189:
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was conducted by the commission as an open public inquiry and the public and media were also permitted to remain present at the time of hearings fixed by the commission. . except on one occasion when Mr. Rahul Sharma was asked some questions ‘in camera’ for ascertaining certain facts. That part of his evidence was also made available to the parties later on. It issued summons to railwaymen and higher officers to compel them to produce certain relevant documents. In total 46,494 statements/affidavits were received by the commission. Out of them 2019 were statements/affidavits filed by the
Government officers and 44445 statements/ affidavits were received from the public.
229:
custody at the time; however, he later denied giving any such statement. In addition, the alleged acquisition of 140 litres of petrol hours before the arrival of the train and the storage of this petrol at the house of Razzak Kurkur, accused of being a key conspirator, as well as forensic evidence supposedly demonstrating that fuel had been poured on the coach before it was burned, was presented by the committee. The report concluded that the train was attacked by thousands of
Muslims from the Signal Falia area. The commission also concluded that there was no evidence regarding involvement of any definite religious or political organization in the conspiracy.
306:, carried out a separate investigation in 2002 and concluded that the fire had been accidental, stating that the attack by a mob was part of a government conspiracy to trigger violence across the state. Several other independent commentators have also concluded that the fire itself was almost certainly an accident, saying that the initial cause of the blaze would not ever be determined. The Nanavati-Shah Commission findings explicitly contradict these views.
221:
conspirators immediately made arrangements for collecting about 140 litres of petrol from a nearby pump on the night of 26 February 2002, the next day when the train arrived in Godhra, Hasan Lala, after forcibly opening the vestibule between coaches S-6 and S-7, entered S-6 and threw burning rags setting it on fire.
196:
On 7 March 2002, the
Commission started its functioning at Ahmedabad. On 20 April 2002, it issued a notification inviting persons acquainted with the subject matter of the inquiry relating to the Godhra incident and post-Godhra incidents to furnish to the Commission statements/affidavits. The inquiry
117:
mob (Nanavati-Mehta
Commission concluded that the burning of S-6 coach of Sabarmati Express near Godhra railway station was a "planned conspiracy."), trapping many people inside. The resulting blaze killed 59 people, including 25 women and 25 children. The event was generally perceived as the trigger
171:
and/or any other
Ministers in his council of ministers, police officers, other individuals and organizations. This action pre-empted the central government from constituting any other Commission, as section 3(b) the Commissions of Inquiry act of 1952 does not allow two simultaneous commissions into
166:
Initially, the Terms of
Reference of the commission were to inquire into the facts, circumstances and course of events that led to the burning of the S-6 coach of Sabarmati Express. On 20 July 2004, soon after the UPA government came to power in the centre, the scope of the commission was widened to
294:
commented at the strange absolvement of the
Gujarat government for complacency for the carnage before the commission's second and final report had been brought out. The CPI (M) said that the report reinforced communal prejudices. The commission has come in for heavy criticism from academics such as
244:
The
Commission concluded that there was "absolutely no evidence to show that either Modi, the then Chief Minister of Gujarat and/or any other minister(s) in his council of ministers or police officers had played any role in the Godhra incident or that there was any lapse on their part in the matter
232:
The
Commission claimed that there was no evidence to justify the contention that the kar sevaks had been fighting with Muslim vendors at stations before the incident as was alleged earlier, though there were some minor scuffles with three Muslim vendors on the Godhra platform. But it concluded that
228:
officer named
Nanumiyan, and Maulvi Husain Haji Ibrahim Umarji, a cleric in the town of Godhra, were presented as the masterminds behind the operation. The evidence collected by the committee in favour of this conclusion was a statement made by Jabir Binyamin Behra, a criminal who happened to be in
157:
released a video recording showing Arvind Pandya, counsel for the Gujarat government, discussing the commission. In the video, Pandya states that "Hindu leaders" need not concern themselves about the findings of the Shah-Nanavati commission; since Shah was "their man" and Nanavati could be bribed,
130:
On 6 March 2002, the government of Gujarat appointed a commission of inquiry under section 3 of the Commissions of Inquiry Act, 1952 to investigate into the Godhra train burning incident, the subsequent riots and the adequacy or lack thereof of the administrative measures taken to prevent and deal
212:. The report concludes that the burning of the S-6 coach of Sabarmati Express was a premeditated crime and not an accident. It further gave a clean chit to Gujarat Chief Minister Narendra Modi, saying there was no evidence to show that he or anybody in his Government was involved with incident.
