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174:, an eel fisherman reportedly spotted unusually active catfish in a river, which he took as a predictor of an earthquake. Later that night, the earthquake struck. The anecdote, recorded in an 1856 chronicle of journalistic reporting on the earthquake, is the earliest known claim that catfish can naturally predict earthquakes. In the 1930s, Japanese seismologists Shinkishi Hatai and Noboru Abe demonstrated that catfish in aquaria showed increased agitation several hours before earthquakes occurred, and were able to predict quakes with 80% accuracy.
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276:(god of "world rectification"), that is to say, a sort of an "avenger of social injustice" which expressed the public's political sentiment at the time. The rich had hoarded their wealth but these were largely disgorged due to the earthquake, and redistributed to the world at large: such is the symbolism of the large gold coins (
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Widespread connections between catfish and earthquakes in Japan were not present until the late 17th century, and only rose to popularity as symbolically causing or predicting earthquakes during the 19th century. Prior to the
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282:, etc.) scattered by the earthquake depicted in the pictures. A large amount of money went into the rebuilding effort, and the job opportunities resulted in a
161:, perhaps "foundation stone" but maybe more aptly "cap stone"). When the Kashima-god lets his guard fall, Namazu thrashes about, causing violent earthquakes.
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485:, the character Zoonama appears as a giant catfish that wiggles his whiskers when detecting earthquakes, and repeats the word "Namazu" in his speech.
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Ebisu falls asleep guarding the stone for Kajima, who returns belated on horseback. Kaminari creating thunder from the posterior.
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encompass a large variety of scenes, typically depicting the god subduing the earthquake-causing catfish under a sword or the
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utilizes pictures of the catfish on devices capable of issuing an early warning. The popular earthquake early warning
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The myth of Namazu and a scroll of namazu-e is referenced throughout the 2022 Japanese animated fantasy film of
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Catfish are depicted on pictures of emergency earthquake preparedness activities in Japan. For example, the
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Takemikazuchi pins down a catfish (namazu) with a spirit stone (kaname-ishi) to prevent earthquakes 1855.
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from the period after the Great Ansei
Earthquake struck the city of Edo (now Tokyo) in November 1855.
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1010:"Warding off Calamity in Japan: A Comparison of the 1855 Catfish Prints and the 1862 Measles Prints"
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711:"Conduits of Power: What the Origins of Japan's Earthquake Catfish Reveal about Religious Geography"
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anime featuring
Whiscash was scheduled to air on November 4, 2004, but was skipped over after the
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Even though the Namazu was held responsible for the disaster, it was also ironically hailed as a
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Namazu-e and Their Themes: An
Interpretative Approach to Some Aspects of Japanese Folk Religion
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The myth of Namazu is briefly mentioned by the character
Kenjaku in Chapter 133 of the manga
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This earthquake-causing creature became associated with the deity and "foundation stone" in
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Seismic Japan : the long history and continuing legacy of the Ansei Edo earthquake
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A giant catfish mimicking Namazu's habits appears as a boss figure in the video game
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Namazu is also the name of a song on Danish singer Oh Land's first studio album
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stone. The creature is sometimes referred to as just the "earthquake fish" (
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The creature lives under the islands of Japan and is guarded by the god
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974:"Shaking up Japan: Edo Society and the 1855 Catfish Picture Prints"
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with earthquake seems to have first occurred in the area around
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The Namazu are a Tribal race that resembles bipedal catfish in
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enshrined at
Kashima restrains the catfish underneath a stone (
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One picture is printed with a jingle with the refrain "
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Stan Sakai previews new Usagi
Yojimbo, TMNT crossover
389:, which features a large catfish on the album cover.
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616:Rabitz, Albrecht; Rabitz, Gisela (2010). “When the
448:Namazu appears in a crossover comic book featuring
235:were a known item in the 19th century, and these
547:Earthquake Early Warning FM Radio containing an
30:"Namazu-e" redirects here. For the Pokemon, see
113:The legend or myth in Japan is that a gigantic
228:
74:
59:
1697:
1070:
239:were printed in great quantity following the
8:
1017:East Asian Science, Technology, and Medicine
407:, a catfish gives Link the Quake Medallion.
334:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
1704:
1690:
1682:
1077:
1063:
1055:
439:The Namazu was featured in the episode of
803:
750:. Honolulu: University of Hawaiʻi Press.
354:Learn how and when to remove this message
893:
869:
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693:
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612:
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40:
606:
562:
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404:The Legend of Zelda: A Link to the Past
551:Namazu logo (lower right of top photo)
909:
881:
842:
838:
826:
669:
657:
7:
780:"Sensitivity of Fish to Earthquakes"
704:
702:
332:adding citations to reliable sources
45:An image of humans battling a Namazu
1044:Namazu-e: Earthquake catfish prints
25:
382:also has a catfish as their icon.
290:yo-naoshi, yo-naoshi, tate-naoshi
1158:
1153:
924:ポケットモンスター アドバンスジェネレーション テレビ東京系 木
540:
528:
516:
304:
198:
186:
243:(modern day Tokyo), one of the
128:, around the 16th century. The
1050:Namazu on GodsandMonsters.info
572:are regarded as precursors to
1:
473:Final Fantasy XIV: Stormblood
145:. According to myth, the god
3897:Japanese legendary creatures
790:(3343): 817. November 1933.
464:Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles
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392:In the Japanese version of
373:Japan Meteorological Agency
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29:
27:Japanese mythical creature
1646:
1029:10.1163/26669323-03001003
981:Journal of Social History
229:
150:
132:had been depicted in the
75:
60:
585:And even referred to as
445:, "Cold-Blooded Horror".
369:Earthquake Early Warning
284:redistribution of wealth
241:1855 earthquake near Edo
1366:Ashihara no Nakatsukuni
1008:—— (2009).
744:Smits, Gregory (2014).
709:Smits, Gregory (2012).
434:2004 Chūetsu earthquake
245:Ansei great earthquakes
120:The association of the
86:is a giant underground
3433:Yashima no Hage-tanuki
1459:Major Buddhist figures
1359:Mythological locations
1169:Japanese creation myth
936:Entertainment Weekly:
46:
3912:Mythological monsters
1967:Konjaku Monogatarishū
1135:Konjaku Monogatarishū
993:10.1353/jsh.2006.0057
205:Kashima controls the
44:
36:Fauna (Oh Land album)
1999:in Japanese Folklore
1997:Legendary Creatures
1415:Mythological weapons
328:improve this section
34:. For the song, see
1985:Uji Shūi Monogatari
1884:Taketori Monogatari
1540:Legendary creatures
1427:Kusanagi no Tsurugi
1319:Konohanasakuya-hime
898:yo-naoshi daimyōjin
896:, pp. 14–16. "
796:1933Natur.132R.817.
233:, "catfish prints")
172:1855 Edo earthquake
1671:Glossary of Shinto
1666:Japanese religions
1432:Totsuka-no-Tsurugi
1187:Ame-no-Minakanushi
1086:Japanese mythology
956:Ouwehand, Cornells
620:Shakes its Body”,
535:Namazu the savior.
377:mobile application
371:(EEW) logo by the
274:yonaoshi daimyōjin
51:Japanese mythology
47:
3879:
3878:
3406:Danzaburou-danuki
1911:Tsuru no Ongaeshi
1875:Shita-kiri Suzume
1731:Awa Tanuki Gassen
1713:Japanese folklore
1679:
1678:
1604:Ryukyuan religion
757:978-0-8248-3910-9
696:, pp. 67–72.
660:, pp. 10–11.
557:Explanatory notes
364:
363:
356:
16:(Redirected from
3929:
3922:Earthquake myths
3917:Fish in religion
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2165:
2156:
2147:
2138:
2129:
2120:
2111:
2102:
2093:
2084:
2075:
2066:
2057:
2048:
2039:
2030:
2021:
2012:
1988:
1979:
1970:
1950:
1941:
1938:Yamata no Orochi
1932:
1923:
1914:
1905:
1896:
1887:
1878:
1869:
1866:Saru Kani Gassen
1860:
1851:
1842:
1833:
1824:
1815:
1806:
1797:
1794:Kachi-kachi Yama
1788:
1779:
1770:
1761:
1752:
1743:
1734:
1706:
1699:
1692:
1683:
1656:Japanese deities
1636:Hasinaw-uk-kamuy
1487:Seven Lucky Gods
1450:
1270:Yamata no Orochi
1162:
1157:
1079:
1072:
1065:
1056:
1032:
1014:
1004:
987:(4): 1045–1078.
