240:
435:
175:, until Polish geographer Jan of Stobnica expanded the meaning of the term to mean all the Rus' lands under the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. In some languages the country is often still referred to by a literal translation of "White Russia", including
339:
forms. The use of
Byelorussian SSR and any abbreviations thereof were allowed from 1991 to 1993. Conservative forces in the newly independent Belarus did not support the name change and opposed its inclusion in the 1991 draft of the
50:'s dictionary suggests that the name may have come from the white clothing worn by the local Slavic population. Modern researchers find this dubious. Another theory suggests that the old Rus' lands that were not conquered by the
399:
because of the supposed connection with Russia. Some nationalists object to the name for the same reason. Several local newspapers kept the old name of the country in
Russian in their names, for example
713:
335:
spelled in
Russian), and that its abridged form should be "Belarus". The law decreed that all the forms of the new term should be transliterated into other languages from their
372:
376:
471:) is still common, which is in connection to the term "Belorussia". In Lithuanian, besides the name “Baltarusija” (White Russia), Belarus is also being called “Gudija”.
1404:
287:. This asserted that the territories are all Russian and all the peoples are also Russian; in the case of the Belarusians, they were variants of the Russian people.
766:
1450:
410:, which is the localized publication of a popular Russian newspaper. Also, those who wish for Belarus to be annexed by Russia continue to use
1288:
917:
878:
851:
687:
576:
1193:
294:
in 1917, the term "White Russia" caused some confusion, as the name of the military force that opposed the red
Bolsheviks was called "
1414:
1393:
1372:
1351:
1330:
1309:
1267:
812:
638:
499:
443:). In Russia, the usage of “Belorussia” still is very common. On 16 March 2018, the Embassy of Belarus in Beijing requested to use
1383:
1820:
1576:
841:
1506:
321:(its names in other languages such as English being based on the Russian form) was only used officially until 1991, when the
1299:
1130:
1341:
139:
668:
1825:
1069:
1320:
868:
739:
489:
1713:
1526:
1443:
1362:
1278:
654:
1774:
1551:
1420:
907:
322:
244:
143:
1246:
1151:
1018:
870:
Handbook of
Language and Ethnic Identity: The Success-Failure Continuum in Language and Ethnic Identity Efforts
1257:
167:(defining it as "free, great, enlightened," and Christianised), but later the name shifted to the Duchies of
1789:
1741:
1638:
1633:
1222:
341:
172:
168:
232:, who was known for his close contacts with the Russian Royal Court. During the 17th century, the Russian
1746:
1598:
1436:
1751:
404:
291:
488:
Olson, James Stuart; Pappas, Lee
Brigance; Pappas, Nicholas Charles; Pappas, Nicholas C. J. (1994).
1698:
336:
146:
1668:
1628:
1608:
1588:
1491:
1064:
1109:
150:
1779:
1603:
1410:
1389:
1368:
1347:
1326:
1305:
1284:
1263:
913:
874:
847:
808:
634:
572:
495:
1799:
1784:
1769:
1731:
1683:
1678:
1653:
1511:
1059:
714:"Nederland erkent president Loekasjenko niet, maar EU treft nog geen sancties tegen Belarus"
456:
215:
72:
1428:
1201:
302:
was embraced as part of a national consciousness. In western
Belarus under Polish control,
239:
1708:
1658:
1618:
1571:
1566:
1556:
1541:
1536:
1531:
1516:
1501:
1496:
1486:
1481:
1476:
1471:
325:
of the
Byelorussian SSR decreed by law that the new independent republic should be called
192:
1794:
1736:
1703:
1693:
1673:
1663:
1648:
1643:
1623:
1593:
1561:
1546:
1521:
1172:
295:
284:
264:
176:
67:
40:
936:
163:" in 1381. Before the Mongol invasions, the name White Rus' was used for the Duchy of
1814:
1688:
1613:
1583:
280:
229:
164:
548:
805:
The chronicle of the White Russia: an essay on the history of one geographical name
276:
211:
307:
371:, since independence and til 1995, when neo-soviet regime of Lukashenko restored
207:
may be observed in some countries, such as the
Netherlands, Germany and Denmark.