135:
judge. However, Shah's alleged closeness to Narendra Modi provoked outrage from the families of the victims as well as from Human Rights organisations, and resulted in call for a more independent head for the commission. As a result, on 21 May 2002, the government of Gujarat reconstituted the
220:
Commission concluded that "there was a conspiracy to burn coach S-6 of the Sabarmati Express train to cause harm to the Karsevaks travelling in that coach." As per the commission, the conspiracy was hatched by some local Muslims at the Aman guest house in Godhra the previous night and the
149:
to the committee on 6 April 2008. Commission is hence variously also known as the Shah-Nanavati Commission or the Nanavati-Shah-Mehta Commission. During its six-year probe, the commission examined more than 40,000 documents and the testimonies of more than 1,000 witnesses.
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as chairman, which thus became known as the "Nanavati-Shah Commission." Shah died on 22 March 2008, just a few months before the commission was due to submit its interim report, and on 5 April 2008 the Gujarat High Court then appointed its retired judge
268:
welcomed the Part I of the report and termed it to be "most extensive, exhaustive and scientific". It said that the report would put an end to all theories which claim the burning of the train was an accident and that the fire broke out from inside.
318:. The judgement rested in part on the findings of the Nanavati-Shah Commission; however, Maulvi Umarji, presented by the commission as the chief conspirator, was cleared of all charges along with 62 others for insufficient evidence.
64:, retired judge of the Gujarat High Court, replaced Shah when the latter died before the submission of the commission's interim report. Mehta was the same judge who had granted bail to Babu Bajrangi, the main accused of the
233:
there was no reliable evidence to show that any attempt was made by the kar sevaks to abduct Sofiabanu, Salim Panwala to spread a false rumor to that effect to collect a mob that started pelting stones on the passengers.
75:
railway station was a "planned conspiracy". The part dealing with subsequent violence was submitted on 18 November 2014. Its term ended on 31 October 2014, having received 24 extensions from the state government.
290:
both objected to the exoneration of the Gujarat government by the commission, citing the timing of the report (with the general elections months away) as evidence of unfairness. Congress spokesperson
71:
In September 2008 the Commission submitted the part of its report covering the Godhra train burning incident (Part I) in which it had concluded that burning of the S-6 coach of Sabarmati Express near
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1414:
1486:
314:
In February 2011, the trial court convicted 31 people and acquitted 63 others for conspiring to murder, saying the incident was a "pre-planned conspiracy." All of those convicted were
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532:
188:
16:
This article is about the commission that investigated the Godhra train burning and the Gujarat riots of 2002. For the commission that investigated the 1984 anti-Sikh riots, see
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with the disturbances that followed, both in Godhra and subsequently across the state. The commission was a single member commission consisting of Justice K. G. Shah, a retired
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369:
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of providing protection, relief and rehabilitation to the victims of communal riots or in the matter of not complying with the recommendations and directions given by
1572:
257:
On 18 November 2014, the final report was submitted by the commission to the Gujarat government. The report runs in over 2000 pages and is contained in nine volumes.
299:
for obstructing the course of justice, supporting the conspiracy theory too quickly, and for allegedly ignoring evidence of governmental complicity in the incident.
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According to the report, setting fire to the train was part of a larger conspiracy to instill a sense of fear in the administration and create anarchy in the state.
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The commission initially examined the burnt S-6 coach to see its condition and the damage caused to it and later in the light of the evidence collected by it.
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609:
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208:
In September 2008, the Commission submitted its 168-paged Part I of the report, dealing with the Godhra train burning incident, which was tabled before the
122:
that followed, in which some estimate upwards of 2000 people were killed, while 150,000 were displaced. Rape, mutilation, and torture were also widespread.
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the findings would definitely be in the BJP's favour. Pandya resigned from the post of counsel for the government, stating that he had been framed.
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1410:
645:
448:
1445:
533:"Godhra Train Carnage: Gujarat HC Commutes Death Penalty Of 11 Convicts; Awards 10 Lakh Compensation To Victims' Kin [Read Judgment]"
1518:
1112:
1016:
926:
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396:
180:
The initial term of the committee was three months; however, its terms were extended for 24 times and its term ended on 31 October 2014.
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56:, after protests from human rights organizations over Shah's closeness to then-Gujarat Chief Minister
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85:
37:
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The credibility of the commission's report was called into question when the investigative magazine
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17:
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cong, cpm slam Nanavati report for reinforcing 'communal bias.' Times of India. 28 September 2008.
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incident of 27 February 2002. Its mandate was later enlarged to include the investigation of the
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753:
95:
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Inside view of the burnt S-6 coach of Sabarmati Express published in the commission's report
279:
said that the report has established that Godhra train carnage was a "pre-planned attack."