978:
965:
964:. Leiden: Brill.
942:
933:
927:
919:
913:
907:
901:
891:
885:
879:
873:
867:
858:
852:
846:
845:, pp. 10–11
841:, p. 1055;
836:
830:
824:
818:
817:
807:
805:10.1038/132817b0
776:
770:
769:
741:
735:
734:
706:
697:
691:
685:
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673:
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627:
614:
590:
583:
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532:
520:
359:
352:
348:
345:
339:
308:
300:
255:woodblock-prints
234:
232:
231:
202:
190:
154:
143:Kashima, Ibaraki
85:
83:
82:
67:
65:
64:
21:
3937:
3936:
3932:
3931:
3930:
3928:
3927:
3926:
3882:
3881:
3880:
3875:
3839:
3833:Zashiki-warashi
3347:
3091:Rashōmon no oni
2437:Hitotsume-nyūdō
2405:
2263:
1998:
1991:
1953:
1821:Kobutori Jiisan
1767:Hanasaka Jiisan
1740:Bunbuku Chagama
1715:
1710:
1680:
1675:
1642:
1587:
1534:
1481:
1477:Five Tathagatas
1453:
1444:
1442:Futsu-no-mitama
1410:
1354:
1350:Kesshi Hachidai
1328:
1294:
1255:
1221:
1163:
1149:
1088:
1083:
1040:
1035:
1012:
1007:
976:
972:(Summer 2006).
968:
954:
945:
941:(April 1, 2017)
934:
930:
920:
916:
912:, p. 1055.
908:
904:
894:Ouwehand (1964)
892:
888:
884:, p. 1046.
880:
876:
870:Ouwehand (1964)
868:
861:
855:Ouwehand (1964)
853:
849:
837:
833:
825:
821:
778:
777:
773:
758:
743:
742:
738:
708:
707:
700:
694:Ouwehand (1964)
692:
688:
682:Ouwehand (1964)
680:
676:
668:
664:
656:
647:
641:Ouwehand (1964)
639:
630:
626:(88), pp. 5–27.
615:
608:
599:
594:
593:
587:norakura namazu
584:
580:
568:
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559:
552:
545:
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533:
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360:
349:
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167:
111:
72:
57:
39:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3935:
3933:
3925:
3924:
3919:
3914:
3909:
3904:
3902:Legendary fish
3899:
3894:
3892:Ukiyo-e genres
3884:
3883:
3877:
3876:
3874:
3873:
3868:
3866:Shigeru Mizuki
3863:
3861:Lafcadio Hearn
3858:
3853:
3851:Kunio Yanagita
3847:
3845:
3841:
3840:
3838:
3837:
3828:
3819:
3815:Yume no seirei
3810:
3801:
3792:
3783:
3774:
3765:
3756:
3747:
3738:
3729:
3720:
3711:
3702:
3693:
3684:
3675:
3666:
3657:
3648:
3639:
3635:Tsurube-otoshi
3630:
3621:
3612:
3611:
3610:
3601:
3592:
3588:Koto-furunushi
3583:
3574:
3565:
3556:
3547:
3538:
3529:
3511:
3502:
3493:
3484:
3475:
3466:
3457:
3448:
3439:
3438:
3437:
3428:
3419:
3410:
3401:
3397:Tanuki-bayashi
3383:
3374:
3365:
3356:
3340:
3331:
3322:
3313:
3304:
3295:
3286:
3277:
3268:
3259:
3250:
3241:
3232:
3223:
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3205:
3196:
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3014:
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2996:
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2897:
2888:
2879:
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2861:
2852:
2843:
2834:
2833:
2832:
2814:
2805:
2796:
2787:
2778:
2769:
2760:
2751:
2747:Kuchisake-onna
2742:
2733:
2724:
2715:
2706:
2697:
2688:
2679:
2678:
2677:
2659:
2650:
2641:
2632:
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2605:
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2540:
2531:
2522:
2513:
2504:
2495:
2486:
2477:
2468:
2459:
2450:
2441:
2432:
2428:Hitotsume-kozō
2423:
2414:
2398:
2389:
2380:
2371:
2362:
2353:
2344:
2335:
2326:
2322:Futakuchi-onna
2317:
2308:
2299:
2290:
2281:
2272:
2256:
2247:
2238:
2229:
2220:
2211:
2202:
2193:
2184:
2175:
2171:Ashinagatenaga
2166:
2157:
2148:
2139:
2130:
2121:
2112:
2103:
2094:
2085:
2076:
2067:
2058:
2049:
2040:
2031:
2022:
2013:
2003:
2001:
1993:
1992:
1990:
1989:
1980:
1971:
1961:
1959:
1955:
1954:
1952:
1951:
1947:Yotsuya Kaidan
1942:
1933:
1924:
1915:
1906:
1897:
1888:
1879:
1870:
1861:
1852:
1848:Nezumi no Sumō
1843:
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1709:
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1694:
1686:
1677:
1676:
1674:
1673:
1668:
1663:
1661:Sacred objects
1658:
1653:
1651:Shinto deities
1647:
1644:
1643:
1641:
1640:
1639:
1638:
1633:
1628:
1621:Ainu mythology
1618:
1617:
1616:
1614:Tenson dynasty
1611:
1601:
1595:
1593:
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1437:Ame-no-ohabari
1434:
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1409:
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1401:Tokoyo no kuni
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1376:Onogoro Island
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1177:Kotoamatsukami
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1125:Hotsuma Tsutae
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1038:External links
1036:
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970:Smits, Gregory
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497:Makoto Shinkai
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490:Jujutsu Kaisen
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482:Dragon Ball GT
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442:River Monsters
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395:Secret of Mana
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3561:Chōchin'obake
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3543:Biwa-bokuboku
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3415:Inugami Gyōbu
3411:
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3329:
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3305:
3302:
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3296:
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3257:
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2819:Mikoshi-nyūdō
2815:
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2243:Daidarabotchi
2239:
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2209:
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2108:Amazake-babaa
2104:
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2020:
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2018:Abura-sumashi
2014:
2011:
2010:
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2002:
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1994:
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1920:Urashima Tarō
1916:
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1893:Tamamo-no-Mae
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872:, p. 16.
871:
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832:
829:, p. 10.
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717:(24): 41–65.
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684:, p. 46.
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455:Usagi Yojimbo
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380:Yurekuru Call
378:
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313:This section
311:
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147:Takemikazuchi
144:
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101:enshrined at
100:
99:Takemikazuchi
95:
93:
89:
81:
78:
71:
63:
56:
52:
43:
37:
33:
19:
3617:Tsurara-onna
3120:Onihitokuchi
3073:Kijo/Onibaba
3064:Ibaraki-dōji
2756:Kuda-gitsune
2419:Hito-gitsune
1776:Hyakki Yagyō
1467:Amida Nyorai
1396:Takamagahara
1371:Ama-no-Iwato
1309:Tenson kōrin
1290:Takeminakata
1251:Ame-no-Uzume
1227:Takamagahara
1196:Kamiyonanayo
1130:Nihon Ryōiki
1093:Mythic texts
1020:
1016:
984:
980:
960:
948:Bibliography
937:
931:
923:
917:
910:Smits (2006)
905:
897:
889:
882:Smits (2006)
877:
857:, p. 4.
850:
843:Smits (2009)
839:Smits (2006)
834:
827:Smits (2009)
822:
787:
783:
774:
746:
739:
715:Japan Review
714:
689:
677:
670:Smits (2006)
665:
658:Smits (2009)
643:, p. 6.
