
3700:
3698:
3694:
3693:
3686:
3677:
3675:
3671:
3660:
3656:
3655:
3646:
3637:
3635:
3631:
3620:
3616:
3615:
3606:
3602:
3580:
3564:Nicolas Leblanc
3520:
3501:stainless steel
3465:
3419:safety clothing
3357:
3348:
3328:
3326:Historical uses
3316:
3314:Water treatment
3307:
3299:straighten hair
3291:
3279:acidic versions
3225:Hardware stores
3211:trichloroethane
3197:stainless steel
3169:
3163:
3035:One variety of
3030:Chinese noodles
2953:
2933:
2886:
2878:sodium plumbate
2844:aluminium oxide
2810:
2806:
2802:
2799:
2795:
2789:
2785:
2781:
2777:
2774:
2770:
2766:
2762:
2758:
2754:
2751:
2747:
2743:
2740:
2736:
2726:
2722:
2719:
2715:
2711:
2707:
2704:
2686:
2659:
2620:
2614:
2519:caustic washing
2453:
2447:
2427:
2423:
2419:
2402:Leblanc process
2394:
2390:
2386:
2382:
2378:
2351:, Shintek, and
2317:Freeport, Texas
2286:
2279:
2144:
2136:
2132:
2128:
2124:
2120:
2116:
2112:
2108:
2104:
2100:
2096:
2092:
2088:
2084:
2080:
2076:
2066:water treatment
2052:
2048:
2044:
2041:
2037:
2033:
2012:
2004:
2000:
1996:
1992:
1971:
1967:
1963:
1959:
1952:
1948:
1944:
1940:
1925:iron(III) oxide
1921:endothermically
1893:
1884:
1880:
1876:
1872:
1868:
1861:
1857:
1854:
1850:
1835:
1799:
1795:
1781:
1777:
1771:sodium chloride
1763:
1758:
1734:
1718:
1714:
1699:
1695:
1670:
1666:
1662:
1658:
1654:
1650:
1646:
1642:
1623:
1619:
1612:
1608:
1601:
1597:
1590:
1586:
1579:
1575:
1568:
1564:
1557:
1553:
1546:
1542:
1526:
1518:
1515:
1506:
1495:
1486:
1447:
1442:
1387:
1383:
1379:
1371:
1318:
1308:
1294:
1276:
1269:
1264:
1263:
1262: ?)
1253:
1249:
1245:
1241:
1230:
1214:
1207:
1176:
1166:
1145:
1114:
1101:
1088:
1065:
1059:
1049:
1047:
1043:
1037:
1020:
1019:
1018:
1017:
1010:
1003:
996:
989:
985:
977:
946:
924:
910:
889:
861:
855:
851:
839:
836:
830:
826:
823:
822:Std enthalpy of
815:64.4 J/(mol·K)
812:
809:
802:
799:
791:59.5 J/(mol·K)
788:
781:
764:
750:
734:
722:
707:
690:
688:
670:
656:
641:
595:, insoluble in
576:
574:
570:
500:
486:
483:
478:
477:
466:
463:
462:
459:
453:
452:
449:
443:
442:
431:
413:
406:
396:
385:
365:
349:
336:
310:
287:
263:
226:
206:
186:
173:
162:
149:
135:
134:
104:
80:
79:
71:
69:
61:
59:
51:
48:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
9823:
9821:
9813:
9812:
9807:
9802:
9797:
9792:
9787:
9782:
9777:
9772:
9767:
9762:
9752:
9751:
9745:
9744:
9742:
9741:
9736:
9731:
9726:
9720:
9718:
9714:
9713:
9711:
9710:
9705:
9700:
9695:
9690:
9685:
9680:
9675:
9670:
9665:
9660:
9655:
9650:
9641:
9639:
9635:
9634:
9632:
9631:
9626:
9621:
9620:
9619:
9614:
9606:
9604:Hoopes process
9601:
9596:
9591:
9586:
9584:Electrowinning
9581:
9576:
9571:
9566:
9561:
9556:
9551:
9545:
9543:
9539:
9538:
9528:
9526:
9525:
9518:
9511:
9503:
9494:
9493:
9491:
9490:
9478:
9466:
9454:
9441:
9438:
9437:
9435:
9434:
9429:
9424:
9419:
9413:
9408:
9403:
9398:
9393:
9388:
9383:
9378:
9373:
9368:
9363:
9358:
9353:
9348:
9343:
9338:
9333:
9328:
9323:
9321:Cosmochemistry
9318:
9313:
9308:
9303:
9298:
9293:
9288:
9286:Astrochemistry
9283:
9278:
9272:
9270:
9264:
9263:
9261:
9260:
9255:
9250:
9245:
9240:
9236:
9232:
9227:
9223:
9218:
9213:
9208:
9203:
9198:
9192:
9190:
9184:
9183:
9181:
9180:
9175:
9170:
9166:
9161:
9156:
9151:
9146:
9141:
9139:Formyl radical
9136:
9131:
9125:
9119:
9117:
9109:
9108:
9105:
9104:
9102:
9101:
9096:
9091:
9086:
9081:
9076:
9071:
9069:Methyl acetate
9066:
9061:
9056:
9051:
9046:
9042:
9038:
9034:
9028:
9023:
9018:
9012:
9010:
9000:
8999:
8997:
8996:
8991:
8986:
8981:
8976:
8971:
8966:
8961:
8959:Dimethyl ether
8956:
8951:
8945:
8943:
8935:
8934:
8932:
8931:
8926:
8924:Methyl formate
8921:
8916:
8911:
8909:Glycolaldehyde
8906:
8901:
8896:
8891:
8885:
8883:
8875:
8874:
8872:
8871:
8866:
8861:
8856:
8851:
8846:
8844:Glycolonitrile
8841:
8839:Ethylene oxide
8836:
8831:
8830:
8829:
8819:
8813:
8811:
8803:
8802:
8800:
8799:
8794:
8789:
8784:
8779:
8774:
8769:
8764:
8759:
8755:
8750:
8745:
8740:
8738:Cyclopropenone
8735:
8730:
8725:
8719:
8717:
8709:
8708:
8706:
8705:
8700:
8695:
8690:
8685:
8680:
8675:
8670:
8665:
8660:
8655:
8650:
8645:
8640:
8638:Cyanoacetylene
8635:
8630:
8625:
8620:
8613:
8611:
8603:
8602:
8600:
8599:
8594:
8589:
8584:
8579:
8574:
8569:
8564:
8559:
8557:Methyl radical
8554:
8549:
8544:
8539:
8534:
8532:Isocyanic acid
8529:
8524:
8519:
8514:
8509:
8504:
8499:
8497:Isocyanic acid
8494:
8489:
8483:
8481:
8473:
8472:
8470:
8469:
8464:
8459:
8454:
8449:
8444:
8442:Sulfur dioxide
8439:
8434:
8429:
8424:
8419:
8417:Sodium cyanide
8414:
8409:
8404:
8399:
8394:
8389:
8384:
8379:
8375:
8370:
8365:
8360:
8355:
8350:
8345:
8340:
8334:
8328:
8326:Formyl radical
8323:
8318:
8313:
8308:
8303:
8298:
8293:
8288:
8286:Carbon dioxide
8283:
8278:
8273:
8267:
8265:
8259:
8258:
8233:
8231:
8229:
8228:
8223:
8218:
8213:
8208:
8203:
8198:
8193:
8188:
8183:
8178:
8173:
8167:
8162:
8157:
8151:
8146:
8141:
8136:
8134:Iron(II) oxide
8131:
8126:
8120:
8115:
8110:
8105:
8100:
8095:
8090:
8085:
8080:
8075:
8070:
8065:
8060:
8055:
8049:
8047:
8038:
8032:
8031:
8026:
8024:
8023:
8016:
8009:
8001:
7992:
7991:
7986:
7985:
7982:
7979:
7976:
7973:
7970:
7967:
7957:
7947:
7944:
7912:
7880:
7877:
7867:
7857:
7853:
7852:
7842:
7832:
7822:
7812:
7802:
7792:
7782:
7763:
7753:
7743:
7733:
7723:
7704:
7694:
7690:
7689:
7686:
7683:
7682:
7679:
7676:
7673:
7670:
7667:
7664:
7661:
7658:
7655:
7652:
7649:
7646:
7643:
7640:
7637:
7634:
7631:
7621:
7615:
7614:
7611:
7608:
7605:
7595:
7576:
7562:
7552:
7542:
7539:
7536:
7533:
7530:
7527:
7524:
7521:
7511:
7508:
7498:
7492:
7491:
7488:
7483:
7473:
7463:
7444:
7434:
7424:
7419:
7416:
7406:
7403:
7393:
7390:
7387:
7377:
7367:
7365:
7355:
7349:
7348:
7345:
7340:
7337:
7327:
7317:
7307:
7297:
7283:
7273:
7263:
7244:
7234:
7215:
7196:
7168:
7158:
7156:
7146:
7140:
7139:
7136:
7131:
7121:
7111:
7101:
7091:
7081:
7075:
7074:
7071:
7066:
7056:
7036:
7026:
7016:
7006:
7000:
6999:
6996:
6994:
6992:
6990:
6982:
6981:
6978:
6977:
6972:
6970:
6969:
6962:
6955:
6947:
6938:
6937:
6935:
6934:
6930:
6926:
6922:
6918:
6914:
6910:
6905:
6901:
6897:
6893:
6888:
6884:
6880:
6875:
6871:
6867:
6863:
6859:
6855:
6850:
6846:
6842:
6837:
6833:
6829:
6824:
6820:
6816:
6812:
6808:
6804:
6800:
6796:
6792:
6788:
6784:
6780:
6775:
6771:
6767:
6763:
6759:
6755:
6751:
6747:
6743:
6739:
6735:
6731:
6727:
6723:
6719:
6715:
6711:
6706:
6702:
6698:
6694:
6690:
6686:
6682:
6678:
6674:
6670:
6666:
6661:
6657:
6653:
6648:
6644:
6640:
6635:
6630:
6626:
6622:
6617:
6612:
6610:
6604:
6603:
6600:
6599:
6597:
6596:
6592:
6588:
6584:
6580:
6576:
6572:
6568:
6563:
6559:
6555:
6551:
6547:
6543:
6539:
6535:
6531:
6527:
6523:
6519:
6515:
6511:
6507:
6503:
6499:
6495:
6491:
6487:
6483:
6479:
6475:
6471:
6467:
6463:
6459:
6455:
6451:
6447:
6443:
6439:
6435:
6431:
6427:
6423:
6419:
6415:
6411:
6407:
6403:
6399:
6395:
6391:
6387:
6383:
6379:
6375:
6371:
6367:
6363:
6359:
6355:
6351:
6347:
6343:
6339:
6335:
6331:
6327:
6323:
6319:
6315:
6311:
6307:
6303:
6298:
6294:
6290:
6286:
6282:
6278:
6274:
6270:
6266:
6262:
6258:
6254:
6250:
6246:
6242:
6238:
6234:
6230:
6226:
6222:
6218:
6214:
6210:
6206:
6202:
6198:
6194:
6190:
6186:
6182:
6178:
6174:
6170:
6165:
6161:
6157:
6152:
6148:
6144:
6140:
6136:
6132:
6128:
6124:
6120:
6116:
6111:
6107:
6103:
6098:
6093:
6089:
6085:
6081:
6077:
6073:
6069:
6065:
6061:
6057:
6053:
6049:
6045:
6041:
6037:
6033:
6029:
6024:
6020:
6016:
6012:
5998:
5988:
5978:
5974:
5970:
5966:
5962:
5958:
5954:
5950:
5946:
5942:
5938:
5934:
5929:
5927:
5923:
5922:
5920:
5919:
5915:
5911:
5907:
5903:
5899:
5895:
5891:
5887:
5883:
5879:
5875:
5871:
5867:
5863:
5859:
5855:
5851:
5847:
5843:
5839:
5835:
5831:
5827:
5823:
5819:
5815:
5811:
5807:
5803:
5799:
5795:
5791:
5787:
5783:
5778:
5774:
5770:
5766:
5762:
5758:
5754:
5750:
5746:
5742:
5738:
5734:
5730:
5726:
5722:
5718:
5714:
5710:
5706:
5701:
5699:
5695:
5694:
5692:
5691:
5687:
5683:
5679:
5675:
5671:
5667:
5663:
5659:
5655:
5651:
5647:
5643:
5639:
5635:
5631:
5627:
5623:
5619:
5615:
5611:
5607:
5603:
5599:
5595:
5591:
5587:
5583:
5579:
5575:
5571:
5567:
5563:
5559:
5555:
5551:
5547:
5543:
5539:
5535:
5531:
5527:
5523:
5519:
5515:
5510:
5508:
5504:
5503:
5501:
5500:
5496:
5492:
5488:
5484:
5480:
5476:
5472:
5468:
5464:
5460:
5455:
5451:
5447:
5443:
5439:
5435:
5431:
5425:
5423:
5419:
5418:
5416:
5415:
5410:
5406:
5401:
5397:
5393:
5389:
5385:
5381:
5376:
5371:
5369:
5365:
5364:
5362:
5361:
5356:
5352:
5347:
5342:
5338:
5333:
5328:
5324:
5319:
5314:
5310:
5305:
5300:
5296:
5292:
5288:
5283:
5279:
5275:
5271:
5267:
5262:
5260:
5256:
5255:
5253:
5252:
5247:
5242:
5237:
5232:
5228:
5224:
5218:
5216:
5209:
5205:
5204:
5199:
5197:
5196:
5189:
5182:
5174:
5168:
5167:
5162:
5157:
5156:
5155:
5150:
5138:
5133:
5124:
5119:
5114:
5109:
5103:
5096:
5095:External links
5093:
5092:
5091:
5086:978-1439855119
5085:
5064:
5061:
5059:
5058:
5038:
5008:
4996:(6): 317â418.
4965:
4953:
4933:
4897:
4872:
4856:
4829:
4803:
4767:
4742:
4716:
4703:cir-safety.org
4687:
4658:
4638:
4613:
4591:
4570:
4550:
4529:
4504:
4491:
4466:
4442:
4421:
4396:
4364:
4349:
4335:
4264:
4258:
4240:
4234:ç„æ©, èźž (1992),
4226:
4184:
4164:
4137:
4103:
4066:
4014:
3984:
3952:
3946:978-3527306732
3945:
3912:
3887:
3876:(1): 149â157.
3847:
3825:
3808:
3784:
3775:
3733:
3724:
3708:
3684:
3644:
3603:
3601:
3598:
3597:
3596:
3591:
3586:
3579:
3576:
3519:
3516:
3464:
3461:
3423:eye protection
3403:chemical burns
3391:living tissues
3364:Chemical burns
3356:
3353:
3347:
3344:
3327:
3324:
3315:
3312:
3306:
3305:Paint stripper
3303:
3290:
3287:
3271:heat generated
3173:cleaning agent
3167:Cleaning agent
3165:Main article:
3162:
3161:Cleaning agent
3159:
3158:
3157:
3142:corn tortillas
3119:
3113:
3093:dish known as
3087:
3050:
3047:
3040:
3033:
3026:
3023:
2952:
2949:
2932:
2929:
2894:saponification
2885:
2882:
2880:respectively.
