1554:
2149:
1376:
1484:
53:
2544:
1979:
2157:
1697:
1387:, slow but large enough to hold a great deal of merchandise and enough provisions to travel safely through such a lengthy and often hazardous (because of pirates) journey. These ships initially had about 400â600 tons burden but later on could reach as many as over 1200 or 1600 tons in cargo capacity, a rare few reaching as many as 2000 tons â they were the largest vessels afloat on Earth, and easily twice or three times larger than common galleons of the time, rivalled only in size by the Spanish
1074:
2733:
2386:(ćèźæ”ć€ç§), Japanese âSouthern Barbarian-style surgery,â which adopted some wound plasters and the use of palm oil, pig fat, tobacco, etc. from the Portuguese. However, as a result of the increasingly severe persecution of Christians since the end of the 16th century, this status remained. In the middle of the 17th century, these Western elements were then incorporated into the newly emerged surgery in the style of the redheads (çŽ
æŻæ”ć€ç§
1726:
5081:
1360:
1841:
2616:
2085:
1954:
1110:
1278:
4481:
2570:, for the Netherlands, and some trade with China, foreigners were subject to the death penalty, and Christian converts were persecuted. Guns were almost completely eradicated to revert to the more "civilized" sword. Travel abroad and the building of large ships were also prohibited. Thence started a period of seclusion, peace, prosperity and mild progress known as the
2033:, which sailed throughout East and Southeast Asia for trade. These ships incorporated many elements of galleon design, such as sails, rudder, and gun disposition. They brought to Southeast Asian ports many Japanese traders and adventurers, who sometimes became quite influential in local affairs, such as the adventurer
2677:
1550:, both old and modern Asian authors have "conveniently overlooked" their part in the enslavement of their countrymen. They were well regarded for their skills and warlike character, and some ended as far as India and even Europe, some armed retainers or as concubines or slaves to other slaves of the Portuguese.
1455:
By far the most valuable commodities exchanged in the "nanban trade" were
Chinese silks for Japanese silver, which was then traded in China for more silk. Although accurate statistics are lacking, it has been estimated that roughly half of Japan's yearly silver output was exported, most of it through
2185:
on
February 5, 1597. It seems Hideyoshi's decision was taken following encouragements by the Jesuits to expel the rival order, his being informed by the Spanish that military conquest usually followed Catholic proselytism, and by his own desire to take over the cargo of the ship. Although close to a
1619:
The monopoly of
Portugal on trade with Japan for a European nation started being challenged by Spanish ships from Manila after 1600 (until 1620), the Dutch after 1609 and the English in 1613 (until 1623). Nonetheless, it was found that neither the Dutch nor the Spanish could effectively replace the
1572:
issued a ban on the enslavement of both
Chinese and Japanese, probably fearing the negative effects it might have on proselytization efforts as well as the standing diplomacy and trade between the countries. Toyotomi Hideyoshi, the de facto ruler of Japan, enforced the end of the enslavement of his
1903:
Within a year after the first trade in guns, Japanese swordsmiths and ironsmiths managed to reproduce the matchlock mechanism and mass-produce the
Portuguese guns. Early issues due to Japanese inexperience was corrected with the help of Portuguese blacksmiths. The Japanese soon worked on various
2205:(1614â1615). Repression of Catholicism became virulent after Ieyasu's death in 1616, leading to the torturing and killing of around 2,000 Christians (70 westerners and the rest Japanese) and the apostasy of the remaining 200â300,000. The last major reaction of the Christians in Japan was the
2126:
came in 1587 when he promulgated the interdiction of
Christianity and ordered the departure of all "padres". This resolution was not followed upon however (only 3 out of 130 Jesuits left Japan), and the Jesuits were essentially able to pursue their activities. Hideyoshi had written that:
1199:, in which he described Japanese life concerning the roles and duties of men and women, children, Japanese food, weapons, medicine, medical treatment, diseases, books, houses, gardens, horses, ships and cultural aspects of Japanese life like dances and music. Several decades later, when
1332:
The state of civil-war in Japan was also highly beneficial to the
Portuguese, as each competing lord sought to attract trade to their domains by offering better conditions. In 1571, the fishing village of Nagasaki became the definitive anchorage of the Portuguese and in 1580, its lord,
1904:
techniques to improve the effectiveness of their guns and even developed larger caliber barrels and ammunition to increase lethality. Barely fifty years later, Japanese armies dwarfed any contemporary
European army in the use of guns. The daimyo who initiated the unification of Japan,
2107:
in 1549, Catholicism progressively developed as a major religious force in Japan. Although the tolerance of
Western "padres" was initially linked to trade, Catholics could claim around 200,000 converts by the end of the 16th century, mainly located in the southern island of
2784:(ćéæŽæ "Japanese spirit Western talent"), implying that, although technology may be more advanced in the West, Japanese spirit is better than the West's. Hence though the West may be lacking, it has its strong points, which takes the affront out of calling it "barbarian."
1345:"in perpetuity". The city subsequently evolved from an unimportant fishing village to a prosperous and cosmopolitan community, the entirety of which was Christian. In time, the city would be graced with a painting school, a hospital, a charitable institution (the
2137:
2. For the padres to come to Japan and convert people to their creed, destroying Shinto and
Buddhist temples to this end, is a hitherto unseen and unheard-of thing ... to stir the canaille to commit outrages of this sort is something deserving of severe
1438:
In the 16th century, large junks belonging to private owners from Macau often accompanied the great ship to Japan, about two or three; these could reach about 400 or 500 tons burden. After 1618, the Portuguese switched to using smaller and more maneuverable
1314:, with authority over any Portuguese subjects in China or Japan while he was in port, and the right to sell his post, should he lack the necessary funds to undertake the enterprise. He could charter a royal vessel or purchase his own, at about 40,000
2725:, the æ±ć€· (DĆngyĂ) "Eastern Barbarians" called "TĆi" (it includes Japan itself), ćèź (NĂĄnmĂĄn) "Southern Barbarians" called "Nanban", è„żæ (XÄ«rĂłng) "Western Barbarians" called "Sei-JĆ«", and BÄidĂ ćç "Northern Barbarians" called "Hoku-Teki". Although
1673:
by Tokugawa Ieyasu, to invite Dutch trade to Japan. The head of the Pattani Dutch trading post, Victor Sprinckel, refused on the ground that he was too busy dealing with Portuguese opposition in Southeast Asia. In 1609 however, the Dutchman
1237:'s accounts of gilded temples and palaces, but also to the relative abundance of surface ores characteristic of a volcanic country, before large-scale deep-mining became possible in Industrial times. Japan was to become a major exporter of
1553:
1545:
Japanese and other Asians captured in battle were also sold by their compatriots to the Portuguese as slaves, but the Japanese would also sell family members they could not afford to sustain because of the civil-war. According to Prof.
1175:, and the king is more powerful and greater and is not given to trading, nor are his subjects. He is a heathen king, a vassal of the king of China. They do not often trade in China because it is far off and they have no
1407:
rather than European pine, and their build quality became renowned; the Spanish in Manila favoured Portuguese-built vessels, and commented that they were not only cheaper than their own, but "lasted ten times as long".
3816:
2593:
The "barbarians" would come back 250 years later, strengthened by industrialization, and end Japan's isolation with the forcible opening of Japan to trade by an American military fleet under the command of Commodore
2148:
2748:
means "Portuguese or Spanish" who were the most popular western foreigners in Japan, while other western people were sometimes called "çŽ
æŻäșș" (KĆ-mĆjin) "red-haired people" but KĆ-mĆjin was not as widespread as
2276:(ćèźæç) refers to dishes that use ingredients introduced by the Portuguese and Spanish, such as Spanish pepper, winter onion, corn or pumpkin, as well as methods of preparation such as deep-frying (e.g.
1229:
and daggers cut so well that they can cut a soft paper just by putting it on the edge and by blowing on it." ("Relations of Mme de St Tropez", October 1615, BibliothĂšque Inguimbertine, Carpentras).
2791:" is only used in a historical context, and is essentially felt as picturesque and affectionate. It can sometimes be used jokingly to refer to Western people or civilization in a cultured manner.
1297:, and the year after the first Portuguese landfall in Japan, trade commenced between Malacca, China, and Japan. The Chinese Emperor had decreed an embargo against Japan as a result of piratical
1218:
the size of a hand, which they never use twice, so that they throw them on the ground after usage, and they were delighted to see our people around them precipitate themselves to pick them up."
1151:
They eat with their fingers instead of with chopsticks such as we use. They show their feelings without any self-control. They cannot understand the meaning of written characters. (from Boxer,
5414:
1301:
raids against China â consequently, Chinese goods were in scarce supply in Japan and so, the Portuguese found a lucrative opportunity to act as middlemen between the two realms.
5339:
4469:
2562:
In 1639, trade with Portugal was definitively prohibited and the Netherlands became the only European nation to be allowed in Japan. By 1650, except for the trade outpost of
1203:
became the first Japanese official arriving in Europe, his presence, habits and cultural mannerisms gave rise to many picturesque descriptions circulating among the public:
2729:
just meant Southeast Asia during the Sengoku and Edo periods, through time the word turned into the meaning "Western person", and "from Nanban" means "Exotic and Curious".
5394:
5314:
3358:, or "maritime restrictions", more accurately reflecting the booming trade that continued during this period and the fact that Japan was far from "closed" or "secluded."
4202:
2765:. Japan later decided to Westernize radically in order to better resist the West and essentially stopped considering the West as fundamentally uncivilized. Words like "
2798:
is used exclusively to refer to a certain style and that is cooking and the names of dishes. Nanban dishes are not American or European, but an odd variety not using
2590:
for export through the Chinese and Dutch. The trade dwindled under renewed Chinese competition by the 1740s, before resuming after the opening of Japan in the 1850s.
2438:
2709:
took a new meaning when it came to designate the early Portuguese who first arrived in 1543, and later extended to other Europeans that arrived in Japan. The term
1375:
1620:
Portuguese because Portugal had privileged access to Chinese markets and investors through Macau. The Portuguese were only definitively banned in 1638 after the
1872:
claimed to have arrived on this ship as well, but this is in direct conflict with other data he presents), arriving on a Chinese ship at the southern island of
5052:
2400:", multi-part screens on which two motifs dominate: (a) the arrival of a Portuguese ship and (b) the procession of the landed foreigners through the port city.
1574:
269:
1483:
5419:
2442:
840:
780:
1542:
attracted European aristocrats and missionaries from Europe, and western style chests and church furniture were exported in response to their requests.
1193:
Tratado em que se contĂȘm muito sucinta e abreviadamente algumas contradiçÔes e diferenças de costumes entre a gente de Europa e esta provĂncia de JapĂŁo
5126:
1259:
Early European visitors noted the quality of Japanese craftsmanship and metalsmithing. The later sources, most notably those written after the end of
543:
4462:
1304:
Trade with Japan was initially open to any, but in 1550, the Portuguese Crown monopolized the rights to trade with Japan. Henceforth, once a year a
4648:
5389:
3305:
2079:
1249:
5252:
2810:. This is because when Portuguese and Spanish dishes were imported into Japan, dishes from Macau and other parts of China were imported as well.
2262:(ćèźç») designates the numerous pictorial representations that were made of the new foreigners and defines a whole style category in Japanese art.
1573:
countrymen starting in 1587 and it was suppressed shortly thereafter. However, Hideyoshi later sold Korean prisoners of war captured during the
52:
5399:
5319:
5209:
2132:"1. Japan is a country of the Gods, and for the padres to come hither and preach a devilish law, is a reprehensible and devilish thing ...