1780:
1638:
303:
146:
110:
102:
to Ahmedabad, was stopped near the Godhra railway station. Several of the passengers were
61:
821:
Jaffrelot, Christophe (25 February 2012). "Gujarat 2002: What Justice for the Victims?".
1550:
478:
343:
291:
276:
141:
49:
787:"Report of the Commission of Inquiry Consisting of Justice Nanavati and Justice Mehta"
1850:
1727:
168:
167:
include within its scope of inquiry, the role and conduct of the then Chief Minister
57:
1632:
Report of the Commission of Inquiry Consisting of Justice Nanavati and Justice Mehta
1293:
1164:"Godhra case: Eventually, Maulvi Umarji comes out unscathed – India – DNA"
492:
584:"Key Accused in 2002 Godhra Train Burning Case Arrested After 19 Years in Gujarat"
1380:
1242:"2002 post-Godhra riots: Full text of Justice (retd.) G.T. Nanavati's interview"
871:"Gujarat: Nanavati Commission submitted its first report on 2002 riots in state"
740:. Hinduonnet.com. 7 March 2002. Archived from the original on 10 February 2003
1523:
1117:
1021:
931:
1794:
1759:
1360:
Iyer, SH (May–June 2008). "Babu Bajrangi's bail and Gujarat riot probe".
558:"2002 Godhra train coach burning case: Key accused held after 19 years"
154:
114:
99:
1787:
1643:
370:"Godhra commission not to seek extension, to submit report next week"
315:
109:, or volunteers, returning from a religious ceremony at the disputed
72:
841:"Newly appointed justice Mehta of Nanavati Commission visits Godhra"
1149:
The Times of India, 28 September 2008. Retrieved 19 February 2012.
1519:"Front Page : Muslim mob attacked train: Nanavati Commission"
792:. Godhra and Gujarat Riots - Commission of Inquiry. Archived from
187:
103:
48:
judge, as its only member. It was later re-constituted to include
636:"Death for 11, life sentence for 20 in Godhra train burning case"
240:
Regarding role of Narendra Modi and other ministers and officials
25:
2002 commission of inquiry appointed by the Government of Gujarat
1487:"Godhra verdict: 31 convicted in Sabarmati Express burning case"
339:"Nanavati Commission submits final report on 2002 Gujarat riots"
1647:
44:. It was appointed on 6 March 2002, with K. G. Shah, a retired
136:
Commission into a two-member committee, and appointed retired
927:"Nanavati panel takes cognisance of Arvind Pandya's remarks"
668:
Heidelberg Papers in South Asian and Comparative Politics
1573:"Special court convicts 31 in Godhra train burning case"
479:"Eleven sentenced to death for India Godhra train blaze"
1212:"Gujarat may come clean today, say 1,180 died in riots"
610:"Nanavati panel submits final report on Gujarat riots"
275:
also welcomed the report. Its international secretary
691:"Justice and 'a Ray of Hope' After 2002 India Riots"
364:
362:
1818:
1744:
1712:
1681:
1461:Jeffery, Craig (2011). Isabelle Clark-Decès (ed.).
1320:"Cong, CPM question Nanavati report's credibility"
1106:
1104:
1102:
1100:
816:
814:
333:
331:
302:The Concerned Citizens Tribunal (CCT), headed by
1551:"India Godhra train blaze verdict: 31 convicted"
1147:The Godhra conspiracy as Justice Nanavati saw it
1113:"Muslim mob attacked train: Nanavati Commission"
1075:"Godhra report says train carnage a conspiracy"
661:"Communal Riots in Gujarat: The State at Risk?"
184:Functioning of the Commission and investigation
1187:"Godhra carnage a conspiracy: Nanavati report"
32:is the commission of inquiry appointed by the
1735:Scarred: Experiments with Violence in Gujarat
1659:
1142:
1140:
8:
781:
779:
777:
775:
773:
771:
769:
507:"Godhra verdict: 31 convicted, 63 acquitted"
1440:. Cambridge University Press. p. 280.
1264:"BJP welcomes Nanavati Commission's report"
423:"Godhra probe panel gets another extension"
1666:
1652:
1644:
1411:"Genocide in Gujarat: Patterns of violen"
1294:"VHP welcomes Nanavati Commission report"
1270:. IANS. 25 September 2008. Archived from
1463:A Companion to the Anthropology of India
1049:"Nanavati Commission visits Godhra site"
738:"The Hindu : Probe panel appointed"
449:"Nanavati panel ready with final report"
94:On the morning of 27 February 2002, the
397:"Nanavati panel's final report in July"
327:
1417:from the original on 21 September 2013
985:"The Commissions of Inquiry Act, 1952"
902:Religion, Caste, and Politics in India
751:
1111:Dasgupta, Manas (26 September 2008).
