369:"wife" while he ran NKVD guerrilla operations during the Spanish Civil War. He remained married to his second wife. While in Spain, he managed to meet and seduce the aristocrat, Caridad Mercader del Rio, the mother of Ramon, Trotsky's assassin. Then in 1942, Eitingon impregnated Muza Malinovskaya, a champion Soviet parachutist while on a mission in Turkey (for eight months). It is not clear how he was able to afford this lifestyle (dating, courting, cafes, cabarets, wine, renting an apartment or house rather than living in the NKVD barracks). However, Sudoplatov praised Eitingon for spending all of his money on his wives and children.
473:
484:). Eitingon's sister Sofia was also arrested. As a doctor, she was considered to be the "link" to the plotting doctors who were allegedly planning to poison high-ranking Soviet leaders. The officers were all imprisoned in cold, dark cells and tortured. The tortures led many of them to falsely confess but Eitingon was steadfast in his denial. Sofia was sentenced to 10 years in prison.
372:
The illegal espionage network, which included Jews with ancestry in the
Russian Empire, established by Eitingon in the United States in the early 1930s helped Pavel Sudoplatov in the 1940s run a wide network of Soviet moles in the scientific community in the U.S. and beyond, to conduct scientific
368:
of
Eitingon, who in this period of his career had concurrent relationships with several women (including his wives) and used his female colleagues and subordinates as mistresses. For example, Eitingon took with him to Spain, Aleksandra Kochergina as his mistress who played the role of his third
220:
claimed that
Eitingon had fought in the Red Army since 1918, however, this claim is not substantiated by official records of the time. Following the Russian Revolution, he became a clerk at the commodities exchange. Following several promotions within the local labor bureaucracy, he joined the
495:
in Moscow for four years. In
November 1957 he was put on trial, in which he was accused (again) of conspiracy against the regime (but this time without any Zionist connotations). The court sentenced him to 12 years in prison, and his rank and all his medals were taken from him. After
424:
neutrality from 1941–42. In late 1942, he was appointed as deputy head of the 4th
Directorate of the NKVD, which was focused on sabotage and infiltration operations behind enemy lines. In this capacity as the deputy of Sudoplatov, he organized several successful operations, including
408:, Ramon Mercader's mother) in the assassination plot were waiting outside Trotsky's residence, in separate cars, to provide a getaway for Mercader. When Mercader failed to return (having been detained by Trotsky's bodyguards), they both left and fled the country.
249:. He also gained prominence at the time for his work against banditry in Belarus. Eitingon was temporarily ejected from the Cheka and investigated during a 1921 purge due to his bourgeois origins, however, he was quickly let back in. In 1924, he graduated from
31:
290:
388:
and had found refuge in Mexico. Stalin assigned the organisation and execution of a plan to assassinate
Trotsky to Eitingon. While in Spain during the Spanish Civil War, Eitingon was able to recruit a young Spaniard communist ideologue,
352:. Eitingon was reputedly responsible for a number of kidnappings and assassinations at the behest of the OGPU/NKVD in Western countries. However, Pavel Sudoplatov writes that Western accounts of Eitingon′s role in the abduction of
285:, organized and led an operation producing fake documents which persuaded the Japanese that 20 Russian agents who were working for them had secretly applied to have their Soviet citizenship restored. This ruse resulted in the
487:
After Stalin's death in March 1953, the head of Soviet intelligence and security services
Lavrentiy Beria issued an order to close the cases against the "Zionist plotters" and all were released, including Sofia.
480:
In
October 1951, Major-General of State Security Eitingon, along with three other high-ranking members of the government (all Russian Jewish), were accused of "a Zionist plot to seize power" (the
333:
operations against Japan (the U.S. itself was not deemed a high priority for intelligence operations by the Centre then). One of the agents recruited by
Eitingon in the U.S. was Japanese painter
208:, where Nahum studied at Mogilev Commercial School. Eitingon first became involved in labor during the German occupation of Mogilev, when he joined a cement worker's union and joined the
994:
456:
and other
Ukrainian nationalist movements. During this time, he played roles in the arrests and executions of suspected nationalist collaborators or sympathizers, including Bishop
436:
Eitingon was further said to have been instrumental in the NKVD "Max" network, the Jewish-led Abwehr spy ring whose allegiances continue to befuddle historians to the present day.
560:, Eitingon was known among his friends as Leonid Aleksandrovich; already in the 1920s, almost all Jewish Chekists took Russian names so as not to emphasize their national origin."
200:
family in Shklow, Belarus, then part of the Russian Empire. His father, Isaac Faivelovich Eitingon, was a paper mill clerk, and his grandfather was a lawyer. Shortly before the
974:
500:'s ouster from power in 1964, Eitingon was released from prison. After his release, he worked as an interpreter and editor at the International Book Organization in Moscow.
989:
393:, as executioner. Trotsky was living in Mexico at the time and, soon after Mercader worked his way into Trotsky's group of friends, Eitingon had also arrived in Mexico.