5404:
5324:
4447:
4282:
4263:
4054:
3986:
3952:
3874:
1616:(VOC) (6,500,000 guilders). VOC profits in all of Asia amounted to "just" about 1,200,000 guilders, all its assets worth 9,500,000 guilders.
790:
715:
615:
5219:
5214:
1604:
in profits upon returning. The value of Portuguese exports from Nagasaki during the 16th century were estimated to ascend to over 1,000,000
5309:
5305:
5300:
4421:
1248:
Japan was also noted for its comparable or even exceptional levels of population and urbanization relative to the nations of the West (see
5295:
5164:
4455:
3031:
2178:
236:
5131:
5000:
4880:
2503:(ă·ăŁăăł, from sabĂŁo, soap). Some things from the New World came to Japan along with their names via the Portuguese and Spanish, such as:
2447:
The intensive exchange with the âsouthern barbariansâ did not remain without influence on the Japanese vocabulary. Some loanwords from
1689:
and Spanish shipping in the Pacific, and ultimately became the only westerners to be allowed access to Japan from the small enclave of
3140:
2053:
393:
368:
5116:
4940:
4653:
3315:
1884:" (éç Č "Iron cannon") for around 270 years before the arrival of the Portuguese. In comparison, the Portuguese guns were light, had a
5334:
5106:
4389:
4339:
4326:
4300:
4149:
4020:
3840:
3477:
3049:
2663:
1659:
1593:
620:
5057:
4809:
4572:
3015:
1931:
3119:
Japanese to Portuguese dictionary is published by Jesuits in Nagasaki, containing entries for 32,293 Japanese words in Portuguese.
5379:
5344:
5204:
4442:
2048:
By the beginning of the 17th century, the shogunate had built, usually with the help of foreign experts, several ships of purely
979:
738:
451:
5111:
5026:
4960:
4819:
4799:
4784:
4679:
3320:
5384:
3864:
3830:
5062:
4955:
4724:
4699:
4689:
4552:
1880:
weaponry (invented by, and transmitted from China), and had been using basic Chinese originated guns and cannon tubes called "
418:
5374:
5369:
4190:
2641:
2181:(6 Franciscans, 17 of their Japanese neophytes, and 3 Japanese Jesuit lay brothers â included by mistake) being crucified in
833:
498:
5016:
4945:
4824:
4814:
4794:
4739:
4663:
4588:
456:
2011:) were also quite influential in the Japanese shipbuilding industry and actually stimulated many Japanese ventures abroad.
5409:
2637:
1347:
1322:
705:
4970:
4915:
4834:
4789:
4769:
4764:
4759:
4714:
4638:
4618:
4593:
4542:
4532:
4527:
3330:
5136:
2846:
1737:
The Japanese were introduced to several new technologies and cultural practices (so were the Europeans to Japanese, see
814:
804:
748:
733:
690:
5121:
4995:
4925:
4920:
4910:
4900:
4890:
4885:
4875:
4870:
4865:
4860:
4844:
4774:
4729:
4694:
4684:
4658:
4628:
4598:
4567:
4562:
4557:
4517:
4443:
2005 International Coin Design Competition, Jury's Special Award â "The Meeting of Cultures" by Vitor Santos (Portugal)
4416:
3492:
5329:
5224:
5189:
2543:
2301:
2270:(ćèźćĄă) describes lacquers decorated in the Portuguese style, which were very popular items from the late 16th century.
680:
648:
578:
4990:
4980:
4975:
4965:
4935:
4905:
4895:
4839:
4829:
4749:
4709:
4704:
4633:
4608:
4603:
4522:
2626:
1580:
The overall profits from the Japan trade, carried on through the black ship, was estimated to ascend to over 600,000
257:
1256:
even writing that the Japanese "excel not only all the other Oriental peoples, they surpass the Europeans as well".
4485:
3787:
3289:
3285:
1639 â Definitive prohibition of trade with Portugal as result of Shimabara Rebellion blamed on Catholic intrigues.
3125:
2937:
2481:(ăă«ăĄă, from marmelo, quince), etc. Some words are now only used in scientific texts or in historical context, e.g.
2173:
1888:
firing mechanism, and were easy to aim. Because the Portuguese-made firearms were introduced into Tanegashima, the
1569:
1562:
785:
643:
398:
5036:
5031:
4985:
4950:
4930:
4804:
4779:
4734:
4719:
4613:
4547:
4537:
3325:
2645:
2630:
2575:
1589:
826:
760:
743:
695:
573:
528:
483:
423:
203:
165:
36:
5021:
4754:
4744:
4643:
4623:
5199:
5184:
2688:
1964:
1613:
605:
523:
488:
446:
1310:
was awarded the rights for a single trade venture to Japan with considerable privileges, such as the title of
548:
363:
5262:
2355:
1144:
725:
378:
2718:
2409:
1263:, also report Japanese blades and swords in general as good quality weapons with a notable artistic value.
3241:
3101:
2820:
1978:
1869:
1496:
1006:
765:
533:
325:
5257:
5194:
4332:
The Origins of Japanese Trade Supremacy. Development and Technology in Asia from 1540 to the Pacific War
3200:
3078:
2434:
2075:
1696:
383:
2555:
in 1603 however, Japan progressively closed itself to the outside world, mainly because of the rise of
1608:, reaching as many as 3,000,000 in 1637. The Dutch estimated this was the equivalent of some 6,100,000
982:(982â1032 for the extant portion), pillaged a wide area of KyĆ«shĆ« in 997. In response, Dazaifu ordered
2806:
but rather curry powder and vinegar as their flavoring, a characteristic derived from Indo-Portuguese
1233:
Renaissance Europeans were quite fond of Japan's immense richness in precious metals, mainly owing to
3504:
3060:
2997:
with three other Japanese, accompanied by a Jesuit father. He was the first Japanese envoy to Europe.
2949:
2882:
2579:
1826:. Other traded goods brought by Europeans to Japan were clocks, soap, tobacco, among other products.
1539:
1488:
1400:
1318:. His ship would set sail from Goa, called at Malacca and China before proceeding to Japan and back.
1253:
967:
508:
413:
274:
170:
77:
3450:
First European Description of Life in Japan // 1585 'Striking Contrasts' Luis Frois â Primary Source
1073:
4365:
4249:
4235:
4221:
3914:
3279:
2912:
2515:
of the Caribbean). Some terms only known to experts today only became extinct in the 19th century:
2448:
2421:
2206:
2156:
1909:
1621:
1440:
1338:
1102:
558:
513:
478:
388:
2321:"(ăăčă±ăă), etc. These "Southern barbarian" sweets are on sale in many Japanese supermarkets today.
2294:) is a variety of sweets derived from Portuguese or Spanish recipes. The most popular sweets are "
3923:
3207:
3166:
3083:
3039:
3001:
2583:
2359:
2291:
2251:
2182:
2123:
1969:
1923:
1368:
1294:
1200:
1119:
1081:, 1817. Caption: "On August 25, 1543, these foreigners were cast upon the island of Tanegashima,
1046:
720:
553:
408:
305:
300:
1526:; European manufactured items such as Flemish clocks and Venetian glass and Portuguese wine and
1383:
Among the vessels involved in the trade linking Goa and Japan, the most famous were Portuguese
1057:
policies that increasingly isolated Japan from the outside world and limited European trade to
4403:
4385:
4335:
4322:
4296:
4278:
4259:
4186:
4145:
4050:
4016:
4010:
3982:
3948:
3870:
3836:
3473:
3406:
3261:, Siam, by a Spanish fleet. Portuguese trade in Japan is prohibited for 3 years as a reprisal.
3152:
2983:
2919:
2901:
2512:
2376:(ćèźæŒŹ) is a dish of fried fish marinated in vinegar, thought to be derived from the Portuguese
2240:) designates a type of cuirass covering the trunk in one piece, a design imported from Europe.
2210:
2198:
1893:
1853:
1835:
1766:
1561:
and mother-of-pearl inlay cabinet that was exported from Japan to Europe in the 16th century.
1082:
1050:
1018:
770:
753:
700:
685:
373:
335:
213:
4044:
3976:
1678:
arrived with two ships in Hirado, and through Adams obtained trading privileges from Ieyasu.
3396:
3268:
3258:
2956:
2930:
2853:
2595:
1492:
1432:
1326:
897:
809:
320:
229:
44:
2875:
1196:
5267:
5094:
4404:
The Wakasa tale: an episode occurred when guns were introduced in Japan, F. A. B. Coutinho
3716:
3219:
3193:
3148:
3064:
3004:
issues a document declaring the expulsion of Portuguese missionaries and freedom of trade.
2732:
2714:
2552:
2363:
2231:
2190:
2042:
2034:
1927:
1725:
1670:
1461:
1215:
710:
518:
503:
493:
403:
191:
2193:'s firm interdiction of Christianity in 1614, which led to underground activities by the
1865:
1094:
198:
89:
1876:
where they introduced hand-held guns for trade. The Japanese were already familiar with
1650:(Jp: çŽ
æŻ, lit. "Red Hair") by the Japanese, first arrived in Japan in 1600, on board the
5169:
5080:
3335:
3073:
3022:
2835:
2702:
2452:
2335:
2237:
2202:
2104:
2015:
1943:
1913:
1897:
1714:
1585:
1477:
1392:
1388:
1359:
1334:
1170:
1010:
948:
940:
936:
775:
310:
241:
2578:
increased greatly when civil war put the main Chinese center of porcelain production,
2358:
established this church in 1576. Eleven years later (1587), Nanbanji was destroyed by
2254:) generally describes Japanese art with Nanban themes or influenced by Nanban designs.
1864:. The first two Europeans to reach Japan in the year 1543 were the Portuguese traders
1860:
One of the many things that the Japanese were interested in were Portuguese hand-held
951:
centuries prior to the arrival of the first Europeans. For instance, according to the
5363:
4049:. Asia: Local Studies / Global Themes. Vol. 21. University of California Press.
3109:
3105:
2990:
2963:
2860:
1985:
1922:(Shadow Warrior). Guns were also strongly instrumental in the unification efforts of
1762:
1730:
1675:
1609:
1480:. The Portuguese also exported surplus silk from Macau to Goa and Europe via Manila.
1428:
1184:
1140:
1139:
in 1543, the Japanese were at first rather wary of the newly arrived foreigners. The
975:
953:
568:
563:
439:
4165:
1840:
1323:
negotiated with Chinese authorities the re-legalization of Portuguese trade in China
4498:
4178:
2807:
2762:
2722:
2556:
2417:
2347:
2343:
2209:
in 1637. Thereafter, Catholicism in Japan was driven underground as the so-called "
2161:
2059:
2014:
The Shogunate established a system of commercial ventures on licensed ships called
1905:
1758:
1396:
1290:
1282:
1272:
1058:
1034:
944:
911:
600:
158:
130:
116:
102:
17:
4348:, translated by Ronald K. Jones, Weatherhill/Heibonsha, New York & Tokyo, 1972
3817:«The rarely, if ever, told story of Japanese sold as slaves by Portuguese traders»
3509:
Historia del Principio y Progreso de la CompañĂa de JesĂșs en las Indias Orientales
2868:
2109:
2089:
471:
208:
4408:
4253:
4239:
4225:
3942:
1502:
Nonetheless, numerous other items were also transactioned, such as gold, Chinese
3234:
3116:
3035:
2824:
2615:
2306:
2084:
1873:
1800:
1682:
1639:
1547:
1535:
1469:
1424:
1176:
1136:
1014:
974:, reported that the Nanban (southern barbarian) pirates, who were identified as
538:
144:
1191:
The first comprehensive and systematic report of a European about Japan is the
1143:
was quite strong, especially because Europeans were not able to understand the
1109:
4438:
4241:
The Great Ship from Amacon â Annals of Macau and the old Japan trade 1555â1640
3544:
3523:
3448:
3310:
3215:
1623 â The English close their factory at Hirado, because of unprofitability.