621:
617:
586:
581:
573:
569:
565:
500:
480:
479:In S1:E7 of
471:
463:
453:
440:
427:
411:
402:
393:
386:
350:
344:October 2021
341:
326:Please help
314:
289:
277:
273:
271:
263:jishin-no-uo
262:
258:
251:
249:
222:
221:
220:
206:
168:
156:
140:
133:
129:
121:
119:
114:
112:
96:
69:
54:
48:
3907:Shinto kami
3871:Inoue Enryō
3844:Folklorists
3570:Ittan-momen
3552:Boroboroton
3525:Abumi-guchi
3516:Tsukumogami
3348: [
3165:Osakabehime
3100:Shuten-dōji
3010:Oboroguruma
2857:Mokumokuren
2828:Miage-nyūdō
2711:Konaki-jiji
2491:Ishinagenjo
2406: [
2340:Gashadokuro
2264: [
2198:Bake-kujira
2117:Amefurikozō
2009:Abura-akago
1976:Otogi-zōshi
1902:Tawara Tōda
1785:Issun-bōshi
1749:Hachikazuki
1500:Bishamonten
1445: [
1422:Amenonuhoko
1391:Sanzu River
1345:Tagishimimi
1285:Kuni-yuzuri
1105:Nihon Shoki
165:Explanation
158:kaname-ishi
92:earthquakes
90:who causes
3886:Categories
3856:Keigo Seki
3579:Kasa-obake
3507:Tsuchinoko
3498:Tsuchigumo
3370:Sunekosuri
3345:Shussebora
3264:Shidaidaka
3255:Shachihoko
3210:Rokurokubi
3156:Ootakemaru
2992:Nyūdō-bōzu
2965:Nurarihyon
2938:Noppera-bō
2810:Mikaribaba
2729:Koromodako
2601:Kasa-obake
2574:Kamaitachi
2394:Hiderigami
2358:Hanako-san
2234:Chimimōryō
2162:Aosaginohi
1929:Uriko-hime
1631:Kamuy-huci
1515:Fukurokuju
1505:Daikokuten
1381:Ne-no-kuni
1280:Ōkuninushi
1181:Hitorigami
1145:Butsuzōzui
597:References
450:Stan Sakai
296:Modern use
269:-serpent.
259:kanameishi
237:broadsides
3806:Yuki-onna
3734:Yamajijii
3626:Tsurubebi
3489:Tōfu-kozō
3291:Shinigami
3273:Shikigami
3246:Sazae-oni
2974:Nure-onna
2720:Korpokkur
2684:Kitsunebi
2446:Hone-onna
2376:Hashihime
2367:Harionago
2295:Funayūrei
2225:Binbōgami
2189:Azukiarai
2099:Amanozako
2090:Amanojaku
2027:Aka Manto
1803:Kasa Jizō
1721:Folktales
1599:Shinigami
1530:Kisshōten
1495:Benzaiten
1333:Human age
1302:mythology
1263:mythology
1246:Tsukuyomi
1236:Amaterasu
1229:mythology
1140:Shintōshū
1120:Kogo Shūi
922:Newtype:
814:0028-0836
766:869303977
723:0915-0986
602:Citations
315:does not
126:Lake Biwa
3797:Yosuzume
3752:Yamawaro
3743:Yama-uba
3725:Yamabiko
3680:Ushi-oni
3671:Umi zatō
3606:Ungaikyō
3597:Menreiki
3534:Bakezōri
3379:Takaonna
3300:Shiranui
3219:Samebito
3183:Otoroshi
3082:Kidōmaru
2983:Nurikabe
2956:Nuppeppō
2929:Noderabō
2902:Namahage
2875:Mononoke
2783:Kuzunoha
2738:Kotobuki
2673:Hakuzōsu
2637:Kijimuna
2628:Keukegen
2583:Kamikiri
2563:Nekomata
2554:Bakeneko
2527:Jorōgumo
2518:Jinmenju
2509:Janjanbi
2403:Hinezumi
2304:Furaribi
2261:Dorotabō
2252:Dodomeki
2180:Ayakashi
2045:Akashita
1857:Oto-hime
1839:Momotarō
1830:Kurozuka
1758:Hakuzōsu
1609:Amamikyu
1386:Ryūgū-jō
1023:: 9–31.
1001:53392354
958:(1964).