531:Mandhani, Apoorva (11 October 2017).
7:
1728:Gujarat Files: Anatomy of a Cover Up
1603:"Key accused let off in Godhra case"
1185:Uday, Mahurkar (26 September 2008).
960:"Pleader quits after Tehelka Expose"
204:Part I of the report and conclusions
1527:. 26 September 2008. Archived from
1328:. 27 September 2008. Archived from
1081:. 25 September 2008. Archived from
958:Dasgupta, Manas (28 October 2007).
925:Dasgupta, Manas (30 October 2007).
659:Jaffrelot, Christophe (July 2003).
261:Responses to the findings in Part I
1579:. 22 February 2012. Archived from
1495:. 22 February 2011. Archived from
1390:from the original on 16 March 2012
1386:. Citizens for Justice and Peace.
1218:. 28 February 2009. Archived from
1025:. 14 December 2004. Archived from
493:"Gujarat riot death toll revealed"
284:Communist Party of India (Marxist)
14:
1465:. Wiley-Blackwell. p. 1988.
1438:A Concise History of Modern India
1413:. Asian Human Rights Commission.
904:. C Hurst & Co. p. 398.
716:"The Ayodhya dispute: A timeline"
455:. 30 October 2014. Archived from
113:. The train was set on fire by a
1867:Indian commissions and inquiries
1721:Gujarat: The Making of a Tragedy
1409:Commission, Asian Human Rights.
247:National Human Rights Commission
216:Regarding train burning incident
111:Ramjanmabhoomi-Babri mosque site
823:Economic & Political Weekly
1857:2002 establishments in Gujarat
1809:Accident or Conspiracy: Godhra
1379:Tribunal, Concerned Citizens.
1017:"Nanavati panel visits Godhra"
900:Jaffrelot, Christophe (2011).
644:. 1 March 2011. Archived from
1:
1244:. The Hindu. 19 November 2014
1121:. Gandhinagar. Archived from
1436:Metcalf, Barbara D. (2012).
421:Khan, Saeed (30 July 2014).
226:Central Reserve Police Force
210:Gujarat Legislative Assembly
395:Dave, Kapil (30 May 2014).
347:. No. 18 November 2014
1888:
1831:Coalition Against Genocide
126:Appointment and membership
83:
15:
1872:Public inquiries in India
1836:Nanavati-Mehta Commission
758:: CS1 maint: unfit URL (
481:. BBC News. 1 March 2011.
52:, a retired judge of the
30:Nanavati-Mehta Commission
1704:Gulbarg Society massacre
1637:19 February 2009 at the
1381:"Crime Against Humanity"
495:. BBC News. 11 May 2005.
288:Indian National Congress
1826:The Truth: Gujarat 2002
1553:. BBC. 22 February 2011
1774:Bhoomiyude Avakashikal
1694:Naroda Patiya massacre
453:The Free Press Journal
376:. TNN. 29 October 2014
266:Bharatiya Janata Party
193:
66:Naroda Patiya massacre
54:Supreme Court of India
847:. UNI. Archived from
273:Vishwa Hindu Parishad
191:
34:government of Gujarat
1689:Godhra train burning
1531:on 27 September 2008
1125:on 27 September 2008
297:Christophe Jaffrelot
118:for the anti-Muslim
86:Godhra train burning
38:Godhra train burning
1767:Vilapangalkkappuram
1300:. 25 September 2008
997:on 21 December 2016
851:on 27 December 2010
799:on 19 February 2009
18:Nanavati commission
1862:2002 Gujarat riots
1675:2002 Gujarat riots
1609:. 23 February 2011
1583:on 19 January 2013
1492:The Times of India
1325:The Times of India
1055:. PTI. 18 May 2008
1053:The Times of India
1029:on 19 January 2005
939:on 30 October 2007
881:on 3 December 2013
689:Harris, Gardiner.
641:The Times of India
616:. 18 November 2014
590:. 16 February 2021
564:. 16 February 2021
562:The Indian Express
459:on 31 October 2014
194:
162:Terms of reference
133:Gujarat High Court
90:2002 Gujarat riots
46:Gujarat High Court
42:2002 Gujarat riots
1844:
1843:
1447:978-1-107-02649-0
1153:21 February 2012.
172:the same matter.
98:, returning from
96:Sabarmati Express
1879:
1699:Best Bakery case
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1639:Wayback Machine
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84:Main articles:
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