2970:
2926:
2864:
2698:
2571:
2491:
2412:) is a dish of fried battered chicken dipped in a vinegary sauce derived from
2371:
2245:
2071:
1953:
1277:
1234:
1208:
1042:
610:
593:
340:
289:
175:
4046:
Selling Women: Prostitution, Markets, and the Household in Early Modern Japan
3546:
Katana vs Sabre: More European accounts of Japanese swords and sword fighting
3410:
1624:, on the grounds that they smuggled priests into Japan aboard their vessels.
4427:
3401:
3384:
2839:
2799:
2377:
1918:
1885:
1877:
1738:
1503:
1472:
estimated that Portuguese investment at Canton ascended to 1,500,000 silver
1022:
983:
901:
636:
356:
330:
2897:
2582:, out of action for several decades. For the rest of the 17th century most
1245:
during the period. At its peak, 1/3 of the world's silver came from Japan.
1896:
in Japan. At that time, Japan was in the middle of a civil war called the
3947:(illustrated, reprint ed.). Columbia University Press. p. 144.
3832:
Africana: The Encyclopedia of the African and African American Experience
3227:
3170:
2905:
2828:
2567:
2296:
2113:
1989:
1889:
1845:
1794:
1770:
1742:
1705:
1686:
1515:
1404:
1384:
1222:
1132:
1003:
4376:
They came to Japan, an anthology of European reports on Japan, 1543â1640
3927:
2186:
hundred churches were destroyed, most of the Jesuits remained in Japan.
3295:
1641 â The Dutch trading factory is moved from Hirado to Dejima island.
3186:
3179:
2974:
2885:, the first recorded naval clash between the Europeans and the Japanese
2758:
2721:
in the 3rd century in China. Pronunciation of the Chinese Character is
2508:
2317:
2285:
2277:
2194:
2169:
2120:
2008:
1960:
1908:, made extensive use of guns (arquebus) when playing a key role in the
1849:
1822:
1778:
1774:
1754:
1750:
1710:
1633:
1531:
1527:
1511:
1465:
1444:
1364:
1342:
1315:
1306:
1115:
1078:
1030:
2168:
Hideyoshi's reaction to Christianity proved stronger when the Spanish
2112:. The Jesuits managed to obtain jurisdiction over the trading city of
1049:
which feared the influence of Christianity in Japan, particularly the
5179:
3779:
3272:
3132:
3094:
2994:
2946:
2889:
2754:
2693:
2587:
2563:
2469:
2351:
2101:
1997:
1993:
1746:
1690:
1558:
1523:
1519:
1391:. Many of these were built at the royal Indo-Portuguese shipyards at
1260:
1242:
1238:
1226:
1062:
1026:
971:
931:
906:
315:
4412:, Olof G. Lidin, Nordic Institute of Asian Studies, NIAS Press, 2002
2676:
1169:, according to what all the Chinese say, is larger than that of the
4480:
4293:
Giving Up the Gun : Japan's Reversion to the Sword, 1543â1879
4144:(in French). Paris: Presses Universitaires de France. p. 72.
3257:
1628 â Destruction of Takagi Sakuemon's (é«æšäœćłèĄé) Red Seal ship in
3011:
2731:
2675:
2542:
2155:
2147:
2083:
1839:
1695:
1552:
1482:
1457:
1435:'s black warships that reopened Japan to the wider world in 1853.
1431:
for water-tightening, and later the name was extended to refer to
1374:
1358:
1298:
1276:
1108:
1072:
3223:
3156:
2803:
2737:
2096:
Church, established by Jesuits in 1576 and destroyed 1587, Japan
2038:
1792:, "southern barbarian confectionery", with confectioneries like
1507:
1473:
5284:
5241:
5153:
5092:
4496:
4451:
1538:
or weapons (as purely exotic items to be displayed in Europe).
1427:", on account of the colour of their hulls, painted black with
1252:), and some Europeans became quite fascinated with Japan, with
3869:(illustrated ed.). Oxford University Press. p. 187.
3835:(illustrated ed.). Oxford University Press. p. 479.
3275:
is built to constrain Portuguese merchants living in Nagasaki.
3090:
2609:
1861:
4378:, ed. by Michael Cooper, University of California press, 1995
3472:(in French). Paris: DĂ©couvertes Gallimard. pp. 114â116.
3385:"ć€Șç°æ·ł èăèżäžæ±ćăąăžăąäžçăźć€ćźčââă°ăăŒăă«ç”æžăšăžăŁăŻćł¶ć°ć瀟äŒăćć€ć±ć€§ćŠćșçäŒ 2014ćčŽ ixïŒ505é "
3144:
near Nagasaki, leading to a 2-year hiatus in Portuguese trade
2856:
by the Portuguese. Dispatch of annual trading ships to Japan.
4384:, ed. by Michael Cooper, London: The Hakluyt Society, 2001 (
3829:
Appiah, Kwame Anthony; Gates, Henry Louis Jr., eds. (2005).
2955:
1580 â Ćmura Sumitada cedes Nagasaki "in perpetuity" to the
4432:
3912:
Nelson, Thomas (Winter 2004). "Slavery in Medieval Japan".
1207:"They never touch food with their fingers, but instead use
1464:
and Portuguese, amounting to about 18 â 20 tons in silver
2849:
builds the first hospital, with Western medicine, in Ćita
2362:. Currently, the bell is preserved as "Nanbanji-no-kane"
1703:
ships arriving for trade in Japan. 16th-century six-fold
3249:
1624 â Interruption of diplomatic relations with Spain.
4099:
4097:
3616:
3614:
3577:
3575:
2574:. But not long after, in the 1650s, the production of
1612:, almost as much as the entire founding capital of the
3675:
3673:
3671:
3658:
3656:
3643:
3641:
3562:
3560:
2058:, which crossed the Pacific two times on embassies to
1337:, the first Japanese lord to convert to Christianity,
4334:, Christopher Howe, The University of Chicago Press.
3726:
3724:
57:
Cultural exchange between the Portuguese and Japanese
4244:. Lisbon: Centro de Estudos HistĂłricos Ultramarinos.
3124:
1605 â Two of William Adams's shipmates are sent to
2424:
in the 1960s, it is now widely popular across Japan.
1584:, according to various contemporary authors such as
1289:
Ever since 1514 that the Portuguese had traded with
5045:
5009:
4853:
4672:
4581:
4510:
4382:
JoĂŁo Rodrigues's Account of Sixteenth-Century Japan
4372:, 2ÂȘ ed., Parceria A. M. Pereira Ltda, Lisboa, 1972
3128:
by Tokugawa Ieyasu, to invite Dutch trade to Japan.
2904:assists the Portuguese in establishing the port of
2680:
NanbandĆ, a Portuguese style cuirass, 16th century.
1053:of the Portuguese. The Tokugawa issued a series of
3863:Appiah, Anthony; Gates, Henry Louis, eds. (2010).
3162:1613 â England opens a trading factory in Hirado.
2485:(ă€ă«ăăł, from irmĂŁo, brother in a Christian order),
2177:was wrecked in Japan in 1597. The incident led to
2041:, or later became Japanese popular icons, such as
1685:also engaged in piracy and naval combat to weaken
3525:Japanese 'Samurai' Swords in Period European Eyes
3226:to Japan, with an Ambassador of the Siamese king
2780:Still, the exact principle of westernization was
4360:O impacto portuguĂȘs sobre a civilização japonesa
3252:â Japanese Jesuits start to proselytise in Siam.
3185:1615 â Japanese Jesuits start to proselytise in
2152:Saint Mary of the Snows hanging scroll (c. 1600)
3354:Frequently referred to today in scholarship as
2819:1543 â Portuguese sailors (among them possibly
2439:Glossary of Japanese words of Portuguese origin
2026:
1163:
1149:
1002:trade as a form of European contact began with
935:, which had been used to designate people from
889:
867:
5415:Portuguese exploration in the Age of Discovery
3907:
3905:
2551:After the country was pacified and unified by
2333:
2225:The Nanban also had various other influences:
2020:
1785:
1411:The Portuguese referred to this vessel as the
988:
959:
922:
883:
861:
4463:
4362:, PublicaçÔes Dom Quixote, Lisboa, 1970, 1988
4275:Legacies of slavery: comparative perspectives
1596:. A captain-major who invested at Goa 20,000
834:
8:
4012:Tanegashima â The Arrival of Europe in Japan
2918:1576 â Japan's first cannon is presented to
2773:" (æŹ§ç±łéąš "European-American style") replaced "
2473:(ă«ă«ăż, from cartas de jogar, playing cards),
1491:produced and exported at the request of the
1447:, to avoid interception from Dutch raiders.
1419:("trade carrack"); the Japanese dubbed them
1037:to Japan, among other cultural aspects. The
1017:with Japan. The resulting technological and
4410:Tanegashima: the arrival of Europe in Japan
4353:Choque luso no Japão dos séculos XVI e XVII
4183:Sotheby's Concise Encyclopedia of Porcelain
3819:. The Japan Times (Arq. em WayBack Machine)
3131:1609 â The Dutch open a trading factory in
2871:castle of Moji with three Portuguese ships.
2644:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
1777:and European-style confectionery, creating
1693:after 1639 and for the next two centuries.
5281:
5238:
5150:
5089:
4507:
4493:
4470:
4456:
4448:
3978:Nature and Origins of Japanese Imperialism
2740:depicting Nanban foreigners, 17th century.
2443:Glossary of Japanese words of Dutch origin
2310:" (éćčłçł ăăășăăšă), from the Portuguese word "
1325:, which was followed by the foundation of
841:
827:
31:
5395:History of the foreign relations of Japan
4321:, Mitsuo Kure, Tuttle Publishing, Tokyo.
4203:"E-Museum - Nanban (Western style) Armor"
3400:
2697:, originally referring to the peoples of
2664:Learn how and when to remove this message
2499:(ă©ă·ăŁ, from raxa, type of cotton fabric),
1765:, language (integration to Japanese of a
929:is a Japanese word borrowed from Chinese
4227:The Christian Century in Japan 1549â1650
3468:Marcouin, Francis; Omoto, Keiko (1990).
3233:â Prohibition of trade with the Spanish
3199:1622 â Mass martyrdom of 55 Christians (
3182:from Japan. Prohibition of Christianity.
2888:1570 â Japanese pirates occupy parts of
2519:(ăă«ăăŹă«æČč, Portugal oil, i.e. olive oil),
1724:
1495:. AzuchiâMomoyama period, 16th century,
3376:
3347:
3306:History of the Catholic Church in Japan
3076:warships attack the Portuguese carrack
2080:History of the Catholic Church in Japan
1662:, the first Englishman to reach Japan.
1575:Japanese invasions of Korea (1592â1598)
1321:In 1554, captain-major Leonel de Sousa
1250:List of countries by population in 1600
1013:and established long-distance overseas
43:
5210:Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere
4273:Dias, Maria Suzette Fernandes (2007),
3790:from the original on 25 December 2019.
3423:
2925:1577 â First Japanese ships travel to
2915:, where firearms are used extensively.