17:
1091:
388:
47:
843:
Where Nation-States Come From: Institutional Change in the Age of
Nationalism
259:, the latter part similar but spelled and stressed differently from Росси́я,
937:"Law of the Republic of Belarus – About the name of the Republic of Belarus"
592:
267:, and the Russian Tsar was usually styled "the Tsar of All the Russias", as
180:
94:
87:
86:, which are not mutually exclusive. It is either derived more directly from
982:
1259:
Miniature Empires: A Historical Dictionary of the Newly Independent States
109:
236:
used "White Rus" to describe the lands of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania.
939:(in Russian). Pravo – Law of the Republic of Belarus. 19 September 1991
298:" or "the Whites". During the period of the Byelorussian SSR, the term
154:
101:
54:(i.e., Polotsk, Vitebsk and Mogilev) had been referred to as "White Rus
414:. Officially, the full name of the country is "Republic of Belarus" (
380:
311:
51:
909:
Understanding Belarus and How Western Foreign Policy Misses the Mark
228:
to refer to Belarus was in the late-16th century by Englishman Sir
688:"Keus tussen 'Belarus' en 'Wit-Rusland' is niet alleen taalkundig"
238:
1361:
Vauchez, André; Dobson, Richard Barrie; Lapidge, Michael (2001).
631:
Polish-Belarusian Relations: Between a Common Past and the Future
221:
Approbo Societatem Jesu in Alba Russia degentem, approbo, approbo
1112:(in Simplified Chinese). Embassy of Belarus in China. 2018-03-16
233:
1432:
1133:. Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the People's Republic of China
491:
An Ethnohistorical Dictionary of the Russian and Soviet Empires
553:. Robarts - University of Toronto. Lund, Gleerup. p. 658.
1019:"Swedish government urged to change Belarus's official name"
38:, as it was called earlier) can be literally translated as
571:. The Routledge worlds. London: Routledge. pp. 4–10.
1343:
Eastern Europe and the Commonwealth of Independent States
912:. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Inc. p. 41.
78:("Sweden"). There are two theories behind the origin of
1154:. Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of China
1092:""Беларусь" vs "Белоруссия": ставим точку в вопросе"
983:""Як нас заве сьвет — «Беларашэн» ці Belarus(i)an?""
616:
367:, which sounds like population's historical name of
1760:
1722:
1464:
1248:
The Jesuits: their foundation and history, Volume 1
1223:"Lithuania Refuses to Call Belarus as "Belarusia""
513:
511:
153:mention the imprisonment of Lithuanian grand duke
1301:The Cossacks and Religion in Early Modern Ukraine
1322:From Da to Yes: Understanding the East Europeans
1005:
427:
415:
104:, etc., or it is derived from this term through
1382:Treadgold, Donald; Ellison, Herbert J. (1999).
210:The Latin term "Alba Russia" was used again by
108:, an older name for the Swedish coastal region
71:is generally considered to be a borrowing from
1444:
421:
402:
330:
203:). However, here too a gradual shift towards
8:
1046:
931:
929:
740:"Warum Weißrussland plötzlich Belarus heißt"
387:adjective. Belarusian intelligentsia in the
197:
1198:State Commission of the Lithuanian Language
219:
185:
158:
1451:
1437:
1429:
1277:Levy, Patricia; Spilling, Michael (2009).
790:
1245:de Courson, Barbara Frances Mary (1879).
969:
669:"Belarus: Reise- und Sicherheitshinweise"
517:
1459:Names of European states and territories
893:
867:Fishman, Joshua; Garcia, Ofelia (2011).
275:was formed by three parts of Russia—the
122:is often conflated with its Latin forms
1042:
1040:
767:"Warum auch wir von "Belarus" sprechen"
529:
480:
306:became commonly used in the regions of
130:, thus Belarus is often referred to as
827:
712:Brouwers, Arnout (23 September 2020).
567:Brink, Stefan; Price, Neil S. (2008).
957:
686:De Jong, Sjoerd (12 September 2020).
7:
562:
560:
542:
540:
538:
355:in English. Likewise, the adjective
1406:Belarus: At a Crossroads in History
765:Bertolaso, Marco (7 August 2020).
655:"Reisadvies Belarus (Wit-Rusland)"
617:Vauchez, Dobson & Lapidge 2001
405:Komsomolskaya Pravda v Byelorussii
391:attempted to change the name from
25:
100:), which referred to rowing, the
807:. Minsk, Belarus: Encyclopedix.