1004:
969:
416:
Eitingon continued his service in the NKVD during World War II. In 1941, he and Sudoplatov successfully negotiated the release of purged NKVD officers with
979:
293:, but due to his poor personal relations with Serebryansky, in April 1933 he was shifted to chief of section charged with coordinating the operation of "
237:
on May 10, 1920, having been recruited to a shortage of Chekists in the area. Along with other Chekists, he took part in numerous operations during the
984:
318:
511:
annulled the conviction and cleared his name. Eitingon had persistently sought his official rehabilitation, but this was granted only posthumously.
999:
491:
Beria was arrested in June 1953 and executed. Eitingon, considered a supporter of Beria, was arrested again and held in jail without trial at the
277:, using his linguistic skills to adopt several aliases. During this time, he was involved in several operations, including the assassination of
453:
944:
964:
396:
On 20 August 1940, Mercader attacked and fatally wounded Trotsky with an ice axe while the exiled Russian was in the study of his house in
433:, who would become famous as a spy in the US. Eitingon also used his extensive preexisting network in the US to conduct Atomic Espionage.
222:
914:
892:
850:
686:
429:. He also assisted in the organization of several partisan movements in Eastern Europe. Through this work, Eitingon was introduced to
270:
262:
289:
executing their anti-Soviet allies. In 1930, Eitingon was appointed deputy director of the Administration for Special Tasks under
841:
156:) (6 December 1899 – 3 May 1981), was a Soviet intelligence officer, who gained prominence through his involvement in several
874:
209:
659:
959:
448:), where he continued atomic espionage. In this role, Eitingon was also tasked with operations against the anti-communist
452:
in the Baltic states and other anti-Soviet movements in Eastern Europe. He was also tasked with the liquidation of the
939:
444:
After the victory of the USSR in World War II, Eitingon was made deputy head of the C Department of the NKVD (later
607:
341:
spy ring in that country. Eitingon was also tasked to assess the intelligence potential of Americans involved in
949:
298:
250:
134:
633:"KM.RU – новости, экономика, автомобили, наука и техника, кино, музыка, спорт, игры, анекдоты, курсы валют"
954:
508:
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and the transportation of the Spanish gold reserves to the USSR. At the end of the 1920s, Eitingon, a
934:
929:
426:
342:
269:. He also served at the special operations directorate of the OGPU from 1930–1932 and served under
58:
804:"Наум Исаакович Эйтингон, генерал-майор НКВД – Никита Петров – Наше все – Эхо Москвы, 06.09.2009"
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420:, as they were needed at the outset of the war. After this, he was involved in the assurance of
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265:. From 1927–1929 he served as Vice-Consul General at the Consulate of the USSR at
676:
241:, including the "liquidation" of a number of the more prosperous citizens of the
803:
430:
401:
397:
365:
541:
99:
General Leonid Aleksandrovich Kotov, Grozovsky, Leonov, Naumov, Comrade Pablo
30:
885:
Loyal Comrades, Ruthless Killers: The Secret Services of the USSR 1917–1991
330:
282:
115:
Muza Malinovskaya, Leonid Eitingon, Vladimir Eitingon, Svetlana Eitingon
611:
585:
242:
205:
866:
Special Tasks: The Memoirs of an Unwanted Witness – A Soviet Spymaster
313:. According to Pavel Sudoplatov, Eitingon was sent to the U.S. as an "
421:
266:
258:
254:
80:
54:
895:, pp. 74–85, 91, 99, 103, 115, 126–29, 133, 136, 145–46, 155–56
503:
Nahum Eitingon died in 1981 of natural causes. He is buried in the
286:
246:
234:
84:
678:
Near and Distant Neighbors: A New History of Soviet Intelligence
361:
302:
157:
88:
384:, the Soviet revolutionary, had been banished from the USSR by
317:" in the beginning of the 1930s, prior to the establishment of
184:
and later a victim thereof. He may have been a great-cousin of
445:
213:
712:
710:
552:(in Russian) – "As his immediate superior for many years,
364:, are false. Sudoplatov also notes the unabashed sexual
337:, who in 1933 returned to Japan and became a member of
253:, after which served at several diplomatic postings in
632:
608:"ЮНОСТЬ ТЕРМИНАТОРА (Продолжение) – Экспресс Новости"
544:, Ekho Moskvy (Moscow Echo) 06.09.2009: Interview of
348:
He was active in Spain in the late 1930s, during the
139:
571:"Cherchez la femme und der sowjetische Geheimdienst"
329:with a view to possible using them in military and
111:
103:
95:
69:
40:
21:
164:, the orchestration of partisan movements during
995:Recipients of the Order of Suvorov, 2nd class
660:A Twentieth-Century Story by Mary-Kay Wilmers
216:General and friend and colleague of Eitingon
176:as one of the organisers and managers of the
8:
975:Prisoners and detainees of the Soviet Union
542:Наум Исаакович Эйтингон, генерал-майор НКВД
400:(then a village on the southern fringes of
160:operations, including the assassination of
776:
764:
740:
728:
716:
701:
29:
18:
990:Recipients of the Order of the Red Banner
842:Like Father, Like Son: A Dynasty of Spies
360:in Paris in September 1937, organised by
107:Anna Shulman, Muza Vihireva, Olga Naumova
654:
652:
471:
1005:Recipients of the Order of the Red Star
586:"ЮНОСТЬ ТЕРМИНАТОРА – Экспресс Новости"
531:
404:). Eitingon and another collaborator (
16:Soviet intelligence officer (1899–1981)
970:Soviet people of the Spanish Civil War
883:Katamidze, Vyacheslav 'Slava' (2003).