1379:Portuguese traders landing in Nagasaki
1122:in Rome in 1615 (Coll. Borghese, Rome)
1007:explorers, missionaries, and merchants
4295:. Boston: David R. Godine Publisher.
4127:
4115:
4103:
4088:
4076:
3811:
3809:
3800:
3766:
3754:
3742:
3730:
3715:The dollar or yuan is 0.72 tael; see
3703:
3691:
3679:
3662:
3647:
3632:
3620:
3605:
3593:
3581:
3566:
3435:
3292:its 60-year dynastic union with Spain
1741:), whether in the military area (the
1600:to this venture could expect 150,000
7:
3896:
2867:unsuccessfully attempt to seize the
2642:adding citations to reliable sources
2477:(ăă©ăčăł, from frasco, flask, bottle),
2000:and aft designs with 6 to 8 cannons.
1721:Technological and cultural exchanges
1514:; Arabian horses, Bengal tigers and
1312:captain-major of the voyage to Japan
1267:Portuguese trade in the 16th century
1147:nor accustomed to using chopsticks.
894:, "Southern barbarian trade period")
27:1543â1614 period of Japanese history
4185:, pp. 71-78, 1990, Conran Octopus.
3389:Southeast Asia: History and Culture
3045:1598 â Death of Toyotomi Hideyoshi.
2531:(ăŠăłă°ăšăłă, from unguento, ointment).
2523:(ăăłăż, from vinho tinto, red wine),
2495:(ăăȘă·ăżăł, from christĂŁo, Christian),
2346:church in Kyoto. With support from
1658:" meaning "love"). Their pilot was
1211:that they hold with three fingers."
5253:JapanâKorea Joint Development Zone
4428:Japanese Art and Western Influence
4255:Fidalgos on the Far-East 1550â1770
3264:1632 â Death of Tokugawa Hidetada.
3007:1588 â Hideyoshi prohibits piracy.
2527:(ăšăłăă©ăčă, from emprasto, plaster),
25:
5420:Portuguese non-fiction literature
4277:, Cambridge Scholars Publishing,
4230:. University of California Press.
3922:(4). Sophia University: 463â492.
3780:"Urushi once attracted the world"
1530:; in return for Japanese copper,
5345:Pacific Alliance Leaders Meeting
5205:Foreign relations of Meiji Japan
5079:
4479:
3941:Kitagawa, Joseph Mitsuo (2013).
3866:Encyclopedia of Africa, Volume 1
3815:Hoffman, Michael (26 May 2013).
3470:Quand le Japon s'ouvrit au monde
2986:to Europe departs from Nagasaki.
2962:â Spain and Portugal enter in a
2892:, from where they prey on China.
2614:
2463:(怩ă·ă, from tempero, seasoning),
2100:With the arrival of the leading
1977:
1952:
51:
3522:Easton, Matt (3 October 2018).
3173:and Europe. He returns in 1620.
3100:â Establishment of the English
2753:. In China, "çŽ
æŻ" is pronounced
2489:(ă«ăăżăł, from capitĂŁo, captain),
1329:in 1557 to support this trade.
970:, the administrative center of
5390:History of international trade
3543:Easton, Matt (17 April 2017).
3240:â Martyrdom of 50 Christians (
3169:leaves for his embassy to the
2691:derived from the Chinese term
2197:and to their participation in
2142:The Christian Century in Japan
1518:; fine Indian scarlet cloths,
1127:Japanese accounts of Europeans
1077:First Westerners in Japan, by
1:
5400:Japan in non-Japanese culture
3717:yuan (currency)#Early history
3316:JapaneseâPortuguese conflicts
3230:. He returns to Siam in 1626.
2761:and is a racist word against
1577:as slaves to the Portuguese.
1403:, out of high-quality Indian
1179:, nor are they seafaring men.
1085:", followed by the two names
1021:included the introduction of
872:, "Southern barbarian trade")
5306:Diplomatic missions of Japan
5301:Minister for Foreign Affairs
4370:Relance da histĂłria do JapĂŁo
3944:Religion in Japanese History
2842:and introduces Christianity.
2769:" (æŽéąš "western style") and "
2119:The first reaction from the
2052:design, such as the galleon
1041:trade declined in the early
5296:Ministry of Foreign Affairs
5190:Japanese missions to Joseon
4258:. Oxford University Press.
3321:Japan-Netherlands relations
3267:1634 â On orders of shĆgun
2467:(ăăżăł, from botĂŁo, button),
2455:have survived to this day:
2027:
1131:Following contact with the
890:
868:
5436:
5165:Missions to Imperial China
4486:Foreign relations of Japan
4015:. Routledge. p. 170.
3138:1610 â Destruction of the
3032:Martyrdom of 26 Christians
2432:
2069:
1941:
1833:
1733:in the early 17th century.
1631:
1570:King Sebastian of Portugal
1563:Metropolitan Museum of Art
1270:
1214:"They blow their noses in
1160:European accounts of Japan
5291:
5280:
5248:
5237:
5160:
5149:
5102:
5088:
5077:
4506:
4492:
4358:Armando Martins Janeira,
3981:. Routledge. p. 37.
3021:â First known mention of
3018:with an army of 160.000.
2713:has its origins from the
2576:Japanese export porcelain
2398:outhern Barbarian screens
2334:
2189:The final blow came with
2021:
1992:Western-style square and
1900:(Warring States period).
1786:
1753:, European ships such as
1590:Jan Huygen van Linschoten
1061:traders on the island of
1033:-style shipbuilding, and
989:
960:
923:
884:
862:
394:Invasion of Taiwan (1895)
369:Invasion of Taiwan (1874)
5405:JapanâPortugal relations
5200:Ryukyuan missions to Edo
5185:Joseon missions to Japan
4166:"Chicken Nanban (ăăăłćèź)"
3493:Iwami Ginzan Silver Mine
3457:. YouTube. 7 March 2020.
3331:Japan-Portugal relations
3271:, the artificial island
3178:1614 â Expulsion of the
3089:1603 â Establishment of
2852:1557 â Establishment of
1959:The Japanese-built 1613
1614:Dutch East India Company
1460:(Japanese and Chinese),
1351:) and a Jesuit college.
1261:Japan's isolation period
606:Great Hanshin earthquake
524:Second Sino-Japanese War
5380:Economy of feudal Japan
5268:Senkaku Islands dispute
5263:Liancourt Rocks dispute
4346:The Namban Art of Japan
4009:Lidin, Olof G. (2002).
3975:Calman, Donald (2013).
3402:10.5512/sea.2016.45_164
2794:There is an area where
2547:Armor in European style
2459:(ăăł, from pĂŁo, bread),
2390:), i.e . the Dutch one.
2356:Gnecchi-Soldo Organtino
2314:" ("sugar candy"), and
2092:, made in Portugal for
1868:and Francisco Zeimoto (
1713:and gilded screen), by
1468:. The English merchant
1145:Japanese writing system
927:, "Southern barbarian")
452:Intervention in Siberia
379:First Sino-Japanese War
5385:Foreign trade of Japan
5315:Development assistance
4417:Nanban folding screens
3282:by Christian peasants.
3141:Nossa Senhora da Graça
3102:factory (trading post)
2741:
2705:. The Japanese use of
2681:
2548:
2300:" (ă«ăčăă©), named after
2165:
2153:
2097:
1892:was ultimately called
1857:
1734:
1717:
1565:
1499:
1497:Kyushu National Museum
1415:("silver carrack") or
1380:
1372:
1286:
1189:
1157:
1123:
1106:
995:to arrest the Nanban.
781:Science and technology
534:Attack on Pearl Harbor
457:Great KantĆ earthquake
399:Colonization of Taiwan
326:Convention of Kanagawa
166:Former Nine Years' War
109:1000 BC – 300 AD
95:14,000 – 1000 BC
5375:17th century in Japan
5370:16th century in Japan
5258:Kuril Islands dispute
5195:Dutch missions to Edo
4291:Perrin, Noel (1979).
4043:Stanley, Amy (2012).
3505:Valignano, Alessandro
3395:(45): 164â167. 2016.
3326:Japan-Spain relations
3201:Great Genna Martyrdom
3010:1592 â Japan invades
2973:from Japan escape to
2735:
2679:
2546:
2435:Loanwords in Japanese
2179:twenty-six Christians
2159:
2151:
2087:
2076:Christianity in Japan
1843:
1728:
1699:
1556:
1486:
1378:
1362:
1280:
1112:
1103:Portuguese equivalent
1076:
1045:with the rise of the
904:in 1543 to the first
499:Invasion of Manchuria
424:Colonization of Korea
384:Treaty of Shimonoseki
123:300 AD – 538 AD
5410:Jesuit Asia missions
5243:Territorial disputes
4435:the Bell of Nanbanji
4250:Boxer, Charles Ralph
4236:Boxer, Charles Ralph
4222:Boxer, Charles Ralph
4140:Vie, Michel (2004).
3784:Urushi Nation Joboji
3061:Battle of Sekigahara
2950:Alessandro Valignano
2883:Battle of Fukuda Bay
2638:improve this section
2602:Usages of the word "
2066:Catholicism in Japan
1930:, as well as in the
1769:) and culinary: the
1669:s crew were sent to
1665:In 1605, two of the
1540:Japanese lacquerware
1489:Japanese lacquerware
1254:Alessandro Valignano
910:Seclusion Edicts of
900:from the arrival of
896:was a period in the
791:World Heritage Sites
509:February 26 incident
414:Treaty of Portsmouth
275:Battle of Sekigahara
171:Later Three-Year War
4649:Trinidad and Tobago
4366:Wenceslau de Moraes
4344:Yoshitomo Okamoto,
3915:Monumenta Nipponica
3280:Shimabara Rebellion
3242:Great Edo Martyrdom
3063:unites Japan under
2913:Battle of Nagashino
2821:FernĂŁo Mendes Pinto
2744:Strictly speaking,
2507:(ăżăăł, from tabaco,
2429:Linguistic exchange
2207:Shimabara rebellion
1912:, as dramatised in
1910:Battle of Nagashino
1870:FernĂŁo Mendes Pinto
1642:, who, rather than
1622:Shimabara Rebellion
621:Imperial transition
559:Occupation of Japan
549:SovietâJapanese War
514:Anti-Comintern Pact
389:Triple Intervention
18:Nanban trade period
5330:Economic relations
5155:Diplomatic history
3455:Voices of the Past
3208:Hasekura Tsunenaga
3167:Hasekura Tsunenaga
3084:Portuguese Malacca
3048:1600 â Arrival of
3002:Toyotomi Hideyoshi
2777:" in most usages.
2742:
2719:HuaâYi distinction
2689:Sino-Japanese word
2682:
2586:production was in
2584:Japanese porcelain
2549:
2360:Toyotomi Hideyoshi
2166:
2154:
2098:
1972:, Japan (replica).
1934:in 1592 and 1597.
1932:invasions of Korea
1924:Toyotomi Hideyoshi
1858:
1767:Western vocabulary
1735:
1718:
1566:
1500:
1381:
1373:
1287:
1201:Hasekura Tsunenaga
1124:
1120:Hasekura Tsunenaga
1107:
1047:Tokugawa Shogunate
891:Nanban bĆeki jidai
681:Capital punishment
657:2019–present
579:Asset price bubble
554:Surrender of Japan
419:JapanâKorea Treaty
409:Russo-Japanese War
364:Ryƫkyƫ Disposition
306:Invasion of Ryukyu
301:Tokugawa shogunate
237:Nanboku-chĆ period
5357:
5356:
5353:
5352:
5276:
5275:
5233:
5232:
5145:
5144:
5075:
5074:
5071:
5070:
4284:978-1-84718-111-4
4265:978-0-19-638074-2
4142:Histoire du Japon
4056:978-0-520-95238-6
3988:978-1-134-91843-0
3954:978-0-231-51509-2
3876:978-0-19-533770-9
3551:Scola Gladiatoria
3530:Scola Gladiatoria
2952:arrives in Japan.