2874:sodium zincate
2813:
2812:
2729:
2728:
2685:
2682:
2658:
2655:
2624:sodium sulfide
2616:Main article:
2613:
2610:
2609:
2608:
2605:
2602:
2592:
2587:
2584:
2569:
2562:
2556:
2553:
2496:carbon dioxide
2446:
2443:
2439:sodium amalgam
2431:
2430:
2406:Solvay process
2398:
2397:
2315:from sites at
2278:
2275:
2272:
2271:
2268:
2265:
2262:
2259:
2256:
2253:
2249:
2248:
2245:
2242:
2239:
2236:
2233:
2230:
2226:
2225:
2222:
2219:
2216:
2213:
2210:
2207:
2203:
2202:
2199:
2196:
2193:
2190:
2187:
2184:
2152:saponification
2143:
2142:Saponification
2140:
2139:
2138:
2102:
2030:
2029:
2026:
2023:
2011:
2008:
2007:
2006:
1974:
1973:
1892:
1889:
1888:
1887:
1843:sulfur dioxide
1834:
1831:
1827:carbon dioxide
1821:because it is
1803:
1802:
1789:neutralization
1785:
1784:
1762:
1759:
1757:
1754:
1750:hydrogen bonds
1733:
1730:
1716:
1715:NaOH·3.5H
1697:
1668:
1660:
1652:
1651:NaOH·3.5H
1644:
1628:
1627:
1621:
1616:
1610:
1605:
1599:
1594:
1588:
1587:NaOH·3.5H
1583:
1577:
1574:Tetrahydrate,
1572:
1566:
1563:Tetrahydrate,
1561:
1555:
1552:Pentahydrate,
1550:
1544:
1541:Heptahydrate,
1514:
1511:
1494:
1491:
1483:saponification
1446:
1443:
1441:
1438:
1422:drinking water
1385:
1361:carbon dioxide
1349:chemical burns
1301:consisting of
1299:ionic compound
1274:
1271:
1270:
1265:
1243:
1242:
1238:standard state
1235:
1232:
1231:
1229:
1228:
1223:
1217:
1215:
1212:
1209:
1208:
1206:
1205:
1200:
1195:
1190:
1185:
1179:
1177:
1171:
1168:
1167:
1165:
1164:
1159:
1157:Sodium hydride
1154:
1148:
1146:
1140:
1137:
1136:
1132:
1131:
1126:
1119:
1118:
1115:
1109:
1106:
1105:
1102:
1096:
1093:
1092:
1089:
1083:
1080:
1079:
1070:
1069:
1066:
1057:
1055:
1052:
1051:
1044:
1035:
1033:
1030:
1029:
1022:
1021:
1011:
1004:
997:
990:
975:
974:
973:
972:
970:
961:
960:
954:P305+P351+P338
947:
942:
939:
938:
925:
920:
917:
916:
911:
906:
903:
902:
890:
885:
882:
881:
871:
870:
866:
865:
864:-379.7 kJ/mol
862:
853:
847:
844:
843:
842:â425.8 kJ/mol
840:
834:
828:
820:
817:
816:
813:
807:
796:
793:
792:
789:
777:
774:
773:
769:
768:
765:
755:
752:
751:
737:
735:
730:
727:
726:
723:
718:
715:
714:
710:Orthorhombic,
708:
703:
700:
699:
695:
694:
691:
686:
678:
675:
674:
671:
665:
662:
661:
658:
654:
644:
643:
638:
636:Vapor pressure
632:
631:
628:
618:
617:
614:
604:
603:
585:
579:
578:
571:
566:
563:
562:
559:
553:
552:
549:
543:
542:
539:
533:
532:
529:
523:
522:
519:
515:
514:
511:
505:
504:
501:
496:
493:
492:
488:
487:
485:
484:
481:
473:
472:
471:
468:
467:
465:
464:
460:
457:
456:
454:
450:
447:
446:
438:
437:
436:
433:
432:
430:
429:
416:
414:
402:
399:
398:
393:
387:
386:
384:
383:
375:
373:
367:
366:
364:
363:
359:
357:
351:
350:
348:
347:
339:
337:
329:
326:
325:
318:
312:
311:
309:
308:
300:
298:
292:
291:
288:
283:
280:
279:
273:
265:
264:
262:
261:
257:
255:
247:
246:
236:
228:
227:
225:
224:
216:
214:
208:
207:
205:
204:
196:
194:
188:
187:
185:
184:
176:
174:
167:
164:
163:
161:
160:
152:
150:
145:
142:
141:
137:
136:
133:
132:
129:
128:Sodium hydrate
126:
123:
118:
115:
111:
110:
106:
105:
102:
96:
95:
91:
90:
82:
81:
70:
60:
50:
49:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
9822:
9811:
9808:
9806:
9803:
9801:
9798:
9796:
9793:
9791:
9788:
9786:
9783:
9781:
9778:
9776:
9773:
9771:
9768:
9766:
9763:
9761:
9758:
9757:
9755:
9740:
9737:
9735:
9732:
9730:
9727:
9725:
9722:
9721:
9719:
9715:
9709:
9706:
9704:
9701:
9699:
9696:
9694:
9691:
9689:
9686:
9684:
9683:Lithium metal
9681:
9679:
9676:
9674:
9671:
9669:
9666:
9664:
9661:
9659:
9656:
9654:
9653:Calcium metal
9651:
9649:
9646:
9643:
9642:
9640:
9636:
9630:
9627:
9625:
9622:
9618:
9615:
9613:
9610:
9609:
9607:
9605:
9602:
9600:
9597:
9595:
9592:
9590:
9587:
9585:
9582:
9580:
9577:
9575:
9572:
9570:
9567:
9565:
9562:
9560:
9557:
9555:
9552:
9550:
9547:
9546:
9544:
9540:
9536:
9532:
9524:
9519:
9517:
9512:
9510:
9505:
9504:
9501:
9489:
9479:
9477:
9467:
9465:
9455:
9453:
9452:
9443:
9442:
9439:
9433:
9430:
9428:
9425:
9423:
9420:
9417:
9414:
9412:
9409:
9407:
9404:
9402:
9399:
9397:
9394:
9392:
9389:
9387:
9384:
9382:
9379:
9377:
9374:
9372:
9369:
9367:
9364:
9362:
9359:
9357:
9354:
9352:
9351:Homochirality
9349:
9347:
9344:
9342:
9339:
9337:
9334:
9332:
9329:
9327:
9324:
9322:
9319:
9317:
9314:
9312:
9309:
9307:
9304:
9302:
9299:
9297:
9294:
9292:
9289:
9287:
9284:
9282:
9279:
9277:
9274:
9273:
9271:
9269:
9265:
9259:
9256:
9254:
9251:
9249:
9246:
9244:
9241:
9239:
9233:
9231:
9224:
9222:
9219:
9217:
9214:
9212:
9209:
9207:
9206:Methoxyethane
9204:
9202:
9199:
9197:
9194:
9193:
9191:
9189:
9185:
9179:
9176:
9174:
9167:
9165:
9162:
9160:
9157:
9155:
9152:
9150:
9147:
9145:
9142:
9140:
9137:
9135:
9132:
9129:
9126:
9124:
9121:
9120:
9118:
9114:
9110:
9100:
9097:
9095:
9092:
9090:
9089:Butyronitrile
9087:
9085:
9082:
9080:
9077:
9075:
9072:
9070:
9067:
9065:
9064:Ethyl formate
9062:
9060:
9057:
9055:
9052:
9050:
9043:
9032:
9029:
9027:
9024:
9022:
9019:
9017:
9014:
9013:
9011:
9009:
9001:
8995:
8992:
8990:
8989:Propionitrile
8987:
8985:
8982:
8980:
8977:
8975:
8972:
8970:
8967:
8965:
8962:
8960:
8957:
8955:
8952:
8950:
8947:
8946:
8944:
8942:
8936:
8930:
8927:
8925:
8922:
8920:
8917:
8915:
8912:
8910:
8907:
8905:
8902:
8900:
8897:
8895:
8892:
8890:
8887:
8886:
8884:
8882:
8876:
8870:
8869:Vinyl alcohol
8867:
8865:
8862:
8860:
8857:
8855:
8852:
8850:
8847:
8845:
8842:
8840:
8837:
8835:
8832:
8828:
8827:Vinyl cyanide
8825:
8824:
8823:
8822:Acrylonitrile
8820:
8818:
8815:
8814:
8812:
8810:
8804:
8798:
8795:
8793:
8790:
8788:
8787:Pentynylidyne
8785:
8783:
8780:
8778:
8775:
8773:
8770:
8768:
8765:
8763:
8756:
8754:
8751:
8749:
8746:
8744:
8741:
8739:
8736:
8734:
8731:
8729:
8726:
8724:
8721:
8720:
8718:
8716:
8710:
8704:
8701:
8699:
8696:
8694:
8691:
8689:
8686:
8684:
8683:Methylenimine
8681:
8679:
8676:
8674:
8671:
8669:
8666:
8664:
8661:
8659:
8656:
8654:
8651:
8649:
8646:
8644:
8641:
8639:
8636:
8634:
8631:
8629:
8626:
8624:
8621:
8618:
8615:
8614:
8612:
8610:
8604:
8598:
8595:
8593:
8590:
8588:
8585:
8583:
8580:
8578:
8575:
8573:
8570:
8568:
8565:
8563:
8562:Propynylidyne
8560:
8558:
8555:
8553:
8552:Methyl cation
8550:
8548:
8545:
8543:
8540:
8538:
8535:
8533:
8530:
8528:
8525:
8523:
8520:
8518:
8515:
8513:
8512:Fulminic acid
8510:
8508:
8505:
8503:
8500:
8498:
8495:
8493:
8490:
8488:
8485:
8484:
8482:
8480:
8474:
8468:
8465:
8463:
8460:
8458:
8455:
8453:
8450:
8448:
8445:
8443:
8440:
8438:
8435:
8433:
8430:
8428:
8425:
8423:
8420:
8418:
8415:
8413:
8410:
8408:
8405:
8403:
8400:
8398:
8395:
8393:
8390:
8388:
8387:Nitrous oxide
8385:
8383:
8376:
8374:
8371:
8369:
8366:
8364:
8361:
8359:
8356:
8354:
8351:
8349:
8346:
8344:
8341:
8338:
8335:
8332:
8329:
8327:
8324:
8322:
8319:
8317:
8314:
8312:
8309:
8307:
8304:
8302:
8299:
8297:
8294:
8292:
8289:
8287:
8284:
8282:
8281:Amino radical
8279:
8277:
8274:
8272:
8269:
8268:
8266:
8264:
8260:
8255:
8246:
8237:
8227:
8224:
8222:
8219:
8217:
8214:
8212:
8211:Sodium iodide
8209:
8207:
8204:
8202:
8199:
8197:
8194:
8192:
8189:
8187:
8184:
8182:
8179:
8177:
8174:
8171:
8168:
8166:
8163:
8161:
8158:
8155:
8152:
8150:
8147:
8145:
8142:
8140:
8137:
8135:
8132:
8130:
8127:
8124:
8121:
8119:
8116:
8114:
8111:
8109:
8106:
8104:
8101:
8099:
8096:
8094:
8093:Cyano radical
8091:
8089:
8086:
8084:
8081:
8079:
8076:
8074:
8073:Carbon cation
8071:
8069:
8066:
8064:
8061:
8059:
8056:
8054:
8051:
8050:
8048:
8046:
8042:
8039:
8037:
8033:
8029:
8022:
8017:
8015:
8010:
8008:
8003:
8002:
7999:
7983:
7980:
7977:
7974:
7971:
7968:
7966:
7958:
7956:
7948:
7945:
7943:
7930:
7921:
7913:
7911:
7898:
7889:
7881:
7878:
7876:
7868:
7866:
7858:
7855:
7854:
7851:
7843:
7841:
7833:
7831:
7823:
7821:
7813:
7811:
7803:
7801:
7793:
7791:
7783:
7781:
7772:
7764:
7762:
7754:
7752:
7744:
7742:
7734:
7732:
7724:
7722:
7713:
7705:
7703:
7695:
7692:
7691:
7684:
7680:
7677:
7674:
7671:
7668:
7665:
7662:
7659:
7656:
7653:
7650:
7647:
7644:
7641:
7638:
7635:
7632:
7630:
7622:
7620:
7617:
7616:
7612:
7609:
7606:
7604:
7596:
7594:
7585:
7577:
7575:
7566:
7563:
7561:
7553:
7551:
7543:
7540:
7537:
7534:
7531:
7528:
7525:
7522:
7520:
7512:
7509:
7507:
7499:
7497:
7494:
7493:
7489:
7487:
7484:
7482:
7474:
7472:
7464:
7462:
7453:
7445:
7443:
7435:
7433:
7425:
7423:
7420:
7417:
7415:
7407:
7404:
7402:
7394:
7391:
7388:
7386:
7378:
7376:
7368:
7366:
7364:
7356:
7354:
7351:
7350:
7346:
7344:
7341:
7338:
7336:
7328:
7326:
7318:
7316:
7308:
7306:
7298:
7296:
7287:
7284:
7282:
7274:
7272:
7264:
7262:
7253:
7245:
7243:
7235:
7233:
7224:
7216:
7214:
7205:
7197:
7195:
7186:
7177:
7169:
7167:
7159:
7157:
7155:
7147:
7145:
7142:
7141:
7137:
7135:
7132:
7130:
7122:
7120:
7112:
7110:
7102:
7100:
7092:
7090:
7082:
7080:
7077:
7076:
7072:
7070:
7067:
7065:
7057:
7055:
7045:
7037:
7035:
7027:
7025:
7017:
7015:
7007:
7005:
7002:
7001:
6997:
6991:
6989:
6986:
6985:
6979:
6975:
6968:
6963:
6961:
6956:
6954:
6949:
6948:
6945:
6933:
6911:
6909:
6894:
6892:
6881:
6879:
6868:
6866:
6856:
6854:
6843:
6841:
6830:
6828:
6813:
6811:
6797:
6795:
6781:
6779:
6772:
6770:
6760:
6758:
6744:
6742:
6728:
6726:
6712:
6710:
6703:
6701:
6687:
6685:
6667:
6665:
6654:
6652:
6641:
6639:
6636:
6634:
6623:
6621:
6614:
6613:
6611:
6609:
6605:
6595:
6585:
6583:
6569:
6567:
6552:
6550:
6540:
6538:
6528:
6526:
6508:
6506:
6496:
6494:
6484:
6482:
6468:
6466:
6456:
6454:
6444:
6442:
6432:
6430:
6416:
6414:
6404:
6402:
6392:
6390:
6376:
6374:
6360:
6358:
6348:
6346:
6336:
6334:
6324:
6322:
6312:
6310:
6304:
6302:
6295:
6293:
6283:
6281:
6267:
6265:
6251:
6249:
6239:
6237:
6223:
6221:
6207:
6205:
6195:
6193:
6187:
6185:
6179:
6177:
6171:
6169:
6166:
6164:
6158:
6156:
6153:
6151:
6145:
6143:
6137:
6135:
6125:
6123:
6117:
6115:
6112:
6110:
6104:
6102:
6099:
6097:
6094:
6092:
6086:
6084:
6070:
6068:
6054:
6052:
6038:
6036:
6030:
6028:
6021:
6019:
6013:
6011:
5999:
5997:
5989:
5987:
5979:
5977:
5971:
5969:
5959:
5957:
5947:
5945:
5939:
5937:
5931:
5930:
5928:
5924:
5918:
5912:
5910:
5900:
5898:
5888:
5886:
5876:
5874:
5864:
5862:
5844:
5842:
5828:
5826:
5812:
5810:
5800:
5798:
5784:
5782:
5771:
5769:
5759:
5757:
5747:
5745:
5735:
5733:
5719:
5717:
5711:
5709:
5703:
5702:
5700:
5696:
5690:
5680:
5678:
5672:
5670:
5660:
5658:
5648:
5646:
5632:
5630:
5616:
5614:
5600:
5598:
5584:
5582:
5568:
5566:
5552:
5550:
5544:
5542:
5536:
5534:
5524:
5522:
5512:
5511:
5509:
5505:
5499:
5493:
5491:
5485:
5483:
5477:
5475:
5469:
5467:
5461:
5459:
5456:
5454:
5448:
5446:
5440:
5438:
5432:
5430:
5427:
5426:
5424:
5420:
5414:
5407:
5405:
5398:
5396:
5390:
5388:
5382:
5380:
5373:
5372:
5370:
5368:Pnictogenides
5366:
5360:
5353:
5351:
5348:
5346:
5339:
5337:
5334:
5332:
5325:
5323:
5320:
5318:
5311:
5309:
5306:
5304:
5301:
5299:
5289:
5287:
5280:
5278:
5272:
5270:
5264:
5263:
5261:
5259:Chalcogenides
5257:
5251:
5248:
5246:
5243:
5241:
5238:
5236:
5233:
5231:
5225:
5223:
5220:
5219:
5217:
5213:
5210:
5206:
5202:
5195:
5190:
5188:
5183:
5181:
5176:
5175:
5172:
5166:
5163:
5161:
5158:
5154:
5151:
5149:
5145:
5142:
5139:
5137:
5134:
5131:
5128:
5127:
5125:
5123:
5120:
5118:
5115:
5113:
5110:
5108:
5104:
5102:
5099:
5098:
5094:
5088:
5082:
5078:
5074:
5073:
5067:
5066:
5062:
5056:
5055:9780306486241
5052:
5048:
5042:
5039:
5035:
5029:
5025:
5022:
5018:
5012:
5009:
5003:
4999:
4995:
4991:
4988:
4984:
4979:
4975:
4969:
4966:
4963:
4957:
4954:
4951:
4948:
4942:
4940:
4938:
4934:
4918:
4914:
4907:
4901:
4898:
4887:
4883:
4876:
4873:
4869:
4865:
4860:
4857:
4844:
4840:
4833:
4830:
4817:
4813:
4807:
4804:
4788:
4784:
4777:
4771:
4768:
4757:on 2011-09-11
4756:
4752:
4746:
4743:
4730:
4726:
4720:
4717:
4704:
4697:
4691:
4688:
4677:on 2020-10-10
4676:
4672:
4668:
4662:
4659:
4654:
4653:
4648:
4642:
4639:
4628:
4624:
4617:
4614:
4609:
4605:
4601:
4595:
4592:
4587:
4586:
4581:
4574:
4571:
4567:. 3 May 2014.
4566:
4565:
4560:
4554:
4551:
4547:
4546:0-393-32482-6
4543:
4539:
4533:
4530:
4526:
4522:
4519:
4518:
4511:
4509:
4505:
4501:
4495:
4492:
4480:
4476:
4470:
4467:
4456:
4452:
4446:
4443:
4431:
4425:
4422:
4411:
4407:
4400:
4397:
4381:
4374:
4368:
4365:
4360:
4353:
4350:
4346:
4345:
4339:
4336:
4331:
4325:
4317:
4313:
4308:
4307:1721.1/123096
4303:
4299:
4295:
4291:
4287:
4283:
4279:
4271:
4269:
4265:
4261:
4255:
4251:
4244:
4241:
4237:
4230:
4227:
4222:
4216:
4208:
4204:
4201:(1): 97â106.
