72:
surface of each cell is a lipid coat containing an anti-angiogenic drug. The technology makes use of the fact that a tumor's blood vessels have pores 600 _m in diameter and are much leakier than normal blood vessels, which have pores only around 50 _m in diameter. The nanocells circulate in the blood, and because of their size, they leak out of blood vessels only in tumors. Once there, the nanocells are degraded by enzymes produced by the tumor. Work remains to be done to win clinical approval for the technology, but results from
Sengupta's lab indicate that the nanocells are more effective and less toxic than traditional chemotherapy.
658:
86:
292:
765:
1005:
286:
58:, and it begins to release growth factors to recruit new blood vessels that will supply it with oxygen. Inhibiting angiogenesis has been investigated as a means of preventing tumor growth but has not proven to be fully successful, for tumor cells cut off from the blood supply can eventually develop “reactive resistance” to hypoxia. These resistant cancer cells could be killed by
827:
531:
62:
drugs, but once the vasculature to the tumor has been cut off, there is no way for chemotherapy to be delivered. Nanotechnology offers a way to deliver chemotherapeutic drugs and anti-angiogenic drugs in the same vehicle so that as the blood supply is shut off, chemotherapy is present to prevent any
71:
Labs at MIT are in the process of developing nanocells capable of delivering both types of drugs. Each nanocell is between 120 and 200 _m in diameter and can be thought of as “a balloon within a balloon.” Inside each nanocell is a chemotherapeutic drug covalently bound to a polymer, and on the
166:
Sengupta S, Eavarone D, Capila I, Zhao G, Watson N, Kiziltepe T, Sasisekharan R. Temporal targeting of tumour cells and neovasculature with a nanoscale delivery system. Nature. 2005 Jul 28;436(7050):568-72.
203:
31:
platform consisting of a polymer-bound chemotherapeutic drug combined with a lipid-bound anti-angiogenesis drug. Nanocells are currently being developed in the lab of
Shiladitya Sengupta of
196:
115:
275:
189:
32:
560:
137:
1143:
641:
657:
738:
581:
1112:
1074:
417:
233:
98:
1026:
108:
102:
94:
1054:
623:
1102:
1031:
618:
565:
399:
119:
1021:
395:
1049:
1092:
1059:
858:
690:
422:
343:
270:
212:
1087:
1041:
983:
889:
756:
363:
237:
1148:
1097:
978:
391:
942:
787:
705:
650:
570:
555:
358:
995:
732:
613:
608:
328:
224:
291:
1069:
863:
818:
515:
260:
919:
914:
752:
493:
255:
55:
853:
59:
743:
181:
804:
764:
437:
161:
1137:
1013:
947:
869:
838:
603:
432:
54:. After a tumor has grown to about the size of a cubic millimeter, its core becomes
47:
28:
1004:
156:
151:
988:
924:
909:
884:
722:
442:
285:
43:
1082:
970:
843:
799:
777:
695:
665:
599:
448:
387:
216:
966:
937:
497:
471:
333:
576:
466:
318:
308:
17:
826:
1118:
899:
879:
874:
848:
792:
685:
675:
670:
427:
373:
338:
323:
265:
904:
833:
772:
717:
712:
680:
520:
476:
353:
16:
This article is about biological cells. For cell phone technology, see
894:
814:
727:
547:
458:
348:
313:
300:
530:
782:
507:
409:
368:
247:
51:
185:
646:
591:
79:
825:
763:
656:
177:
Center for
Integration of Medicine and Innovative Technology
176:
1068:
1040:
1012:
965:
932:
813:
751:
704:
640:
590:
546:
506:
492:
457:
408:
386:
299:
246:
232:
223:
107:but its sources remain unclear because it lacks
197:
50:, plays a major role in the development of a
8:
63:hypoxia-resistant cells from proliferating.
962:
503:
405:
243:
229:
204:
190:
182:
138:Learn how and when to remove this message
162:MIT engineers an anti-cancer smart bomb
7:
561:Heated humidified high-flow therapy
14:
1003:
529:
290:
284:
84:
157:Nanocell's double hit on cancer
1:
329:Effervescent powder or tablet
1113:Patient-controlled analgesia
418:Orally disintegrating tablet
1165:
624:Relative analgesia machine
46:, or the formation of new
15:
1001:
527:
282:
213:Routes of administration
93:This article includes a
739:Extra-amniotic infusion
344:Molecular encapsulation
276:Osmotic delivery system
271:Time release technology
152:Nanocell targets cancer
122:more precise citations.