2940:arrives in Japan.
2878:arrives in Japan.
2827:and transmit the
2674:
2673:
2666:
2511:derived from the
2211:Hidden Christians
2201:'s revolt in the
2055:San Juan Bautista
1965:San Juan Bautista
1836:Firearms of Japan
1749:, European-style
1216:soft silky papers
1153:Christian Century
1051:Roman Catholicism
1019:cultural exchange
978:islanders by the
851:
850:
716:Foreign relations
661:
660:
649:Abe assassination
644:COVID-19 pandemic
616:TĆhoku earthquake
374:Satsuma Rebellion
336:Meiji Restoration
214:Kenmu Restoration
16:(Redirected from
5427:
5282:
5239:
5151:
5090:
5083:
4508:
4494:
4484:
4483:
4472:
4465:
4458:
4449:
4351:José Yamashiro,
4306:
4287:
4269:
4245:
4231:
4207:
4206:
4199:
4193:
4176:
4170:
4169:
4162:
4156:
4155:
4137:
4131:
4125:
4119:
4113:
4107:
4101:
4092:
4086:
4080:
4074:
4068:
4067:
4065:
4063:
4040:
4034:
4033:
4031:
4029:
4006:
4000:
3999:
3997:
3995:
3972:
3966:
3965:
3963:
3961:
3938:
3932:
3931:
3909:
3900:
3894:
3888:
3887:
3885:
3883:
3860:
3854:
3853:
3851:
3849:
3826:
3820:
3813:
3804:
3798:
3792:
3791:
3776:
3770:
3764:
3758:
3752:
3746:
3740:
3734:
3728:
3719:
3713:
3707:
3701:
3695:
3689:
3683:
3677:
3666:
3660:
3651:
3645:
3636:
3630:
3624:
3618:
3609:
3603:
3597:
3591:
3585:
3579:
3570:
3564:
3555:
3554:
3540:
3534:
3533:
3519:
3513:
3512:
3501:
3495:
3490:
3484:
3483:
3465:
3459:
3458:
3445:
3439:
3433:
3427:
3421:
3415:
3414:
3404:
3381:
3359:
3352:
3288:1640 â Portugal
3192:1616 â Death of
2957:Society of Jesus
2931:southern Vietnam
2787:Today the word "
2669:
2662:
2658:
2655:
2649:
2618:
2610:
2416:and served with
2341:
2339:
2338:
2090:Bell of Nanbanji
2032:
2030:
2024:
2023:
2007:European ships (
1988:, incorporating
1984:A 1634 Japanese
1981:
1956:
1830:Tanegashima guns
1791:
1789:
1788:
1493:Society of Jesus
1433:Matthew C. Perry
1281:The Portuguese "
1209:two small sticks
1187:
1097:, also known as
994:
992:
991:
965:
963:
962:
928:
926:
925:
898:history of Japan
895:
893:
887:
886:
873:
871:
865:
864:
843:
836:
829:
673:
574:Economic miracle
489:Nanking incident
484:Financial crisis
321:Perry Expedition
295:
204:Mongol invasions
83:before 14,000 BC
73:
72:
68:
55:
45:History of Japan
32:
21:
5435:
5434:
5430:
5429:
5428:
5426:
5425:
5424:
5360:
5359:
5358:
5349:
5287:
5272:
5244:
5229:
5225:Marcos scandals
5156:
5141:
5098:
5084:
5067:
5041:
5005:
4849:
4668:
4577:
4502:
4488:
4478:
4476:
4433:Shunkoin Temple
4400:
4395:
4314:
4312:Further reading
4309:
4303:
4290:
4285:
4272:
4266:
4248:
4234:
4220:
4216:
4211:
4210:
4201:
4200:
4196:
4177:
4173:
4164:
4163:
4159:
4152:
4139:
4138:
4134:
4126:
4122:
4114:
4110:
4102:
4095:
4087:
4083:
4075:
4071:
4061:
4059:
4057:
4042:
4041:
4037:
4027:
4025:
4023:
4008:
4007:
4003:
3993:
3991:
3989:
3974:
3973:
3969:
3959:
3957:
3955:
3940:
3939:
3935:
3911:
3910:
3903:
3895:
3891:
3881:
3879:
3877:
3862:
3861:
3857:
3847:
3845:
3843:
3828:
3827:
3823:
3814:
3807:
3799:
3795:
3778:
3777:
3773:
3765:
3761:
3753:
3749:
3745:, pp. 7â8.
3741:
3737:
3729:
3722:
3714:
3710:
3702:
3698:
3690:
3686:
3678:
3669:
3661:
3654:
3646:
3639:
3631:
3627:
3619:
3612:
3604:
3600:
3592:
3588:
3580:
3573:
3565:
3558:
3542:
3541:
3537:
3521:
3520:
3516:
3503:
3502:
3498:
3491:
3487:
3480:
3467:
3466:
3462:
3447:
3446:
3442:
3434:
3430:
3422:
3418:
3383:
3382:
3378:
3373:
3368:
3363:
3362:
3353:
3349:
3344:
3302:
3220:Yamada Nagamasa
3194:Tokugawa Ieyasu
3149:Yamada Nagamasa
3093:as the seat of
3065:Tokugawa Ieyasu
2847:Luis de Almeida
2816:
2715:Four Barbarians
2670:
2659:
2653:
2650:
2635:
2619:
2608:
2553:Tokugawa Ieyasu
2541:
2445:
2431:
2420:. Invented in
2384:Namban-ryƫ geka
2364:Shunkoin temple
2331:
2223:
2191:Tokugawa Ieyasu
2082:
2070:Main articles:
2068:
2043:Tenjiku Tokubei
2035:Yamada Nagamasa
2018:
2005:
2004:
2003:
2002:
2001:
1982:
1974:
1973:
1957:
1946:
1940:
1928:Tokugawa Ieyasu
1866:AntĂłnio da Mota
1838:
1832:
1783:
1773:introduced the
1723:
1636:
1630:
1478:Spanish dollars
1453:
1389:Manila galleons
1371:, 17th century.
1357:
1275:
1269:
1188:
1183:
1162:
1129:
1105:to Cristopher).
1095:AntĂłnio da Mota
1071:
986:
957:
920:
881:
859:
847:
797:
796:
795:
675:
674:
671:
663:
662:
654:
653:
629:1989–2019
626:
625:
586:1926–1989
583:
544:Atomic bombings
519:Tripartite Pact
504:May 15 incident
494:Mukden Incident
465:1912–1926
462:
461:
432:1868–1912
429:
428:
404:Boxer Rebellion
349:1603–1868
346:
345:
293:
283:1573–1603
280:
279:
258:AzuchiâMomoyama
250:1336–1573
247:
246:
222:1185–1333
219:
218:
181:
180:
151:710 – 794
148:
137:538 – 710
134:
120:
106:
70:
69:
66:
58:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5433:
5431:
5423:
5422:
5417:
5412:
5407:
5402:
5397:
5392:
5387:
5382:
5377:
5372:
5362:
5361:
5355:
5354:
5351:
5350:
5348:
5347:
5342:
5337:
5332:
5327:
5322:
5317:
5312:
5303:
5298:
5292:
5289:
5288:
5286:Related topics
5285:
5278:
5277:
5274:
5273:
5271:
5270:
5265:
5260:
5255:
5249:
5246:
5245:
5242:
5235:
5234:
5231:
5230:
5228:
5227:
5222:
5217:
5212:
5207:
5202:
5197:
5192:
5187:
5182:
5177:
5172:
5170:Red seal ships
5167:
5161:
5158:
5157:
5154:
5147:
5146:
5143:
5142:
5140:
5139:
5137:United Nations
5134:
5132:European Union
5129:
5127:Southeast Asia
5124:
5119:
5114:
5109:
5103:
5100:
5099:
5093:
5086:
5085:
5078:
5076:
5073:
5072:
5069:
5068:
5066:
5065:
5060:
5055:
5053:Russian Empire
5049:
5047:
5043:
5042:
5040:
5039:
5034:
5029:
5024:
5019:
5013:
5011:
5007:
5006:
5004:
5003:
5001:United Kingdom
4998:
4993:
4988:
4983:
4978:
4973:
4968:
4963:
4958:
4953:
4948:
4943:
4938:
4933:
4928:
4923:
4918:
4913:
4908:
4903:
4898:
4893:
4888:
4883:
4881:Czech Republic
4878:
4873:
4868:
4863:
4857:
4855:
4851:
4850:
4848:
4847:
4842:
4837:
4832:
4827:
4822:
4817:
4812:
4807:
4802:
4797:
4792:
4787:
4782:
4777:
4772:
4767:
4762:
4757:
4752:
4747:
4742:
4737:
4732:
4727:
4722:
4717:
4712:
4707:
4702:
4697:
4692:
4687:
4682:
4676:
4674:
4670:
4669:
4667:
4666:
4661:
4656:
4651:
4646:
4641:
4636:
4631:
4626:
4621:
4616:
4611:
4606:
4601:
4596:
4591:
4585:
4583:
4579:
4578:
4576:
4575:
4570:
4565:
4560:
4555:
4550:
4545:
4540:
4535:
4530:
4525:
4520:
4514:
4512:
4504:
4503:
4497:
4490:
4489:
4477:
4475:
4474:
4467:
4460:
4452:
4446:
4445:
4436:
4430:
4425:
4419:
4414:
4406:
4399:
4398:External links
4396:
4394:
4393:
4379:
4373:
4363:
4356:
4355:, Ibrasa, 1989
4349:
4342:
4329:
4315:
4313:
4310:
4308:
4307:
4301:
4288:
4283:
4270:
4264:
4246:
4232:
4217:
4215:
4212:
4209:
4208:
4194:
4171:
4168:. 10 May 2021.
4157:
4150:
4132:
4120:
4118:, p. 301.
4108:
4106:, p. 170.
4093:
4091:, p. 169.
4081:
4069:
4055:
4035:
4021:
4001:
3987:
3967:
3953:
3933:
3901:
3889:
3875:
3855:
3841:
3821:
3805:
3803:, p. 223.
3793:
3771:
3759:
3747:
3735:
3720:
3708:
3696:
3684:
3667:
3652:
3637:
3625:
3623:, p. 101.
3610:
3598:
3586:
3584:, p. 303.