4200:
4196:
4188:
4185:
4181:
4177:
4174:
4168:
4165:
4160:
4156:
4152:
4148:
4141:
4138:
4133:
4129:
4125:
4121:
4114:
4112:
4110:
4108:
4104:
4099:
4095:
4091:
4087:
4079:
4077:
4075:
4073:
4071:
4067:
4062:
4058:
4054:
4050:
4046:
4039:
4037:
4035:
4033:
4031:
4029:
4027:
4025:
4023:
4021:
4019:
4015:
4002:
3998:
3994:
3988:
3985:
3973:
3969:
3963:
3961:
3959:
3957:
3953:
3948:
3942:
3938:
3934:
3930:
3929:
3921:
3919:
3917:
3913:
3902:on 2018-01-10
3901:
3897:
3891:
3888:
3883:
3879:
3875:
3871:
3864:
3862:
3860:
3858:
3856:
3854:
3852:
3848:
3843:
3839:
3835:
3829:
3826:
3822:
3818:
3812:
3809:
3804:
3800:
3793:
3791:
3789:
3785:
3779:
3776:
3771:
3765:
3757:
3753:
3749:
3745:
3737:
3734:
3728:
3725:
3719:
3717:
3715:
3713:
3709:
3697:
3691:
3689:
3685:
3674:on 2012-08-03
3670:
3666:
3659:
3653:
3651:
3649:
3645:
3634:on 2008-02-28
3630:
3626:
3619:
3613:
3611:
3609:
3605:
3599:
3595:
3592:
3590:
3587:
3585:
3584:Acid and base
3582:
3581:
3577:
3575:
3573:
3569:
3565:
3561:
3560:calcium oxide
3557:
3553:
3549:
3544:
3538:
3533:
3532:
3526:
3517:
3515:
3513:
3508:
3506:
3502:
3498:
3494:
3490:
3486:
3482:
3477:
3469:
3462:
3460:
3458:
3454:
3450:
3446:
3442:
3437:
3435:
3431:
3426:
3424:
3420:
3416:
3415:rubber gloves
3412:
3408:
3404:
3400:
3396:
3392:
3388:
3384:
3380:
3376:
3373:
3365:
3361:
3354:
3352:
3345:
3343:
3341:
3337:
3333:
3325:
3323:
3321:
3313:
3311:
3304:
3302:
3300:
3296:
3288:
3286:
3284:
3280:
3276:
3272:
3268:
3264:
3261:
3257:
3254:
3253:water soluble
3250:
3246:
3245:drain openers
3237:
3230:
3229:drain cleaner
3226:
3222:
3218:
3216:
3212:
3208:
3205:
3200:
3198:
3194:
3190:
3186:
3182:
3178:
3174:
3168:
3160:
3155:
3151:
3147:
3143:
3139:
3135:
3131:
3127:
3123:
3120:
3117:
3114:
3109:
3104:
3100:
3096:
3092:
3088:
3085:
3080:
3074:
3073:
3066:
3065:
3059:
3055:
3051:
3048:
3045:
3041:
3038:
3034:
3031:
3027:
3024:
3021:
3017:
3013:
3012:
3011:
3008:
3006:
3002:
2998:
2994:
2990:
2986:
2982:
2978:
2974:
2970:
2966:
2962:
2958:
2950:
2948:
2946:
2942:
2938:
2930:
2928:
2926:
2922:
2918:
2914:
2910:
2906:
2902:
2897:
2895:
2891:
2883:
2881:
2879:
2875:
2870:
2868:
2864:
2860:
2856:
2852:
2849:
2845:
2841:
2837:
2836:Bayer process
2832:
2830:
2826:
2822:
2818:
2794:
2793:
2792:
2755:Na[Al(OH)
2734:
2703:
2702:
2701:
2699:
2695:
2691:
2683:
2681:
2677:
2675:
2672:
2671:serial killer
2668:
2663:
2656:
2654:
2652:
2648:
2644:
2640:
2639:kraft process
2636:
2633:
2629:
2625:
2619:
2611:
2606:
2603:
2601:
2597:
2593:
2591:
2588:
2585:
2582:
2581:Bayer process
2578:
2574:
2571:in purifying
2570:
2567:
2563:
2561:
2557:
2554:
2551:
2547:
2543:
2542:
2541:
2538:
2536:
2532:
2528:
2524:
2520:
2516:
2512:
2509:Poor quality
2507:
2505:
2501:
2497:
2493:
2489:
2485:
2481:
2477:
2473:
2469:
2464:
2462:
2458:
2452:
2444:
2442:
2440:
2436:
2420:2 Na(s) + 2 H
2418:
2417:
2416:
2413:
2411:
2407:
2403:
2377:
2376:
2375:
2373:
2369:
2365:
2360:
2358:
2354:
2350:
2346:
2342:
2338:
2334:
2330:
2326:
2322:
2318:
2314:
2310:
2306:
2301:
2299:
2295:
2291:
2284:
2276:
2269:
2266:
2263:
2260:
2257:
2254:
2250:
2246:
2243:
2240:
2237:
2234:
2231:
2227:
2223:
2220:
2217:
2214:
2211:
2208:
2204:
2181:
2178:
2176:
2172:
2168:
2165:
2161:
2160:alkyl halides
2157:
2153:
2150:(also called
2149:
2141:
2103:
2075:
2074:
2073:
2071:
2067:
2063:
2059:
2055:
2027:
2024:
2022:Copper - blue
2021:
2020:
2019:
2017:
2009:
1991:
1990:
1989:
1986:
1981:
1979:
1958:
1957:
1956:
1938:
1934:
1930:
1926:
1922:
1918:
1914:
1910:
1906:
1902:
1898:
1890:
1867:
1866:
1865:
1848:
1844:
1840:
1839:acidic oxides
1832:
1830:
1828:
1824:
1820:
1816:
1812:
1808:
1794:
1793:
1792:
1790:
1776:
1775:
1774:
1772:
1768:
1760:
1755:
1753:
1751:
1747:
1746:hydrargillite
1743:
1739:
1731:
1729:
1726:
1722:
1710:
1708:
1703:
1692:
1689:
1687:
1682:
1680:
1674:
1639:
1637:
1633:
1618:Monohydrate,
1617:
1606:
1604:: metastable.