1042:Central nervous system
830:
768:
696:Mucoadhesive microdisc
661:
1144:Drug delivery devices
885:Transfersome vesicles
829:
767:
744:Intravesical infusion
660:
571:Metered-dose inhaler
556:Anesthetic vaporizer
996:Transdermal implant
956:(into tissue/blood)
733:Intrauterine device
614:Anaesthetic machine
609:Oxygen concentrator
1108:Nanocell injection
831:
769:
662:
516:Dry-powder inhaler
95:list of references
1131:
1130:
1127:
1126:
958:
920:Transdermal spray
915:Transdermal patch
905:Medicated shampoo
636:
635:
632:
631:
619:Medical inhalants
566:Medical inhalants
494:Respiratory tract
488:
487:
382:
381:
148:
147:
140:
1156:
1007:
963:
954:
541:
537:
533:
504:
433:Sublingual drops
406:
294:
288:
244:
230:
206:
199:
192:
183:
143:
136:
132:
129:
123:
118:this article by
109:inline citations
88:
87:
80:
60:chemotherapeutic
1164:
1163:
1159:
1158:
1157:
1155:
1154:
1153:
1134:
1133:
1132:
1123:
1103:Intraperitoneal
1075:musculoskeletal
1073:
1064:
1036:
1032:Intra-articular
1008:
999:
959:
953:
952:
928:
809:
747:
700:
645:
628:
586:
542:
539:
538:
535:
534:
525:
484:
453:
378:
295:
289:
280:
234:Digestive tract
219:
210:
173:
144:
133:
127:
124:
113:
99:related reading
89:
85:
78:
69:
41:
21:
12:
11:
5:
1162:
1160:
1152:
1151:
1146:
1136:
1135:
1129:
1128:
1125:
1124:
1122:
1121:
1116:
1110:
1105:
1100:
1095:
1090:
1085:
1079:
1077:
1066:
1065:
1063:
1062:
1057:
1052:
1046:
1044:
1038:
1037:
1035:
1034:
1029:
1024:
1022:Intracavernous
1018:
1016:
1010:
1009:
1002:
1000:
998:
993:
992:
991:
981:
976:
974:
960:
951:
950:
945:
940:
934:
933:
930:
929:
927:
922:
917:
912:
907:
902:
897:
892:
887:
882:
877:
872:
867:
861:
856:
851:
846:
841:
836:
824:
822:
811:
810:
808:
807:
805:Nutrient enema
802:
797:
796:
795:
790:
780:
775:
762:
760:
749:
748:
746:
741:
736:
730:
725:
720:
715:
710:
708:
702:
701:
699:
698:
693:
688:
683:
678:
673:
668:
655:
653:
638:
637:
634:
633:
630:
629:
627:
626:
621:
616:
611:
606:
596:
594:
588:
587:
585:
584:
579:
574:
568:
563:
558:
552:
550:
544:
543:
528:
526:
524:
523:
518:
512:
510:
501:
490:
489:
486:
485:
483:
482:
479:
474:
469:
463:
461:
455:
454:
452:
451:
446:
440:
435:
430:
425:
420:
414:
412:
403:
384:
383:
380:
379:
377:
376:
371:
366:
361:
356:
351:
346:
341:
336:
331:
326:
321:
316:
311:
305:
303:
297:
296:
283:
281:
279:
278:
273:
268:
263:
258:
252:
250:
241:
227:
221:
220:
211:
209:
208:
201:
194:
186:
180:
179:
172:
171:External links
169:
168:
167:
164:
159:
154:
146:
145:
103:external links
92:
90:
83:
77:
74:
68:
65:
40:
37:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1161:
1150:
1147:
1145:
1142:
1141:
1139:
1120:
1117:
1114:
1111:
1109:
1106:
1104:
1101:
1099:
1096:
1094:
1093:Intramuscular
1091:
1089:
1086:
1084:
1081:
1080:
1078:
1076:
1071:
1067:
1061:
1058:
1056:
1053:
1051:
1050:Intracerebral
1048:
1047:
1045:
1043:
1039:
1033:
1030:
1028:
1025:
1023:
1020:
1019:
1017:
1015:
1011:
1006:
997:
994:
990:
987:
986:
985:
982:
980:
977:
975:
972:
968:
964:
961:
957:
949:
946:
944:
941:
939:
936:
935:
931:
926:
923:
921:
918:
916:
913:
911:
908:
906:
903:
901:
898:
896:
893:
891:
888:
886:
883:
881:
878:
876:
873:
871:
870:Iontophoresis
868:
865:
862:
860:
857:
855:
852:
850:
847:
845:
842:
840:
839:Topical cream
837:
835:
832:
828:
823:
820:
816:
812:
806:
803:
801:
798:
794:
791:
789:
786:
785:
784:
781:
779:
776:
774:
771:
770:
766:
761:
758:
754:
750:
745:
742:
740:
737:
734:
731:
729:
726:
724:
721:
719:
716:
714:
711:
709:
707:
703:
697:
694:
692:
689:
687:
684:
682:
679:
677:
674:
672:
669:
667:
664:
663:
659:
654:
652:
648:
643:
639:
625:
622:
620:
617:
615:
612:
610:
607:
605:
604:Nasal cannula
601:
598:
597:
595:
593:
589:
583:
580:
578:
575:
572:
569:
567:
564:
562:
559:
557:
554:
553:
551:
549:
545:
532:
522:
519:
517:
514:
513:
511:
509:
505:
502:
499:
495:
491:
480:
478:
475:
473:
470:
468:
465:
464:
462:
460:
456:
450:
447:
444:
441:
439:
436:
434:
431:
429:
426:
424:
421:
419:
416:
415:
413:
411:
407:
404:
401:
397:
393:
389:
385:
375:
372:
370:
367:
365:
362:
360:
357:
355:
352:
350:
347:
345:
342:
340:
337:
335:
332:
330:
327:
325:
322:
320:
317:
315:
312:
310:
307:
306:
304:
302:
298:
293:
287:
277:
274:
272:
269:
267:
264:
262:
259:
257:
254:
253:
251:
249:
245:
242:
239:
235:
231:
228:
226:
222:
218:
214:
207:
202:
200:
195:
193:
188:
187:
184:
178:
175:
174:
170:
165:
163:
160:
158:
155:
153:
150:
149:
142:
139:
131:
121:
117:
111:
110:
104:
100:
96:
91:
82:
81:
75:
73:
66:
64:
61:
57:
53:
49:
48:blood vessels
45:
38:
36:
34:
30:
29:drug delivery
26:
19:
1149:Dosage forms
1107:
1098:Intraosseous
1088:Intracardiac
1027:Intravitreal
989:Injector pen
984:Subcutaneous
955:
925:Jet injector
910:Dermal patch
723:Vaginal ring
691:Insufflation
443:Effervescent
217:dosage forms
134:
125:
114:Please help
106:
70:
44:Angiogenesis
42:
24:
22:
1083:Intravenous
1070:Circulatory
1055:Intrathecal
979:Intradermal
971:transdermal
938:Parenterals
844:Topical gel
800:Murphy drip
778:Suppository
666:Nasal spray
600:Oxygen mask
449:Chewing gum
388:Oral mucosa
120:introducing
1138:Categories
943:Injections
706:Urogenital
642:Ophthalmic
498:inhalation
472:Toothpaste
400:sublingual
364:Suspension
334:Herbal tea
128:April 2009
76:References
67:Technology
948:infusions
880:Liposomes
676:Eye drops
671:Ear drops
582:Vaporizer
577:Nebulizer
467:Mouthwash
396:sublabial
319:Electuary
309:Decoction
18:microcell
1119:PIC line
1060:Epidural
900:Lip balm
875:Hydrogel
866:solution
849:Liniment
834:Ointment
793:Hydrogel
788:Solution
773:Ointment
713:Ointment
686:Hydrogel
681:Ointment
477:Ointment
438:Lozenges
428:Lollipop
374:Tincture
359:Solution
339:Hydrogel
324:Emulsion
266:Pastille
25:nanocell
819:topical
757:enteral
718:Pessary
548:Liquids
521:Smoking
459:Liquids
354:Softgel
301:Liquids
261:Capsule
238:enteral
116:improve
56:hypoxic
1014:Organs
895:Lotion
815:Dermal
753:Rectal
728:Douche
508:Solids
445:tablet
410:Solids
392:buccal
349:Powder
314:Elixir
256:Tablet
248:Solids
39:Theory
890:Cream
854:Paste
783:Enema
735:(IUD)
651:nasal
573:(MDI)
481:Spray
369:Syrup
101:, or
52:tumor
27:is a
1115:pump
967:Skin
864:DMSO
859:Film
647:otic
602:and
423:Film
225:Oral
592:Gas
33:MIT
1140::
649:,
398:,
394:,
215:,
105:,
97:,
35:.
23:A
1072:,
973:)
969:(
821:)
817:(
759:)
755:(
644:,
540:0
536:0
500:)
496:(
402:)
390:(
240:)
236:(
205:e
198:t
191:v
141:)
135:(
130:)
126:(
112:.
20:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.