3571:
3556:
3535:
3514:
3496:
3485:
3478:
3460:
3440:
3428:
3416:
3375:
3374:
3372:
3369:
3367:
3364:
3361:
3360:
3346:
3345:
3343:
3340:
3339:
3338:
3336:Sengoku period
3333:
3328:
3323:
3318:
3313:
3308:
3301:
3298:
3297:
3296:
3293:
3286:
3283:
3276:
3265:
3262:
3255:
3254:
3253:
3247:
3246:
3245:
3238:
3231:
3213:
3212:
3211:
3197:
3190:
3183:
3176:
3175:
3174:
3160:
3145:
3136:
3129:
3122:
3121:
3120:
3113:
3087:
3079:Santa Catarina
3070:
3069:
3068:
3046:
3043:
3028:
3027:
3026:
3023:Red Seal Ships
3016:Seven-Year War
3008:
3005:
2998:
2987:
2984:TenshĆ embassy
2980:
2979:
2978:
2967:
2964:dynastic union
2953:
2943:
2942:
2941:
2938:JoĂŁo Rodrigues
2923:
2916:
2909:
2902:Ćmura Sumitada
2893:
2886:
2879:
2872:
2857:
2850:
2843:
2836:Francis Xavier
2832:
2815:
2812:
2703:Southeast Asia
2672:
2671:
2622:
2620:
2613:
2607:
2600:
2540:
2533:
2430:
2427:
2426:
2425:
2401:
2391:
2381:
2367:
2342:was the first
2322:
2281:
2271:
2263:
2255:
2241:
2222:
2215:
2203:siege of Osaka
2146:
2145:
2134:
2105:Francis Xavier
2067:
2064:
2016:red seal ships
1983:
1976:
1975:
1958:
1951:
1950:
1949:
1948:
1947:
1944:Red seal ships
1942:Main article:
1939:
1938:Red seal ships
1936:
1914:Akira Kurosawa
1898:Sengoku period
1834:Main article:
1831:
1828:
1763:decorative art
1731:Red seal trade
1722:
1719:
1629:
1626:
1586:Diogo do Couto
1452:
1449:
1356:
1353:
1335:Omura Sumitada
1268:
1265:
1231:
1230:
1219:
1212:
1181:
1165:The island of
1161:
1158:
1128:
1125:
1089:(unknown) and
1083:Ćsumi Province
1070:
1069:First contacts
1067:
1011:Sengoku period
949:Southeast Asia
941:Ryukyu Islands
937:Southern China
849:
848:
846:
845:
838:
831:
823:
820:
819:
818:
817:
812:
807:
799:
798:
794:
793:
788:
783:
778:
773:
768:
763:
758:
757:
756:
751:
746:
741:
736:
728:
726:Historiography
723:
718:
713:
708:
703:
698:
693:
688:
683:
677:
676:
670:
669:
668:
665:
664:
659:
658:
655:
652:
651:
646:
640:
634:
631:
630:
627:
624:
623:
618:
613:
608:
603:
597:
591:
588:
587:
584:
582:
581:
576:
571:
566:
561:
556:
551:
546:
541:
536:
531:
526:
521:
516:
511:
506:
501:
496:
491:
486:
481:
475:
467:
466:
463:
460:
459:
454:
449:
443:
437:
434:
433:
430:
427:
426:
421:
416:
411:
406:
401:
396:
391:
386:
381:
376:
371:
366:
360:
354:
351:
350:
347:
344:
343:
338:
333:
328:
323:
318:
313:
311:Siege of Osaka
308:
303:
297:
288:
285:
284:
281:
278:
277:
272:
267:
261:
255:
252:
251:
248:
245:
244:
242:Sengoku period
239:
233:
227:
224:
223:
220:
217:
216:
211:
206:
201:
195:
189:
186:
185:
184:794–1185
182:
179:
178:
173:
168:
162:
156:
153:
152:
149:
142:
139:
138:
135:
128:
125:
124:
121:
114:
111:
110:
107:
100:
97:
96:
93:
85:
84:
81:
71:
65:
64:
63:
60:
59:
56:
48:
47:
41:
40:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5432:
5421:
5418:
5416:
5413:
5411:
5408:
5406:
5403:
5401:
5398:
5396:
5393:
5391:
5388:
5386:
5383:
5381:
5378:
5376:
5373:
5371:
5368:
5367:
5365:
5346:
5343:
5341:
5338:
5336:
5333:
5331:
5328:
5326:
5323:
5321:
5318:
5316:
5313:
5311:
5307:
5304:
5302:
5299:
5297:
5294:
5293:
5290:
5283:
5279:
5269:
5266:
5264:
5261:
5259:
5256:
5254:
5251:
5250:
5247:
5240:
5236:
5226:
5223:
5221:
5218:
5216:
5213:
5211:
5208:
5206:
5203:
5201:
5198:
5196:
5193:
5191:
5188:
5186:
5183:
5181:
5178:
5176:
5173:
5171:
5168:
5166:
5163:
5162:
5159:
5152:
5148:
5138:
5135:
5133:
5130:
5128:
5125:
5123:
5120:
5118:
5117:Latin America
5115:
5113:
5110:
5108:
5105:
5104:
5101:
5096:
5091:
5087:
5082:
5064:
5061:
5059:
5056:
5054:
5051:
5050:
5048:
5044:
5038:
5035:
5033:
5030:
5028:
5025:
5023:
5020:
5018:
5015:
5014:
5012:
5008:
5002:
4999:
4997:
4994:
4992:
4989:
4987:
4984:
4982:
4979:
4977:
4974:
4972:
4969:
4967:
4964:
4962:
4959:
4957:
4954:
4952:
4949:
4947:
4944:
4942:
4941:Liechtenstein
4939:
4937:
4934:
4932:
4929:
4927:
4924:
4922:
4919:
4917:
4914:
4912:
4909:
4907:
4904:
4902:
4899:
4897:
4894:
4892:
4889:
4887:
4884:
4882:
4879:
4877:
4874:
4872:
4869:
4867:
4864:
4862:
4859:
4858:
4856:
4852:
4846:
4843:
4841:
4838:
4836:
4833:
4831:
4828:
4826:
4823:
4821:
4818:
4816:
4813:
4811:
4808:
4806:
4803:
4801:
4798:
4796:
4793:
4791:
4788:
4786:
4783:
4781:
4778:
4776:
4773:
4771:
4768:
4766:
4763:
4761:
4758:
4756:
4753:
4751:
4748:
4746:
4743:
4741:
4738:
4736:
4733:
4731:
4728:
4726:
4723:
4721:
4718:
4716:
4713:
4711:
4708:
4706:
4703:
4701:
4698:
4696:
4693:
4691:
4688:
4686:
4683:
4681:
4678:
4677:
4675:
4671:
4665:
4662:
4660:
4657:
4655:
4654:United States
4652:
4650:
4647:
4645:
4642:
4640:
4637:
4635:
4632:
4630:
4627:
4625:
4622:
4620:
4617:
4615:
4612:
4610:
4607:
4605:
4602:
4600:
4597:
4595:
4592:
4590:
4587:
4586:
4584:
4580:
4574:
4571:
4569:
4566:
4564:
4561:
4559:
4556:
4554:
4551:
4549:
4546:
4544:
4541:
4539:
4536:
4534:
4531:
4529:
4526:
4524:
4521:
4519:
4516:
4515:
4513:
4509:
4505:
4500:
4495:
4491:
4487:
4482:
4473:
4468:
4466:
4461:
4459:
4454:
4453:
4450:
4444:
4440:
4437:
4434:
4431:
4429:
4426:
4423:
4420:
4418:
4415:
4413:
4411:
4407:
4405:
4402:
4401:
4397:
4391:
4390:0-904180-73-5
4387:
4383:
4380:
4377:
4374:
4371:
4367:
4364:
4361:
4357:
4354:
4350:
4347:
4343:
4341:
4340:0-226-35485-7
4337:
4333:
4330:
4328:
4327:0-8048-3287-0
4324:
4320:
4317:
4316:
4311:
4304:
4302:0-87923-773-2
4298:
4294:
4289:
4286:
4280:
4276:
4271:
4267:
4261:
4257:
4256:
4251:
4247:
4243:
4242:
4237:
4233:
4229:
4228:
4223:
4219:
4218:
4213:
4204:
4198:
4195:
4192:
4188:
4184:
4180:
4179:Battie, David
4175:
4172:
4167:
4161:
4158:
4153:
4151:2-13-052893-7
4147:
4143:
4136:
4133:
4129:
4124:
4121:
4117:
4112:
4109:
4105:
4100:
4098:
4094:
4090:
4085:
4082:
4078:
4073:
4070:
4058:
4052:
4048:
4047:
4039:
4036:
4024:
4022:1-135-78871-5
4018:
4014:
4013:
4005:
4002:
3990:
3984:
3980:
3979:
3971:
3968:
3956:
3950:
3946:
3945:
3937:
3934:
3929:
3925:
3921:
3917:
3916:
3908:
3906:
3902:
3898:
3893:
3890:
3878:
3872:
3868:
3867:
3859:
3856:
3844:
3842:0-19-517055-5
3838:
3834:
3833:
3825:
3822:
3818:
3812:
3810:
3806:
3802:
3797:
3794:
3789:
3785:
3781:
3775:
3772:
3769:, p. 16.
3768:
3763:
3760:
3757:, p. 10.
3756:
3751:
3748:
3744:
3739:
3736:
3732:
3727:
3725:
3721:
3718:
3712:
3709:
3705:
3700:
3697:
3693:
3688:
3685:
3682:, p. 14.
3681:
3676:
3674:
3672:
3668:
3665:, p. 15.
3664:
3659:
3657:
3653:
3650:, p. 14.
3649:
3644:
3642:
3638:
3635:, p. 13.
3634:
3629:
3626:
3622:
3617:
3615:
3611:
3608:, p. 98.
3607:
3602:
3599:
3596:, p. 92.
3595:
3590:
3587:
3583:
3578:
3576:
3572:
3569:, p. 91.
3568:
3563:
3561:
3557:
3552:
3548:
3547:
3539:
3536:
3531:
3527:
3526:
3518:
3515:
3510:
3506:
3500:
3497:
3494:
3489:
3486:
3481:
3479:2-07-053118-X
3475:
3471:
3464:
3461:
3456:
3452:
3451:
3444:
3441:
3438:, p. 11.