1595:
1584:
1573:
1562:
1551:
1540:
1539:
1538:
1536:
1532:
1522:
1512:
1510:
1504:
1500:
1492:
1490:
1484:
1479:
1475:
1470:
1468:
1464:
1460:
1456:
1453:
1444:
1439:
1437:
1435:
1434:drain cleaner
1431:
1427:
1423:
1419:
1415:
1411:
1406:
1404:
1400:
1395:
1393:
1375:
1370:
1366:
1362:
1358:
1354:
1350:
1346:
1342:
1338:
1334:
1330:
1327:
1322:
1317:
1314:
1307:
1304:
1300:
1292:
1288:
1284:
1280:
1268:
1261:
1256:
1239:
1233:
1227:
1224:
1222:
1219:
1218:
1216:
1211:
1210:
1204:
1201:
1199:
1196:
1194:
1191:
1189:
1186:
1184:
1181:
1180:
1178:
1175:
1170:
1169:
1163:
1160:
1158:
1155:
1153:
1150:
1149:
1147:
1144:
1139:
1138:
1133:
1130:
1127:
1124:
1121:
1120:
1116:
1112:
1108:
1107:
1103:
1100:(Recommended)
1099:
1095:
1094:
1090:
1087:(Permissible)
1086:
1082:
1081:
1077:
1076:
1071:
1067:
1063:
1054:
1053:
1045:
1041:
1032:
1031:
1027:
1023:
1016:
1009:
1002:
995:
971:
968:
967:
963:
962:
948:
945:
941:
940:
926:
923:
919:
918:
915:
912:
909:
905:
904:
900:
895:
891:
888:
884:
883:
879:
877:
872:
867:
863:
858:
850:
846:
845:
841:
833:
825:
819:
818:
814:
806:
801:
795:
794:
790:
785:
780:
779:Heat capacity
776:
775:
770:
766:
762:
758:
757:Formula units
754:
753:
748:
744:
740:
736:
733:
729:
728:
725:Cmcm, No. 63
724:
721:
717:
716:
713:
709:
706:
702:
701:
696:
692:
685:
681:
677:
676:
672:
668:
664:
663:
659:
653:
649:
646:
645:
639:
637:
634:
633:
629:
627:
623:
620:
619:
615:
613:
609:
606:
605:
602:
598:
594:
590:
586:
584:
581:
580:
572:
569:
565:
564:
560:
558:
557:Boiling point
555:
554:
550:
548:
547:Melting point
545:
544:
540:
538:
535:
534:
530:
528:
525:
524:
520:
517:
516:
512:
510:
507:
506:
502:
499:
495:
494:
489:
480:
476:
469:
455:
445:
441:
434:
426:
422:
421:DTXSID0029634
418:
417:
415:
405:
401:
400:
394:
392:
389:
388:
381:
377:
376:
374:
372:
369:
368:
361:
360:
358:
356:
353:
352:
345:
341:
340:
338:
332:
328:
327:
323:
319:
317:
314:
313:
306:
302:
301:
299:
297:
294:
293:
289:
286:
282:
281:
278:
274:
272:
267:
266:
259:
258:
256:
254:
249:
248:
244:
240:
237:
235:
233:ECHA InfoCard
230:
229:
222:
218:
217:
215:
213:
210:
209:
202:
198:
197:
195:
193:
190:
189:
182:
178:
177:
175:
171:
166:
165:
158:
154:
153:
151:
148:
144:
143:
138:
131:White caustic
130:
127:
124:
122:
119:
116:
113:
112:
107:
101:
97:
92:
88:
83:
77:
67:
57:
46:
41:
33:
19:
9702:
9698:Sodium metal
9648:(extraction)
9608:Dow process
9531:electrolysis
9444:
9427:Spectroscopy
9281:Astrobiology
9134:Formaldehyde
9026:Benzonitrile
8817:Acetaldehyde
8772:Methanethiol
8723:Acetonitrile
8628:Carbodiimide
8507:Formaldehyde
8502:Cyanoethynyl
8421:
8353:Iron cyanide
8348:Hydroperoxyl
8149:Nitric oxide
7078:
5302:
5126:Data sheets
5071:
5063:Bibliography
5046:
5041:
5027:
5023:
5011:
4993:
4989:
4968:
4956:
4946:
4924:. Retrieved
4917:the original
4912:
4900:
4889:. Retrieved
4885:
4875:
4867:
4859:
4847:. Retrieved
4843:the original
4832:
4820:. Retrieved
4816:the original
4806:
4794:. Retrieved
4787:the original
4782:
4770:
4759:. Retrieved
4755:the original
4745:
4733:. Retrieved
4728:
4719:
4707:. Retrieved
4702:
4690:
4679:. Retrieved
4675:the original
4670:
4661:
4651:
4641:
4630:. Retrieved
4626:
4616:
4608:the original
4603:
4594:
4583:
4573:
4562:
4553:
4537:
4532:
4516:
4494:
4483:. Retrieved
4481:. 2016-09-06
4478:
4469:
4458:. Retrieved
4454:
4445:
4434:. Retrieved
4424:
4413:. Retrieved
4410:The Guardian
4409:
4399:
4387:. Retrieved
4380:the original
4367:
4358:
4352:
4343:
4338:
4324:cite journal
4281:
4277:
4249:
4243:
4235:
4229:
4215:cite journal
4198:
4194:
4187:
4167:
4153:(10): 2051.
4150:
4146:
4140:
4123:
4119:
4089:
4085:
4052:
4048:
4005:. Retrieved
4001:the original
3996:
3987:
3976:. Retrieved
3974:. 2018-09-08
3971:
3926:
3904:. Retrieved
3900:the original
3890:
3873:
3869:
3837:
3828:
3820:
3811:
3778:
3764:cite journal
3747:
3743:
3736:
3727:
3699:. Retrieved
3676:. Retrieved
3669:the original
3664:
3636:. Retrieved
3629:the original
3624:
3551:
3546:is ash from
3529:
3521:
3509:
3493:carbon steel
3478:
3474:
3438:
3427:
3369:
3349:
3329:
3317:
3308:
3292:
3242:
3204:parts washer
3201:
3170:
3044:century eggs
3009:
2975:production,
2971:processing,
2954:
2934:
2898:
2890:cold process
2887:
2871:
2848:electrolytic
2833:
2814:
2730:
2687:
2678:
2664:
2660:
2621:
2618:Pulp (paper)
2590:oil refining
2539:
2518:
2508:
2474:to increase
2472:drilling mud
2465:
2454:
2432:
2414:
2399:
2361:
2302:
2294:Chlorine gas
2287:
2145:
2056:
2031:
2013:
1982:
1975:
1968:+ 6 Na + 3 H
1894:
1836:
1825:and absorbs
1804:
1786:
1764:
1735:
1727:
1723:
1711:
1704:
1696:NaOH·7H
1693:
1690:
1683:
1678:
1675:
1667:NaOH·4H
1659:NaOH·3H
1640:
1635:
1631:
1629:
1609:NaOH·2H
1598:NaOH·3H
1596:Trihydrate,
1576:NaOH·4H
1565:NaOH·4H
1554:NaOH·5H
1543:NaOH·7H
1520:
1516:
1496:
1471:
1448:
1407:
1396:
1373:
1345:temperatures
1323:
1287:caustic soda
1286:
1282:
1278:
1277:
1162:Sodium oxide
1129:External SDS
1074:
1025:
965:
913:
875:
856:
831:
804:
783:
760:
746:
742:
738:
683:
651:
395:1823 (solid)
355:RTECS number
140:Identifiers
117:Caustic soda
109:Other names
9739:Electrology
9729:Gas cracker
9401:Outer space
9311:Cosmic dust
9276:Abiogenesis
9188:Unconfirmed
9144:Heavy water
8984:Ethanethiol
8899:Cyanoallene
8889:Acetic acid
8859:Methylamine
8743:Diacetylene
8658:Formic acid
8648:Cyanomethyl
8306:Diazenylium
8296:CCP radical
8172:(molecular)
8156:(molecular)
8125:(molecular)
5030:(4): 47â71.
4926:January 15,
4796:January 22,
4735:November 9,
4055:: 890â909.
3554:was impure
3430:dissolution
3370:Like other
3340:CO oximetry
3281:are highly
3251:to produce
3193:Surfactants
3079:pichi-pichi
3072:pitsi-pitsi
2995:and German
2945:pH balancer
2863:iron oxides
2821:passivation
2575:from which
2573:bauxite ore
2016:precipitate
2010:Precipitant
1985:road tanker
1949:ÎST < ÎH
1941:ÎST > ÎH
1931:metal, and
1869:2 NaOH + SO
1823:hygroscopic
1773:is formed:
1643:NaOH·H
1620:NaOH·H
1607:Dihydrate,
1474:dissolution
1432:, and as a
1401:and acidic
1384:NaOH·H
1343:at ambient
1091:TWA 2 mg/m
1040:median dose
1026:Lethal dose
908:Signal word
720:Space group
587:soluble in
518:Appearance
503:NaOH
491:Properties
239:100.013.805
201:CHEBI:32145
9785:Hydroxides
9775:Desiccants
9754:Categories
9569:Downs cell
9316:Cosmic ray
9258:Silylidyne
9221:Hemolithin
9196:Anthracene
9113:Deuterated
9094:Pyrimidine
8904:Ethanimine
8767:Ketenimine
8623:Butadiynyl
8447:Thioformyl
8301:Chloronium
6974:Hydroxides
5422:Oxyhalides
4891:2016-09-04
4761:2019-01-15
4681:2020-10-03
4632:2020-10-03
4485:2020-10-03
4460:2020-10-03
4436:2009-09-17
4415:2009-09-17
3978:2018-11-21
3906:2018-01-09
3678:2012-05-20
3638:2010-02-24
3600:References
3434:exothermic
3428:Moreover,
3277:and their
3260:hydrolyzes
3258:. It also
3207:detergents
2981:soft drink
2979:scalding,
2961:vegetables
2855:amphoteric
2708:NaOH + 2 H
2527:mercaptans
2476:alkalinity
2468:alkalinity
2449:See also:
2391:(s) â CaCO
2277:Production
2121:â 2 Al(OH)
2062:flocculant
1917:amphoteric
1841:, such as
1829:from air.
1815:titrations
1807:exothermic
1519:NaOH·
1440:Properties
1430:detergents
1394:compound.
1372:NaOH·
887:Pictograms
698:Structure
622:Solubility
608:Solubility
583:Solubility
541:2.13 g/cm
509:Molar mass
380:55X04QC32I
212:ChemSpider
168:3D model (
147:CAS Number
100:IUPAC name
9645:Aluminium
9617:Magnesium
9248:Phosphine
9116:molecules
9049:fullerene
8949:Acetamide
8753:Formamide
8633:Cyanamide
8487:Acetylene
8462:Tricarbon
8373:Methylene
8358:Isoformyl
8263:Triatomic
8036:Molecules
5208:Inorganic
5077:CRC Press
5002:706947607
4880:Pubchem.