731:41592687
424:Whiscash
413:Lufia II
252:namazu-e
223:Namazu-e
217:Namazu-e
18:Namazu-e
3707:Wanyūdō
3662:Umibōzu
3644:Ubagabi
3336:Shōkera
3309:Shirime
3282:Shikome
3129:Onikuma
3046:Ōmukade
2848:Mizuchi
2702:Komainu
2664:Kitsune
2619:Kawauso
2536:Jubokko
2500:Isonade
2482:Inugami
2455:Hyōsube
2385:Hibagon
2153:Aonyōbō
2135:Amikiri
2126:Ameonna
2081:Aoandon
2054:Akateko
2036:Akaname
1812:Kintarō
1568:Shinshi
1558:Kitsune
1525:Jurōjin
1241:Susanoo
1217:Izanagi
1212:Izanami
1207:Kamiumi
1202:Kuniumi
792:Bibcode
574:ukiyo-e
510:Gallery
429:Pokémon
421:Pokémon
336:removed
321:sources
178:History
103:Kashima
88:catfish
70:Ōnamazu
32:Namazun
3770:Yobuko
3761:Yanari
3471:Tenome
3462:Tennin
3388:Tanuki
3361:Sōjōbō
3318:Shiryō
3237:Satori
3228:Sankai
3147:Ōnyūdō
2920:Ningyo
2911:Namazu
2893:Mujina
2866:Momiji
2839:Misaki
2801:Mazoku
2774:Kumiho
2693:Kodama
2646:Kinoko
2545:Kaibyō
2473:Ikuchi
2464:Ikiryō
2331:Gagoze
2286:Enenra
2277:Dragon
2144:Aobōzu
2072:Amabie
1548:Dragon
1472:Daruma
1314:Ninigi
1192:Kamiyo
1115:Kujiki
1110:Fudoki
1100:Kojiki
999:
812:
784:Nature
764:
754:
729:
721:
672:, n13.
618:Namazu
570:Ōtsu-e
502:Suzume
267:dragon
250:These
207:namazu
135:Ōtsu-e
130:namazu
122:namazu
115:namazu
55:Namazu
53:, the
3824:Yūrei
3788:Yōsei
3779:Yōkai
3698:Waira
3653:Ubume
3480:Tesso
3453:Tengu
3352:]
3327:Shōjō
3201:Raijū
3174:Osaki
3138:Onryō
3111:Onibi
3037:Okubi
3028:Okiku
3001:Obake
2884:Mōryō
2792:Kyubi
2765:Kudan
2655:Kirin
2610:Kasha
2592:Kappa
2410:]
2349:Goryō
2268:]
2216:Basan
2063:Akuma
1958:Texts
1626:Kamuy
1592:Other
1583:Yūrei
1578:Yōkai
1573:Tengu
1553:Kappa
1520:Hotei
1510:Ebisu
1449:]
1300:Hyūga
1261:Izumo
1013:(PDF)
997:S2CID
977:(PDF)
727:JSTOR
623:Andon
460:IDW's
387:Fauna
279:koban
3716:Yako
3689:Uwan
3192:Ouni
3019:Oiwa
2313:Fūri
2207:Baku
1406:Yomi
810:ISSN
762:OCLC
752:ISBN
719:ISSN
458:and
419:The
319:any
317:cite
109:Myth
3444:Ten
3055:Oni
2947:Nue
1563:Oni
1025:doi
989:doi
800:doi
788:132
549:EEW
452:'s
401:In
330:by
68:or
49:In
3888::
3350:ja
2408:ja
2266:ja
1447:ja
1021:30
1019:.
1015:.
995:.
985:39
983:.
979:.
862:^
808:.
798:.
786:.
782:.
760:.
725:.
713:.
701:^
648:^
631:^
609:^
499:,
247:.
230:鯰絵
155:,
152:要石
94:.
1705:e
1698:t
1691:v
1198:)
1194:(
1183:)
1179:(
1078:e
1071:t
1064:v
1031:.
1027::
1003:.
991::
900:.
816:.
802::
794::
768:.
733:.
576:.
505:.
492:.
476:.
467:.
436:.
416:.
357:)
351:(
346:)
342:(
338:.
324:.
286:.
227:(
209:.
84:)
80:鯰
77:大
73:(
66:)
62:鯰
58:(
38:.
20:)
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