3437:
3432:
3429:
3425:
3420:
3417:
3412:
3408:
3403:
3398:
3394:
3390:
3386:
3380:
3377:
3370:
3365:
3357:
3351:
3348:
3341:
3337:
3334:
3332:
3329:
3327:
3324:
3322:
3319:
3317:
3314:
3312:
3309:
3307:
3304:
3303:
3299:
3294:
3291:
3287:
3284:
3281:
3277:
3274:
3270:
3266:
3263:
3260:
3256:
3251:
3250:
3248:
3243:
3239:
3236:
3232:
3229:
3225:
3221:
3217:
3216:
3214:
3209:
3205:
3204:
3202:
3198:
3195:
3191:
3188:
3184:
3181:
3177:
3172:
3168:
3164:
3163:
3161:
3158:
3154:
3150:
3146:
3143:
3142:
3137:
3134:
3130:
3127:
3123:
3118:
3114:
3111:
3107:
3103:
3099:
3098:
3096:
3092:
3088:
3085:
3081:
3080:
3075:
3071:
3066:
3062:
3058:
3057:
3055:
3051:
3050:William Adams
3047:
3044:
3041:
3037:
3034:(essentially
3033:
3029:
3024:
3020:
3019:
3017:
3013:
3009:
3006:
3003:
2999:
2996:
2992:
2988:
2985:
2981:
2976:
2972:
2968:
2965:
2961:
2960:
2958:
2954:
2951:
2948:
2944:
2939:
2935:
2934:
2932:
2928:
2924:
2921:
2917:
2914:
2910:
2907:
2903:
2900:
2899:
2894:
2891:
2887:
2884:
2880:
2877:
2873:
2870:
2866:
2862:
2861:Siege of Moji
2858:
2855:
2851:
2848:
2844:
2841:
2837:
2833:
2830:
2826:
2822:
2818:
2817:
2813:
2811:
2809:
2805:
2801:
2797:
2792:
2790:
2785:
2783:
2778:
2776:
2772:
2768:
2764:
2760:
2756:
2752:
2747:
2739:
2734:
2730:
2728:
2724:
2720:
2716:
2712:
2708:
2704:
2700:
2696:
2695:
2690:
2686:
2678:
2668:
2665:
2657:
2647:
2643:
2639:
2633:
2632:
2628:
2623:This section
2621:
2617:
2612:
2611:
2605:
2601:
2599:
2597:
2596:Matthew Perry
2591:
2589:
2585:
2581:
2580:in Jingdezhen
2577:
2573:
2569:
2565:
2560:
2558:
2554:
2545:
2538:
2534:
2532:
2530:
2526:
2522:
2518:
2517:porutogaru-yu
2514:
2510:
2506:
2502:
2498:
2494:
2493:
2488:
2484:
2480:
2476:
2472:
2471:
2466:
2462:
2458:
2454:
2450:
2444:
2440:
2436:
2428:
2423:
2419:
2415:
2411:
2407:
2406:
2405:Chikin nanban
2402:
2399:
2395:
2392:
2389:
2388:kĆmĆ-ryĆ« geka
2385:
2382:
2379:
2375:
2374:
2373:
2368:
2365:
2361:
2357:
2353:
2349:
2345:
2337:
2330:
2326:
2323:
2320:
2319:
2313:
2309:
2308:
2303:
2299:
2298:
2293:
2289:
2288:
2287:
2282:
2279:
2275:
2272:
2269:
2268:
2264:
2261:
2260:
2256:
2253:
2249:
2248:
2247:
2246:Nanbanbijutsu
2242:
2239:
2235:
2234:
2233:
2228:
2227:
2226:
2220:
2216:
2214:
2212:
2208:
2204:
2200:
2196:
2192:
2187:
2184:
2180:
2176:
2175:
2171:
2163:
2158:
2150:
2143:
2140:(From Boxer,
2139:
2135:
2133:
2130:
2129:
2128:
2125:
2122:
2117:
2115:
2111:
2106:
2103:
2095:
2091:
2086:
2081:
2077:
2073:
2065:
2063:
2061:
2057:
2056:
2051:
2046:
2044:
2040:
2036:
2029:
2017:
2012:
2010:
1999:
1995:
1991:
1987:
1986:red seal ship
1980:
1971:
1967:
1966:
1962:
1955:
1945:
1937:
1935:
1933:
1929:
1925:
1921:
1920:
1916:'s 1980 film
1915:
1911:
1907:
1901:
1899:
1895:
1891:
1887:
1883:
1879:
1875:
1871:
1867:
1863:
1855:
1851:
1847:
1842:
1837:
1829:
1827:
1825:
1824:
1819:
1815:
1811:
1807:
1803:
1802:
1797:
1796:
1782:
1781:
1776:
1772:
1768:
1764:
1760:
1757:), religion (
1756:
1752:
1748:
1744:
1740:
1732:
1727:
1720:
1716:
1712:
1708:
1707:
1702:
1698:
1694:
1692:
1688:
1684:
1679:
1677:
1676:Jacques Specx
1672:
1668:
1663:
1661:
1660:William Adams
1657:
1653:
1649:
1645:
1641:
1635:
1627:
1625:
1623:
1617:
1615:
1611:
1607:
1603:
1599:
1595:
1594:William Adams
1591:
1587:
1583:
1578:
1576:
1571:
1564:
1560:
1555:
1551:
1549:
1548:Charles Boxer
1543:
1541:
1537:
1533:
1529:
1525:
1521:
1517:
1513:
1509:
1505:
1498:
1494:
1490:
1485:
1481:
1479:
1476:or 2,000,000
1475:
1471:
1467:
1463:
1459:
1450:
1448:
1446:
1442:
1436:
1434:
1430:
1426:
1422:
1418:
1414:
1409:
1406:
1402:
1398:
1394:
1390:
1386:
1377:
1370:
1366:
1363:A Portuguese
1361:
1354:
1352:
1350:
1349:
1344:
1340:
1336:
1330:
1328:
1324:
1319:
1317:
1313:
1309:
1308:
1302:
1300:
1296:
1292:
1284:
1279:
1274:
1266:
1264:
1262:
1257:
1255:
1251:
1246:
1244:
1240:
1236:
1228:
1224:
1220:
1217:
1213:
1210:
1206:
1205:
1204:
1202:
1198:
1194:
1186:
1180:
1178:
1174:
1173:
1168:
1159:
1156:
1154:
1148:
1146:
1142:
1141:culture shock
1138:
1134:
1126:
1121:
1118:
1117:
1111:
1104:
1100:
1096:
1092:
1091:KirishitamĆta
1088:
1084:
1080:
1075:
1068:
1066:
1064:
1060:
1056:
1052:
1048:
1044:
1040:
1036:
1032:
1028:
1024:
1020:
1016:
1012:
1008:
1005:
1001:
996:
985:
981:
977:
973:
969:
956:
955:
954:Nihon Kiryaku
950:
946:
942:
938:
934:
933:
919:
918:
913:
909:
908:
903:
899:
892:
880:
878:
870:
858:
856:
844:
839:
837:
832:
830:
825:
824:
822:
821:
816:
813:
811:
808:
806:
803:
802:
801:
800:
792:
789:
787:
784:
782:
779:
777:
774:
772:
769:
767:
764:
762:
759:
755:
752:
750:
747:
745:
742:
740:
737:
735:
732:
731:
729:
727:
724:
722:
719:
717:
714:
712:
709:
707:
704:
702:
699:
697:
694:
692:
689:
687:
684:
682:
679:
678:
667:
666:
656:
650:
647:
645:
642:
641:
639:
638:
633:
632:
628:
622:
619:
617:
614:
612:
609:
607:
604:
602:
599:
598:
596:
595:
590:
589:
585:
580:
577:
575:
572:
570:
569:Anpo protests
567:
565:
564:Postwar Japan
562:
560:
557:
555:
552:
550:
547:
545:
542:
540:
537:
535:
532:
530:
527:
525:
522:
520:
517:
515:
512:
510:
507:
505:
502:
500:
497:
495:
492:
490:
487:
485:
482:
480:
477:
476:
474:
473:
469:
468:
464:
458:
455:
453:
450:
448:
445:
444:
442:
441:
436:
435:
431:
425:
422:
420:
417:
415:
412:
410:
407:
405:
402:
400:
397:
395:
392:
390:
387:
385:
382:
380:
377:
375:
372:
370:
367:
365:
362:
361:
359:
358:
353:
352:
348:
342:
339:
337:
334:
332:
329:
327:
324:
322:
319:
317:
314:
312:
309:
307:
304:
302:
299:
298:
296:
292:
287:
286:
282:
276:
273:
271:
268:
266:
263:
262:
260:
259:
254:
253:
249:
243:
240:
238:
235:
234:
232:
231:
226:
225:
221:
215:
212:
210:
207:
205:
202:
200:
197:
196:
194:
193:
188:
187:
183:
177:
174:
172:
169:
167:
164:
163:
161:
160:
155:
154:
150:
147:
146:
141:
140:
136:
133:
132:
127:
126:
122:
119:
118:
113:
112:
108:
105:
104:
99:
98:
94:
92:
91:
87:
86:
82:
80:
79:
75:
74:
62:
61:
54:
50:
49:
46:
42:
38:
34:
33:
30:
19:
5175:Nanban trade
5174:
5095:Multilateral
5058:Soviet Union
4810:Saudi Arabia
4573:South Africa
4409:
4381:
4375:
4369:
4359:
4352:
4345:
4331:
4318:
4292:
4274:
4254:
4240:
4226:
4197:
4182:
4174:
4160:
4141:
4135:
4130:, p. 4.
4123:
4111:
4084:
4079:, p. 8.
4072:
4060:. Retrieved
4045:
4038:
4026:. Retrieved
4011:
4004:
3992:. Retrieved
3977:
3970:
3958:. Retrieved
3943:
3936:
3919:
3913:
3899:, p. 71
3892:
3880:. Retrieved
3865:
3858:
3846:. Retrieved
3831:
3824:
3796:
3783:
3774:
3762:
3750:
3738:
3733:, p. 6.
3711:
3706:, p. 7.
3699:
3694:, p. 5.
3687:
3628:
3601:
3589:
3550:
3545:
3538:
3529:
3524:
3517:
3508:
3499:
3488:
3469:
3463:
3454:
3449:
3443:
3431:
3419:
3392:
3388:
3379:
3355:
3350:
3139:
3097:government.
3077:
3053:
2922:by Portugal.
2896:
2823:) arrive in
2808:Goan cuisine
2795:
2793:
2788:
2786:
2781:
2779:
2774:
2770:
2766:
2763:white people
2750:
2745:
2743:
2726:
2710:
2706:
2692:
2684:
2683:
2660:
2654:October 2021
2651:
2636:Please help
2624:
2603:
2592:
2561:
2557:Christianity
2550:
2536:
2528:
2524:
2520:
2516:
2504:
2500:
2496:
2490:
2486:
2482:
2478:
2474:
2468:
2464:
2460:
2456:
2446:
2418:tartar sauce
2413:
2404:
2403:
2397:
2394:Namban-byĆbu
2393:
2387:
2383:
2370:
2369:
2348:Oda Nobunaga
2328:
2324:
2315:
2311:
2305:
2295:
2284:
2283:
2274:Namban-ryĆri
2273:
2266:
2265:
2258:
2257:
2244:
2243:
2230:
2229:
2224:
2218:
2188:
2172:
2167:
2164:, circa 1583
2162:Oda Nobunaga
2160:Portrait of
2141:
2138:punishment."
2136:
2131:
2118:
2099:
2093:
2060:Nueva España
2054:
2049:
2047:
2013:
2006:
1963:
1917:
1906:Oda Nobunaga
1902:
1881:
1859:
1821:
1817:
1814:keiran sĆmen
1813:
1809:
1805:
1799:
1793:
1779:
1759:Christianity
1736:
1704:
1700:
1680:
1666:
1664:
1655:
1651:
1647:
1646:were called
1643:
1637:
1618:
1605:
1601:
1597:
1581:
1579:
1567:
1544:
1501:
1454:
1451:Traded goods
1437:
1420:
1417:nau do trato
1416:
1413:nau da prata
1412:
1410:
1382:
1348:MisericĂłrdia
1346:
1331:
1320:
1311:
1305:
1303:
1288:
1273:Japan voyage
1258:
1247:
1232:
1192:
1190:
1171:
1166:
1164:
1152:
1150:
1130:
1114:
1098:
1090:
1087:Murashukusha
1086:
1054:
1038:
1035:Christianity
1015:trade routes
999:
997:
952:
945:Indian Ocean
930:
916:
915:
912:isolationism
905:
879:trade period
876:
875:
869:Nanban bĆeki
854:
853:
852:
739:Christianity
635:
601:Lost Decades
592:
529:World War II
470:
438:
355:
290:
265:Nanban trade
264:
256:
228:
190:
157:
143:
129:
115:
101:
88:
76:
29:
5027:New Zealand
4961:Netherlands
4820:South Korea
4800:Philippines
4785:North Korea
4680:Afghanistan
3426:, p. 7
3424:Perrin 1979
3235:Philippines
3222:sails from
3206:â Death of
3151:settles in
3117:Nippo Jisho
3036:Franciscans
2993:arrives in
2971:Franciscans
2945:1579 â The
2920:Ćtomo SĆrin
2838:arrives in
2825:Tanegashima
2782:Wakon-YĆsai
2535:Decline of
2286:Nanbangashi
1990:junk rigged
1894:Tanegashima
1874:Tanegashima
1854:Tanegashima
1780:nanbangashi
1715:KanĆ Naizen
1628:Dutch trade
1536:lacquerware
1470:Peter Mundy
1425:black ships
1423:, meaning "
1283:Japan Route
1137:Tanegashima
691:Earthquakes
539:Pacific War
447:World War I
78:Paleolithic
5364:Categories
5112:Arab world
5063:Yugoslavia
4956:Montenegro
4725:East Timor
4700:Bangladesh
4690:Azerbaijan
4553:Mozambique
4439:Japan Mint
4424:(Japanese)
4422:Nanban art
4191:1850292515
4128:Boxer 1963
4116:Boxer 1951
4104:Boxer 1963
4089:Boxer 1963
4077:Boxer 1963
4062:2 February
4028:2 February
3994:2 February
3960:2 February
3882:2 February
3848:2 February
3801:Boxer 1968
3767:Boxer 1968
3755:Boxer 1968
3743:Boxer 1963
3731:Boxer 1963
3704:Boxer 1963
3692:Boxer 1963
3680:Boxer 1963
3663:Boxer 1968
3648:Boxer 1968
3633:Boxer 1963
3621:Boxer 1951
3606:Boxer 1951
3594:Boxer 1951
3582:Boxer 1951
3567:Boxer 1951
3553:. YouTube.