4783:ucanr.org
4621:PubChem.
4007:March 28,
3534:(Arabic:
3512:normality
3487:, usual,
3453:aluminium
3447:or cause
3407:blindness
3372:corrosive
3336:vermilion
3283:corrosive
3130:corn nuts
3124:is dried
3099:Norwegian
3091:Norwegian
3060:) called
2997:lye rolls
2985:ice cream
2965:chocolate
2913:anhydrous
2901:biodiesel
2829:alodining
2825:anodizing
2767:O·Al
2690:aluminium
2651:oxidative
2632:cellulose
2577:aluminium
2531:Trafigura
2515:sulfurous
2511:crude oil
2490:(such as
2484:viscosity
2480:bentonite
2383:(aq) + Na
2117:+ 6 NaHCO
1953:ÎG > 0
1945:ÎG < 0
1901:stopcocks
1897:silicates
1634:= 0.5 or
1535:saturated
1499:viscosity
1493:Viscosity
1410:wood pulp
1392:anhydrous
1363:from the
1326:corrosive
1313:hydroxide
1104:C 2 mg/m
878:labelling
824:formation
798:Std molar
531:odorless
391:UN number
362:WB4900000
260:215-185-5
252:EC Number
157:1310-73-2
9717:See also
9673:Fluorine
9658:Chlorine
9235:Linear C
9216:Graphene
9128:Ammonium
8929:Acrolein
8792:Propynal
8777:Methanol
8748:Ethylene
8617:Ammonium
8392:Nitroxyl
8216:Sulfanyl
8160:Imidogen
8154:Nitrogen
8123:Hydrogen
8068:Argonium
8045:Diatomic
5144:Archived
4864:Page 168
4849:June 23,
4822:June 23,
4649:(1856).
4564:BBC News
4521:Archived
4389:July 17,
4316:29669210
4176:Archived
3844:(NIOSH).
3805:(NIOSH).
3701:June 12,
3578:See also
3548:saltwort
3540:, where
3457:hydrogen
3383:proteins
3295:relaxers
3263:proteins
3256:products
3150:Nixtamal
3095:lutefisk
3064:kutsinta
3054:Filipino
3016:pretzels
3005:E number
2993:pretzels
2941:cosmetic
2937:skincare
2921:methanol
2907:for the
2905:catalyst
2861:such as
2823:such as
2705:2 Al + 2
2696:gas and
2694:hydrogen
2667:roadkill
2600:bleaches
2488:acid gas
2349:Westlake
1933:hydrogen
1686:eutectic
1513:Hydrates
1463:methanol
1457:such as
1455:solvents
1418:textiles
1369:hydrates
1357:moisture
1341:proteins
1289:, is an
1117:10 mg/m
966:NFPA 704
869:Hazards
669:(χ)
616:238 g/L
612:methanol
589:glycerol
270:E number
125:Soda lye
114:Ascarite
76:Hydrogen
9612:Bromine
9381:Kerogen
9268:Related
9211:Glycine
9164:Propyne
9123:Ammonia
9021:Benzene
9016:Acetone
9008:or more
8979:Propene
8964:Ethanol
8854:Propyne
8673:Methane
8542:Ketenyl
8492:Ammonia
7688:
7049:[NH
6608:Organic
5961:NaAl(SO
5215:Halides
5006:p. 322.
4729:rsc.org
4709:May 12,
4286:Bibcode
4236:éŸçŽ ,éŸè„æșŻæș
3972:Protank
3821:nih.gov
3799:"#0565"
3537:al-qily
3518:History
3499:(PVC),
3463:Storage
3445:glazing
3413:, like
3379:alkalis
3289:Relaxer
3249:greases
3189:protein
3146:tamales
3110:
3103:lutfisk
3084:cassava
3058:kakanin
3014:German
2977:poultry
2867:red mud
2840:bauxite
2834:In the
2817:etching
2807:] + 3 H
2637:in the
2594:making
2353:Formosa
2345:Oxychem
2164:soluble
2001:] + 3 H
1809:. Such
1459:ethanol
1306:cations
1260:what is
1258: (
1174:cations
852:(Δ
800:entropy
693:1.3576
648:Acidity
626:ethanol
593:ammonia
537:Density
331:PubChem
9663:Copper
9432:Tholin
9253:Pyrene
8698:Silane
8668:Ketene
8170:Oxygen
7961:Cm(OH)
7951:Am(OH)
7925:Np(OH)
7916:Np(OH)
7871:Th(OH)
7861:Ac(OH)
7846:Yb(OH)
7836:Tm(OH)
7826:Er(OH)
7816:Ho(OH)
7806:Dy(OH)
7796:Tb(OH)
7786:Gd(OH)
7776:Eu(OH)
7767:Eu(OH)
7757:Sm(OH)
7747:Pm(OH)
7737:Nd(OH)
7727:Pr(OH)
7717:Ce(OH)
7708:Ce(OH)
7698:La(OH)
7625:Ra(OH)
7599:Bi(OH)
7589:Pb(OH)
7580:Pb(OH)
7570:Tl(OH)
7556:Hg(OH)
7546:Au(OH)
7515:Lu(OH)
7502:Ba(OH)
7477:Te(OH)
7467:Sb(OH)
7457:Sn(OH)
7448:Sn(OH)
7438:In(OH)
7428:Cd(OH)
7410:Rh(OH)
7397:Tc(OH)
7381:Zr(OH)
7359:Sr(OH)
7331:As(OH)
7321:Ge(OH)
7311:Ga(OH)
7301:Zn(OH)
7291:Cu(OH)
7277:Ni(OH)
7267:Co(OH)
7257:Fe(OH)
7248:Fe(OH)
7238:Mn(OH)
7228:Cr(OH)
7219:Cr(OH)
7190:Ti(OH)
7181:Ti(OH)
7172:Ti(OH)
7162:Sc(OH)
7150:Ca(OH)
7105:Si(OH)
7095:Al(OH)
7085:Mg(OH)
7010:Be(OH)
6738:(OH)CO
6638:HCOONa
6558:[Co(NO
6502:Fe(CN)
6490:Fe(CN)
6450:Zn(OH)
6139:NaHXeO
5973:NaAuCl
5926:Others
5674:NaHSeO
5083:
5053:
5000:
4731:. 2014
4705:. 2015
4544:
4314:
4256:
3943:
3552:alkali
3531:alkali
3503:, and
3387:lipids
3355:Safety
3177:grease
3122:Hominy
3116:Bagels
3037:zongzi
3007:E524.