738:Klein, Oliver (11 August 2020).
263:) first rose in the days of the
1364:Encyclopedia of the Middle Ages
1200:(in Lithuanian). Archived from
1098:(in Russian). 26 February 2014.
846:. Princeton University Press.
468:
464:
452:
448:
1:
1283:. New York: Benchmark Books.
138:. The name first appeared in
1194:""Gudija" ar "Baltarusija"?"
1006:Treadgold & Ellison 1999
633:. Nomos Verlag. p. 17.
314:during the interwar period.
160:Albae Russiae, Poloczk dicto
1304:. Oxford University Press.
1070:Central Intelligence Agency
1060:"Belarus – Government"
873:. Oxford University Press.
629:Andrzej Wierzbicki (2018).
428:
403:
1842:
1023:European Radio for Belarus
224:." The first known use of
27:Origin of the name Belarus
840:Philip G. Roeder (2011).
550:Svensk etymologisk Ordbok
422:
416:
331:
256:
214:in 1783 to recognize the
1385:Twentieth Century Russia
1047:Levy & Spilling 2009
547:Hellquist, Elof (1922).
1403:Zaprudnik, Jan (1993).
1325:. Intercultural Press.
1319:Richmond, Yale (1995).
1298:Plokhy, Serhii (2001).
1256:Minahan, James (1998).
906:Ioffe, Grigory (2008).
494:. Bloomsbury Academic.
342:Constitution of Belarus
245:Cross of St. Euphrosyne
1821:Country name etymology
1507:Bosnia and Herzegovina
1340:Ryder, Andrew (1998).
347:Accordingly, the name
248:
220:
198:
186:
159:
242:
1251:. Benziger Brothers.
803:Bely, Alies (2000).
379:and pushed for more
292:Bolshevik Revolution
149:; the chronicles of
1723:States with limited
423:Республика Беларусь
417:Рэспубліка Беларусь
373:soviet coat of arms
337:Belarusian language
332:Республика Беларусь
327:Republic of Belarus
218:there, exclaiming "
157:and his mother at "
147:medieval literature
1826:History of Belarus
1409:. Westview Press.
1388:. Westview Press.
1065:The World Factbook
771:deutschlandfunk.de
657:. 8 November 2021.
429:Respublika Belarus
249:
1808:
1807:
1290:978-0-7614-3411-5
919:978-0-7425-5558-7
880:978-0-19-983799-1
853:978-0-691-13467-3
578:978-0-415-33315-3
16:(Redirected from
1833:
1761:Dependencies and
1465:Sovereign states
1453:
1446:
1439:
1430:
1424:
1419:. Archived from
1399:
1378:
1357:
1336:
1315:
1294:
1273:
1252:
1231:
1230:
1229:. 16 April 2010.
1219:
1213:
1212:
1210:
1209:
1190:
1184:
1183:
1181:
1180:
1175:. United Nations
1169:
1163:
1162:
1160:
1159:
1148:
1142:
1141:
1139:
1138:
1127:
1121:
1120:
1118:
1117:
1110:""白罗斯"而不是"白俄罗斯'"
1106:
1100:
1099:
1088:
1082:
1081:
1079:
1077:
1056:
1050:
1044:
1035:
1034:
1032:
1030:
1015:
1009:
1003:
997:
996:
994:
993:
979:
973:
967:
961:
955:
949:
948:
946:
944:
933:
924:
923:
903:
897:
891:
885:
884:
864:
858:
857:
837:
831:
825:
819:
818:
800:
794:
788:
782:
781:
779:
777:
762:
756:
755:
753:
751:
735:
729:
728:
726:
724:
709:
703:
702:
700:
698:
683:
677:
676:
665:
659:
658:
651:
645:
644:
626:
620:
614:
608:
607:
605:
604:
589:
583:
582:
569:The viking world
564:
555:
554:
544:
533:
527:
521:
515:
506:
505:
485:
470:
466:
457:Chinese language
454:
450:
442:
441:
440:
438:
431:
425:
424:
419:
418:
408:
363:was replaced by
351:was replaced by
334:
333:
258:
223:
216:Society of Jesus
201:
189:
162:
120:
57:
21:
1841:
1840:
1836:
1835:
1834:
1832:
1831:
1830:
1811:
1810:
1809:
1804:
1762:
1756:
1742:Northern Cyprus
1724:
1718:
1639:North Macedonia
1460:
1457:
1427:
1417:
1402:
1396:
1381:
1375:
1360:
1354:
1339:
1333:
1318:
1312:
1297:
1291:
1276:
1270:
1255:
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1235:
1234:
1221:
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1216:
1207:
1205:
1192:
1191:
1187:
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1170:
1166:
1157:
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1149:
1145:
1136:
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1129:
1128:
1124:
1115:
1113:
1108:
1107:
1103:
1090:
1089:
1085:
1075:
1073:
1058:
1057:
1053:
1045:
1038:
1028:
1026:
1017:
1016:
1012:
1004:
1000:
991:
989:
987:www.svaboda.org
981:
980:
976:
968:
964:
956:
952:
942:
940:
935:
934:
927:
920:
905:
904:
900:
892:
888:
881:
866:
865:
861:
854:
839:
838:
834:
826:
822:
815:
802:
801:
797:
791:de Courson 1879
789:
785:
775:
773:
764:
763:
759:
749:
747:
737:
736:
732:
722:
720:
711:
710:
706:
696:
694:
685:
684:
680:
673:Auswärtiges Amt
667:
666:
662:
653:
652:
648:
641:
628:
627:
623:
615:
611:
602:
600:
591:
590:
586:
579:
566:
565:
558:
546:
545:
536:
528:
524:
516:
509:
502:
487:
486:
482:
477:
436:
434:
433:
432:
243:Stamp with the
151:Jan of Czarnków
118:
64:
55:
28:
23:
22:
18:Name of Belarus
15:
12:
11:
5:
1839:
1837:
1829:
1828:
1823:
1813:
1812:
1806:
1805:
1803:
1802:
1797:
1792:
1787:
1782:
1777:
1772:
1766:
1764:
1763:other entities
1758:
1757:
1755:
1754:
1749:
1744:
1739:
1734:
1728:
1726:
1720:
1719:
1717:
1716:
1714:United Kingdom
1711:
1706:
1701:
1696:
1691:
1686:
1681:
1676:
1671:
1666:
1661:
1656:
1651:
1646:
1641:
1636:
1631:
1626:
1621:
1616:
1611:
1606:
1601:
1596:
1591:
1586:
1581:
1579:
1574:
1569:
1564:
1559:
1554:
1549:
1544:
1539:
1534:
1529:
1527:Czech Republic
1524:
1519:
1514:
1509:
1504:
1499:
1494:
1489:
1484:
1479:
1474:
1468:
1466:
1462:
1461:
1458:
1456:
1455:
1448:
1441:
1433:
1426:
1425:
1423:on 2 May 2016.
1415:
1400:
1394:
1379:
1373:
1358:
1352:
1337:
1331:
1316:
1310:
1295:
1289:
1274:
1268:
1253:
1241:
1239:
1236:
1233:
1232:
1214:
1185:
1164:
1143:
1122:
1101:
1083:
1051:
1036:
1025:. 13 July 2009
1010:
998:
974:
972:, pp. 4–5
970:Zaprudnik 1993
962:
950:
925:
918:
898:
886:
879:
859:
852:
832:
820:
813:
795:
783:
757:
730:
704:
678:
660:
646:
639:
621:
609:
597:Словарь Онлайн
584:
577:
556:
534:
522:
518:Zaprudnik 1993
507:
500:
479:
478:
476:
473:
323:Supreme Soviet
296:White Russians
273:Russian Empire
265:Russian Empire
136:White Ruthenia
63:
60:
41:White Ruthenia
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1838:
1827:
1824:
1822:
1819:
1818:
1816:
1801:
1798:
1796:
1793:
1791:
1788:
1786:
1783:
1781:
1778:
1776:
1775:Faroe Islands
1773:
1771:
1768:
1767:
1765:
1759:
1753:
1750:
1748:
1747:South Ossetia
1745:
1743:
1740:
1738:
1735:
1733:
1730:
1729:
1727:
1721:
1715:
1712:
1710:
1707:
1705:
1702:
1700:
1697:
1695:
1692:
1690:
1687:
1685:
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1677:
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1630:
1627:
1625:
1622:
1620:
1617:
1615:
1612:
1610:
1607:
1605:
1602:
1600:
1599:Liechtenstein
1597:
1595:
1592:
1590:
1587:
1585:
1582:
1580:
1578:
1575:
1573:
1570:
1568:
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1563:
1560:
1558:
1555:
1553:
1550:
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1515:
1513:
1510:
1508:
1505:
1503:
1500:
1498:
1495:
1493:
1490:
1488:
1485:
1483:
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1478:
1475:
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1470:
1469:
1467:
1463:
1454:
1449:
1447:
1442:
1440:
1435:
1434:
1431:
1422:
1418:
1416:0-8133-1794-0
1412:
1408:
1407:
1401:
1397:
1395:0-8133-3672-4
1391:
1387:
1386:
1380:
1376:
1374:1-57958-282-6
1370:
1367:. Routledge.