869:. Boston, MA: Little, Brown & Co.
752:
537:
535:
7:
319:Soviet Union–United States relations
980:Inmates of Vladimir Central Prison
467:
14:
188:, though this has been disputed.
985:Recipients of the Order of Lenin
1000:Frunze Military Academy alumni
210:Left Socialist-Revolutionaries
146:Leonid Aleksandrovich Eitingon
1:
887:, Lewis International, Inc.,
845:. London: St. Ermin's Press.
321:in November 1933, to recruit
154:Леонид Александрович Эйтингон
945:Jews from the Russian Empire
610:(in Russian). Archived from
468:Doctors' Plot and later life
965:Soviet Jews in the military
301:(Foreign Department of the
172:. He has been described by
140:
1021:
905:Wilmers, Mary-Kay (2009).
790:New York Times Book Review
476:Eitingon's grave in Moscow
309:and later (from May 1935)
261:under the auspices of the
681:. Macmillan. p. 53.
196:Eitingon was born into a
153:
129:
122:Nahum Isaakovich Eitingon
28:
675:Jonathan Haslam (2015).
556:, recalled that, in the
554:General Pavel Sudoplatov
377:Assassination of Trotsky
141:Naum Isaakovich Eytingon
792:, July 25, 2010, p. 22.
251:Frunze Military Academy
130:Наум Исаакович Эйтингон
477:
509:Russian Supreme Court
475:
960:Soviet Army officers
779:, pp. 185, 194.
573:. 13 September 2012.
233:Eitingon joined the
204:his family moved to
527:Notes and citations
427:Operation Scherhorn
229:Intelligence career
59:Mogilev Governorate
940:People from Shklow
665:, 6 December 2009.
606:Крапивин, Сергей.
584:Крапивин, Сергей.
478:
291:Yakov Serebryansky
212:. In his memoirs,
202:Russian Revolution
909:, London: Faber,
861:Sudoplatov, Pavel
505:Donskoye Cemetery
498:Nikita Khrushchev
462:Alexander Shumsky
350:Spanish Civil War
327:Chinese emigrants
275:Spanish Civil War
239:Russian Civil War
198:Lithuanian Jewish
144:), also known as
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550:Yevgeny Kiselyov
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521:Pavel Sudoplatov
412:Second World War
406:Caridad Mercader
218:Pavel Sudoplatov
174:Yevgeny Kiselyov
170:atomic espionage
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96:Other names
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35:Eitingon in 1957
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450:Forest Brothers
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418:Lavrentiy Beria
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339:Richard Sorge's
271:Alexander Orlov
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178:state terrorism
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51:6 December 1899
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507:. In 1992 the
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358:Yevgeny Miller
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812:. Retrieved
810:(in Russian)
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736:
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663:The Guardian
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640:. Retrieved
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616:. Retrieved
612:the original
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590:. Retrieved
588:(in Russian)
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382:Leon Trotsky
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345:activities.
279:Zhang Zoulin
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186:Max Eitingon
166:World War II
162:Leon Trotsky
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121:
120:
75:(1981-05-03)
935:1981 deaths
930:1899 births
837:Arthey, Vin
753:Arthey 2004
431:Rudolf Abel
402:Mexico City
373:espionage.
366:promiscuity
273:during the
924:Categories
876:0316773522
825:References
814:2021-05-17
808:Эхо Москвы
642:2021-05-17
618:2021-05-17
592:2021-05-17
243:Belarusian
192:Early life
104:Partner(s)
73:3 May 1981
47:1899-12-06
637:www.km.ru
343:Communist
297:" in the
225:in 1919.
135:romanized
863:(1994).
839:(2004).
558:Lubyanka
515:See also
398:Coyoacán
331:sabotage
323:Japanese
305:) under
295:illegals
287:Japanese
283:polyglot
245:town of
112:Children
422:Turkish
315:illegal
206:Mogilev
150:Russian
137::
126:Russian
913:
891:
873:
849:
685:
267:Harbin
259:Turkey
168:, and
81:Moscow
55:Shklow
830:Books
255:China
247:Gomel
235:Cheka
85:RSFSR
911:ISBN
889:ISBN
871:ISBN
847:ISBN
683:ISBN
460:and
362:NKVD
356:Gen
325:and
303:OGPU
263:OGPU
257:and
223:CPSU
158:NKVD
89:USSR
70:Died
41:Born
548:by
454:OUN
446:KGB
299:INO
214:KGB
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709:^
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534:^
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