2989:Olives
2957:fruits
2892:soap,
2647:oxygen
2635:fibers
2628:lignin
2437:where
2379:Ca(OH)
2339:; and
2313:tonnes
2305:tonnes
2298:prills
2270:1.524
2267:1.430
2264:1.328
2261:1.219
2258:1.109
2255:1.043
2247:762.2
2244:572.0
2241:398.3
2238:243.8
2235:110.9
2224:19.05
2221:14.30
2156:amides
2133:+ 6 CO
2125:+ 3 Na
2093:+ 3 Na
1976:A few
1929:sodium
1905:Flasks
1501:, 78 m
1337:lipids
1333:alkali
1316:anions
1303:sodium
1255:verify
1252:
1172:Other
1143:anions
1141:Other
1125:(SDS)
914:Danger
475:SMILES
305:D01169
290:68430
94:Names
74:
72:
66:Oxygen
64:
62:
56:Sodium
54:
52:
9418:(PAH)
9006:atoms
8941:atoms
8881:atoms
8879:Eight
8809:atoms
8807:Seven
8715:atoms
8609:atoms
8479:atoms
8467:Water
8397:Ozone
8339:(HNC)
8333:(HCN)
7893:U(OH)
7884:U(OH)
7371:Y(OH)
7209:V(OH)
7200:V(OH)
7125:S(OH)
7115:P(OH)
7060:O(OH)
7040:N(OH)
7030:C(OH)
7020:B(OH)
6891:COONa
6878:COONa
6791:AlNaO
6664:COONa
6651:COONa
6571:NaNSi
6566:]
6181:NaTcO
6173:NaTcO
6168:NaSCN
6160:NaReO
6155:NaOCN
6147:NaMnO
6119:NaHCO
6106:NaCoO
6101:NaCNO
6088:NaBiO
5992:NaAsF
5982:NaSbF
5941:NaAlO
5933:NaAlH
5914:NaSbO
5546:NaHSO
5538:NaHSO
5479:NaBrO
5471:NaBrO
5463:NaBrO
5458:NaBrO
5450:NaClO
5442:NaClO
5434:NaClO
5429:NaClO
5350:NaHTe
5336:NaSeH
4960:See:
4920:(PDF)
4909:(PDF)
4790:(PDF)
4779:(PDF)
4699:(PDF)
4383:(PDF)
4376:(PDF)
3672:(PDF)
3661:(PDF)
3632:(PDF)
3621:(PDF)
3441:glass
3375:acids
3134:grits
3126:maize
2969:cocoa
2737:NaAlO
2716:NaAlO
2630:from
2566:paper
2560:rayon
2366:with
2232:41.7
2218:9.95
2215:6.09
2212:2.77
2209:1.04
2171:sebum
1847:scrub
1467:ether
1452:polar
1426:soaps
1414:paper
1399:water
1353:water
1075:NIOSH
660:15.7
597:ether
440:InChI
344:14798
275:E524
221:14114
192:ChEBI
170:JSmol
9708:Zinc
8939:Nine
8607:Five
8517:HCCN
8477:Four
8437:SiNC
7938:(OH)
7906:(OH)
7619:FrOH
7565:TlOH
7496:CsOH
7422:AgOH
7353:RbOH
7343:BrOH
7286:CuOH
7134:ClOH
7079:NaOH
7004:LiOH
6705:NaCH
6591:PdCl
6514:Fe(C
6366:O(UO
6354:PtCl
6342:IrCl
6189:NaVO
6096:NaCN
6032:NaBO
6027:(CN)
6023:NaBH
6015:NaBH
5894:HAsO
5749:NaPO
5713:NaNO
5705:NaNO
5495:NaIO
5487:NaIO
5392:NaNH
5322:NaSH
5308:NaOD
5303:NaOH
5250:NaAt
5240:NaBr
5235:NaCl
5227:NaHF
5081:ISBN
5051:ISBN
5032:See
4998:OCLC
4994:VIII
4928:2013
4866:in:
4851:2016
4824:2016
4798:2012
4737:2014
4711:2024
4542:ISBN
4391:2014
4330:link
4312:PMID
4254:ISBN
4221:link
4009:2023
3941:ISBN
3770:link
3703:2012
3543:qily
3489:XLPE
3485:HDPE
3421:and
3397:and
3393:via
3385:and
3377:and
3267:hair
3187:and
3185:fats
3181:oils
3144:and
3138:masa
3108:lit.
3089:The
2967:and
2959:and
2939:and
2917:soap
2876:and
2714:â 2
2598:and
2596:dyes
2525:and
2494:and
2457:base
2445:Uses
2309:Olin
2158:and
1913:iron
1873:â Na
1856:and
1800:O(l)
1782:O(l)
1665:and
1507:NaOH
1487:NaOH
1461:and
1428:and
1412:and
1359:and
1339:and
1331:and
1329:base
1311:and
1295:NaOH
1285:and
1111:IDLH
958:P310
950:P280
936:H314
932:H302
928:H290
527:Odor
371:UNII
316:MeSH
296:KEGG
58:, Na
18:NaOH
9230:NCO
9130:ion
9037:, C
9004:Ten
8713:Six
8619:ion
7984:No
7981:Md
7978:Fm
7975:Es
7972:Cf
7969:Bk
7946:Pu
7934:NpO
7879:Pa
7856:**
7681:Og
7678:Ts
7675:Lv
7672:Mc
7669:Fl
7666:Nh
7663:Cn
7660:Rg
7657:Ds
7654:Mt
7651:Hs
7648:Bh
7645:Sg
7642:Db
7639:Rf
7636:Lr
7633:**
7613:Rn
7610:At
7607:Po
7541:Pt
7538:Ir
7535:Os
7532:Re
7526:Ta
7523:Hf
7490:Xe
7486:IOH
7418:Pd
7405:Ru
7392:Mo
7389:Nb
7347:Kr
7339:Se
7144:KOH
7138:Ar
7073:Ne
7069:FOH
7053:]OH
6998:He
6988:HOH
6919:256
6915:164
6858:NaC
6799:NaC
6778:NO]
6762:NaC
6746:NaC
6730:NaC
6714:NaC
6709:COO
6697:NaO
6633:ONa
6620:ONa
6575:(CH
6546:SiF
6534:SiO
6410:TiO
6398:SiO
6330:MoO
6318:MnO
6289:GeO
6245:CrO
6131:XeO
6114:NaH
6006:TiF
5953:AlF
5906:AsO
5902:NaH
5882:AsO
5870:AsO
5765:HPO
5737:NaH
5686:TeO
5666:SeO
5654:SeO
5384:NaN
5274:NaO
5266:NaO
5245:NaI
5222:NaF
4302:hdl
4294:doi
4203:doi
4199:597
4155:doi
4128:doi
4094:doi
4057:doi
3933:doi
3878:doi
3752:doi
3748:531
3389:in
3297:to
3076:or
2827:or
2776:or
2748:AlO
2723:3 H
2478:in
2428:(g)
2201:50
2198:40
2195:30
2192:20
2189:10
2154:),
2109:(SO
2081:(SO
2049:PbO
2043:or
2038:ZnO
1881:+ H
1738:oS8
1707:ice
1365:air
1283:lye
1098:REL
1085:PEL
1014:ALK
876:GHS
835:298
808:298
712:oS8
624:in
610:in
409:EPA
334:CID
121:Lye
78:, H
68:, O
32:Lye
9756::
9533:/
9047:70
9039:60
9035:60
9033:(C
8758:HC
7902:UO
7693:*
7529:W
7510:*
6929:Na
6923:68
6908:Na
6902:35
6898:18
6889:33
6885:17
6876:31
6872:15
6853:Na
6840:Na
6827:Na
6823:NO
6789:16
6774:Na
6764:10
6752:23
6748:12
6722:CO
6669:Na
6616:CH
6587:Na
6554:Na
6542:Na
6530:Na
6510:Na
6498:Na
6486:Na
6480:28
6476:10
6470:Na
6462:VO
6458:Na
6446:Na
6438:WO
6434:Na
6418:Na
6406:Na
6394:Na
6378:Na
6362:Na
6350:Na
6338:Na
6326:Na
6314:Na
6306:Na
6301:He
6297:Na
6285:Na
6279:10
6273:Cr
6269:Na
6257:Cr
6253:Na
6241:Na
6225:Na
6209:Na
6201:CO
6197:Na
6127:Na
6082:13
6072:Na
6056:Na
6040:Na
6002:Na
5949:Na
5890:Na
5878:Na
5866:Na
5846:Na
5830:Na
5824:10
5814:Na
5806:PO
5802:Na
5790:PS
5786:Na
5777:PO
5773:Na
5761:Na
5741:PO
5721:Na
5682:Na
5662:Na
5650:Na
5634:Na
5618:Na
5602:Na
5586:Na
5570:Na
5554:Na
5530:SO
5526:Na
5518:SO
5514:Na
5413:As
5409:Na
5400:Na
5375:Na
5359:Po
5355:Na
5345:Te
5341:Na
5331:Se
5327:Na
5313:Na
5291:Na
5282:Na
5079:.
5026:.
4992:.
4936:^
4911:.
4884:.
4781:.
4727:.
4701:.
4669:.
4625:.
4602:.
4582:.
4561:.
4507:^
4477:.
4453:.
4408:.
4326:}}
4322:{{
4310:.
4300:.
4292:.
4282:52
4280:.
4267:^
4217:}}
4213:{{
4197:.
4151:66
4149:.
4124:66
4122:.
4106:^
4090:78
4088:.
4069:^
4053:63
4051:.
4047:.
4017:^
3995:.
3970:.
3955:^
3939:.
3915:^
3874:73
3872:.
3850:^
3840:.
3836:.
3819:.
3801:.
3787:^
3766:}}
3762:{{
3746:.
3711:^
3687:^
3663:.
3647:^
3623:.
3607:^
3495:,
3417:,
3342:.
3183:,
3179:,
3148:.
3105:,
3101::
3056::
2987:.
2963:,
2869:.
2859:pH
2801:O
2782:Al
2778:Na
2763:Na
2761:,
2753:,
2744:Na
2742:,
2721:+
2537:.
2387:CO
2359:.
2347:,
2335:;
2331:;
2327:;
2323:;
2319:;
2292:.
2186:4
2129:SO
2105:Al
2097:SO
2077:Al
2054:.
2045:Na
2034:Na
1951:,
1943:,
1927:,
1877:SO
1851:SO
1769:,
1742:nm
1702:.
1503:Pa
1424:,
1420:,
1416:,
1321:.
1319:OH
1309:Na
1058:Lo
1056:LD
1036:50
1034:LD
956:,
952:,
934:,
930:,
880::
827:(Î
767:4
657:)
650:(p
9522:e
9515:t
9508:v
9237:5
9228:2
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