1366:
1365:
1359:
1355:
1353:1-85743-058-1
1349:
1346:. Routledge.
1345:
1344:
1338:
1334:
1332:1-877864-30-7
1328:
1324:
1323:
1317:
1313:
1311:0-19-924739-0
1307:
1303:
1302:
1296:
1292:
1286:
1282:
1281:
1275:
1271:
1269:0-313-30610-9
1265:
1262:. Greenwood.
1261:
1260:
1254:
1250:
1249:
1243:
1242:
1237:
1228:
1224:
1218:
1215:
1204:on 2020-11-30
1203:
1199:
1195:
1189:
1186:
1174:
1168:
1165:
1153:
1147:
1144:
1132:
1126:
1123:
1111:
1105:
1102:
1097:
1093:
1087:
1084:
1071:
1067:
1066:
1061:
1055:
1052:
1048:
1043:
1041:
1037:
1024:
1020:
1014:
1011:
1008:, p. 230
1007:
1002:
999:
988:
984:
978:
975:
971:
966:
963:
960:, p. 183
959:
954:
951:
938:
932:
930:
926:
921:
915:
911:
910:
902:
899:
896:, p. 260
895:
894:Richmond 1995
890:
887:
882:
876:
872:
871:
863:
860:
855:
849:
845:
844:
836:
833:
830:, p. 327
829:
824:
821:
816:
814:985-6599-12-1
810:
806:
799:
796:
793:, p. 281
792:
787:
784:
772:
768:
761:
758:
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1699:Switzerland
1634:Netherlands
1227:Telegraf.by
1076:22 December
828:Plokhy 2001
520:, p. 2
459:, although
393:Byelorussia
377:soviet flag
357:Belorussian
349:Byelorussia
319:Byelorussia
304:Byelorussia
300:Byelorussia
257:Белору́ссия
187:Wit-Rusland
36:Byelorussia
1815:Categories
1669:San Marino
1629:Montenegro
1609:Luxembourg
1589:Kazakhstan
1492:Azerbaijan
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1179:2023-07-18
1158:2023-07-18
1137:2022-07-18
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1116:2023-07-18
1029:2 February
992:2016-07-28
958:Ryder 1998
718:Volkskrant
603:2023-07-03
475:References
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389:Stalin era
385:Belarusian
290:After the
255:(Russian:
253:Belorussia
102:fleet levy
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1780:Gibraltar
1604:Lithuania
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308:Białystok
251:The term
247:from 1992
181:Afrikaans
115:The name
30:The name
1800:Svalbard
1785:Guernsey
1732:Abkhazia
1684:Slovenia
1679:Slovakia
1654:Portugal
1512:Bulgaria
445:Báilúosī
128:Ruthenia
110:Roslagen
1709:Ukraine
1659:Romania
1619:Moldova
1577:Ireland
1572:Iceland
1567:Hungary
1557:Germany
1552:Georgia
1542:Finland
1537:Estonia
1532:Denmark
1517:Croatia
1502:Belgium
1497:Belarus
1487:Austria
1482:Armenia
1477:Andorra
1472:Albania
1280:Belarus
1096:Onliner
369:Ruthene
353:Belarus
271:or the
205:Belarus
191:), and
173:Polotsk
169:Vitebsk
155:Jogaila
62:History
32:Belarus
1795:Jersey
1737:Kosovo
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1694:Sweden
1674:Serbia
1664:Russia
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1644:Norway
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1770:Åland
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