3532:. YouTube.
3436:Boxer 1951
3366:References
3311:Nanban art
2991:Mancio ItĆ
2927:Dang Trong
2876:LuĂs FrĂłis
2865:Otomo clan
2699:South Asia
2572:Edo period
2525:empurasuto
2492:kirishitan
2449:Portuguese
2433:See also:
2414:nanbanzuke
2396:(ćèźć±éąš), "S
2372:Nanbanzuke
2329:Nanbandera
2267:Nanbannuri
2221:influences
2174:San Felipe
2072:Kirishitan
2062:(Mexico).
1970:Ishinomaki
1771:Portuguese
1687:Portuguese
1632:See also:
1271:See also:
1235:Marco Polo
1197:LuĂs FrĂłis
1185:Tomé Pires
1133:Portuguese
1043:Edo period
1025:firearms,
1004:Portuguese
611:Cool Japan
479:Militarism
341:Boshin War
294:(Tokugawa)
176:Genpei War
5097:relations
5017:Australia
4946:Lithuania
4825:Sri Lanka
4815:Singapore
4795:Palestine
4740:Indonesia
4664:Venezuela
4589:Argentina
4501:relations
4499:Bilateral
3897:Dias 2007
3411:0386-9040
3371:Citations
3259:Ayutthaya
3153:Ayutthaya
2840:Kagoshima
2800:soy sauce
2736:Japanese
2723:Japanised
2625:does not
2598:in 1854.
2539:exchanges
2378:escabeche
2366:in Kyoto.
2344:Christian
2124:Hideyoshi
1919:Kagemusha
1886:matchlock
1878:gunpowder
1844:Japanese
1823:bisukauto
1751:cuirasses
1739:Japonisme
1729:Japanese
1568:In 1571,
1504:porcelain
1462:Ryukyuans
1339:leased it
1099:CristĂłvĂŁo
1023:matchlock
984:Kikaijima
914:in 1614.
902:Europeans
730:Religion
721:Geography
706:Education
701:Era names
331:Bakumatsu
270:Imjin War
230:Muromachi
209:GenkĆ War
199:JĆkyĆ« War
5310:in Japan
4971:Portugal
4916:Holy See
4835:Thailand
4790:Pakistan
4770:Mongolia
4765:Maldives
4760:Malaysia
4715:Cambodia
4639:Paraguay
4619:Colombia
4594:Barbados
4582:Americas
4543:Ethiopia
4533:Djibouti
4528:Botswana
4252:(1968).
4238:(1963).
4224:(1951).
3928:25066328
3788:Archived
3507:(1584).
3300:See also
3228:Songtham
3171:Americas
3040:Nagasaki
2906:Nagasaki
2829:arquebus
2814:Timeline
2568:Nagasaki
2529:unguento
2479:marumero
2475:furasuko
2422:Miyazaki
2325:Nanbanji
2312:confeito
2307:KonpeitĆ
2304:, and "
2297:Kasutera
2259:Nanbanga
2232:NanbandĆ
2199:Hideyori
2183:Nagasaki
2114:Nagasaki
2094:Nanbanji
2028:shuinsen
2009:galleons
1890:arquebus
1846:arquebus
1810:karumera
1806:aruheitĆ
1801:konpeitĆ
1795:castella
1755:galleons
1743:arquebus
1644:"Nanban"
1610:guilders
1606:cruzados
1602:cruzados
1598:cruzados
1582:cruzados
1516:peacocks
1445:galliots
1441:pinnaces
1421:kurofune
1405:teakwood
1385:carracks
1369:Nagasaki
1316:xerafins
1223:Scimitar
1182:â
815:Timeline
805:Glossary
776:Post-war
771:Politics
761:Military
734:Buddhism
686:Currency
192:Kamakura
37:a series
35:Part of
5122:Oceania
5010:Oceania
4996:Ukraine
4926:Ireland
4921:Iceland
4911:Hungary
4901:Germany
4891:Finland
4886:Denmark
4876:Croatia
4871:Belgium
4866:Austria
4861:Albania
4845:Vietnam
4775:Myanmar
4730:Georgia
4695:Bahrain
4685:Armenia
4659:Uruguay
4629:Ecuador
4599:Bolivia
4568:Somalia
4563:Nigeria
4558:Namibia
4518:Algeria
4319:Samurai
4214:Sources
4181:, ed.,
3278:1637 â
3269:Iemitsu
3187:Vietnam
3180:Jesuits
3147:1612 â
3126:Pattani
3072:1602 â
3052:on the
3030:1597 â
3014:in the
3000:1587 â
2989:1584 â
2982:1582 â
2975:Vietnam
2911:1575 â
2895:1571 â
2881:1565 â
2874:1563 â
2859:1560 â
2845:1556 â
2834:1549 â
2759:Hokkien
2717:in the
2646:removed
2631:sources
2509:tobacco
2487:kapitan
2461:tempura
2318:Biscuit
2302:Castile
2278:tempura
2195:Jesuits
2170:galleon
2121:kampaku
1996:sails,
1961:galleon
1850:Edo era
1848:of the
1775:tempura
1711:lacquer
1671:Pattani
1667:Liefde'
1634:Rangaku
1532:lacquer
1528:rapiers
1512:rhubarb
1466:bullion
1397:Bassein
1365:carrack
1355:Vessels
1343:Jesuits
1341:to the
1307:fidalgo
1295:Malacca
1221:"Their
1172:LĂ©quios
1116:samurai
1079:Hokusai
1031:galleon
1027:cannons
1009:in the
980:ShĆyĆ«ki
968:Dazaifu
874:or the
810:History
749:Judaism
696:Economy
67:Periods
5180:Sakoku
5107:Africa
5046:Former
4991:Sweden
4981:Serbia
4976:Russia
4966:Poland
4936:Kosovo
4906:Greece
4896:France
4854:Europe
4840:Turkey
4830:Taiwan
4750:Israel
4710:Brunei
4705:Bhutan
4634:Mexico
4609:Canada
4604:Brazil
4523:Angola
4511:Africa
4388:
4338:
4325:
4299:
4281:
4262:
4189:
4148:
4053:
4019:
3985:
3951:
3926:
3873:
3839:
3476:
3409:
3356:kaikin
3290:leaves
3273:Dejima
3133:Hirado
3106:Bantam
3095:Bakufu
3059:â The
3054:Liefde
2995:Lisbon
2947:Jesuit
2898:DaimyĆ
2890:Taiwan
2863:, the
2796:Nanban
2789:Nanban
2775:Nanban
2771:Ćbeifu
2755:Ang mo
2751:Nanban
2746:Nanban
2727:Nanban
2711:Nanban
2707:Nanban
2694:NĂĄnmĂĄn
2685:Nanban
2604:Nanban
2588:Kyushu
2564:Dejima
2537:Nanban
2521:chinta
2505:tabako
2501:shabon
2483:iruman
2470:karuta
2441:, and
2354:Padre
2352:Jesuit
2350:, the
2219:Nanban
2217:Other
2110:Kyƫshƫ
2102:Jesuit
2078:, and
2050:Nanban
1998:rudder
1994:lateen
1747:cannon
1701:Nanban
1691:Dejima
1656:liefde
1652:Liefde
1648:"KĆmĆ"
1559:maki-e
1524:chintz
1520:calico
1510:, and
1243:silver
1239:copper
1227:swords
1225:-like
1167:Jampon
1101:, the
1093:(i.e.
1063:Dejima
1055:Sakoku
1039:Nanban
1000:Nanban
972:Kyƫshƫ
947:, and
943:, the
939:, the
932:Nanman
917:Nanban
907:Sakoku
885:ćèźèČżææ代
877:Nanban
855:Nanban
786:Sports
754:Shinto
711:Empire
672:Topics
594:Heisei
440:TaishĆ
316:Sakoku
39:on the
5340:JPEPA
5335:JETRO
5220:China
5215:Korea
5037:Tonga
5032:Palau
4986:Spain
4951:Malta
4931:Italy
4805:Qatar
4780:Nepal
4735:India
4720:China
4614:Chile
4548:Kenya
4538:Egypt
3924:JSTOR
3342:Notes
3082:near
3074:Dutch
3038:) in
3012:Korea
2854:Macau
2687:is a
2513:TaĂno
2497:rasha
2465:botan
2453:Dutch
2410:ăăăłćèź
1968:, in
1882:TeppĆ
1706:byĆbu
1683:Dutch
1640:Dutch
1474:taels
1458:Wokou
1429:pitch
1401:Daman
1327:Macau
1299:wokou
1293:from
1291:China
1177:junks
1059:Dutch
976:Amami
857:trade
766:Naval
744:Islam
637:Reiwa
472:ShĆwa
357:Meiji
159:Heian
131:Asuka
117:Kofun
103:Yayoi
90:JĆmon
5325:JOCV
5320:JICA
5022:Fiji
4755:Laos
4745:Iran
4673:Asia
4644:Peru
4624:Cuba
4386:ISBN
4336:ISBN
4323:ISBN
4297:ISBN
4279:ISBN
4260:ISBN
4187:ISBN
4146:ISBN
4064:2014
4051:ISBN
4030:2014
4017:ISBN
3996:2014
3983:ISBN
3962:2014
3949:ISBN
3884:2014
3871:ISBN
3850:2014
3837:ISBN
3474:ISBN
3407:ISSN
3393:2016
3224:Siam
3157:Siam
3110:Java
2869:MĆri
2804:miso
2767:YĆfu
2738:inro
2701:and
2629:any
2627:cite
2451:and
2292:ćèźèć
2252:ćèźçŸèĄ
2088:The
2039:Siam
1926:and
1862:guns
1820:and
1818:bĆro
1787:ćèźèć
1681:The
1638:The
1592:and
1534:and
1522:and
1508:musk
1456:the
1443:and
1241:and
1113:The
998:The
961:æ„æŹçŽç„
863:ćèźèČżæ
145:Nara
3397:doi
3203:).
3104:at
3091:Edo
2802:or
2757:in
2640:by
2566:in
2457:pan
2336:ćèźćŻș
2327:or
2238:ćèźèŽ
2213:".
2037:in
2022:æ±ć°èč
1761:),
1399:or
1393:Goa
1367:in
1195:of
1135:on
990:èČŽé§ćł¶
291:Edo
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4096:^
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3918:.
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3655:^
3640:^
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3559:^
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3218:â
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